Common yellow or white rosin1.0727Arcanson1.0857Galipot(A)1.0819Baras(A)1.0441Sandarac1.0920Mastic1.0742Storax1.1098Opake copal1.1398Transparent ditto1.0452Madagascar ditto1.0600Chinese ditto1.0628Elemi1.0182Oriental anime1.0284Occidental ditto1.0426Labdanum1.1862Dittoin tortis2.4933Resin of guaiac1.2289Ditto of jallap1.2185Dragons blood1.2045Gum lac1.1390Tacamahaca1.0463Benzoin1.0924Alouchi(B)1.0604Caragna(C)1.1244Elastic gum.9335Camphor.9887Gum ammoniac1.2071Sagapenum1.2008Ivy gum(D)1.2948Gamboge1.2216Euphorbium1.1244Olibanum1.1732Myrrh1.3600Bdellium1.3717Aleppo Scamony1.2354Smyrna ditto1.2743Galbanum1.2120Assafoetida1.3275Sarcocolla1.2684Opoponax1.6226Cherry tree gum1.4817Gum Arabic1.4523Tragacanth1.3161Basora gum1.4346Acajou gum(E)1.4456Monbain gum(F)1.4206Inspissated juice of liquorice1.7228—— Acacia1.5153—— Areca1.4573Terra Japonica1.3980Hepatic aloes1.3586Socotrine aloes1.3795Inspissated juice of St John's wort1.5263Opium1.3366Indigo.7690Arnotto.5956Yellow wax.9648White ditto.9686Ouarouchi ditto(G).8970Cacao butter.8916Spermaceti.9433Beef fat.9232Veal fat.9342Mutton fat.9235Tallow.9419Hoggs fat.9368Lard.9478Butter.9423
[Note A: Resinous juices extracted in France from the Pine.Vide Bomare's Dict.]
[Note B: Odoriferous gum from the tree which produces the Cortex Winteranus.Bomare.]
[Note C: Resin of the tree called in Mexico Caragna, or Tree of Madness.Ibid.]
[Note D: Extracted in Persia and the warm countries from Hedera terrestris.—Bomare.]
[Note E: From a Brasilian tree of this name.—Ibid.]
[Note F: From a tree of this name.—Ibid.]
[Note G: The produce of the Tallow Tree of Guayana.Vide Bomare's Dict.]
Heart of oak 60 years old1.1700Cork.2400Elm trunk.6710Ash ditto.8450Beech.8520Alder.8000Maple.7550Walnut.6710Willow.5850Linden.6040Male fir.5500Female ditto.4980Poplar.3830White Spanish ditto.5294Apple tree.7930Pear tree.6610Quince tree.7050Medlar.9440Plumb tree.7850Olive wood.9270Cherry tree.7150Filbert tree.6000French box.9120Dutch ditto1.3280Dutch yew.7880Spanish ditto.8070Spanish cypress.6440American cedar.5608Pomgranate tree1.3540Spanish mulberry tree.8970Lignum vitae1.3330Orange tree.7050
Note—The numbers in the above Table, if the Decimal point be carried three figures farther to the right hand, nearly express the absolute weight of an English cube foot of each substance in averdupois ounces. See No. VIII. of the Appendix.—E.
Rulesfor Calculating the Absolute Gravity in English Troy Weight of a Cubic Foot and Inch, English Measure, of any Substance whose Specific Gravity is known[64].
In 1696, Mr Everard, balance-maker to the Exchequer, weighed before the Commissioners of the House of Commons 2145.6 cubical inches, by the Exchequer standard foot, of distilled water, at the temperature of 55° of Fahrenheit, and found it to weigh 1131 oz. 14 dts. Troy, of the Exchequer standard. The beam turned with 6 grs. when loaded with 30 pounds in each scale. Hence, supposing the pound averdupois to weigh 7000 grs. Troy, a cubic foot of water weighs 62-1/2 pounds averdupois, or 1000 ounces averdupois, wanting 106 grains Troy. And hence, if the specific gravity of water be called 1000, the proportional specific gravities of all other bodies will nearly express the number of averdupois ounces in a cubic foot. Or more accurately, supposing the specific gravity of water expressed by 1. and of all other bodies in proportional numbers, as thecubic foot of water weighs, at the above temperature, exactly 437489.4 grains Troy, and the cubic inch of water 253.175 grains, the absolute weight of a cubical foot or inch of any body in Troy grains may be found by multiplying their specific gravity by either of the above numbers respectively.
By Everard's experiment, and the proportions of the English and French foot, as established by the Royal Society and French Academy of Sciences, the following numbers are ascertained.
Paris grains in a Paris cube foot of water=645511English grains in a Paris cube foot of water=529922Paris grains in an English cube foot of water=533247English grains in an English cube foot of water=437489.4English grains in an English cube inch of water=253.175By an experiment of Picard with the measure andweight of the Chatelet, the Paris cube foot ofwater contains of Paris grains=641326By one of Du Hamel, made with great care=641376By Homberg=641666
These show some uncertainty in measures or in weights; but the above computation from Everard's experiment may be relied on, because the comparison of the foot of England with that of France was made by the joint labours of the Royal Society of London and the French Academy of Sciences: It agrees likewise very nearly with the weight assigned by Mr Lavoisier, 70 Paris pounds to the cubical foot of water.
Grains= Pound.1.00017362.00034723.00052084.00069445.00086816.00104177.00121538.00138899.001562510.001736120.003472230.005208340.006944450.008680660.010416770.012152880.013888990.0156250100.0173611200.0374222300.0520833400.0694444500.0868055600.1041666700.1215277800.1388888900.15624991000.17361102000.34722203000.52083304000.69444405000.868055060001.041866070001.215277080001.388888090001.5624990
Drams= Pound.1.01041672.02083333.03125004.04166675.05208336.06250007.07291678.0833333
Ounces= Pounds.1.08333332.16666673.25000004.33333335.41666676.50000007.58333338.66666679.750000010.833333311.9166667121.0000000
Tenth parts.lib.=oz.dr.gr.0.111360.223120.334480.446240.56000.671360.783120.894480.910624Hundredth parts.0.010057.60.020155.20.030252.80.040350.40.050448.00.060545.60.070643.20.080740.80.090338.4Thousandths.0.001005.760.0020011.520.0030017.280.0040023.040.0050028.80lib. =grs.0.00634.560.00740.320.00846.080.00951.84Ten thousandth parts.0.00010.5760.00021.1520.00031.7280.00042.3040.00052.8800.00063.4560.00074.0320.00084.6080.00095.184Hundred thousandth parts.0.000010.0520.000020.1150.000030.1730.000040.2300.000050.2880.000060.3460.000070.4030.000080.4610.000090.518
Tableof the English Cubical Inches and Decimals corresponding to a determinate Troy Weight of Distilled Water at the Temperature of 55°, calculated from Everard's experiment.
Grs.Cubical inches.1 =.00392.00783.01184.01575.01976.02367.02758.03159.035410.039420.078830.118240.157750.1971
Drams.Cubical inches.1 =.23652.47313.70944.946351.182961.419571.6561
Oz.Cubical inches.1 =1.892723.785535.678247.571059.4631611.3565713.2493815.1420917.07481018.92761120.8204
Libs.Cubical inches.1 =22.7131245.4263368.1394490.85255113.56576136.27887158.99198181.70519204.418310227.1314501135.65741002271.3148100022713.1488
FOOTNOTES:[62]For the materials of this Article the Translator is indebted to Professor Robertson.[63]It is said,Belidor Archit. Hydrog.to contain 31oz.64grs.of water, which makes it 58.075 English inches; but, as there is considerable uncertainty in the determinations of the weight of the French cubical measure of water, owing to the uncertainty of the standards made use of, it is better to abide by Mr Everard's measure, which was with the Exchequer standards, and by the proportions of the English and French foot, as established by the French Academy and Royal Society.[64]The whole of this and the following article was communicated to the Translator by Professor Robinson.—E.
[62]For the materials of this Article the Translator is indebted to Professor Robertson.
[62]For the materials of this Article the Translator is indebted to Professor Robertson.
[63]It is said,Belidor Archit. Hydrog.to contain 31oz.64grs.of water, which makes it 58.075 English inches; but, as there is considerable uncertainty in the determinations of the weight of the French cubical measure of water, owing to the uncertainty of the standards made use of, it is better to abide by Mr Everard's measure, which was with the Exchequer standards, and by the proportions of the English and French foot, as established by the French Academy and Royal Society.
[63]It is said,Belidor Archit. Hydrog.to contain 31oz.64grs.of water, which makes it 58.075 English inches; but, as there is considerable uncertainty in the determinations of the weight of the French cubical measure of water, owing to the uncertainty of the standards made use of, it is better to abide by Mr Everard's measure, which was with the Exchequer standards, and by the proportions of the English and French foot, as established by the French Academy and Royal Society.
[64]The whole of this and the following article was communicated to the Translator by Professor Robinson.—E.
[64]The whole of this and the following article was communicated to the Translator by Professor Robinson.—E.
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Plate I
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Plate II
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Plate XIII
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