OBSERVATION 1. The following absurd phrases so common in the sacred desk and elsewhere, should be carefully avoided by all who regard common sense:—"Sing thetwo firstandthree lastverses." Just as if there could be more thanonefirst andonelast. There may be afirst two, asecond two, &c.; afirst three, asecond three, alast three. "Within thetwo lastcenturies;" "The second syllable of thethree firstwords;" "Thethree firstof these orthoepists have no rule by which their pronunciation is regulated:"—"thelast twocenturies;" "thefirst threewords;" "thefirst threeof these orthoepists."2. Adjectives should not be used to express the manner of action. "The higher the river, theswifterit flows;" "James learnseasierthan Juliet; he seesdeeperinto the millstone than she:"—"themore swiftlyit flows;" "learnsmore easily;fartherinto the millstone." "He conducted theboldestof any:"—"themost boldly."3.Morerequiresthanafter it. The following sentences are therefore improper: "He was more beloved, but not so much admired,asCinthio;" "Richard is more active, but not so studious,ashis companion." The legitimate mode of supplying the ellipses in these constructions, will show their gross impropriety: thus, "He was more belovedasCinthio;" "Richard is more activeashis companion," &c.4. Adverbs, as illustrated on page 85, are generallysubstitutesfor two or more words belonging to other parts of speech. "Will you accompany me to Europe next summer?""Yes.""Do you believe that the voyage will restore your health?""No."In these examples, the adverbsyesandno, are substitutes for whole sentences, and, therefore, do not qualify any words understood.Yes, in this instance, literally means,"I will accompany you to Europe next summer;"andno,"I do not believe that the voyage will restore my health."Many other adverbs are often employed in a similar manner."Firstly,"is often improperly used instead of the adverbfirst;"agood deal," instead of,much, or, agreat deal.5. A nice distinction should be observed in the use ofsuchandso. The former may be employed in expressingquality; the latter, in expressing adegreeof the quality; as, "Sucha temper is seldom found;" "Sobad a temper is seldom found." In the following examples,soshould be used instead ofsuch:"He issuchan extravagant young man, that I cannot associate with him;" "I never before sawsuchlarge trees."The affected use of cardinal, instead of ordinal numbers, ought not to be imitated. "On pageforty-five;""Look at pagenineteen;"—forty-fifth, nineteenth.6. In the choice and application of prepositions, particular regard should be paid to their meaning as established by the idiom of our language and the best usage. "In my proceedings, I have been actuated from the conviction, that I was supporting a righteous cause;" "He should have profited from those golden precepts;" "It is connected to John with the conjunctionand;" "Aware that there is, in the minds of many, a strong predilection in favor of established usages;" "He was made much on at Argos;" "They are resolved of going;" "The rain has been falling of a long time;" "It is a work deserving of encouragement." These examples may be corrected thus, "actuatedbythe conviction;" "bythose golden precepts;" "bythe conjunction and;" "predilectionfor;" "muchofat Argos;" "ongoing;" "falling a long time;" "deserving encouragement."7. The prepositiontois used before nouns of place, where they follow verbs or participles of motion; as, "I wenttoWashington." Butatis employed after the verbto be; as, "I have beenatWashington;" "He has beentoNew York,tohome," &c. are improper. The prepositioninis set before countries, cities, and large towns; "He livesinFrance,inLondon,inPhiladelphia,inRochester." But before single houses, and cities and villages which are in distant countries,atis commonly used; as, "He livesatPark-place;" "She residesatVincennes." People in the northern states may say, "They liveinNew Orleans, or,atNew Orleans."8. Passive agents to verbs in the infinitive mood, should not be employed as active agents. The following are solecisms: "This house to let;" "Horses and carriages to let;" "Congress has much business to perform this session;" because the agents,house,horsesandcarriages, andbusiness, which are reallypassive, are, according to these constructions, rendered as active. The expressions should be, "This house tobelet;" "Horses and carriages tobelet;" "much business tobe performed."9. AMBIGUITY.—"Nothing is more to be desired than wisdom." Notliterallycorrect, forwisdomis certainly more to be desired thannothing; but, as a figurative expression, it is well established and unexceptionable."A crow is a large black bird:"—a large,black—bird."I saw a horse—fly through the window:"—I saw ahorsefly."I saw a ship gliding under full sail through a spy glass." I saw, through a spy glass, a ship gliding under full sail."One may see how the world goes with half an eye." One may see with half an eye, how the world goes."A great stone, that I happened to find, after a long search, by the sea shore, served me for an anchor." This arrangement of the members and circumstances of this sentence, confines the speaker'ssearch to the sea shore;whereas, he meant, "Alarge stone, which,after a long search, I happenedto find by the sea shore,served me for an anchor.""I shall only notice those called personal pronouns." I shall noticeonlythose called personal pronouns.10. TAUTOLOGY.—Avoid words which add no thing to the sense; such as, "Nowextant,freegratis,slowmope,coldsnow, ahotsun, aflowingstream, adullblockhead,wisesages." "I am just going to go there;" I amaboutto go.11. ABSURDITIES AND IMPROPRIETIES.—"I can learn him many things."It ought to be, "I canteachhim." Tolearn, is toacquireorreceiveinformation; toteach, means tocommunicateit."I don't think it is so." Youdo think, that it isnotso.Ever, always."I have ever been of this mind." I havealwaysbeen.Everandalwaysare not synonymous.Everrefers tooneindefinite period of time; as, "If heeverbecome rich:"alwaysmeansat all times.Excuse, pardon.The former signifies to release from an obligation which refers to the future; the latter, to forgive a neglect or crime that is past. "Excuse me for neglecting to call yesterday:"pardonme.Remember, recollect.Weremembera thing which we retain in our mind; werecollectit, when, though having gone from the mind, we have power to call it back.Defect, deficiency.A thing which is incomplete in any of its parts, isdefective;a total absence of the thing, is adeficiency.This subject will be resumed in the appendix to this work.
OBSERVATION 1. The following absurd phrases so common in the sacred desk and elsewhere, should be carefully avoided by all who regard common sense:—"Sing thetwo firstandthree lastverses." Just as if there could be more thanonefirst andonelast. There may be afirst two, asecond two, &c.; afirst three, asecond three, alast three. "Within thetwo lastcenturies;" "The second syllable of thethree firstwords;" "Thethree firstof these orthoepists have no rule by which their pronunciation is regulated:"—"thelast twocenturies;" "thefirst threewords;" "thefirst threeof these orthoepists."
2. Adjectives should not be used to express the manner of action. "The higher the river, theswifterit flows;" "James learnseasierthan Juliet; he seesdeeperinto the millstone than she:"—"themore swiftlyit flows;" "learnsmore easily;fartherinto the millstone." "He conducted theboldestof any:"—"themost boldly."
3.Morerequiresthanafter it. The following sentences are therefore improper: "He was more beloved, but not so much admired,asCinthio;" "Richard is more active, but not so studious,ashis companion." The legitimate mode of supplying the ellipses in these constructions, will show their gross impropriety: thus, "He was more belovedasCinthio;" "Richard is more activeashis companion," &c.
4. Adverbs, as illustrated on page 85, are generallysubstitutesfor two or more words belonging to other parts of speech. "Will you accompany me to Europe next summer?""Yes.""Do you believe that the voyage will restore your health?""No."In these examples, the adverbsyesandno, are substitutes for whole sentences, and, therefore, do not qualify any words understood.Yes, in this instance, literally means,"I will accompany you to Europe next summer;"andno,"I do not believe that the voyage will restore my health."Many other adverbs are often employed in a similar manner.
"Firstly,"is often improperly used instead of the adverbfirst;"agood deal," instead of,much, or, agreat deal.
5. A nice distinction should be observed in the use ofsuchandso. The former may be employed in expressingquality; the latter, in expressing adegreeof the quality; as, "Sucha temper is seldom found;" "Sobad a temper is seldom found." In the following examples,soshould be used instead ofsuch:"He issuchan extravagant young man, that I cannot associate with him;" "I never before sawsuchlarge trees."
The affected use of cardinal, instead of ordinal numbers, ought not to be imitated. "On pageforty-five;""Look at pagenineteen;"—forty-fifth, nineteenth.
6. In the choice and application of prepositions, particular regard should be paid to their meaning as established by the idiom of our language and the best usage. "In my proceedings, I have been actuated from the conviction, that I was supporting a righteous cause;" "He should have profited from those golden precepts;" "It is connected to John with the conjunctionand;" "Aware that there is, in the minds of many, a strong predilection in favor of established usages;" "He was made much on at Argos;" "They are resolved of going;" "The rain has been falling of a long time;" "It is a work deserving of encouragement." These examples may be corrected thus, "actuatedbythe conviction;" "bythose golden precepts;" "bythe conjunction and;" "predilectionfor;" "muchofat Argos;" "ongoing;" "falling a long time;" "deserving encouragement."
7. The prepositiontois used before nouns of place, where they follow verbs or participles of motion; as, "I wenttoWashington." Butatis employed after the verbto be; as, "I have beenatWashington;" "He has beentoNew York,tohome," &c. are improper. The prepositioninis set before countries, cities, and large towns; "He livesinFrance,inLondon,inPhiladelphia,inRochester." But before single houses, and cities and villages which are in distant countries,atis commonly used; as, "He livesatPark-place;" "She residesatVincennes." People in the northern states may say, "They liveinNew Orleans, or,atNew Orleans."
8. Passive agents to verbs in the infinitive mood, should not be employed as active agents. The following are solecisms: "This house to let;" "Horses and carriages to let;" "Congress has much business to perform this session;" because the agents,house,horsesandcarriages, andbusiness, which are reallypassive, are, according to these constructions, rendered as active. The expressions should be, "This house tobelet;" "Horses and carriages tobelet;" "much business tobe performed."
9. AMBIGUITY.—"Nothing is more to be desired than wisdom." Notliterallycorrect, forwisdomis certainly more to be desired thannothing; but, as a figurative expression, it is well established and unexceptionable.
"A crow is a large black bird:"—a large,black—bird.
"I saw a horse—fly through the window:"—I saw ahorsefly.
"I saw a ship gliding under full sail through a spy glass." I saw, through a spy glass, a ship gliding under full sail.
"One may see how the world goes with half an eye." One may see with half an eye, how the world goes.
"A great stone, that I happened to find, after a long search, by the sea shore, served me for an anchor." This arrangement of the members and circumstances of this sentence, confines the speaker'ssearch to the sea shore;whereas, he meant, "Alarge stone, which,after a long search, I happenedto find by the sea shore,served me for an anchor."
"I shall only notice those called personal pronouns." I shall noticeonlythose called personal pronouns.
10. TAUTOLOGY.—Avoid words which add no thing to the sense; such as, "Nowextant,freegratis,slowmope,coldsnow, ahotsun, aflowingstream, adullblockhead,wisesages." "I am just going to go there;" I amaboutto go.
11. ABSURDITIES AND IMPROPRIETIES.—"I can learn him many things."
It ought to be, "I canteachhim." Tolearn, is toacquireorreceiveinformation; toteach, means tocommunicateit.
"I don't think it is so." Youdo think, that it isnotso.
Ever, always."I have ever been of this mind." I havealwaysbeen.Everandalwaysare not synonymous.Everrefers tooneindefinite period of time; as, "If heeverbecome rich:"alwaysmeansat all times.
Excuse, pardon.The former signifies to release from an obligation which refers to the future; the latter, to forgive a neglect or crime that is past. "Excuse me for neglecting to call yesterday:"pardonme.
Remember, recollect.Weremembera thing which we retain in our mind; werecollectit, when, though having gone from the mind, we have power to call it back.
Defect, deficiency.A thing which is incomplete in any of its parts, isdefective;a total absence of the thing, is adeficiency.
This subject will be resumed in the appendix to this work.
From among those words which are often erroneously spelled, the following are selected and corrected according to Johnson, and to Cobb's Dictionary.
The following words being often erroneously pronounced by polite people, as well as by the vulgar, their correction, in this place, agreeably toCobb's Dictionary, it is presumed, will be useful to many. Some of the mispronunciations given areprovincial.
1 2 3 4 1 4 1 4 1 3 5Fate, far, fall, fat--me, met--pine, pin--no, nor, not,6 1 4 7 34 37move--tube, tub, bull--oil--found---thin--THIS,ORTHOGRAPHY. IMPROPER. PRONOUNCED.4 1 4 4Again a-gane' a-gen'4 1 4 4Against a-ganste' a-genst4 1 4 1Ally al'le al'li'1 2Are are ar4 4 1 1Azure azh'ur a'zhure1 1Bade bade bad1 11Beard bard beerd4 11 4Been ben or been bin22 11Bleat blaat bleet1 34Boil bile boil4 4 5 4Bonnet bun'net bon'nit2 66Brooch brotsh brootsh4 3 4 4Canal ka-nawl' ka-nal'4 4Catch ketsh katsh4 1 3 1Causeway kros'wa kawz'wa4 4 1 4Chalice kal'is tshal'is4 1Chasten tshas'tn tshase'sn4 1 4 1Chimney tshim'ble tshim'ne3 1Chine tshime tshine34 1Choir koir kwire4 4 1 1Clevy klev'is klev've4 4Clinch klensh klinsh5 4 5 4Column kol'yum kol'lum5 4 4 4Combat kom'bat kum'bat5 1 5 4Comma kom'me kom'ma1 4 3 4Coquet ko-kwet' ko-ket'3 1Corps korps kore4 4 4 4Cover kiv'ur kuv'ur11 4Deaf deef def1 4 4 1 1 4Decisive de-sis'iv de-si'siv1 5 1 1Depot de'pot de-po'4 1 1 1 1Depute dep'u-tize de-pute'4 1 1 1 1 4Deputed dep'u-tizd de-pu'ted1 1 1 1Design de-zine' de-sine'4 4Dint dent dint1 5 4Docile do'slle dos'sil4 4 4 4Disgust dis-gust' diz-gust'4 1 4 1Dismay dis-ma' diz-ma'4 1 4 1Disown dis-one' diz-one'1 4Dost dost dust1 4Doth dothduth66 4Does dooz duz11 1Drain dreen drane37 37Drought drouthdrout37 4 37Drowned dround'ed dround4 1 4 4Ductile duk'tile duk'til1 4Edge aje edje1 1 4Either i'THur e'THur4 4 4 4English eng'lish ing'glish1 1 1 1Era e're e'ra1 1Ere ere are1 4Fasten fas'tn fas'sn4 7 11 7Fearful fer'ful feer'ful4 4 4 1Figure fig'gur fig'ure4 11Fiend fend feend4 4First fust furst34 1 1 1 1Foliage foil'aje fo'le-aje3 4 3 1Fortune for'tshun for'tshune3 4 3 1Fortnight fort'nit fort'nite37 37 4Fountain foun'tn foun'tin4 4 4 1Fracture frak'tshur frak'tshure1 4 1 4Fragrance frag'ranse fra'granse1 1 1 4Futile fu'tile fu'til4 4 4 4Gather geTH'ur gaTH'ur4 4Get git get4 4Girth gurt gerth66 1Goal gool gole1 1 4 1 4Going goneorgo'in go'ing66 1Gold goold gold66 4Gum goom gum1 4 4Grudge be-gretsh' grudje4 4 4 4Gypsum gip'sum jip'sum4 4Has hez haz1 4Have have hav11 4Heard heerd herd4 4 2Hearth hurthor hathharth4 4Hiss siss hiss1 34Hoist histe hoist4 1 1 1Homely hum'ble home'le4 66Hoof huf hoof3 4 5 4Hostler haws'lur os'lur4 4Humble hum'bl um'bl11 4 4 4Jesting jeest'in jest'ing4 4Kettle kit'tl ket'tl4 4 4 1Lecture lek'tshur lek'tshure4 4 1 1Leisure lezh'ur le'zhure4 4 1 4Lever lev'er le'vur4 4Lid led lid1 5 1 4Lilach la'lok li'lak66 1Loam loom lome1 66Loo lu loo1 1 4 1Maintain mane-tane' men-tane'1 4 1 4Matron mat'run ma'trun1 1 4 1Mermaid mare'made mer'made37 37Mountain moun'tn moun'tin1 4 1 1Nature na'tshur na'tshure1 4 1 4Neither ni'THur ne'THur1 11 1 1Oblige o-bleeje' o-blije'1 11 5 1Oblique o-bleek' ob-like'5 5Of of ov1 34Oil ile oil5 4 1 1 1Only on'leorun'le one'le1 4 4 4Panther pane'tur pan'thur4 4 1 4Parent par'ent pa'rent2 4 2 4Partner pard'nur part'nur2 4 4 1Pasture pas'tshur pas'tshure4 4 1 4Patron pat'run pa'trun4 4 4 4Pincers pinsh'urz pin'surz4 4Pith pethpith11 1Plait pleet plate1 1 4Poem pome po'em1 34Point pinte point5 4 4Pother poTH'ur puTH'ur4 4 1 4Precept pres'sept pre'sept1 1 4 4Preface pre'fase pref'fas1 1 4 1Prelude pre'lude prel'ude1 4 5 4Process pro'ses pros'ses1 4 5 4Product pro'dukt prod'ukt1 4 5 4Progress pro'gres prog'res1 1 1 11Profile pro'file pro-feel'4 4 4 4Pumpion pungk'in pump'yun4 7Put put (verb) put1 34Quoit kwate kwoit1 1 4 1Rapine ra'pine rap'in1 11Rear rare reer4 1 4 4Reptile rep'tile rep'til4 4Rid red rid1 1Rind rine rind4 4Rinse rense rinse5 4 5 4Rosin roz'um roz'in87 1 66 11Routine rou tene roo-teen'4 66Roof ruff roof4 4 1 4Sacred sak'red sa'kred1 4Said sade sed4 4Sat set sat1 4Says saze sez2 1Scarce skarse skarse4 1 4 1Schedule sked'ule sed'jule4 4Shut shet shut4 4Since sense sinse4 11Sleek slik sleek4 4 1 4Sliver sliv'vur sli'vur3 7 1 7Slothful slawth'ful sloth'ful4 66Soot sut soot4 4 1 2Spikenard spig'nut spike'nard1 34Spoil spile spoil4 4 11 2Steelyard stil'yurdz steel'yard5 4Stamp stomp stamp4 4Stint stent stint1 1Sword sword sord1 5 4 4Synod si'nod sin'ud1 1 4 1Therefore THare'fore THer'fore4 4Thill filthil1 66To to too37 66Tour tour toor4 4Treble trib'bl treb'bl1 3 1 4Towards to-wardz' to'urdz5 1 1 1Trophy trof'fe tro'fe1 1 1 1Tuesday tshuz'de tuze'de4 4 4 1Verdure vur'jur ver'jure1 4 4 11Vizier vi'zhur viz'yeer5 4 5 1Volume vol'lum vol'yume1 4Were ware wer1 1Yea ya ye4 4Yes yes yis11 33 4Yest yeestoreest yest4 4Yet yit yet1 66You yu yoo1 66Your yure yoor1 66Youth yuthyooth1 4 1 4 1 1 1 4Ague and fever fe'vurn-a'gur a'gu-and fe'vur3 4 1 4 4 1Alternate awl-ter'nate al-ter'nate4 4 1 4 4 1 1Annunciate an-nun'shate an-nun'she-ate4 1 4 4 1 4Andiron hand'i-urn and'i-urn4 1 1 4 4 1 11Antipodes an'te-podz an-tip'o-deez4 4 4 4 1 4Apparent ap-par'ent ap-pa'rent2 1 4 4 2 3 4 1Architecture artsh'e-tek-tshur ar'-ke-tek-tshure4 4 4 4 4 4Assumption as-sump'shun as-sum'shun3 4 4 1 3 4 4 1Auxiliary awks-il'a-re awg-zil'ya-re4 4 4 4 4 1 1 1 1Certiorari sash-ur-ar'ur ser-she-o-ra'ri4 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1Christianity kris-tshan'e-te kris-tshe-an'e-te4 4 1 4 4 4Clandestine klan-des'tine klan-des'tin1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4Coadjutor ko-ad'ju-tur ko-ad-ju'tur5 4 1 4 5 4 1 4Compendium kom-pen'de-um kom-pen'je-um5 4 1 1 4 1Connoisseur kon-nis-sure' ko-nes-sare'1 1 4 4 1 4Courteous kore'te-us kur'tshe-us4 4 4 4 4 4Coverlet kuv'ur-lid kuv'ur-let37 4 1 37 4 4Cowardice kou'urd-ise kou'urd-is1 4 4 1 4 4Decrepit de-krip'id de-krep'it4 5 1 1 5 1Demonstrate dem'on-strate de-mon'strate1 4 4 4 4 1 4 1 1 4Desideratum de-sid-er-at'um de-sid-e-ra'tum1 4 1 1 4Diamond di'mund di'a-mund4 4 4 1 4 1 4Discrepance dis-krep'an-se dis'kre-panse4 4 1 4 4 4Disfranchise dis-fran'tschize dis-fran'tschiz4 5 4 4 5 4Dishonest dis-on'est diz-on'est4 3 4 4 3 4Disorder dis-or'dur diz-or'dur1 4 4 1 1 4 1 1Electrify e-lek'tur-ize e-lek'tre-fi1 1 1 1 1 1 1Emaciate e-ma'shate e-ma'she-ate4 1 1 4 1 1 1Expatiate eks-pa'shate eks-pa'she-ate4 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 4 1Expiatory eks-pi'a-to-re eks'pe-a-tur-re4 4 1 4 4 1 1Extempore eks-tem'pore eks-tem'po-re4 1 1 4 1 4Feminine fem'e-nine fem'e-nin4 4 1 1 4 1Frequently frek'went-le fre'kwent-le4 1 1 4 1 4Genuine jen'u-ine jen'u-in2 11 2 1 4Guardian gar-deen' gyar'de-an4 4 4 4 4 4Gymnastic gim-nas'tik jim-nas'tik4 1 1 4 4 1 66 4Hallelujah hal-le-lu'ja hal-le-loo'ya5 4 4 5 3 4Hospital hos'pit-al os'pe-tal1 4 4 1 4 4Humorous hu'mur-us yu'mur-us1 1 1 1 4Idea i-de' i-de'a4 1 4 4 4 1 3 4Ignoramus ig-no-ram'us ig-no-ra'mus4 4 1 4 4 1 1 4Indecorous in-dek'o-rus in-de-ko'rus4 4 1 1 4 1 1 1Irradiate ir-rad'e-ate ir-ra'de-ate4 4 4 1 4 4 1 1Literati lit-er-at'i lit-er-a'ti1 1 4 4 1 4Maintenance mane-tane'anse men-'te-nanse4 1 1 4 1 4Masculine mas'ku-line mas'ku-lin4 4 1mur'kan-tile }4 4 11 } 4 4 4Mercantile mur-kan-teel'} mer'kan-til4 4 4 }mur-kan'til }1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Meliorate me-li'o-rate me'le-o-rate1 4 1 4 5 4 1 4Molestation mo-les-ta'shun mol-es-ta'shun1 1 4 1 1 4Museum mu'ze-um mu-ze'um1 4 4 4 4 4National na'shun-al nash'un-al1 4 4 1 5 4 1 1Nomenclature no-men'kla-ture nom-en-kla'tshure5 1 4 5 1 4 4Nominative nom'e-tiv nom'e-na-tiv5 5 1 4 5 4 4 4Obstreperous ob-strop'pu-lus ob-strep'er-us5 2 1 5 1 1Octavo ok-ta'vo ok-ta'vo5 1 1 1 5 4 4 1Oratory or'a-to-re or'a-tur-re1 4 1 4 4 1Parentage pa'rent-aje par'ent-aje2 4 1 1 2 1 4 1 1Partiality par-shal'le-te par-she-al'le-te1 4 1 4 4 4Patronage pa'trun-aje pat'run-ije4 1 2 1 1 2Patriarch pat're-ark pa'tre-ark4 1 4 1 1 4Patriot pat're-ut pa'tre-ut4 1 4 4 1 1 4 4Patriotism pat're-ut-izm pa'tre-ut-izm1 5 1 4 1 5 1 4Philologist fi-lol'lo-jist fe-lol'lo-jist1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1Philosophy fi-los'o-fe fe-los'o-fe1 1 5 1 4 4 1 5 1 4Philosophical fi-lo-sof'ik-al fil-o-zof'e-kal1 4 4 1 4 4Plagiarism pla'ga-rizm pla'ja-rizm5 4 5 4Possess pos-ses' poz-zes'5 4 1 5 4 1Possessive pos-ses'siv poz-zes'siv5 4 4 5 4 4Possession pos-sesh'un poz-zesh'un1 4 4 4 1 4 4Preventive pre-vent'a-tiv pre-vent'iv1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 4Pronunciation pro-nun-se-a'shun pro-nun-she-a'shun1 4 1 1 4 1 4 1 1 4Propitiation pro-pis-e-a'shun pro-pish-e-a'shun5 1 1 5 1 1Prophecy prov'e-si (noun) prof'e-se (noun)5 1 1 5 1 5Prophesy prov'e-si (verb) prof'e-si (verb)1 1 1 1 1Ratio ra'sho ra'she-o1 4 4 4 4 4Rational ra'shun-al rash'un-al1 4 4 1 4 4Sacrament sa'kra-ment sak'ra-ment1 1 1 4 1 1Sacrifice sa'kre-fize, sak're-fize4or(fis)4 1 1 1 1 1 1Stereotype ster'o-tipe ste're-o-tipe1 4 1 4 1 4 4Stupendous stu-pen'du-us, stu-pen'dus1 4stu-pen'jus1 5 1 1 4 1 4Synonyme se-non'e-me sin'o-nim4 4 4 4 1 4Transparent trans-par'ent trans-pa'rent4 4 4 1 4 1 4 1Transparency trans-par'en-se trans-pa'ren-se1 4 1 4 1 4 4Tremendous tre-men'du-us, tre-men'dus1 4 1tre-men'jus4 4 4 4 1 4Verbatim ver-bat'im ver-ba'tim5 2 1 5 1 1Volcano vol-ka'no vol-ka'no4 1 4 11Whiffletree hwip'pl-tre hwif'fl-tree