FOOTNOTES:

The small Book-stamp of the first Lord Balcarres.The small Book-stamp of the first Lord Balcarres.

The library of Sir David Lindsay, Lord Balcarres, continued at the family seat on the shores of the Firth of Forth until comparatively recent times. Sibbald in 1710 mentions the 'great bibliothek' at Balcarres. In Sibbald's time the owner, Colin, third Earl of Balcarres, had added many books to the library, and spent the evening of his days in the pursuit of letters. When Lady Balcarres, great-grandmother of the present Earl of Crawford, left Fife and removed to Edinburgh, whilst her son was in the West Indies, the greater portion of the library was literally thrown away and dispersed—torn up for grocers as useless trash, by her permission. Of the library collected by generations of Lindsays, all that now remains is a handful of little over fifty volumes. The books of David Lindsay, first Lord Balcarres, who died in 1641, are recognisable from his signature, and on many of them his arms are impressed in gold on the sides.

Of the present library at Haigh, the nucleus of it may be said to be the books inherited by the grandfather of the present Earl, whose wife was the heiress of the first Baron Muncaster. These Muncaster books, although not of the greatest value, formed a basis on which the late Earl of Crawford, who was born in 1812, built up the present library, which will be always associated with his memory. When a boy he was fired with enthusiasm for books, and determinedto form a great library in which every branch of human knowledge in every language should have a place. He began collecting about 1826, shortly after going to Eton, and continued most assiduously to gather of all that was best until his death in 1880. His success may be judged in some measure by the remarkable collections dispersed in 1887 and 1889, which together consistedof three thousand two hundred and fifty-four lots, and realised twenty-six thousand three hundred and ninety-seven pounds, fourteen shillings. Family burdens rendered it needful for the present possessor of the library to put his hands on some available assets, and this necessity coming at a period of great commercial depression, a portion of the literary treasures unfortunately suffered. But the work was again renewed, and the present state of the library will not compare ignobly with its past. The number of manuscripts is very considerable, probably about six thousand, not a few of which are of the greatest interest and value, many of them having covers of the precious metals or carved ivory, enriched with gems and crystals. There are also many papyri, a great number of Oriental manuscripts, collections of French autograph letters of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods, and of English autograph letters. The printed books amount to about one hundred thousand, and among them are to be found several block-books and a large number of incunabula, including books printed by Caxton, Machlinia, Wynkyn de Worde, Pynson, Rood, and other early English printers. The library is particularly rich in the productions of the early Italian presses, especially those of Rome and Venice; and it also contains a fine collection of rare works on the languages of Northand South America, many of them printed in Mexico and Lima, and a series of books printed in Aberdeen from 1622 to 1736. Of other printed matter there are collections of broadside ballads; broadside proclamations illustrative of English, French, Dutch, German and Italian history; a long series of Papal Bulls; early English newspapers from 1631 to the Restoration; Civil War tracts; tracts by, for and against Martin Luther; newspapers and periodicals published during the various French revolutions; and a large number of caricatures issued in France and Germany during the Second Empire and the Commune.

The large Book-stamp of the first Lord Balcarres.The large Book-stamp of the first Lord Balcarres.

It is not an easy task to pick out the choicest gems from the abundant treasures of this splendid collection, but the following are a few of the most interesting and valuable of the manuscripts:

A Legal Instrument of Donation from Johannes, the Primicerius, or Captain of a company of soldiers, to the Church of Ravenna; written on papyrus, probably aboutA.D.580-600, at Ravenna. Five feet four inches long by eleven and a half inches broad.

The Four Gospels in Syriac, in the original Peshitto version, written on vellum about 550.

St. Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage,Epistolæ et Opuscula, written in the seventh or eighth century in rude Merovingian characters, often mixed with uncial letters. One of the oldestmanuscripts in existence of this Father of the Church.

The Four Gospels in Latin, written about 850.

A Textus or Book of the Gospels, probably written at the Benedictine monastery of St. Gall, Switzerland, in the ninth or tenth century. In the centre of the upper cover, which is intended to be used as a pax at Mass, is an ivory panel of the Crucifixion, with figures of the Virgin Mary and St. John the Evangelist. The border is of gilt copper engraved with a floriated pattern, and studded with silver bosses and jewels; at the corners are Limoges enamel plaques with the four Evangelists. The ivory carving is of the tenth or eleventh century, the border early thirteenth.

The New Testament in Syriac: the Gospels of the Peshitto version, and the remaining books of the Heraclean version, written about 1000. Remarkable as being the only complete Syriac New Testament of any antiquity in any library in Europe.

The Old Testament in Latin, written by a German scribe in the eleventh century. The upper cover consists of a carved ivory panel of the thirteenth century, with a border of silver gilt, decorated with filigree work and figures inrepoussé, and enriched with crystalsen cabochon.

St. Beatus,Commentarius in Apocalypsim, written in Spain about 1150; with one hundredand ten very large miniatures and a circular map of the world.

Bible Historiée, executed in the south of France about 1250; a series of full-page paintings on a background of burnished gold, representing scenes from the Book of Genesis.

Psalterium, written in Paris about 1260. This volume belonged at one time to Joan of Navarre, Queen Consort of HenryIV., King of England, whose autograph is on one of the blank leaves.

Roman de la Rose, written for, and presented to, Christina de Lindesay, Dame de Coucy, 1323.

Rime di Petrarca et Cançoni di Dante.One of the most important manuscripts of the two poets, written during the lifetime of Petrarch, or immediately after his death, by Paul the Scribe for Lorenzo, the son of Carlo degli Strozzi, a member of one of the noblest families of Florence.

Lydgate'sSiege of Troy, probably written for William Carent, of Carent's Court, in the Isle of Purbeck, about 1420. The volume has illuminated borders and seventy miniatures, and bears the arms of Carent at the end.

Missale Romanum, six volumes folio, written on vellum in 1510-17 for Cardinal Pompeo Colonna. The tradition handed down by the family was that the large full-page illuminations with which the manuscript is adorned were executed by Raphael about the year 1517, when the owner was made a cardinal; and there isno doubt that, if not actually by his hand, the work was done by his followers under his supervision. In all probability, we may say that the large miniatures are painted by Timoteo Viti, and the illuminations and arabesques by Litti di Filippo de' Corbizi.[103]

Some of the more notable of the incunabula are two block-books—the first Dutch edition of theSpeculum Humanæ Salvationis, and a copy of theArs Memorativaprinted before 1474-75. Cicero,Officiorum libri tres, printed at Mentz by Fust and Schoeffer in 1465. Lactantius,Opera, printed in the Monastery of Subiaco, near Rome, by Sweynheym and Pannartz in 1465. Higden'sPolychroniconand theBoke of Eneydos, printed by Caxton in 1482 and 1490. TheChronicles of Englandand theSpeculum Christiani, printed by Machlinia. Lyndewode,Constitutiones provinciales ecclesiæ anglicanæ, printed at Oxford by Rood and Hunte in 1483-85. TheCroniclis of Englōde with the frute of timis, from the St. Albans press.

Among other books of later dates deserving of special notice may be mentioned—Vespucci,Paesi novamente retrovati, Vicenza, 1507. The first and very rare edition of the celebrated Thesis of Luther against the system of indulgences, which he affixed to the gate of the University of Wittemberg, 1517.Huon of Bordeaux, printedby Wynkyn de Worde about 1534—believed to be unique. Archbishop Parker'sDe Antiquitate Britannicæ Ecclesiæ, London, 1572. A magnificent set of De Bry'sGrands et Petits Voyages, in one hundred and eighty-two volumes, 1590-1644. A Booke containing all such Proclamations as were published during the Raigne of Elizabeth (and JamesI.); collected by Humphrey Dyson, London, 1618. The first and second Shakespeare folios. Three copies of the first edition of Milton'sParadise Lost, with the first, third and fourth title-pages.

The immense collection of broadsides forms one of the most remarkable features of this magnificent library. In volume iv. p. 201 of theTransactions of the Bibliographical Society, published in 1898, Lord Crawford informs us that 'in the last fourteen or fifteen years he had managed to collect something like nineteen thousand of them, including English, French, German and Venetian Proclamations (3000), Papal Bulls (11,000) and English Ballads (3000).' Among them are several very rare indulgences printed by Wynkyn de Worde and Pynson, and a large number of proclamations and ballads of special interest and value, far too numerous to mention.

The present Earl of Crawford, who is a Trustee of the British Museum, President of the Camden Society, a Fellow of the Royal Society and theSociety of Antiquaries, and who was formerly President of the Royal Astronomical Society, has printed catalogues of the English broadsides and ballads, and of the Chinese books and manuscripts in his collection, together with hand-lists to the Oriental manuscripts, the early editions of the Greek and Latin writers, and the proclamations issued by authority of the kings and queens of Great Britain and Ireland. He has also printed collations and notes of some of the rare books in the library.

FOOTNOTES:[101]Mainly contributed by Mr. J.P. Edmond, Librarian to Lord Crawford.[102]Lord Crawford's Seat, near Wigan.[103]Since the above was printed it has been announced that Lord Crawford'sMSS.have become by purchase the property of Mrs. Rylands of Manchester.

[101]Mainly contributed by Mr. J.P. Edmond, Librarian to Lord Crawford.

[102]Lord Crawford's Seat, near Wigan.

[103]Since the above was printed it has been announced that Lord Crawford'sMSS.have become by purchase the property of Mrs. Rylands of Manchester.

Mr. Henry Huth, who was born in London in 1815, was the third son of Mr. Frederick Huth of Hanover, who settled at Corunna, in Spain; but on the occupation of that town by the French in 1809 he came to England, where he became a naturalised British subject, and founded the well-known firm which is still carried on by his descendants. Mr. Henry Huth, we are informed in the preface to the Catalogue of the Huth Library, written by his son, Mr. Alfred Henry Huth, was intended for the Indian Civil Service, and was sent to Mr. Rusden's school at Leith Hill in Surrey, where he 'learned Greek, Latin, and French (Spanish was his mother-tongue), and had also got well on with Hindustani, Persian,and Arabic'; but in 1833, the East India Company having lost their Charter, his father removed him from the school and took him into his business. Office-work proving distasteful to him, he travelled for some years on the Continent and in America, rejoining his father's firm as partner in 1849. From his early years Mr. Henry Huth had been a collector of books, and on his return home he set energetically to work to form that splendid library which ranks among the finest in England, and which has been carefully preserved and augmented by his son, Mr. Alfred Henry Huth. Mr. Henry Huth gave commissions at most of the important book-sales, and we are told that 'he called daily at all the principal booksellers on his way back from the city, a habit which he continued up to the day of his death.' He was a member of the Philobiblon Society, and in 1867 printed for presentation to the members a volume ofAncient Ballads and Broadsides published in England in the Sixteenth Century, reprinted from the unique original copies he had bought at the Daniel sale. He was also a member of the Roxburghe Club. Mr. Huth died on the 10th of December 1878, and was buried in the churchyard of Bolney, in Sussex. He married Augusta Louisa Sophia, third daughter of Frederick Westenholz of Waldenstein Castle, in Austria, by whom he had three sons and three daughters.

Among the treasures in Mr. Huth's libraryare block-books of theArs Moriendi,Ars Memorandi, and theApocalypse; the superb copy of the Gutenberg Bible which was formerly in the libraries of Sir M. Masterman Sykes and Mr. Henry Perkins; two copies of the Fust and Schoeffer Bible of 1462, one on vellum; and a particularly fine copy of St. Augustine'sDe Civitate Dei, printed at Rome in 1468. The collection also comprises several of the pre-Reformation German Bibles; the first edition of Luther's Bible; the Coverdale Bible of 1535, and the Icelandic Bible printed at Holum in 1584; together with upwards of one hundred other Bibles, a large number of New Testaments, and various portions of the Scriptures in all languages.

In books from the presses of Caxton and other early English printers the library is remarkably rich. It contains no less than twelve Caxtons; about fifty Wynkyn de Wordes, of which several are unique; sixteen Pynsons, and a Machlinia. A vellum copy—the only one known—of theFructus Temporum, printed at St. Albans about 1483; and theExposicio Sancti Jeronimi in Symbolum Apostolorum, printed at Oxford, and bearing the date 1468 (a typographical error for 1478), are also found on its shelves.

Among the books printed by Caxton are the first editions ofThe Dictes or Sayings of thePhilosophers, Chaucer'sCanterbury Tales,Tully of Old Age, Gower'sConfessio Amantis, and Christine de Pisan'sFayts of Arms.

The books from the presses of foreign printers are both numerous and fine. Some of the most notable examples are the Dantes of Foligno and Mantua, both printed in the year 1472; the first edition of Homer, printed at Venice in 1488; a magnificent copy on thick paper, with the original binding, of thePoliphili Hypnerotomachia, printed by Aldus at Venice in 1499; the Aldine Virgil of 1501, with the book-plate of Bilibald Pirkheimer; and two copies of theTewrdannck, one on vellum, printed at Nuremberg in 1517. There is also a copy of the first edition ofDon Quixote, with the Privilege only for Madrid.

Few collections are richer than the Huth Library in old English poetry and dramatic literature. It contains the first four folio Shakespeares, and a goodly gathering of quarto plays, many of which were acquired at the Daniel sale in 1864. Among them are the first editions ofRichard II.andRichard III., printed in 1597;Henry V.,Much Ado about Nothing,Midsummer Night's Dream, and theMerchant of Venice, all printed in 1600; the first sketch ofThe Merry Wives of Windsor, printed in 1602; the second edition ofHamlet, printed in 1604; and the first editions ofPericles, printed in 1609, andOthello, printed in 1622. Other rare Shakespeareana arethe first editions ofLucrece, theSonnets, and thePoems, printed respectively in 1594, 1609, and 1640. It is only possible to mention a few of the rare English books in this grand library; but theHundred Merry Tales, published by Rastell about 1525; the unique copy of Munday'sBanquet of Daintie Conceits, printed in 1588; a first folio of Ben Jonson'sWorkson large paper, of which only one other copy is known in that state, and a perfect set of the editions of Walton'sCompleat Anglerfrom 1653 to 1760, cannot be passed over without notice. The unique collection of Elizabethan ballads, to which reference has already been made, would be considered a great treasure in any library. The collection of Voyages and Travels is believed to be the richest private one in Europe. It comprises the early letters of Columbus and Vesputius, and perfect editions of De Bry, Hulsius, Hakluyt, Purchas, etc., together with the voyages of Cortes, Drake, and other famous travellers.

The fine and large collection of manuscripts contains many choice and interesting examples. Several beautifully written Bibles, and a number of Books of Hours are to be found in it. Some of the latter are most charmingly illuminated; two of them, written in the fifteenth century, of Flemish execution, are especially good. One of these contains the coats of arms of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, and Isabella his wife.There are also three handsomely illuminated Petrarchs, and a remarkable manuscript on vellum in four volumes, with very beautiful illustrations of beasts, birds, fish, and insects, painted by George Hoefnagel for the Emperor RudolphII.A collection of Madrigals for three voices, the words by John Milton, Thomas Tompkins, and others, is of especial interest, for Mr. A.H. Huth informs us that several of the songs by Milton in it have never been published, and that he composed some of the music.

The library also contains a considerable number of interesting letters, and a very fine collection of engravings; the series by Albert Dürer being nearly complete. A somewhat recent addition to the collection is 'a proof set before numbers of the engravings to the Landino Dante of 1481, by Baccio Baldini, after the designs of Botticelli, and separately printed on slips.'[104]

Many of the volumes once formed part of the libraries of Grolier, Maioli, Canevari, Diana of Poitiers, HenryIV.of France, De Thou, Count Mansfeld, LouisXIII., and other celebrated collectors, and bear on their covers the arms or devices of their former owners. There are fine examples of the work of all the great binders, and many books bound in silver, needlework, etc.

The admirable catalogue of the library in five volumes was compiled by Mr. F.S. Ellis and Mr. W.C. Hazlitt, and partly revised by Mr. Henry Huth himself.

FOOTNOTES:[104]Account of additions to the Huth Library, by Mr. A.H. Huth, in Mr. Quaritch'sDictionary of English Book-Collectors.

[104]Account of additions to the Huth Library, by Mr. A.H. Huth, in Mr. Quaritch'sDictionary of English Book-Collectors.

Mr. Robert Samuel Turner was born in 1818. Although engaged in commercial affairs from his youth he was a most enthusiastic book-collector, and at a very early age began to form that noble library, with which only a few collections of his time could vie in value, extent or condition. Mr. Turner principally directed his attention to the acquisition of rare Italian, French and Spanish books. His English books were not numerous, and there were but few German ones in the collection, but some of them were of much interest. He possessed one of the finest copies in existence of the first folio of Shakespeare's Plays, and an exceptionally good example of theTewrdannck. He always endeavoured to obtain the best and choicest copies possible, and many of them, especially the French volumes, were clothed in beautiful bindings, bearing the arms or devices of Grolier, Maioli, Diana of Poitiers, Count Mansfeld, Cosmo de' Medici, Thomas Wotton, Longepierre, Count von Hoym, and other famous collectors. Mr. Turner resided for someyears in Park Square West, Regent's Park, London, but in 1878 he removed to the Albany, Piccadilly. In anticipation of his change of residence he determined to part with a portion of his collection of French books, and on the valuation of the late M. Potier, of Paris, he offered it to an eminent French amateuren blocfor four thousand pounds. This offer was declined, and he sent the books to Paris to be sold by auction. The sale took place at the Salle Drouot on the 12th of March 1878, and the four following days, when the lots, seven hundred and seventy-four in number, realised three hundred and nineteen thousand one hundred francs—considerably more than three times the sum Mr. Turner was willing to take for them. After his death, which occurred at Brighton on the 7th of June 1887, the remainder of his library was disposed of in two sales by Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson and Hodge: the first on June 18th, 1888, and the eleven following days, and the second on November 23rd, 1888, and the thirteen following days. They realised respectively thirteen thousand three hundred and seventy pounds, thirteen shillings, and two thousand eight hundred and seventy-four pounds, seventeen shillings and sixpence. The prices obtained for the books, especially at the French sale, were very high. A dedication copy to Mademoiselle de Montpensier, with the signature of Charles de Lorraine on thetitle-page, ofRecueil des Portraits et Éloges en vers et en prose (de personnages du temps par Mademoiselle de Montpensier et autres), Paris, 1659, with a morocco binding of the seventeenth century, ornamented withfleurs-de-lis, fetched fourteen thousand francs; La Fontaine'sFables Choisies, five volumes, Paris, 1678, 1679 and 1694, bound by Boyet, eleven thousand nine hundred and fifty francs;Les Fais de Jason, par Raoul Le Febvre, printed at Lyons about 1480, seven thousand six hundred francs;Le Livre appelle Mandeville, Lyon, 1480, six thousand two hundred and fifty francs;Les [OE]uvres de Guillaume Coquillant, Paris, 1532, five thousand four hundred and fifty francs; andLes [OE]uvres de Molière, eight volumes, Paris, 1739, with additional plates, five thousand francs. Among the books at the English sales the exceptionally fine and large copies of theTewrdannck, Nuremberg, 1517, and the AldinePoliphili Hypnerotomachia, sold respectively for two hundred and fifty pounds and one hundred and thirty-seven pounds; a copy ofPaesi Novamente Retrovati, Vicentia, 1507, with the title in facsimile, for one hundred and eighty-six pounds; and Shakespeare'sPoems, 1640, for one hundred and six pounds. The first folio of Shakespeare Mr. Turner sold privately to an American collector. A Grolier binding realised three thousand francs; another binding with the devices of Dianaof Poitiers, four thousand four hundred francs; a book from the library of Longepierre, two thousand five hundred francs; two sets of volumes withdoubluresby Boyet, respectively four thousand francs and three thousand nine hundred francs; and Rogers'sItaly and Poems, with beautiful bindings by Bedford, sixty-one pounds.

Mr. Turner was an accomplished linguist, and he possessed a wide and accurate knowledge of the literary history and bibliography of France, Italy and Spain. He was also a collector of rare and beautiful bindings before the interest and value of these works of art were generally appreciated.

Mr. Locker Lampson.Mr. Locker Lampson.

Mr. Frederick Locker, the author ofLondon Lyricsand other volumes of delightful light and social verse, was born in 1821. His father was Mr. E.H. Locker, a Civil Commissioner of Greenwich Hospital, and founder of the Naval Gallery there. For some years Mr. Locker was Précis Writer in the Admiralty. He was twice married: first in 1850 to Lady Charlotte Christian, a daughter of the seventh Earl of Elgin, and secondly in 1874 to Hannah Jane,a daughter of the late Sir Curtis Miranda Lampson, Bart., of Rowfant, Sussex. On the death of his father-in-law in 1885 he added the name of Lampson to his own. He died at Rowfant on May the 30th, 1895.

One of Mr. Locker-Lampson's Book-plates.One of Mr. Locker-Lampson's Book-plates.

Mr. Locker-Lampson tells us in his interesting autobiography entitledMy Confidences, that he first collected pictures and rare sixteenth century engravings, but collectors with longpurses outbid him, so he turned to old books: 'little volumes of poetry and the drama from about 1590 to 1610.' These formed the nucleus of his collection, which soon grew wide enough to include Caxtons and the works of the poets of the last century. Rare editions of Sidney, Spenser, Churchyard, Middleton, Herbert, Herrick, Dekker, Chapman, and many other writers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, are to be found in it, and Shakespeare is splendidly represented by a perfect copy of the first folio, the first editions ofLucrece, theSonnetsand thePoems, and a large number—some thirty in all—of the quarto plays, many of which are the original editions. Mr. Locker-Lampson's folio wanted Ben Jonson's verses, and he gives an amusing account inMy Confidencesof an unsuccessful attempt to purchase a copy of them from a Mr. Dene, who possessed an imperfect first folio. He ultimately bought the precious leaf, which had been pasted in a scrap-book, for one hundred pounds, and so completed his copy. The library is also very rich in first editions of Byron, Tennyson, Browning, and other English poets of recent times, many of the volumes containing autograph inscriptions to Mr. Locker-Lampson himself. Mr. Locker-Lampson placed his library, together with his collections of autograph letters, pictures and drawings, in his residence at Rowfant, the beautiful home which he and his wifeinherited from the lady's father; and a handsome catalogue of them published in 1886 by Mr. Quaritch, with an introduction by their owner, tells us of the treasures they contain. An etched portrait of Mr. Locker-Lampson and a sketch of his study are inserted in the volume, and Mr. Andrew Lang has prefixed some charming lines descriptive of the library:—

'The Rowfant books, how fair they show,The Quarto quaint, the Aldine tall;Print, autograph, Portfolio!Back from the outer air they callThe athletes from the Tennis ball,The Rhymer from his rod and hooks;Would I could sing them, one and all,The Rowfant books!The Rowfant books! In sun and snowThey're dear, but most when tempests fall;The folio towers above the rowAs once, o'er minor prophets—Saul!What jolly jest books, and what small"Dear dumpy Twelves" to fill the nooks.You do not find in every stallThe Rowfant books!The Rowfant books! These long agoWere chained within some College hall;These manuscripts retain the glowOf many a coloured capital;While yet the Satires keep their gall,While thePastissierpuzzles cooks,There is a joy that does not pall,The Rowfant books!

Envoy.The Rowfant books,—ah magicalAs famed Armida's golden looks.They hold the Rhymer for their thrall—The Rowfant books!'

In 1900 was published an Appendix to the Catalogue, the work of Mr. Frederick Locker-Lampson's son, Mr. Godfrey Locker-Lampson, consisting of additions to the library since the printing of the Catalogue in 1886, to which Mr. Andrew Lang again contributed some verses:—

'How often to the worthy SireSucceeds th' unworthy son!Extinguished is the ancient fire,Books were the idols of the Squire,The graceless heir has none.To Sotheby's go both old and new,Bindings, and prose, and rhymes,With Shakespeare as with PadeloupThe sportive lord has naught to do,HereadsThe Sporting Times.Behold a special act of grace,On Rowfant shelves behold,The well-loved honours keep their place,And new-won glories half effaceThe splendours of the old.'

The volume also contains verses by Mr. Austin Dobson, the Earl of Crewe, and Mr. Wilfrid Blunt.

William Morris, the poet, art-designer, and manufacturer, was born at Elm House, Clay Hill, Walthamstow, Essex, on the 24th of March 1834. His father William Morris, a partner in the firm of Sanderson and Co., discount brokers, London, died in 1847, leaving him a considerable fortune. Young Morris was first educated at a preparatory school at Walthamstow, and afterwards at Marlborough, from whence he proceeded to Exeter College, Oxford. On leaving the University he wished to become a painter, but his studies were not sufficiently successful to warrant him carrying out his intention. He also paid some attention to the study of architecture. In 1858 he published a small volume entitledThe Defence of Guenevere and other Poems, which received but little notice at the time; butThe Life and Death of Jason, published in 1867, attracted general attention, and his reputation was further greatly increased byThe Earthly Paradise, a poem in four volumes, which appeared in 1868-70. From that period until the time of his death Mr. Morris published a considerable number of other works, and, in collaboration with Mr. Eirikr Magnusson, some translations from the Icelandic. In 1863, in conjunction with D.G. Rossetti, E. Burne-Jones, and Ford Madox Brown, he established a factory for the production of artistic glass, tiles,wall-paper, etc., which has greatly contributed to the improvement of household decoration in England. A large number of the designs were the work of Mr. Morris himself, his leisure hours being devoted to literature, and it has been said of him 'that his poems were by Morris the wall-paper maker, and his wall-papers by Morris the poet.'

In 1891 Morris established a printing-press near his residence, Kelmscott House, on the Upper Mall, Hammersmith, from which he issued a series of beautiful and sumptuous reprints, principally of old books, with ornamentations by himself, and illustrations chiefly by Sir E. Burne-Jones. Of these reprints, which at the present time fetch large prices, that ofChaucer's Poemsis considered the finest. In 1898 the trustees of Mr. Morris published 'A Note on his aims in founding the Kelmscott Press. Together with a short description of the Press by C.S. Cockerell, and an annotated list of the books printed thereat.' The list gives fifty-three works in sixty-three volumes and nine leaflets. This was the last book printed at the Kelmscott Press. It was finished at No. 14 Upper Mall, Hammersmith, on the 4th of March 1898. In it the aims of Morris in founding the Press are given in his own words. 'I began printing books,' he writes, 'with the hope of producing some which would have a definiteclaim to beauty, while at the same time they should be easy to read, and should not dazzle the eye, or trouble the intellect of the reader by eccentricity of form in the letters.' Mr. Morris, who died at Kelmscott House on the 3rd of October 1896, collected a fine and extensive library, which passed into the hands of a Manchester collector for, it is said, the sum of twenty thousand pounds. The purchaser, after selecting the books he required—about half of theMSS. and one-third of the printed books—sent the others to Sotheby, Wilkinson and Hodge, by whom they were sold on December 5th, 1898, and five following days. There were twelve hundred and fifteen lots in the sale, and the sum obtained for them was ten thousand nine hundred and ninety-two pounds, eleven shillings. All the books realised good prices, but the manuscripts were of greater interest and value than the printed volumes. The following are a few of the principal manuscripts, and the prices they fetched:—Testamentum Novum Latinum, Sæc. xii., vellum, handsomely illuminated, two hundred and twenty-five pounds; Hegesippus,De Excidio Judæorum, Sæc. xii., vellum, in the original Winchester binding, one hundred and eighty pounds;Biblia Sacra Latina, written on vellum about 1280, with handsomely painted initials, one hundred and thirty-nine pounds;Biblia Sacra Latina, vellum, written about 1300by an Anglo-Norman scribe, with finely illuminated initials, three hundred and two pounds;Josephi Antiquitates Judaicæ et de Bello Judaico Libri, written on vellum by a French scribe in the thirteenth century, and beautifully illuminated, three hundred and five pounds;Missale Anglicanum, called the Sherbrooke Missal on account of it having belonged to the Sherbrooke family of Oxton, County Notts, a member of the family having inscribed his name in it about 1600; it was written in the fourteenth century on vellum, and has illuminated capitals and fine marginal decorations, three hundred and fifty pounds; Gratianus,Decretales, Sæc. xiv., vellum, with finely painted and illuminated initials, two hundred and fifty-five pounds; Virgilius Maro,Georgica et Æneis, written on vellum at the end of the fourteenth or beginning of the fifteenth century by an Italian scribe, with beautiful illuminated decorations, one hundred and sixty-four pounds; andLegenda Sanctæ Catherinæ de Senis, Sæc. xv., vellum, handsomely illuminated, one hundred and forty-nine pounds.

Some of the more notable printed books were:—S. Hieronymi Epistolæ, printed by Sweynheym and Pannartz at Rome in 1468, fifty-three pounds;Speculum Humanæ Salvationis Latino-Germanicum, printed by G. Zainer at Augsburg about 1471, one hundred pounds;Ptolomæi Cosmographia, Ulmæ, 1486, ninety-onepounds;Dives and Pauper, printed by Pynson in 1493, fifty-five pounds; Higden'sPolicronicon, 1495,Thordinary of Crysten Men, 1502, andThe Orcharde of Syon, 1519, all from the press of Wynkyn de Worde, realised respectively thirty-eight pounds, fifty pounds, and one hundred and fifty-one pounds;Hystoire du Chevallier Perceval le Galloys, Paris, 1530, seventy-nine pounds;Epistole et Evangelii et Letioni Vulgari in lingua Thoscana, Firenze, 1551, eighty-nine pounds; and theHistorie of the four Sonnes of Aimon, printed by William Copland in 1554, eighty-one pounds. Among the manuscripts retained were a twelfth-century English Bestiary, for which Mr. Morris gave nine hundred pounds; the 'Windmill' Psalter, written about 1270, which cost him upwards of a thousand pounds; the Huntingdon Psalter, and the Tiptoft Missal.

B. (Baker).B.& L. (Baker and Leigh).C. (Christie).C. & M. (Christie and Manson).C.M. & W. (Christie, Manson and Woods).E. (Evans).L. & S. (Leigh and Sotheby).L.S. & Son (Leigh, Sotheby and Son).P. & S. (Puttick and Simpson).S. (Sotheby).S. & S. (Sotheby and Son).S. & W. (Sotheby and Wilkinson).S.W. & H. (Sotheby, Wilkinson and Hodge).

Adair, James. -1798.2 parts. L. & S. Nov., Dec. 1798. 8 days. £1815.Addington, Samuel.Autographs. S.W. & H. April 1876. 3 days. £2151.Library. S.W. & H. May 1886. 2 days. £3522.Akers, Edmund Fleming.2 parts. S. [March], April 1820. 21 days. £3729.Alexander, William. 1767-1816.S. Nov. 1816. 6 days. £1380.Allen, Thomas.2 parts. L. & S. June 1795, 1799. 19 days. £5737.Ashburnham, Earl of.See page 384.Ashburton, Lord.S.W. & H. July 1896. (Selection from French Library, with duplicates ofLord Crawford.) 4 days. £1870.S.W. & H. Nov. 1900. 4 days. £6256.Askew, Anthony, M.D. 1722-1774.See page 220.Astle, Edward.2 parts. E. Jan. [1816], March [1817].Part I. 2 days. £2366.Atkinson, Henry John Farmer.See Farmer-Atkinson.Auchinleck, Lord.(Auchinleck Library.) S.W. & H. June 1893. 3 days. £2525.Aylesford, Earl of.C.M. & W. March 1888. 9 days. £10,574.Bacon, Thomas Sclater.Cock (London). March 1737. 76 evenings.Baker, George. 1747-1811.S. June 1825. 3 days. £1468.Baker, James.Autographs. S. & W. May 1855. 1 day. £278.Library. S. & W. May 1855. 2 days. £2336.Balme, Rev. Edward.E. March 1823. 5 days. £1540.Bandinel, Bulkeley, D.D. 1781-1861.2 parts. S. & W. Aug., Dec. 1861. 8 days. £2885.Baskerfield, Thomas.S. Nov. 1817. 7 days. £1426.Bateman Heirlooms.S.W. & H. May 1893. 6 days. £7296.Baylis, Sir Robert.B. Nov.-Dec. 1749. 12 days.Beckford, William. 1759-1844.See page 318.Bedford, Charles.L. & S. March 1807. 6 days. £1648.Bedford, Francis. 1799-1883.S.W. & H. March 1884. 5 days. £4876.Bentham, William.E. March-April 1838. 11 days. £3090.Benzon, ErnestL.S.S.W. & H. May 1875. 2 days. £3622.Beresford-Hope, Right Hon. Alexander James Beresford, 1820-1887.2 parts. S.W. & H. March 1882, June 1888. 9 days. £5148. (includingengravings and drawings).Bernal, Ralph. -1854.S. & W. Feb. 1855. 6 days. £5273.Bernard, Charles. 1650-1711.Sold at the Black-Boy Coffeehouse (London). March 1711.Bernard, Dr. Francis. 1627-1698.See page 112.Berwick, Lord. 1770-1832.S. July 1817. 3 days. £1180.Berwick, Lord. 1773-1842.S. & W. April-May 1843. 13 days. £6726.Betham, Sir William. 1779-1853.MSS. S. & W. May 1860. 1 day. £2194.Bindley, James. 1737-1818.See page 246.Blandford, Marquess of.See Marlborough, Duke of.Blew, Rev. William J.S.W. & H. June 1895. 3 days. £2220.Bliss, Rev. Philip. 1787-1857.Books, 2 parts. S. & W. June-July, Aug. 1858. 25 days. £5057.Autographs and MSS. S. & W. Aug. 1858. 1 day. £614.Blood, Bindon. -1855.2 parts. S. & W. July, Aug. 1856. 13 days. £2530.Bolland, Sir William. 1772-1840.E. Nov.-Dec. 1840. 13 days. £3019.Boswell, James. 1778-1822.S. May-June 1825. 10 days. £1753.Boucher, Rev. Jonathan. 1737-1804.3 parts. L. & S. Feb.-March, April 1806;May-June 1809. 40 days. £4509.Brabourne, Lord.2 parts. S.W. & H. May 1891. P. & S. June 1893. 7 days. £3100.Bragge, William. 1823-1884.MSS. S.W. & H. [Anon.]. June 1876. 4 days. £12,272.Books. 2 parts. S. W. & H. Nov. 1880 and June 1882. 5 days. £2146.Brand, Rev. John. 1744-1806.See page 276.Bridges, John. 1666-1724.See page 157.[Bridgewater, Duke of.] 1736-1803.Duplicates, 3 parts. King (London). Aug. 1800, April, June 1802. 11 days.Part II. 2 days. £210.Bright, Benjamin Heywood.4 parts. S. & W. June 1844, March-April, July 1845. 32 days. £11,086.Bristol, Earl of. -1676.See page 106.Britton, Thomas. 1654-1714.2 parts. John Bullord. Nov. [1694]. Thomas Ballard. Jan. 1715.Broadley, John.Part I. E. July 1832. 3 days. £2052Part II. E. June 1833 (with another). 5 days. £3510.Brockett, John Trotter.2 parts. S. Dec. 1823, June 1843. 22 days.Part I. 14 days. £4259.Brodrick, Hon. Charles, Archbishop of Cashel. 1761-1822.Books. S. June 1825. 5 days. £847.MSS. S. [Anon.]. June 1825. 7 days.Bruton, H.W.(Cruikshankiana.) S.W. & H. June 1897. 3 days. £2519.[Bryant, W.]King and Lochée. Feb. 1800. 8 days. £2566.Buccleuch, Duke of.Duplicates and other books. S.W. & H. March 1889. 3 days. £3705.Buckingham, Duke of.(Stowe Library.) See page 342.Buckley, Rev. William Edward.2 parts. S.W. & H. Feb.-March 1893, April 1894. 22 days. £9420.Bunbury, Sir Edward Herbert.S.W. & H. July 1891. 5 days. £2965.Burgess, Frederick.S.W. & H. May-June 1894. 4 days. £1558.Burghley, William Cecil, Lord. 1520-1598.See page 39.Burney, Charles, Mus. Doc. 1726-1814.L. & S. June 1814. 9 days. £1414.Burney, Charles, D.D. 1757-1817.See page 308.Bute, Earl of. 1713-1792.Duplicates. L. & S. [Anon.]. May-June 1785. 18 days. £843.Library. L. & S. May 1794. 10 days. £3470.Butler, Charles. 1750-1832.E. Dec. 1832. 6 days. £1014.Butler, Samuel, Bishop of Lichfield. 1774-1839.2 parts. C. & M. March-June 1840. 15 days.Part 3 was not sold, although catalogued; the books being purchasedby Payne and Foss, and the MSS. and autographs by the British Museum.Cæsar, Sir Julius. 1558-1636.MSS. Paterson. Dec. 1757. 3 evenings. £356.Caldecott, Thomas. 1743-1833.S. Dec. 1833. 6 days. £1210.Caley, John. 1763-1834.E. July 1834. 9 days. £2620.Campbell, Hon. Alexander Hume.B. April 1757. 9 days. £867.Chalmers, Alexander. 1759-1834.S. & S. March 1835. 11 days. £1880.Chalmers, George. 1742-1825.3 parts. E. Sept.-Oct. 1841, March-Nov. 1842. 23 days. £6189.[Charlemont, Earl of.] 1775-1863.2 parts. S.W. & H. Aug.-Sept. 1865. 2 days. £4444.A large portion of this library was destroyed by fire at theauctioneers', also the catalogue as printed for the intendedsale in July.[Charlotte, Queen.] 1744-1818.2 parts. C. June-July 1819. 20 days. £4540.Chauncey, Charles, M.D., andNathaniel.L. & S. April-May 1790. 15 days.Cheney, Edward.S.W. & H. June 1886. 5 days. £2216.Chichester, Sir John, Bart.Jeffery. Feb.-March 1812. 19 days.Clanricarde, Earl of.L. & S. Jan. 1809. 5 days. £1103.Clare, Earl of. 1793-1864.2 parts. S.W. & H. April 1866, Jan. 1881. 3 days. £2959.Clarendon, Earl of. 1609-1674.MSS. B. April 1764. 2 days.Clarke, Adam. 1762-1832.2 parts. E. Feb. 1833. S. & S. June 1836. 14 days. £4865.Clarke, Sir Simon H., Bart.C. & M. April 1840. 10 days.Clifford, Lord de.MSS. C. & M. Feb. 1834. 4 days.Cock, Alfred.S.W. & H. July 1898. 3 days. £1564.Cole, Robert.MSS. and autographs. 2 parts. P. & S. July-Aug. 1861, July-Aug. 1867.9 days. £1591.Coleridge, Lord.S.W. & H. May 1896. 5 days. £2845.Collier, John Payne. 1789-1883.S.W. & H. Aug. 1884. 3 days. £2061.Collins, Henry.S.W. & H. April 1883. 4 days. £2699.Comerford, James.S.W. & H. Nov. 1881. 13 days. £8327.Constable, William.(Burton Constable Library.) 2 parts. S.W. & H. June 1889. 6 days. £3093.Corney, Bolton. 1784-1870.S.W. & H. May-June 1871. 10 days. £3539.Corrie, John.S. & W. April 1863. 4 days. £4409.Corser, Rev. Thomas. 1793-1876.See page 374.Cosens, Frederick William.S.W. & H. Nov. 1890. 12 days. £5571.Craig, James Thomson Gibson.See Gibson-Craig.Crampon, Alfred.S.W. & H. June 1896. 2 days. £2492.Craufurd, Rev. C.H.2 parts. S.W. & H. April 1864, July 1876. 6 days. £6517.Crawford, Earl of.See page 402.Crawford, W.H.(Lakelands Library.)S.W. & H. March 1891. 12 days. £21,255.Crofts, Rev. Thomas.Paterson. April-May 1783. 43 days. £3453.Croker, Right Hon. John Wilson. 1780-1857.Autographs. S. & W. May 1858. 2 days. £1099.Library. S.W. & H. Jan. 1882. 1 day. £136.Crossley, James. 1800-1883.3 parts. Thompson and Son (Manchester). May 1884. S.W. & H. July 1884,June 1885. 23 days. £8296.Currer, Mary Richardson.S. & W. July-Aug. 1862. 10 days. £5984.Curry, James, M.D.S. March-April 1820. 10 days. £1918.Daly, Right Hon. Denis. 1747-1791.James Vallance (Dublin). May 1792. £3700.Daly, Robert, Bishop of Cashel, Emly, Waterford, and Lismore. 1783-1872.2 parts. S. & W. [Anon.]. June 1858. S.W. & H. July 1872. 5 days. £2618.Daniel, George. 1789-1864.See page 360.Dasent, Sir George Webbe.PartI.S.W. & H. April 1895. 2 days. £803.PartII.S.W. & H. March 1897. (With another.) 2 days. £728.Davis, Henry Newnham.S.W. & H. Nov. 1900. 2 days. £4168.Dent, John. 1750?-1826.See page 278.Digby, Sir Kenelm. 1603-1665.See page 106.Dillon, John.Books. S.W. & H. June 1869. 3 days. £2349.Autographs and MSS. S.W. & H. June 1869. 5 days. £3080.D'Israeli, Isaac. 1766-1848.S. & W. March 1849. 4 days. £418.[Donegal, Marquess of.]Stewart. March 1800. 14 days.Dormer, Lieut.-General James. 1679-1741.B. Feb.-March 1764. 20 days. £2123.Douglas, Rev. W.S. Dec. 1819. 11 days. £2986.Dowdeswell, Lieut.-General William. 1761-1828.E. July 1828. 4 days. £1347.Drury, Rev. Henry.2 parts. E. Feb.-March 1827. 23 days. £8917.Ducarel, Andrew Coltee.1713-1785L. & S. April 1786. 8 days. £997.Duckett, Sir George, Bart.Autograph documents, etc. S. & S. June-July 1832. 4 days. £1362.Edwardes, Sir Henry Hope, Bart.C.M. & W. May 1901. 4 days. £11,033.Edwards, James. 1757-1816.See page 298.Evans, HerbertN., M.D.2 parts. S.W. & H. May, June 1864. 13 days. £3186.Eyton, J.C.S.W. & H. June 1881. 3 days. £1793.Eyton, Joseph Walter Ring.S. & W. May 1848. 8 days. £2693.Fairfax, Brian. 1676-1749.(Osterley Park Library.) See page 172.Falconer, J.J.S.W. & H. Aug. 1877. 6 days. £1925.Farmer, Richard, D.D. 1735-1797.See page 237.Farmer-Atkinson, Henry John.2 parts. S.W. & H. March 1896. P. & S. April 1897. 5 days. £2066.Farnham, Baron. 1799-1868.S.W. & H. June-July 1869. 9 days. £2168.Fauntleroy, Henry. 1785-1824.S. April 1825. 3 days. £2714.Fielding, Henry. 1707-1754.B. Feb. 1755. 4 evenings. £364.Folkes, Martin. 1690-1754.See page 197.Forster, Richard.King and Lochée. Nov. 1806. 10 days. £1696.Foster, Birket.S.W. & H. June 1894 (with others). 4 days. £5198.Fraser, Sir William Augustus.S.W. & H. April 1901. 8 days. £20,334.Freeling, Sir Francis, Bart. 1764-1836.E. Nov.-Dec. 1836. 10 days. £3730.Frere, John Tudor.S.W. & H. Feb. 1896. 4 days. £3747.Gaisford, Thomas. -1898.S.W. & H. April-May 1890. 8 days. £9236.Gardner, Cecil Dunn.S.W. & H. June 1880. 6 days. £4734.Gardner, John Dunn.2 parts. S. & W. July 1854, Nov. 1875. 12 days. £10,153.Gibson-Craig, James Thomson. 1799-1886.See page 396.Gilchrist, Octavius Graham. 1779-1823.E. Jan. 1824. 6 days. £1355.Glenbervie, Baron. 1743-1823.2 parts. E. June, July 1823. 15 days. £2534.Gloucester, William Frederick, Duke of. 1776-1834.S. & S. July-Aug. 1835. 8 days. £1265.Goldsmid, John Louis.E. Dec. [1815]. 5 days. £2179.Goldsmith, Oliver. 1728-1774.Good. July 1774. 1 day.Gooch, Archdeacon.S. Nov. 1823. 4 days. £1212.Gordon, Sir Robert.(Gordonstoun Library.) Cochrane. March 1816. 12 days. £1539.Gosford, Earl of.P. & S. April-May 1884. 11 days. £11,318.Gossett, Rev. Isaac. 1735-1812.L. & S. June-July 1813. 23 days. £3141.Gough, Richard. 1735-1809.See page 240.Grafton, Duke of. 1735-1811.2 parts. L. & S. Dec. 1811. E. [Anon.]. June 1815. 12 days. £4803.Grant, Francis. 1834-1899.2 parts. P. & S. Nov. 1881. S.W. & H. May 1900. 3 days. £2526.Grave, Robert. 1731-1802.L.S. & S. April 1803. 8 days. £1023.Gresley, Sir Roger, Bart.E. May 1838. 3 days. £1601.Guild, J. Wyllie.Chapman and Son (Edinburgh). April 1888. 10 days.Guilford, Earl of. 1766-1827. See page 322.[Gulston, Joseph.] 1745-1786.2 parts. Compton (London). May [1783], June 1784. 15 days.Part I. 11 days. £1750.Hailstone, Edward. 1818-1890.(Walton Hall Library.) 2 parts. S.W. & H. Feb., April-May 1891.18 days. £8991.Halliwell-Phillipps, James Orchard. 1820-1889.S.W. & H. July 1889. 4 days. £2298.Hamilton, Duke of.(Hamilton Library.) See page 329.Hamper, William. 1776-1831.E. July 1831. 3 days. £1820.Hampton, Lord. 1799-1880.S.W. & H. Feb. 1881. 3 days. £3539.

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