O the pleasing, pleasing anguish.When we love, and when we languish!Wishes rising,Thoughts surprising,Pleasure courting,Charms transporting,Fancy viewing,Joys ensuing,O the pleasing, pleasing anguish.Rosamond, act 1. sc. 2.
O the pleasing, pleasing anguish.When we love, and when we languish!Wishes rising,Thoughts surprising,Pleasure courting,Charms transporting,Fancy viewing,Joys ensuing,O the pleasing, pleasing anguish.Rosamond, act 1. sc. 2.
O the pleasing, pleasing anguish.When we love, and when we languish!Wishes rising,Thoughts surprising,Pleasure courting,Charms transporting,Fancy viewing,Joys ensuing,O the pleasing, pleasing anguish.Rosamond, act 1. sc. 2.
For this reason, such frequent rhymes are very improper for any severe or serious passion: the dissonance betwixt the subject and the modulation, is very sensibly felt. Witness the following.
Ardito ti renda,T’accendaDi sdegnoD’un figlioIl periglioD’un regnoL’ amorE’ dolce ad un’ almaChe aspettaVendettaIl perder la calmaFra l’ire del cor.Metastasio. Artaserse, act 3. sc 3.
Ardito ti renda,T’accendaDi sdegnoD’un figlioIl periglioD’un regnoL’ amorE’ dolce ad un’ almaChe aspettaVendettaIl perder la calmaFra l’ire del cor.Metastasio. Artaserse, act 3. sc 3.
Ardito ti renda,T’accendaDi sdegnoD’un figlioIl periglioD’un regnoL’ amorE’ dolce ad un’ almaChe aspettaVendettaIl perder la calmaFra l’ire del cor.Metastasio. Artaserse, act 3. sc 3.
Rhyme is not less unfit for deep distress, than for subjects elevated and lofty; and for that reason has been long disused in the English and Italian tragedy. In a work, where the subject is serious though not elevated, it has not a good effect; because the airiness of the modulation agrees not with the gravity of the subject. TheEssay on Man, which treats a subject great and important, would show much better in blank verse. Sportive love, mirth, gaiety, humour, and ridicule, are the province of rhyme. The boundaries assigned it by nature, were extended in barbarous and illiterate ages, and in its usurpations it has long been protected by custom. But taste in the fine arts, as well as in morals, improves daily; and makes a progress, slowly indeed, but uniformly, towards perfection: and there is no reason to doubt, that rhyme in Britain will in time be forc’d to abandon its unjust conquests, and to confine itself within its natural limits.
Having thrown out what occurred upon rhyme, I close the section with a generalobservation. The melody of articulate sound so powerfully inchants the mind, as to draw a vail over very gross faults and imperfections. Of this power a stronger example cannot be given, than the episode of Aristæus, which closes the fourth book of theGeorgics. To renew a stock of bees when the former is lost, Virgil asserts, that they will be produced in the intrails of a bullock, slain and managed in a certain manner. This leads him to say, how this strange receipt was invented; which is as follows. Aristæus having lost his bees by disease and famine, never dreams of employing the ordinary means for obtaining a new stock; but, like a froward child, complains heavily of his misfortune to his mother Cyrene, a water-nymph. She advises him to consult Proteus, a sea-god, not how he was to obtain a new stock, but only by what fatality he had lost his former stock; adding, that violence was necessary, because Proteus would say nothing voluntarily. Aristæus, satisfied with this advice, though it gave him no prospect of repairing his loss, proceeds to execution. Proteus is catched sleeping,bound with cords, and compelled to speak. He declares, that Aristæus was punished with the loss of his bees, for attempting the chastity of Euridice, the wife of Orpheus; she having got her death by the sting of a serpent in flying his embraces. Proteus, whose sullenness ought to have been converted into wrath by the rough treatment he met with, becomes on a sudden courteous and communicative. He gives the whole history of Orpheus’s expedition to hell in order to recover his spouse; a very entertaining story indeed, but without the least relation to the affair on hand. Aristæus returning to his mother, is advised to deprecate by sacrifices the wrath of Orpheus, who was now dead. A bullock is sacrificed, and out of the intrails spring miraculously a swarm of bees. How should this have led any mortal to think, that, without a miracle, the same might be obtained naturally, as is supposed in the receipt?
A list of the different FEET, and of their NAMES.
1.Pyrrhichius, consists of two short syllables. Examples:Deus,given,cannot,hillock,running.2.Spondeus, consists of two long syllables. Ex.omnes,possess,forewarn,mankind,sometime.3.Iambus, composed of a short and a long. Ex.pios,intent,degree,appear,consent,repent,demand,report,suspect,affront,event.4.Trochæus, orChoreus, a long and a short. Ex.fervat,whereby,after,legal,measure,burden,holy,lofty.5.Tribrachys, three short. Ex.melius,property.6.Molossus, three long. Ex.delectant.7.Anapæstus, two short and a long. Ex.animos,condescend,apprehend,overheard,acquiesce,immature,overcharge,serenade,opportune.8.Dactylus, a long and two short. Ex.carmina,evident,excellence,estimate,wonderful,altitude,burdened,minister,tenement.9.Bacchius, a short and two long. Ex.dolores.10.Hyppobacchius, orAntibacchius, two long and a short. Ex.pelluntur.11.Creticus, orAmphimacer, a short syllable betwixt two long. Ex.infito,afternoon.12.Amphibrachys, a long syllable betwixt two short. Ex.honore,consider,imprudent,procedure,attended,proposed,respondent,concurrence,apprentice,respective,revenue.13.Proceleusmaticus, four short syllables. Ex.hominibus,necessary.14.Dispondeus, four long syllables. Ex.infinitis.15.Diiambus, composed of two Iambi. Ex.severitas.16.Ditrochæus, of two Trochæi. Ex.permanere,procurator.17.Ionicus, two short syllables and two long. Ex.properabant.18. Another foot passes under the same name, composed of two long syllables and two short. Ex.calcaribus,possessory.19.Choriambus, two short syllables betwixt two long. Ex.Nobilitas.20.Antispastus, two long syllables betwixt two short. Ex.Alexander.21.Pæon1st, one long syllable and three short. Ex.temporibus,ordinary,inventory,temperament.22.Pæon2d, the second syllable long, and the other three short. Ex.potentia,rapidity,solemnity,minority,considered,imprudently,extravagant,respectfully,accordingly.23.Pæon3d, the third syllable long and the other three short. Ex.animatus,independent,condescendence,sacerdotal,reimbursement,manufacture.24.Pæon4th, the last syllable long and the other three short. Ex.Celeritas.25.Epitritus1st, the first syllable short and the other three long. Ex.voluptates.26.Epitritus2d, the second syllable short and the other three long. Ex.pænitentes.27.Epitritus3d, the third syllable short and the other three long. Ex.discordias.28.Epitritus4th, the last syllable short and the other three long. Ex.fortunatus.29. A word of five syllables composed of a Pyrrhichius and Dactylus. Ex.ministerial.30. A word of five syllables composed of a Trochæus and Dactylus. Ex.singularity.31. A word of five syllables composed of a Dactylus and Trochæus. Ex.precipitation,examination.32. A word of five syllables, the second only long. Ex.necessitated,significancy.33. A word of six syllables composed of two Dactyles. Ex.impetuosity.34. A word of six syllables composed of a Tribrachys and Dactyle. Ex.pusillanimity.
1.Pyrrhichius, consists of two short syllables. Examples:Deus,given,cannot,hillock,running.
2.Spondeus, consists of two long syllables. Ex.omnes,possess,forewarn,mankind,sometime.
3.Iambus, composed of a short and a long. Ex.pios,intent,degree,appear,consent,repent,demand,report,suspect,affront,event.
4.Trochæus, orChoreus, a long and a short. Ex.fervat,whereby,after,legal,measure,burden,holy,lofty.
5.Tribrachys, three short. Ex.melius,property.
6.Molossus, three long. Ex.delectant.
7.Anapæstus, two short and a long. Ex.animos,condescend,apprehend,overheard,acquiesce,immature,overcharge,serenade,opportune.
8.Dactylus, a long and two short. Ex.carmina,evident,excellence,estimate,wonderful,altitude,burdened,minister,tenement.
9.Bacchius, a short and two long. Ex.dolores.
10.Hyppobacchius, orAntibacchius, two long and a short. Ex.pelluntur.
11.Creticus, orAmphimacer, a short syllable betwixt two long. Ex.infito,afternoon.
12.Amphibrachys, a long syllable betwixt two short. Ex.honore,consider,imprudent,procedure,attended,proposed,respondent,concurrence,apprentice,respective,revenue.
13.Proceleusmaticus, four short syllables. Ex.hominibus,necessary.
14.Dispondeus, four long syllables. Ex.infinitis.
15.Diiambus, composed of two Iambi. Ex.severitas.
16.Ditrochæus, of two Trochæi. Ex.permanere,procurator.
17.Ionicus, two short syllables and two long. Ex.properabant.
18. Another foot passes under the same name, composed of two long syllables and two short. Ex.calcaribus,possessory.
19.Choriambus, two short syllables betwixt two long. Ex.Nobilitas.
20.Antispastus, two long syllables betwixt two short. Ex.Alexander.
21.Pæon1st, one long syllable and three short. Ex.temporibus,ordinary,inventory,temperament.
22.Pæon2d, the second syllable long, and the other three short. Ex.potentia,rapidity,solemnity,minority,considered,imprudently,extravagant,respectfully,accordingly.
23.Pæon3d, the third syllable long and the other three short. Ex.animatus,independent,condescendence,sacerdotal,reimbursement,manufacture.
24.Pæon4th, the last syllable long and the other three short. Ex.Celeritas.
25.Epitritus1st, the first syllable short and the other three long. Ex.voluptates.
26.Epitritus2d, the second syllable short and the other three long. Ex.pænitentes.
27.Epitritus3d, the third syllable short and the other three long. Ex.discordias.
28.Epitritus4th, the last syllable short and the other three long. Ex.fortunatus.
29. A word of five syllables composed of a Pyrrhichius and Dactylus. Ex.ministerial.
30. A word of five syllables composed of a Trochæus and Dactylus. Ex.singularity.
31. A word of five syllables composed of a Dactylus and Trochæus. Ex.precipitation,examination.
32. A word of five syllables, the second only long. Ex.necessitated,significancy.
33. A word of six syllables composed of two Dactyles. Ex.impetuosity.
34. A word of six syllables composed of a Tribrachys and Dactyle. Ex.pusillanimity.
N. B.Every word may be considered as a prose foot, because every word is distinguished by a pause; and every foot in verse may be considered as a verse word, composed of syllables pronounced at once without a pause.
End of theSecond Volume.
[The volumes are denoted by numeral letters, the pages by figures.]