John Frederick Campbell (born 8th November 1790, died 7th November 1860) was the eldest son of John Campbell of Stackpole Court, Pembrokeshire, first Baron Cawdor. In 1821 John Frederick succeeded to his father's Barony, and in 1816 he married Elizabeth Thynne, daughter of the Marquis of Bath. In 1827 he was created Earl Cawdor of Castlemartin. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthen.The coat-of-arms of Calder, which is given the place of honour in Lord Cawdor's coat, is borne by right of Muriel, heiress of John Calder, or Cawdor, of Nairn. She married Sir John Campbell, son of Archibald, Earl of Argyll, about 1510, and was the ancestress of the present family.
John Frederick Campbell (born 8th November 1790, died 7th November 1860) was the eldest son of John Campbell of Stackpole Court, Pembrokeshire, first Baron Cawdor. In 1821 John Frederick succeeded to his father's Barony, and in 1816 he married Elizabeth Thynne, daughter of the Marquis of Bath. In 1827 he was created Earl Cawdor of Castlemartin. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthen.
The coat-of-arms of Calder, which is given the place of honour in Lord Cawdor's coat, is borne by right of Muriel, heiress of John Calder, or Cawdor, of Nairn. She married Sir John Campbell, son of Archibald, Earl of Argyll, about 1510, and was the ancestress of the present family.
Arms.—Gu., a lion rampant between 3 crosses crosslet fitchée or.Capell.
Coronet.—That of an Earl.
Supporters.—Two lions rampant arg., ducally crowned gu.
Motto.—Fide et fortitudine.
[Basnage.History of the Jews.London, 1708.]
William Capell (born 1697, died 17th January 1742) was the son of Algernon, Earl of Essex, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1710.Lord Essex held several important offices, among them those of Keeper of Hyde Park, Ambassador to Sardinia in 1735, Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard, Ranger of St. James's Park, and Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire. In 1725 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Thistle, and in 1738 a Knight of the Garter.
William Capell (born 1697, died 17th January 1742) was the son of Algernon, Earl of Essex, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1710.
Lord Essex held several important offices, among them those of Keeper of Hyde Park, Ambassador to Sardinia in 1735, Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard, Ranger of St. James's Park, and Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire. In 1725 he was made a Knight of the Order of the Thistle, and in 1738 a Knight of the Garter.
Arms.—Or, 3 lioncels passant sa.Carew.
[Prateolus.Elenchus Haereticorum.Coloniae, 1605.]
George Carew (born 29th May 1555, died 22nd March 1629) was the son of George Carew, Dean of Windsor, and educated at Oxford. In 1583 he was Sheriff of Carlow in Ireland, and was Knighted in 1585. Sir George Carew held several important military appointments in Ireland, and became Master of the Ordnance and commander of expeditions to Cadiz and other places, and in 1598 he was Ambassador to France. In 1600 he was President of Munster, and shortly afterwards Vice-Chamberlain to Anne, Queen Consort, and Member of Parliament for Hastings.In 1605 he was created Baron Carew, and he became Master of the Ordnance in England and Governor of Guernsey, and in 1625 he wascreated Earl of Totness, and afterwards became Treasurer-General to Queen Henrietta Maria.Lord Totness was an excellent antiquary and a friend of Sir Robert Cotton. He collected manuscripts, especially those concerning Ireland, and his collections are now scattered, but are chiefly to be found in the British Museum, at Lambeth, in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, at Hatfield, or in the State Paper Office.
George Carew (born 29th May 1555, died 22nd March 1629) was the son of George Carew, Dean of Windsor, and educated at Oxford. In 1583 he was Sheriff of Carlow in Ireland, and was Knighted in 1585. Sir George Carew held several important military appointments in Ireland, and became Master of the Ordnance and commander of expeditions to Cadiz and other places, and in 1598 he was Ambassador to France. In 1600 he was President of Munster, and shortly afterwards Vice-Chamberlain to Anne, Queen Consort, and Member of Parliament for Hastings.
In 1605 he was created Baron Carew, and he became Master of the Ordnance in England and Governor of Guernsey, and in 1625 he wascreated Earl of Totness, and afterwards became Treasurer-General to Queen Henrietta Maria.
Lord Totness was an excellent antiquary and a friend of Sir Robert Cotton. He collected manuscripts, especially those concerning Ireland, and his collections are now scattered, but are chiefly to be found in the British Museum, at Lambeth, in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, at Hatfield, or in the State Paper Office.
Arms.—Gu., four fusils in fess arg., with the Ulster hand gu., in an escutcheon arg., in the dexter chief.Carteret.
Crest.—On a mount vert, a squirrel sejant, cracking a nut ppr.
Helmet.—That of a Peer, but wrongly shown, as it should be in three-quarters position.
Supporters.—Two winged stags.
Motto.—Loyal devoir.
[Churchill.Divi Britannici.London, 1675.]
George Carteret (born 1669, died 1695) was the grandson of Sir George Carteret, Governor of Jersey, who had been created a Baronet by Charles I. in 1645. In 1681 Sir George was created Baron Carteret of Hawnes, and married Grace, daughter of John Granville, Earl of Bath, in 1674. In 1714 she was created Countess Granville, and at her death her son John succeeded to the Earldom.
George Carteret (born 1669, died 1695) was the grandson of Sir George Carteret, Governor of Jersey, who had been created a Baronet by Charles I. in 1645. In 1681 Sir George was created Baron Carteret of Hawnes, and married Grace, daughter of John Granville, Earl of Bath, in 1674. In 1714 she was created Countess Granville, and at her death her son John succeeded to the Earldom.
Arms.—Gu., four fusils in fess arg.Carteret.
Crest.—On a mount vert, a squirrel sejant, cracking a nut ppr.
Coronet.—That of a Baron.
Supporters.—Two winged stags.
Motto.—Loyal devoir.
[Thucydides.De Bello Peloponnesiaco.Oxonii, 1696.]
[Sir William Worsley, Bart., Hovingham Hall, York.]
John Carteret (born 12th April 1690, died 2nd January 1763) succeeded his father as second Baron Carteret in 1695, and in 1744 became Earl Granville on the death of his mother, Countess Granville, whose Earldom was created January 1, 1714. Lord Granville was a Lord of the Bedchamber to George I., and in 1716 Lord Lieutenant and Curtos Rotulorum of Devonshire. In 1719 he was Ambassador to Sweden.In 1721 Lord Granville was Secretary of State, and three years later Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was also a Knight of the Garter. In 1710 he married Frances, daughter of Sir Robert Worsley, Bart., of Appledurcombe, in the Isle of Wight.
John Carteret (born 12th April 1690, died 2nd January 1763) succeeded his father as second Baron Carteret in 1695, and in 1744 became Earl Granville on the death of his mother, Countess Granville, whose Earldom was created January 1, 1714. Lord Granville was a Lord of the Bedchamber to George I., and in 1716 Lord Lieutenant and Curtos Rotulorum of Devonshire. In 1719 he was Ambassador to Sweden.
In 1721 Lord Granville was Secretary of State, and three years later Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was also a Knight of the Garter. In 1710 he married Frances, daughter of Sir Robert Worsley, Bart., of Appledurcombe, in the Isle of Wight.
Arms.—Impaled.
Dexter: Quarterly.1st and 4th, France.2nd and 3rd, England. All as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).Sinister: Quartered.1st and 4th grand quarters, quarterly.1 and 4. Gu., a castle or.Castile.2 and 3. Arg., a lion rampant gu.Leon.2nd and 3rd grand quarters, per pale.Dexter: Or, paly of 4 gu.Aragon.Sinister: Per saltire arg., 2 eagles displayed sa. and or, paly of 4 gu.Sicily.In the base point, arg., a pomegranate or.Grenada.
Dexter: Quarterly.
1st and 4th, France.2nd and 3rd, England. All as used by Henry VIII. (q.v.).
Sinister: Quartered.
1st and 4th grand quarters, quarterly.
1 and 4. Gu., a castle or.Castile.
2 and 3. Arg., a lion rampant gu.Leon.
2nd and 3rd grand quarters, per pale.
Dexter: Or, paly of 4 gu.Aragon.
Sinister: Per saltire arg., 2 eagles displayed sa. and or, paly of 4 gu.Sicily.
In the base point, arg., a pomegranate or.Grenada.
Ensigned with a Royal Crown and supported by two angels.
[Holkot.Opus revera insignissimum in librum Sapietie Salomonis editum.Parisius, 1518.]
Catherine of Aragon (born 15th December 1485, died 6th January 1536) was the youngest daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, and in 1501 she married Arthur, Prince of Wales, who died in 1502.In 1509, Catherine married Henry VIII., and they had several children, of whom only Mary, afterwards Queen, survived her infancy. Henry VIII. divorced Queen Catherine in 1533, on the plea that the marriage was illegal as she was his brother's widow, and in the same year he married Anne Bullen, who was one of the Queen's Maids of Honour.Queen Catherine died at Kimbolton Castle, Huntingdonshire, in 1536, and was buried at Peterborough. A few of her books came with the old Royal Library to the British Museum in 1757. She was fond of literature and a patron to learning of all sorts, and a friend of Erasmus. She appointed Ludovicus Vives, a well-known Spanish savant and author, to be tutor to her daughter Mary.
Catherine of Aragon (born 15th December 1485, died 6th January 1536) was the youngest daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, and in 1501 she married Arthur, Prince of Wales, who died in 1502.
In 1509, Catherine married Henry VIII., and they had several children, of whom only Mary, afterwards Queen, survived her infancy. Henry VIII. divorced Queen Catherine in 1533, on the plea that the marriage was illegal as she was his brother's widow, and in the same year he married Anne Bullen, who was one of the Queen's Maids of Honour.
Queen Catherine died at Kimbolton Castle, Huntingdonshire, in 1536, and was buried at Peterborough. A few of her books came with the old Royal Library to the British Museum in 1757. She was fond of literature and a patron to learning of all sorts, and a friend of Erasmus. She appointed Ludovicus Vives, a well-known Spanish savant and author, to be tutor to her daughter Mary.
Arms.—Arg., 5 shields az., 1, 3, and 1, each charged with 5 plates, 2, 1, and 2; a bordure of Castile, gu., 7 towers or, 3, 2, and 2.Portugal.
Crown.—The Royal Crown of England.
[Jesus Maria Joseph; or, The devout Pilgrim of the Virgin Mary.Amsterdam, 1663.]
[Edward Almack, Esq., F.S.A., Brighton.]
Catherine of Braganza (born 15th November 1638, died 31st December 1705) was the daughter of John, Duke of Braganza, who in 1640 became Juan IV., King of Portugal. In 1662 the Princess Catherine married Charles II., King of England, and as part of her very large dowry, the King received Tangier, commanding the Straits of Gibraltar, and Bombay.After Charles's death Queen Catherine retired to Portugal, where in 1704-5 she acted ably as Regent for her brother, Pedro II.
Catherine of Braganza (born 15th November 1638, died 31st December 1705) was the daughter of John, Duke of Braganza, who in 1640 became Juan IV., King of Portugal. In 1662 the Princess Catherine married Charles II., King of England, and as part of her very large dowry, the King received Tangier, commanding the Straits of Gibraltar, and Bombay.
After Charles's death Queen Catherine retired to Portugal, where in 1704-5 she acted ably as Regent for her brother, Pedro II.
Arms.—Sa., 3 bucks' heads, caboshed arg.Cavendish.
Crest.—A serpent nowed ppr.
Coronet.—That of a Duke.
Supporters.—Two bucks ppr.
Motto.—Cavendo tutus.
[Theodocritus.Δ. Χαλκονδυλου ἐρωτηματα συνοπτικα των ὀκτω του λογου μερων μετα τινων χρησμων κανονων. Milan, 1493.]
William George Spencer Cavendish (born 21st May 1790, died 17th January 1858) was the son of William, fifth Duke of Devonshire, and succeeded to the family honours in 1811.The Library at Chatsworth was already one of much importance, but the sixth Duke of Devonshire added to it so extensively that he is generallyconsidered as its founder. He purchased rare books at all the great sales of his time, and removed the books which had accumulated at his other residences to Chatsworth. His collection has been further added to by successive owners.The Duke was a Knight of the Garter, a Member of the Privy Council, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Derbyshire, and High Steward of Derby. In 1821 he carried the orb at the Coronation of George IV. In 1826 he was Ambassador Extraordinary to Russia, and twice held the office of Lord Chamberlain of the Household. At the Coronation of Queen Victoria His Grace carried the Sword "Curtana," the square-tipped Sword of Mercy.
William George Spencer Cavendish (born 21st May 1790, died 17th January 1858) was the son of William, fifth Duke of Devonshire, and succeeded to the family honours in 1811.
The Library at Chatsworth was already one of much importance, but the sixth Duke of Devonshire added to it so extensively that he is generallyconsidered as its founder. He purchased rare books at all the great sales of his time, and removed the books which had accumulated at his other residences to Chatsworth. His collection has been further added to by successive owners.
The Duke was a Knight of the Garter, a Member of the Privy Council, Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Derbyshire, and High Steward of Derby. In 1821 he carried the orb at the Coronation of George IV. In 1826 he was Ambassador Extraordinary to Russia, and twice held the office of Lord Chamberlain of the Household. At the Coronation of Queen Victoria His Grace carried the Sword "Curtana," the square-tipped Sword of Mercy.
Arms.—Quartered.
1 and 6. Barry of 10, arg. and az.; over all six escutcheons sa., 3, 2, and 1, each charged with a lion rampant of the first.Cecil.2. Per pale, gu. and az. a lion rampant arg., supporting a tree eradicated vert.Wynstone.3. Sa., a plate between 3 castles arg.Etchington.4. Gu., on a bend cotised arg., 3 cinquefoils sa.Berondon.5. Arg., a chevron erm., between 3 chess-rooks.Pinchbeck.
1 and 6. Barry of 10, arg. and az.; over all six escutcheons sa., 3, 2, and 1, each charged with a lion rampant of the first.Cecil.
2. Per pale, gu. and az. a lion rampant arg., supporting a tree eradicated vert.Wynstone.
3. Sa., a plate between 3 castles arg.Etchington.
4. Gu., on a bend cotised arg., 3 cinquefoils sa.Berondon.
5. Arg., a chevron erm., between 3 chess-rooks.Pinchbeck.
Crest.—Six arrows in saltire or, barbed and feathered arg., girt together with a belt gu., buckled and garnished or, over the arrows a morion cap ppr.
Helmet.—That of a Peer.
Supporters.—Two lions rampant erm.
Motto.—Cor · vnv · via · vna.
[Hebrew Bible.Antverpiae, 1582.]
Variety.—Within the Garter, the crest is shown without the morion cap, and the two Supporters are moved up from the side of the shield, the usual place for Supporters, and used as Supporters for the crest.
[Ariosto.Orlando Furioso in English Heroical Verse, by John Harington. London, 1591.]
William Cecil (born 13th September 1520, died 4th August 1598) was the son of Richard Cecil, Master of the Robes to Henry VIII. He waseducated at Cambridge, and soon showed a remarkable ability. After Cambridge Cecil went to Gray's Inn and studied Law, and presently came under the personal notice of Henry VIII., who at once took a strong liking to him. At Court Cecil rapidly gained place and power, and under the Protector Somerset he became Secretary of State. He steered his way with some difficulty through the troubles accruing through the claim of Lady Jane Grey to the throne, but managed to escape serious misfortune, and was elected Member of Parliament for Lincolnshire.At this time he also made himself useful to the Princess Elizabeth, then holding a difficult political position, and when she became Queen in 1558 she at once made Cecil a member of her Privy Council and Secretary of State. In 1563 he was Speaker of the House of Commons. Although not on friendly terms with the Earl of Leicester, and in a position which gave cause to much envy, Cecil was able to retain the confidence of Queen Elizabeth, who, in 1571, created him Baron Burghley, and shortly afterwards a Knight of the Garter.Lord Burghley seems to have had a considerable library, and most of his books have upon them one or other of his beautiful stamps, sometimes in gold and sometimes in blind.
William Cecil (born 13th September 1520, died 4th August 1598) was the son of Richard Cecil, Master of the Robes to Henry VIII. He waseducated at Cambridge, and soon showed a remarkable ability. After Cambridge Cecil went to Gray's Inn and studied Law, and presently came under the personal notice of Henry VIII., who at once took a strong liking to him. At Court Cecil rapidly gained place and power, and under the Protector Somerset he became Secretary of State. He steered his way with some difficulty through the troubles accruing through the claim of Lady Jane Grey to the throne, but managed to escape serious misfortune, and was elected Member of Parliament for Lincolnshire.
At this time he also made himself useful to the Princess Elizabeth, then holding a difficult political position, and when she became Queen in 1558 she at once made Cecil a member of her Privy Council and Secretary of State. In 1563 he was Speaker of the House of Commons. Although not on friendly terms with the Earl of Leicester, and in a position which gave cause to much envy, Cecil was able to retain the confidence of Queen Elizabeth, who, in 1571, created him Baron Burghley, and shortly afterwards a Knight of the Garter.
Lord Burghley seems to have had a considerable library, and most of his books have upon them one or other of his beautiful stamps, sometimes in gold and sometimes in blind.
Arms.—Arg., a chevron vairé between 3 eagles displayed vert.Challeston.
Crest.—A demi eagle vert, wings displayed vairé.
Helmet.—That of an Esquire.
[Stow.Survey of London.1618.]
The family of Challeston does not appear to have distinguished itself in any of the ordinary ways, but the arms are described in Burke'sGeneral Armory, and also in Papworth'sDictionary of Coats-of-Arms.
The family of Challeston does not appear to have distinguished itself in any of the ordinary ways, but the arms are described in Burke'sGeneral Armory, and also in Papworth'sDictionary of Coats-of-Arms.
Arms.—Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th grand quarters; France and England quarterly.2nd grand quarter; Scotland.3rd grand quarter; Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.).
1st and 4th grand quarters; France and England quarterly.
2nd grand quarter; Scotland.
3rd grand quarter; Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.).
Crest.—A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.
Helmet.—Royal.
Supporters.—A lion and a unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).
Motto.—Diev et mon droit.
[Cespedes y Meneses.Historia de Don Felipe III., Rey de las Españas.Barcelona, 1634.]
Prince Charles (born 29th November 1600, died 30th January 1649) was the second son of James I., and on the death of his brother Henry became heir to the Crown. He was created Prince of Wales on 3rd November 1616, and while holding this rank he often used some of his brother's book-stamps, differentiating them, however, by the addition of his initials "C. P.," and also by the substitution of gold for silver in places where the latter metal had been used by Prince Henry, as, for instance, in the case of the label of the eldest son and the feathers in the Prince of Wales' plumes.As Prince, Charles had a few small books bound for him in red leather, the first instance of its use for English Royal bindings, and towards the end of his reign again he had several fine bindings made for him in the fine red morocco which was so largely used by Samuel Mearne for Charles II. Whether Charles I.'s red bindings were made by Mearne is doubtful, but it is possible that they were. They are quite plain except for the fine coat-of-arms in the centre, and for delicate gold tooling, of Mearne style, in the panels of the back. Charles I. was a patron of the Arts and a man of cultured and literary tastes. The style of binding that is generally associated with his name is of a better order than the semis and heavy corners which marked the bindings made for James I.Many of James I.'s stamps were, however, used by King Charles I., and in a majority of cases it is only by the date of the printing of the book that it is possible to say to which king the volume belonged. There is a tendency for the corner-pieces to become less, and also a tendency to substitute a more distinguished manner with regard to small gold toolings than that of the formal symmetrical repetition so prevalent in the previous reign.
Prince Charles (born 29th November 1600, died 30th January 1649) was the second son of James I., and on the death of his brother Henry became heir to the Crown. He was created Prince of Wales on 3rd November 1616, and while holding this rank he often used some of his brother's book-stamps, differentiating them, however, by the addition of his initials "C. P.," and also by the substitution of gold for silver in places where the latter metal had been used by Prince Henry, as, for instance, in the case of the label of the eldest son and the feathers in the Prince of Wales' plumes.
As Prince, Charles had a few small books bound for him in red leather, the first instance of its use for English Royal bindings, and towards the end of his reign again he had several fine bindings made for him in the fine red morocco which was so largely used by Samuel Mearne for Charles II. Whether Charles I.'s red bindings were made by Mearne is doubtful, but it is possible that they were. They are quite plain except for the fine coat-of-arms in the centre, and for delicate gold tooling, of Mearne style, in the panels of the back. Charles I. was a patron of the Arts and a man of cultured and literary tastes. The style of binding that is generally associated with his name is of a better order than the semis and heavy corners which marked the bindings made for James I.
Many of James I.'s stamps were, however, used by King Charles I., and in a majority of cases it is only by the date of the printing of the book that it is possible to say to which king the volume belonged. There is a tendency for the corner-pieces to become less, and also a tendency to substitute a more distinguished manner with regard to small gold toolings than that of the formal symmetrical repetition so prevalent in the previous reign.
Arms.—Within the Garter. Quarterly.
1st and 4th grand quarters; France and England quarterly.2nd grand quarter; Scotland.3rd grand quarter; Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.).
1st and 4th grand quarters; France and England quarterly.
2nd grand quarter; Scotland.
3rd grand quarter; Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.).
Crest.—A Royal Crown ppr., thereon a lion statant guardant or, crowned ppr.
Helmet.—Royal.
Supporters.—A lion and a unicorn, as used by James I. (q.v.).
Motto.—Diev et mon droit.
Initials.—C. R. (Carolus Rex).
[Reynold'sWorks, 1658.]
Variety.—Without Supporters.
[Common Prayer.London, 1660.]
Variety.—Within the Garter and without Supporters.
[Paraphrasis in Psalmos Davidis.Salmurii, 1662.]
The Royal name and title abbreviated. "Car. Rex" (Carolus Rex) ensigned with a Royal Crown, and with the motto "Diev et mon droit."
[Sanderson.Complete History of the Life and Raigne of King Charles.London, 1658.]
Crowned initials "C.C." adossés, within palm branches, commonly found on books bound for Charles II. by Samuel Mearne, the Royal Bookbinder.
[Cranzius.Vandaliae and Saxoniae Alberti Cranzii Continuatio.Wittebergae, 1586.]
Charles II. (born May 1630, died 6th February 1685) was the elder son of Charles I. In 1660 Charles ascended the throne of England, although his accession is sometimes counted from the date of the death of Charles I., 30th January 1649. In Scotland it is always so dated.Samuel Mearne was appointed Royal Bookbinder to Charles II. in June 1660, and he bound the greater number of the King's books in a beautiful red morocco. On most of these bindings the King's initials within a palm spray appear, and sometimes the edges of the leaves of the books have designs painted upon them, only showing when the book is open. Charles II. also used several of the book-stamps that had been made for Charles I.Mearne was one of the greatest bookbinders of any time, and apart from the splendid work he did for Charles II., he executed numbers of other bindings, many of which are inlaid and have the leather stained and painted. He invented what is known as the "Cottage" design, and his style and detail is often copied even at the present time.
Charles II. (born May 1630, died 6th February 1685) was the elder son of Charles I. In 1660 Charles ascended the throne of England, although his accession is sometimes counted from the date of the death of Charles I., 30th January 1649. In Scotland it is always so dated.
Samuel Mearne was appointed Royal Bookbinder to Charles II. in June 1660, and he bound the greater number of the King's books in a beautiful red morocco. On most of these bindings the King's initials within a palm spray appear, and sometimes the edges of the leaves of the books have designs painted upon them, only showing when the book is open. Charles II. also used several of the book-stamps that had been made for Charles I.
Mearne was one of the greatest bookbinders of any time, and apart from the splendid work he did for Charles II., he executed numbers of other bindings, many of which are inlaid and have the leather stained and painted. He invented what is known as the "Cottage" design, and his style and detail is often copied even at the present time.
Arms.—On two separate shields, side by side.
Dexter shield: Quarterly.1st and 4th, France and England, quarterly.2nd, Scotland.3rd, Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.).Sinister shield, the arms of Charlotte of Mecklenburg. Quartered.1. Arg., a bull's head in pale sa. (crowned gu.), armed and ringed arg.Mecklenburg.2. Az., a griffin segreant or.Wenden.3. Vert, in chief az., a griffin segreant or. Principality ofSchwerin.4. Gu., a cross pattée arg.Ratzeburg.5. Gu., an arm armoured ppr., holding a ring or, issuing from a cloud. County ofSchwerin.6. Or, a bull's head sa., in bend sinister (crowned gu.), armed and ringed arg.Rostock.
Dexter shield: Quarterly.
1st and 4th, France and England, quarterly.
2nd, Scotland.
3rd, Ireland. All as used by James I. (q.v.).
Sinister shield, the arms of Charlotte of Mecklenburg. Quartered.
1. Arg., a bull's head in pale sa. (crowned gu.), armed and ringed arg.Mecklenburg.
2. Az., a griffin segreant or.Wenden.
3. Vert, in chief az., a griffin segreant or. Principality ofSchwerin.
4. Gu., a cross pattée arg.Ratzeburg.
5. Gu., an arm armoured ppr., holding a ring or, issuing from a cloud. County ofSchwerin.
6. Or, a bull's head sa., in bend sinister (crowned gu.), armed and ringed arg.Rostock.
Over all, on an escutcheon of pretence, the arms ofStargard, per fess, gu. and or.
The two shields are ensigned with the Royal Crown of England.
This stamp is probably of foreign design, as it will be noted that the Royal coat-of-arms of England is as that used by Queen Anne before 1706, and not that used by George III., for whom it is intended.
[Ceffalonie.Monument élevé à la gloire de Pierre-le-Grand.Paris, 1777.]
Charlotte Sophia (born 16th May 1744, died 17th November 1818) was the youngest daughter of Charles Louis, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.In 1761 the Princess married George III., King of England, and her married life was uneventful. As Queen she devoted herself entirely to domestic matters.
Charlotte Sophia (born 16th May 1744, died 17th November 1818) was the youngest daughter of Charles Louis, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
In 1761 the Princess married George III., King of England, and her married life was uneventful. As Queen she devoted herself entirely to domestic matters.
Arms.—Quartered.
1. Az., a chevron between 3 mullets or.Chetwynd.2. Arg., 2 chevrons az.Bagot.3. Quarterly, arg. and az., on a bend gu., 3 fleurs-de-lys or.Garshall.4. Arg., 3 bars sa.Raymond.5. Gu., 10 billets or.Salter.6. Sa., 3 fishes naiant in pale or.Verney.7. Gu., a lion rampant erm.Meriford.8. Gu., 5 piles issuing from the sinister.Henderson(?).9. Sa., 3 pheons arg.Egertonof Shropshire.10. Paly wavy of 6, arg. and gu.Gurnon.11. Arg., a chevron between 3 oak leaves vert.Haslerigg.12. Az., a lion rampant or.Hetherfield.
1. Az., a chevron between 3 mullets or.Chetwynd.
2. Arg., 2 chevrons az.Bagot.
3. Quarterly, arg. and az., on a bend gu., 3 fleurs-de-lys or.Garshall.
4. Arg., 3 bars sa.Raymond.
5. Gu., 10 billets or.Salter.
6. Sa., 3 fishes naiant in pale or.Verney.
7. Gu., a lion rampant erm.Meriford.
8. Gu., 5 piles issuing from the sinister.Henderson(?).
9. Sa., 3 pheons arg.Egertonof Shropshire.
10. Paly wavy of 6, arg. and gu.Gurnon.
11. Arg., a chevron between 3 oak leaves vert.Haslerigg.
12. Az., a lion rampant or.Hetherfield.
[Democritus.Anatomy of Melancholy.Oxford, 1628.]
Walter Chetwynd (born circ. 1620, died 1693) was a son of Walter Chetwynd of Ingestre, in Staffordshire. He was Member of Parliament for Stafford, and for Staffordshire, and Sheriff in 1680.Chetwynd was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and an Antiquary, particularly as concerned the County of Staffordshire. He was a friend of Dr. Robert Plot, who wroteThe Natural History of Staffordshirein 1686, and assisted him in many ways. His collections of drawings and manuscripts were nearly all lost in a fire at Ingestre in 1882.
Walter Chetwynd (born circ. 1620, died 1693) was a son of Walter Chetwynd of Ingestre, in Staffordshire. He was Member of Parliament for Stafford, and for Staffordshire, and Sheriff in 1680.
Chetwynd was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and an Antiquary, particularly as concerned the County of Staffordshire. He was a friend of Dr. Robert Plot, who wroteThe Natural History of Staffordshirein 1686, and assisted him in many ways. His collections of drawings and manuscripts were nearly all lost in a fire at Ingestre in 1882.
Arms.—Quarterly; arg. and az., on a bend gu., 3 quatrefoils of the first.Chitting.
Crest.—A talbot's head erased arg.
Helmet.—That of an Esquire.
Motto.—Fidelitate et sagacitate.
Initials.—H. C. (Henry Chitting).
[Collection of rolls of the reigns of many kings.Stowe, 601.]
Henry Chitting (born 1580 (?), died 1638) was a herald and genealogist. In 1618 he became Chester Herald, and conducted several of the heraldic visitations of English counties. Chitting wrote a valuable work on theExtinct Baronage of England, and others of less general importance.
Henry Chitting (born 1580 (?), died 1638) was a herald and genealogist. In 1618 he became Chester Herald, and conducted several of the heraldic visitations of English counties. Chitting wrote a valuable work on theExtinct Baronage of England, and others of less general importance.
Arms.—Gu., in chief 2 helmets in profile arg., and in base a garb or.Cholmondeley.
Coronet.—That of an Earl.
[Faerni.Fabulae.London, 1743.]
George Cholmondeley (born 2nd January 1702, died 10th June 1770) was the son of George, second Earl Cholmondeley, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1733. He was Member of Parliament for East Looe, and afterwards for Windsor, and Governor of Chester Castle. In 1725 Viscount Malpas, the courtesy title used by George Cholmondeley, was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath, and he subsequently held the offices of Master of the Robes, Master of the Horse, and was Lord Lieutenant of North Wales and of Montgomery. In 1736 he became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and in 1743 Lord Privy Seal. He held the rank of Lieutenant-General in the army.
George Cholmondeley (born 2nd January 1702, died 10th June 1770) was the son of George, second Earl Cholmondeley, and succeeded his father in the Earldom in 1733. He was Member of Parliament for East Looe, and afterwards for Windsor, and Governor of Chester Castle. In 1725 Viscount Malpas, the courtesy title used by George Cholmondeley, was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath, and he subsequently held the offices of Master of the Robes, Master of the Horse, and was Lord Lieutenant of North Wales and of Montgomery. In 1736 he became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and in 1743 Lord Privy Seal. He held the rank of Lieutenant-General in the army.
Arms.—Impaled.
Dexter: Quarterly.1st and 4th sa., a lion rampant arg., on a canton of the last a cross gu.Churchill.2nd and 3rd quarterly, arg. and gu., in the second and third quarters a fret or; over all on a bend sa., 3 escallops of the first.Spencer.Sinister: Or, a bend sa.; over all a lion rampant gu.Abernethy(?).
Dexter: Quarterly.
1st and 4th sa., a lion rampant arg., on a canton of the last a cross gu.Churchill.
2nd and 3rd quarterly, arg. and gu., in the second and third quarters a fret or; over all on a bend sa., 3 escallops of the first.Spencer.
Sinister: Or, a bend sa.; over all a lion rampant gu.Abernethy(?).
Coronet.—That of a Duke.
Motto.—Fiel pero desdichado.
The whole arms are borne upon an Imperial eagle, the heraldic indication of the rank of a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, a dignity given to John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough. The eagle is ensigned with a closed crown, the circlet of which bears the strawberry leaves and pearls of an English Marquis.
[Ferrarotto.Della preeminenza dell' officio di Stradicò della nobile città di Messina.Venetiis, 1593.]
Variety.—Used as Marquis of Blandford before 1817.Spencer.
Arms.—Quarterly.
1st and 4th quarterly, arg. and gu., on the second and third quarters a fret or; over all on a bend sa., 3 escallops of the first.Spencer.2nd and 3rd sa., a lion rampant arg., on a canton of the last a cross gu.Churchill.
1st and 4th quarterly, arg. and gu., on the second and third quarters a fret or; over all on a bend sa., 3 escallops of the first.Spencer.
2nd and 3rd sa., a lion rampant arg., on a canton of the last a cross gu.Churchill.
Coronet.—That of a Marquis.
Motto.—Dieu defend le droit.
The whole arms are borne upon an Imperial eagle as before, but in this case the whole is ensigned with a Royal orb between the two horns of a crescent arg., issuing from a Marquis's coronet.
[Colonna.Discours du Songe de Poliphile.Paris, 1654.]
George Spencer, afterwards Spencer-Churchill (born 6th March 1766, died 5th March 1840), was the son of George, fourth Duke of Marlborough. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, and served as Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire and for Tregony, and was a Lord of the Treasury. He married Susan, daughter of the Earl of Galloway.In 1817, on the death of his father, he succeeded to the Dukedom of Marlborough, and in the same year he assumed by Royal Licence the surname and arms of Churchill in addition to his patronymic of Spencer. This was done in memory of the first Duke of Marlborough, who left no male heir, but whose second daughter Anne had married Charles Spencer, third Earl of Sunderland, and their son Charles, fifth Earl of Sunderland, succeeded his aunt Henrietta,suo jureDuchess of Marlborough, in the Dukedom in 1733. While Marquis of Blandford the Duke collected a magnificent library at his house, White Knights, near Reading, but extravagance in living compelled him to part with it by auction in 1819.
George Spencer, afterwards Spencer-Churchill (born 6th March 1766, died 5th March 1840), was the son of George, fourth Duke of Marlborough. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, and served as Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire and for Tregony, and was a Lord of the Treasury. He married Susan, daughter of the Earl of Galloway.
In 1817, on the death of his father, he succeeded to the Dukedom of Marlborough, and in the same year he assumed by Royal Licence the surname and arms of Churchill in addition to his patronymic of Spencer. This was done in memory of the first Duke of Marlborough, who left no male heir, but whose second daughter Anne had married Charles Spencer, third Earl of Sunderland, and their son Charles, fifth Earl of Sunderland, succeeded his aunt Henrietta,suo jureDuchess of Marlborough, in the Dukedom in 1733. While Marquis of Blandford the Duke collected a magnificent library at his house, White Knights, near Reading, but extravagance in living compelled him to part with it by auction in 1819.
Arms.—Impaled.
Dexter: Arg., a chevron gu., between 3 boars' heads erased arg.Cochrane.Sinister: Az., 3 mullets arg., within a double tressure flory counterflory or.Murray.
Dexter: Arg., a chevron gu., between 3 boars' heads erased arg.Cochrane.
Sinister: Az., 3 mullets arg., within a double tressure flory counterflory or.Murray.
Coronet.—That of an Earl.
[Settle.Virtute Sacellum.London, 1720.]
John Cochrane (born 1660 (?), died 5th June 1720) was the second son of John, second Earl of Dundonald, and succeeded his brother William in the Earldom in 1705. In 1706 he married Anne, daughter of Charles Murray, Earl of Dunmore. Lord Dundonald was a Representative Peer of Scotland and Colonel of the 4th Regiment of Horse Guards.
John Cochrane (born 1660 (?), died 5th June 1720) was the second son of John, second Earl of Dundonald, and succeeded his brother William in the Earldom in 1705. In 1706 he married Anne, daughter of Charles Murray, Earl of Dunmore. Lord Dundonald was a Representative Peer of Scotland and Colonel of the 4th Regiment of Horse Guards.
Crest.—On a mount vert, a stag lodged reguardant arg., attired sa., and gorged with a chaplet of laurel leaves vert.Cocks.
Coronet.—That of a Baron.
[Common Prayer.London, 1669.]
John Somers Cocks (born 6th May 1760, died circ. 1841) was the son of Charles Cocks, Baron Somers, and was educated at Oxford. He was successively Member of Parliament for West Looe, for Grampound, and for Reigate. In 1806 he succeeded to his father's barony, and in 1821 was created Earl Somers. Lord Somers married as his second wife, Jane, daughter of his Uncle James, and widow of the Rev. George Waddington.
John Somers Cocks (born 6th May 1760, died circ. 1841) was the son of Charles Cocks, Baron Somers, and was educated at Oxford. He was successively Member of Parliament for West Looe, for Grampound, and for Reigate. In 1806 he succeeded to his father's barony, and in 1821 was created Earl Somers. Lord Somers married as his second wife, Jane, daughter of his Uncle James, and widow of the Rev. George Waddington.
Arms.—Impaled.
Dexter: Per pale, gu. and az., 3 eagles displayed or.Coke.Sinister: Sa., an eagle displayed erm.Tufton.
Dexter: Per pale, gu. and az., 3 eagles displayed or.Coke.
Sinister: Sa., an eagle displayed erm.Tufton.
Crest.—On a chapeau az., turned up erm., an ostrich arg., holding in its mouth a horseshoe or.
Helmet.—That of an Esquire.
Motto.—Prudens qui patiens.
[Morgues.Diverses Pièces pour la Defense de la Royne Mère du Roy Louys XIII.Paris, 1637.]
Thomas Coke (born circ. 1699, died 20th April 1759) was the eldest son of Edward Coke of Holkham in Norfolk. In 1725 Mr. Coke was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath, and in 1728 he was created Baron Lovel. In 1733 Lord Lovel was Postmaster-General, and in 1744 he was given a step in the Peerage and created Viscount Coke and Earl of Leicester. In 1718 Lord Leicester married Lady Mary Tufton, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Thanet. He left no heir, but the Earldom of Leicester was revived in 1837 in the person of one of his collateral descendants.
Thomas Coke (born circ. 1699, died 20th April 1759) was the eldest son of Edward Coke of Holkham in Norfolk. In 1725 Mr. Coke was made a Knight of the Order of the Bath, and in 1728 he was created Baron Lovel. In 1733 Lord Lovel was Postmaster-General, and in 1744 he was given a step in the Peerage and created Viscount Coke and Earl of Leicester. In 1718 Lord Leicester married Lady Mary Tufton, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Thanet. He left no heir, but the Earldom of Leicester was revived in 1837 in the person of one of his collateral descendants.
Arms.—On two separate shields side by side.
Dexter shield: Arg., a cross gu., being the arms of St. George of England.Sinister shield: Az., a harp or, stringed arg., being the Harp of Ireland.
Dexter shield: Arg., a cross gu., being the arms of St. George of England.
Sinister shield: Az., a harp or, stringed arg., being the Harp of Ireland.
Motto.—God with vs.
Legend.—The Commonwealth of England.
[Proclamations of the Lord Protector, G. 5194.]
The Commonwealth was established in England in 1649, and Oliver Cromwell made Protector. In 1649 Charles, Prince of Wales, was crowned King at Scone, and in the next year at Carlisle. In 1658, on the death of Cromwell, the people of England felt that the Commonwealth had lasted long enough, and in 1660 Charles II. returned among general rejoicings. From a bookbinding point of view the period of the Commonwealth was one of little interest, but on the Restoration, Samuel Mearne raised the standard of English bookbinding to a very high level.
The Commonwealth was established in England in 1649, and Oliver Cromwell made Protector. In 1649 Charles, Prince of Wales, was crowned King at Scone, and in the next year at Carlisle. In 1658, on the death of Cromwell, the people of England felt that the Commonwealth had lasted long enough, and in 1660 Charles II. returned among general rejoicings. From a bookbinding point of view the period of the Commonwealth was one of little interest, but on the Restoration, Samuel Mearne raised the standard of English bookbinding to a very high level.
Arms.—Arg., a chevron between 3 coots sa.Coote.
Crest.—A coot ppr.
Motto.—Vincit veritas.
[Boulainvilliers.Parliaments of France.London, 1739.]
Charles Coote (born circ. 1761, died 19th November 1835) was the son of a London bookseller, John Coote, and was educated at St. Paul's School and at Oxford, where he distinguished himself by his diligence and literary tastes. He took his D.C.L. degree in 1789. Dr. Coote wrote several historical works of much importance, and in 1789 he was admitted to the College of Advocates, but he never appears to have taken much to law. His son H. C. Coote was an author of much note and a high authority on the subject of the Romans in Britain.
Charles Coote (born circ. 1761, died 19th November 1835) was the son of a London bookseller, John Coote, and was educated at St. Paul's School and at Oxford, where he distinguished himself by his diligence and literary tastes. He took his D.C.L. degree in 1789. Dr. Coote wrote several historical works of much importance, and in 1789 he was admitted to the College of Advocates, but he never appears to have taken much to law. His son H. C. Coote was an author of much note and a high authority on the subject of the Romans in Britain.
Arms.—Quartered.
1. Az., an eagle displayed arg.Cotton.2. Sa., a fess dancetté between 3 mullets arg.Wesenham.3. Or, a saltire gu., a chief of the first.Bruce.4. Three piles gu., meeting in point.Wishart; over all on an escutcheon or, a lion rampant sa., within a double tressure flory counterflory of the second.Buchanan.5. Or, a lion rampant sa., a chief gu.Beauchamp(?).6. Az., a cross flory between 4 martlets or.King Edward the Confessor.
1. Az., an eagle displayed arg.Cotton.
2. Sa., a fess dancetté between 3 mullets arg.Wesenham.
3. Or, a saltire gu., a chief of the first.Bruce.
4. Three piles gu., meeting in point.Wishart; over all on an escutcheon or, a lion rampant sa., within a double tressure flory counterflory of the second.Buchanan.
5. Or, a lion rampant sa., a chief gu.Beauchamp(?).
6. Az., a cross flory between 4 martlets or.King Edward the Confessor.
[Breviary of the Diocese of Salisbury.Parisiis, 1499.]
Variety, with four quarterings only.
[Papeburg.Comment.Basileae, 1551.]
[Sir W. Worsley, Hovingham Hall, York.]
Robert Bruce Cotton (born 22nd January 1570, died 6th May 1631) was the eldest son of Thomas Cotton of Connington, Huntingdon. At an early age he began to collect manuscripts, especially English ones, and the dissolution of the monasteries in the earlier half of the sixteenth century afforded him excellent opportunity of acquiring invaluable examples. So valuable was Cotton's collections, much of it containing official documents, that twice it was sequestrated by the Government; some of it, however, was restored to him. He was made a Baronet in 1611, having previously received the honour of Knighthood. The part of the collection of manuscripts which had been retained by the Government of the day was eventually restored to his son Sir Thomas Cotton.A grandson of Sir Robert, Sir John Cotton, desired to present the collection to the Nation, together with Cotton House, with various conditions as to name and safe custody, and after tedious negotiations thecollection became National property and was deposited in Essex House, Strand; in 1730 it was moved to Ashburnham House, in Little Dean's Yard, Westminster, then the property of the Government, where also the old Royal manuscripts were kept. In 1731 a fire occurred at Ashburnham House, and a large number of manuscripts were burnt and many others badly injured. The remainder were then stored in a dormitory at Westminster School, and here they remained until they were transferred to the British Museum in 1757.The Cottonian collection of manuscripts is now kept in the Manuscript Department at the British Museum; but there are numbers of printed books as well that are widely distributed. A member of the Cotton Family is always a Family Trustee of the British Museum. Sir Robert Cotton wrote a large number of tracts, mainly political. The Cottonian MSS. are curiously arranged under the names of the Roman Emperors.
Robert Bruce Cotton (born 22nd January 1570, died 6th May 1631) was the eldest son of Thomas Cotton of Connington, Huntingdon. At an early age he began to collect manuscripts, especially English ones, and the dissolution of the monasteries in the earlier half of the sixteenth century afforded him excellent opportunity of acquiring invaluable examples. So valuable was Cotton's collections, much of it containing official documents, that twice it was sequestrated by the Government; some of it, however, was restored to him. He was made a Baronet in 1611, having previously received the honour of Knighthood. The part of the collection of manuscripts which had been retained by the Government of the day was eventually restored to his son Sir Thomas Cotton.
A grandson of Sir Robert, Sir John Cotton, desired to present the collection to the Nation, together with Cotton House, with various conditions as to name and safe custody, and after tedious negotiations thecollection became National property and was deposited in Essex House, Strand; in 1730 it was moved to Ashburnham House, in Little Dean's Yard, Westminster, then the property of the Government, where also the old Royal manuscripts were kept. In 1731 a fire occurred at Ashburnham House, and a large number of manuscripts were burnt and many others badly injured. The remainder were then stored in a dormitory at Westminster School, and here they remained until they were transferred to the British Museum in 1757.
The Cottonian collection of manuscripts is now kept in the Manuscript Department at the British Museum; but there are numbers of printed books as well that are widely distributed. A member of the Cotton Family is always a Family Trustee of the British Museum. Sir Robert Cotton wrote a large number of tracts, mainly political. The Cottonian MSS. are curiously arranged under the names of the Roman Emperors.