C. globulosa, medio coarctata, cauda uniseta.Plate XXV.Fig. 30. Globular cercaria, the middle contracted, with a tail like a bristle.
Partly of an oval, and partly of a spherical shape, pellucid, and of a talky appearance. It seems to be composed of two globular bodies, the lowermost of which is the smallest; this figure is occasioned by the contraction at the middle. There are two black points, like eyes, even with a transverse line which crosses the upper part of this little creature; several large globules may alsobe discerned; the tail is sometimes quite straight, sometimes turned back on the body. It is to be found among duck-weed.
C. cylindracea, postice acuminata subfissa.Plate XXV.Fig. 36 and 37. Cylindric cercaria, the hind-part sharp and somewhat cloven.
It resembles the young ones of the podura[126]which live among the lemnæ, is pellucid, and appears to consist of a head, trunk, and tail; the head resembles that of a herring; the trunk is cylindric, replete with black spiral intestines, and appears more or less extended, at the will of the animal; nothing is to be discovered in the hinder-part. The tail most commonly appears to be divided into two bristles. The intestines are in a continual motion when the body moves, and by reason of their various shades give it a very rough appearance; some lateral hairs or cilia are likewise to be perceived. When it moves, it revolves at the same time as upon an axis. It is to be found in November and December, in marshy places that are covered with the lemna. Fig. 36,a, the head;b, the trunk;c, the tail;d, with one point; it is seen ate, Fig. 37, with two points;f, the hairs on the side.
[126]A genus of insects of the order of aptera. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1013.
[126]A genus of insects of the order of aptera. Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 1013.
C. cylindracea mutabilis, postice accuminata fissa. Cylindrical cercaria, mutable, the lower end sharp, and divided into two parts.
This animalculum in some of its states considerably resembles the last, but has a much greater power of changing its shape. It is naturally cylindrical, the lower end sharp, and divided into two parts; but it sometimes contracts the head and tail so as to assume a spherical figure, at other times it projects outwards. It is found in the spring, in ditches of standing water.
C. cylindracea, antice angustior, postice acuminata. Cylindric cercaria, the fore-part smallest, the hind-part pointed.
This is a small cercaria, the body rather opake, and of a round figure. The upper part is bright, and smaller than the rest; the trunk is more opake; the tail sharp, and near it a little row of short hairs. It has a slow rotatory motion. It is found in salt water, though but seldom.
C. cylindrica, antice subtruncata, postice obtusa, bimucronata. Cylindrical cercaria, the fore-part somewhat truncated, the lower part obtuse, finishing with two small points.
A cylindrical opake animalculum, with two small points at the lower end, moveable, yet rigid, and placed at some distance; when in motion, the body appears to be surrounded with rows of small hairs separated a little from each other. It was observed in salt water.
C. cylindraceo-ventricosa, antice oblique truncata, cauda lineari bicuspidata. Cylindrical, ventricose cercaria, the fore-part obliquely truncated, the tail linear, terminating with two diverging points.
The body is ventricose, cylindrical, thick, and wrinkled; the lower part small, the upper part terminates in a small, straight neck, like that of a pitcher; the tail terminates in two diverging points.
C. tripartita, cauda bisecta. Three-parted cercaria, the tail divided into two parts.
This animalculum is more complex in its form than many others; it has a moveable head, which is affixed to the body only by a point; an abdomen, which is not so wide, but twice as long as the head, replete with intestines; and a tail which is shorter than the head, narrower than the belly, and terminating in two bristles, which it can unite and separate at pleasure. It moves with vivacity, though without going far from its own place.
C. tripartita, cauda bicuspidata. Cercaria distinguished into three parts, with a short forked tail.
It differs from the preceding in several respects, being larger, the body thicker, and more cylindrical; the lower part truncated, with two short diverging points projecting from the middle. It was found in a ditch containing plenty of duck-weed.
C. cylindrica, elongata, torosa cauda spinis duabus.Plate XXV.Fig. 39. Cylindric cercaria, long, the tail furnished with two spines.
This animalculum is larger than most of the cercarias, and in some particulars resembles the vorticella. It is full of muscles, capable of being contracted or extended; cylindric, composed of a head, a trunk, and a tail; the head is larger than the body, the apex turned down into a little hook; the tail is like the body, but narrower, terminating in two very bright spines, which it extends in different directions; sometimes it contracts itself into one half its common size; and again extends itself as before. It was found in water among duck-weed.athe head,bthe trunk,cthe tail,d dthe spines thereof.
C. cylindrica annulata, proboscide exsertili, cauda spina duplici.Plate XXV.Fig. 40. Cylindrical,annulated, with a projecting proboscis, two small spines for the tail.
It is a long, cylindrical, fleshy, mutable animalculum, divided into eight or nine rings, or folding plaits; the apex either obtuse or notched into two points; the hind-part rather acute, and terminating in two pellucid thorns, between which a swelling is sometimes perceived. It often projects a kind of cloven proboscis. It is found in water where duck-weed grows.d dthe points of the fore-part,ethe proboscis.
C. cylindrica, rugosa, proboscide forcipata exsertili, cauda bicuspidata.
Cylindrical cercaria, wrinkled, with a forked proboscis, which it can extend, or retract. It is found in marshy situations.
C. orbicularis, cauda uniseta. Orbicular, the tail consisting of one bristle.
It is membranaceous, rather round, and white. In the fore-part are two blackish points; the hind-part is furnished with a slender sharp tail; it has orbicular intestines of different sizes in the middle; the largest of them are bright. Its motion is staggering or wavering; in swimming it keeps one edge of the lateral membrane upwards; the other folded down. It is found in water which has been kept for several months.
C. subtriangularis, brachiis deflexis, cauda recta.Plate XXV.Fig. 38. Cercaria somewhat of a triangular form, two bent arms, and a straight tail.
The body is flat, pellucid, and triangular, having each angle of the base or fore-part bent down into two linear arms; the apex of the triangle is prolonged into a tail. It was found in salt water;b, the tail;a a, the bent arms.
C. ovalis, postice subemarginata, cauda extersili. This is oval, the hind-part somewhat notched, with a tail that it thrusts out at pleasure.
It has an oval, smooth, membranaceous, and pellucid body, with a black margin. The tail is not fixed to the edge, but concealed under it, and comes out from it at every motion, but in such a manner, as to project but little from the edge. There is also a kind of border to the hinder-part. Its intestines are very pellucid vesicles. It is frequently found in pure water.
C. membranacea, antice crassiuscula, truncata, cauda triplo breviore. Membranaceous, the fore-part rather thick, truncated, the tail three times shorter.
It is an oval, pellucid membrane, something larger than the monas lens. The fore-edge is thick and truncated, the hinder-part acute, and terminating in a short tail. It whirls about in various directions with great velocity.
C. orbicularis, cauda curvata. A small orbicular animalculum, with a bent tail.
C. orbicularis, seta caudali duplici longissima. Orbicular cercaria, with a tail consisting of two very long bristles.
C. orbicularis, cauda lineari duplici brevi. This is likewise orbicular, with two short spines for a tail; the fore-part hollowed, so as to form a kind of crescent.
Vermis inconspicuus, pellucidus, undique ciliatus. An invisible worm, pellucid, and everywhere ciliated.
L. sphærica, subopaca, interaneis mobilibus. Spherical opake leucophra, with moveable intestines.
This animalculum, or rather a heap of animalcula, is larger than most species of the vorticella; it is perfectly spherical, and semi-transparent, of a yellow colour, the edges dark. It rolls at intervals from right to left, but seldom removes from the spot where it is first found. It is filled with a number of the most minute molecules, which move as if they were in a violent conflict. In proportion to the number of these little combatants, which are accumulated either on one side or the other, the whole mass rolls either to the right or left, the molecules going in the same direction; it is then tranquil for a short time, but the conflict soon becomes more violent, and the sphere moves the contrary way in a spiral line. When the water begins to fail, they assume an oblong, oval, or cylindric figure; the hind-part of some being compressed into a triangular shape, and the transparent part escaping as it were from the intestines, which continue to move with the same violence till the water wholly fails, when the molecules are spread into a shapeless mass, which also soon vanishes, and the whole shoot into a form, having the appearanceof crystals of sal ammoniac, as figured by Baker. Empl. for the Micros. Plate III. No. 3.
L. sphærica, opaca, papilla exsertili. Sphærical opake leucophra, with a small papillary projection.
It is of a dark colour, and filled with globular molecules, the short hairs are curved inwards; and it occasionally projects and retracts a little white protuberance. It is not uncommon in marshy water.
L. cylindracea, opaca, postice crassiore. Cylindrical, opake, leucophra, the lower part much thicker than the upper part.
This is a large, pear-shaped, greenish coloured animalculum, filled with opake molecules, and covered with short hairs; generally moving in a straight line. It is found in salt water.
L. ovalis opaca. Oval, opake leucophra.
Though at first sight it may be taken for a variety of the leucophra virescens; yet, on a further examination, it differs in many particulars; it cannot lengthen and shorten itself as that does. It is also much smaller. Sometimes it appears contracted in the middle, as if it were about to be divided in two.
L. viridis, ovalis, antice truncata. Green oval leucophra, the fore-part truncated.
This is similar in many respects to the foregoing leucophra; it is of a long oval shape, bulging in the middle, and filled withgreen molecules; every where ciliated, except at the apex, which is truncated, and shaped somewhat like a purse; the hairs larger, and sometimes collected in minute fasciculi. It is to be found in salt water.
L. globularis, opaca, reticulo pellucenti. This is globular and opake, covered as it were with a pellucid net. It was found in fetid salt water.
L. ovalis, fulva, utraque extremitate æquali obtusus. Oval yellow leucophra, both ends of it equally obtuse.
The little hairs are discovered with difficulty; it has, in general, a vehement rotatory motion.
L. ovalis, gelatinosa, apice truncato obtusa altera latera suffossa. Oval gelatinous leucophra, the apex obtusely truncated, one side sunk down.
Gelatinous, yellow, and small, without any molecules; the forepart is truncated, the hind-part brought nearly to a point, with a kind of oval hole on one side. It was found in salt water.
L. elongata, sinuato angulata subdepressa. Leucophra long, with sinuated angles, rather flat.
The body is white, gelatinous, and granulated; it changes its form considerably.
L. complanata, mutabilis, marginibus sinuatis. Smooth changeable leucophra, with a sinuated edge.
A gelatinous membrane, with a few grey molecules in the forepart, and a great number in the hinder-part; it is sometimes dilated into a triangular form, with sinuated sides; at other times the shape is more irregular and oblong.
L. ovalis, teres, opaca, viridis. Oval, round, opake, green leucophra.
This animalculum is supposed to be ciliated, from its bright twinkling appearance, which probably arises from the motion it gives the water; it is nearly of an egg-shape. It was found in December among the lemna minor.
L. ovata, interaneis vesicularibus.Plate XXV.Fig. 41. Oval leucophra, with vesicular intestines.
An animalculum that is a kind of mean between the orbicular and oval, very pellucid, with a defined dark edge and inside, containing some very bright vesicles, or bladders. The middle frequently appears blue, and the vesicles seem as if set in a ground of that colour. Müller could never perceive any of those rays which are mentioned by Spallanzani; he confesses, however, that he once saw an individual like this environed with very small unequal shining rays.
L. crystallina, ovato-oblonga. Crystalline leucophra, of an oblong oval shape.
The body is round, very pellucid, without molecular intestines, though at one edge it has three little pellucid globules; it is everywhere set with short hairs. It was found in a ditch where the lemna minor grew.
L. ovato oblonga, postice oblique truncata. An oblong oval leucophra, the lower end obliquely truncated.
The body is white, gelatinous, and somewhat granulated; the lower part truncated, as if an oblique section were made in an egg near the bottom. It is covered with little erect shining hairs; at the lower extremities a few bright pustules may be discovered. It is found in marshy waters.
L. inverse conica, subopaca. Leucophra in shape like an inverted cone, and rather opake.
It is a round pellucid body, somewhat of the shape of an acorn, with a pellucid globule at the lower end. It was found in fetid salt water.
L. ovata, teres, apice acuto, mutabilis, flaviscans. Oval leucophra, round, with the apex acute, mutable, yellow.
This is gelatinous, thick, and capable of assuming different shapes; the apex bright, and the rest of the body filled with innumerable little spherules; sometimes it draws itself up into an orbicular shape, at other times one edge is sinuated. It was found in salt water.
L. ovata, teres, puncto marginali atro. Oval leucophra, round, with a black point at the edge.
L. hyalina, oblonga, altera extremitate attenuata, curvata. Leucophra of a talky appearance, oblong, one end smaller than the other, and bent back.
The body membranaceous, flat, very white, with no visible intestines, except two oval bodies which are with difficulty perceptible; the whole edge is ciliated. Found in an infusion with salt water.
L. ovato-oblonga, depressa, serie nodulorum duplici. An oblong oval species of leucophra, with a double row of little nodules.
L. oblonga, subdepressa. Oblong, subdepressed leucophra, with a black margin, filled with little molecular globules, but more particularly distinguished by a curved line in the middle, something in the shape of a long S; one end of which is at times bent into the form of a small spiral. It is common in salt water, in the months of November and December.
L. crassa, obtusa, angulata, flava. Thick, obtuse, angular, and yellow leucophra.
A yellow, triangular mass, filled with unequal pellucid vesicles, one of which is much larger than the rest, and the edge surrounded with short fluctuating hairs. It was found in a marshy situation, but is not common.
L. subreniformis, ventricosa. Leucophra somewhat of a kidney shape, but ventricose.
L. sinuata reniformis. Reniform, sinuated leucophra.
L. teres annularis. Round annular leucophra.
L. inverse conica, viridis opaca.Plate XXV.Fig. 42 and 43. An inverted cone, green, opake.
It bears some resemblance to the vorticella polymorpha,No. 290, and the vorticella viridis,No. 283, and requires to be observed for some time before its peculiar characters can be ascertained; the body is composed of molecular vesicles, of a dark green colour; for the most part it is like an inverted cone, the fore-part being wide and truncated, with a little prominent horn or hook on both sides; the hind-part conical, everywhere ciliated, the hairs exceedingly minute; those in the fore-part are three times longer than the latter, and move in a circular direction. The hinder-part is pellucid, and sometimes terminates in two or three obtuse pellucid projections. The animalculum will at one moment appear oval, at another reniform, and ciliated at the fore-part; but at another time the hairs are concealed. When the water evaporates, it breaks or dissolves into molecular vesicles. It is found late in the year in marshy grounds. Fig. 42,a, the hinder-part pointed;g, the cilia;h h, the sides. Fig. 43,b, the hinder-part obtuse;e, the fore-part;f, the horns.
L. cylindrica, antice obtusa, postice organo cristato duplici exsertili.Plate XXV.Fig. 44 and 45. Cylindrical leucophra, the fore-part obtuse, the hind-part furnished with a double-tufted organ, which it can thrust in or out at pleasure. To the naked eye it appears like a white point; in the microscope, as a cylindrical body, the fore-part obtusely round, the middle rather drawn in, the lower-part round, but much smaller than the upper-part. With a large magnifying power the whole body is found to be ciliated. The intestines are very visible. It is represented in Fig. 44 as it generally appears;a, the fore-part;b, the hind-part;d, the hooked intestines;in Fig. 45, with the plumed organs;i i, the plumes;g g, the sheaths from which they are projected.
Vermis inconspicuus, pellucidus, crinitus. An invisible, pellucid, hairy worm.
T. sphærica, pellucida, superne crinata. Spherical, pellucid, the upper-part hairy.
A most minute pellucid globule, the intestines scarce visible, the top of its surface furnished with several short bristles, which are not easily distinguished, as the animalculum has a power of extending and withdrawing them in an instant. It is found in pure water, and in infusions of vegetables.
T. sphærica, antice crinita, globulo appendente.Plate XXV.Fig. 46 and 47. Spherical, the fore-part hairy, with an appendant globule.
It is a pellucid globule, replete with bright intestines, the fore-part furnished with hairs, the hind-part with a pellucid appendant globule.
T. sphærica, centro opaco peripheria crinita.Plate XXV.Fig. 48. Spherical, with an opake center, the periphery hairy.
It resembles the trichoda grandinella and trichoda cometa just described. It has a darkish nucleus in the center; its intestines are imperceptible; short hairs on the edge.
T. subpiriformis, pellucida, antice utrinque crinita. Trichoda somewhat of a pear-shape, pellucid, each side of the fore-part distinguished by a little bunch of hairs.
T. ovalis, teres, crystallina, antice crinita. Oval, round, crystalline trichoda, the front hairy.
It is one of the smallest among the trichoda, the body smooth and free from hairs, except at the fore-part, where there are a few. It is found in salt water.
T. globularis, undique radiata.Plate XXV.Fig. 65 and 66. Globular trichoda, everywhere radiated.
This splendid creature constitutes a new genus, but as we know of no more of the same kind, it is introduced here. It is a little crystalline round corpuscle, the upper part convex; it is beset with innumerable diverging rays, which are longer than the diameter of the body, proceeding from every part of its surface: the inside is full of molecules. The body contracts and dilates, but the animalculum remains confined to the same spot. It was found with other animalcula in water which had been kept for three weeks. It propagates by division, and is represented as dividing in Fig. 66.
T. sphæroidea, peripheria crinita. Spheroidal trichoda, with a few hairs round the circumference.
The body is orbicular, bright, and filled with globular intestines; in many, a moveable substance, something like the letter S, may be discovered; it has hairs, seldom exceeding seventeen innumber, which are disposed round the circumference, each of them nearly equal in length to the diameter of the animalculum.
T. mutabilis, antice pilis sparsis.Plate XXV.Fig. 67 and 68. Changeable, with a few hairs dispersed on the fore-part.
It is a thick animalculum, larger than the trichoda granata,No. 174, and of a yellow colour; pellucid, and replete with clay-like molecules; it is very lively, moving about with so much velocity, as to elude the sharpest sight and most pertinacious observer, and assuming various shapes, sometimes appearing spherical, sometimes reniform, or kidney-shaped, sometimes as at Fig. 67.
T. orbicularis, antice emarginata crinita. Orbicular, the fore-part notched and hairy.
It in some, respects resembles the former, but is larger. It is composed of vesicular molecules; is of a spherical figure, smooth, pellucid, and a little notched in the fore-part. The notched part is filled with long hairs, but there are none on the rest of the body.
T. urceolaris, antice crinita.Plate XXV.Fig. 64. This trichoda is in the form of a water pitcher, the fore-part hairy.
A membranaceous pellucid animalculum, the hind-part obtuse, the middle something broader, the fore-part truncated, filled with vesicular black molecules; the hairs in the fore-part are even and short. Its motion is slow.
T. urceolaris, antice angustata, ora apicis utrinque crinita. Pitcher-shaped trichoda, the fore-part smallest; the upper part of the mouth hairy at the edges.
The body is of a clay-colour, and filled with molecules; the upper-part cylindrical and truncated, the lower part spherical.
T. subconica antice latiuscula, truncata postice obtusa, setis radiantibus cincta. Trichoda somewhat of a conical form, the fore-part rather broad and truncated, the lower-part obtuse, and the whole covered with radiating bristles.
T. ovata, rostro brevissimo crinito. Egg-shaped, with a short hairy beak.
T. Semiorbicularis, antice subtus crinita. Semiorbicular, the fore-part hairy underneath.
A smooth pellucid animalculum, and shaped like a crescent.
T. convexa, antice ciliata, postice erosa.Plate XXV.Fig. 63. Convex, the fore-part ciliated, the hind-part as it were gnawed off.
This is a triangular animalculum, a little convex on both sides, the fore-part acute, the hind-part a little broader. A notch is seen ata, in the hind-part;b, the ciliated fore-part;c, a tube.
T. clavata, antice crinita, postice grossa. This is clubbed, the fore-part hairy, the hind-part large.
This animalculum is round, not very pellucid, narrow in the fore-part, and resembling an inverted club; it is also like some of the tinea.
T. ovalis compressa, antice latior crinita. Oval, compressed trichoda, the fore-part broader and hairy.
The body is opake, when in violent motion it is black, when at rest one side is pellucid; the middle of the fore-part is furnished with little moveable hairs. It was found in salt water.
T. ovato-oblonga gibba, antice depressa.Plate XXV.Fig. 61 and 62. An egg-shaped oblong bunch, the fore-part depressed.
An animalculum with a bunch above the hind-part, marked with black spots, depressed towards the top, a little folded, and somewhat convex underneath; at least this is its appearance when in motion. Very minute hairs occupy the apex, but they are seldom visible till the creature is in the agonies of death, when it extends and moves them vehemently from an arched chink at top, apparently endeavouring to draw in the last drop of water. It is found in water where the duck-weed grows, chiefly in December.b, the hairs;c, the black globules;a, the projecting bunch.
T. membranacea, antice subconica, papillis tribus crinitis. Membranaceous trichoda, the fore-part rather conical; three small papillæ project from the base, which are set with hairs.
T. oblonga depressa, altero margine sinuato crinita, postice obtusa. An oblong depressed trichoda, one margin hollow and hairy, the lower end obtuse.
The intestines seem to be more lymphatic than molecular; it is of a yellow colour, and the hollow edge ciliated. It was found in river water.
T. membranacea, sublunata, medio protuberante, extorsum crinita. Membranaceous trichoda, somewhat lunated, protuberant in the middle, a row of hairs on the outside.
A pellucid membrane, the fore-part formed into a kind of neck, one edge rising into a protuberance like a hump-back, the other edge convex.
T. ovalis, postice obtusa, collo elongata retractile, apice crinito.Plate XXV.Fig. 56, 57, 58, 59, 60. Oval trichoda, the lower-part obtuse, with a long neck, which it has a power of contracting or extending.
Baker in his Employment for the Microscope, p. 260-266, dignifies this animalculum with the name of proteus, on account of its assuming a great number of different shapes, so as scarce to be known for the same animal in its various transformations; and, indeed, unless it be carefully watched while passing from one shape to another, it will often become suddenly invisible.
When water, wherein any kinds of vegetables have been infused, or animals preserved, has stood quietly for some days or weeks in a glass or other vessel, a slimy substance will be collectedabout the sides, some of which being taken up with the point of a penknife, placed on a slip of glass in a drop of water, and viewed through the microscope, will, be found to harbour several kinds of little animals that are seldom seen swimming about at large. The insect we are treating of is one of these, and was discovered in such slime-like matter taken from the side of a glass jar, in which small fishes, water-snails, and other creatures had been kept. Its body in substance and colour resembled that of a snail; the shape thereof was somewhat elliptical, but pointed at one end, whilst from the other proceeded a long, slender, and finely proportioned neck, terminated with a head, of a size perfectly suitable to the other parts of the animal.
T. oblonga, postice acuminata, collo retractili, infra apicem crinito. Oblong trichoda, the hind-part acute, with a neck that it can extend or contract at pleasure, the under-part of the extremity of the neck hairy.
It resembles in some measure the trichoda proteus just described, but the neck is shorter, the apex less spherical, and the hinder part of the trunk acute. It lives in the sea.
T. oblonga, dorso gibbera, ventre excavata, antice ciliata, extremitatibus obtusis.Plate XXV.Fig. 55. Oblong trichoda, with a bunch on the back, the belly hollowed out, the fore-part ciliated, both ends obtuse.
The body is pellucid, the upper part swelled out, within it are numerous obscure molecules, and three large globules, the ends rather incline downwards; when the water begins to fail, a few minute hairs may be discovered about the head and at the abdomen; the body then becomes striated longitudinally.
T. oblonga, dorso protuberante, antice ciliata, extremitatibus obtusis. Oblong trichoda, with the back protuberant, the fore-part ciliated, both ends obtuse.
The body is round and long, and when extended somewhat resembles a rolling-pin in shape; both ends are obtuse, and one shorter than the other; it can draw in the ends and swell out the sides, so as to appear almost spherical.
T. elongata, teres, antice foveata, fovæ marginibus ciliata.Plate XXV.Fig. 54. This trichoda is long, round, in the fore-part it has a long hole, the edges of which are ciliated.
It is a long cylindrical animalculum, filled with molecules; the fore-part bright and clear, with a long opening,a, near the top, which tapers to a point, and is beset with hairs. It is found of different lengths in salt water.
T. ventricosa, subovata, antice canaliculata, apice et caniculo crinito. Big-bellied, rather inclining towards an oval figure, with a small tube at the fore-part, the upper-end of which is covered with hairs.
T. oblonga, latiuscula, antice corniculis micantibus, postice mutica. Oblong trichoda, rather broad, three little horns on the fore-part, the hinder-part beardless.
T. oblonga, altero margine cursum, sinuata et ciliata, utraque extremitate obtusa. Oblong trichoda, one edge rather curved, and also furnished with a row of hairs; both extremities obtuse.
It is a splendid animalculum, of a fox colour, and at first sight might be taken for a kolpoda. The body is oblong, the lower end somewhat larger than the other, the body becoming smaller at that part where the hairs commence; it has a set of streaks which run from one end to the other, and at the abdomen a double row of little eggs, lying in a transverse direction. It was found in river water in December.
T. planiuscula elongata, æqualis, antice crinita.Plate XXV.Fig. 53. Rather flat and long, of an equal size throughout, the fore-part hairy.
This animalculum is six times longer than broad, round, flexuous, and of an equal size; the greater part filled with obscure molecules; the fore-part,a, rather empty, distinguished by an alimentary canal, and lucid globules near the middle,c; short hairs occupy the margin of the fore-part, some are dispersed into a chink near the canal. It is found in an infusion of hay and other vegetables.
T. subsinuata, ovata, antice patula, apice ad medium crinita. Trichoda somewhat sinuated, oval, the fore-part broad, the apex hairy to the middle.
It is of a gold colour, pellucid, and filled with a variety of vesicles.
T. ovata, apice acuminata, subtus fulcata, fulco crinito. Oval trichoda, the apex rather acute, the under-part furrowed, the furrows hairy.
It is of a fine purple gold colour, somewhat of a reddish cast, pellucid, splendid, with a number of globules of different sizes;the fore-part small, the hind-part obtuse, and having a very large opening, which appears to run through the body.
T. ovata, subtus convexa, supra in carinam compressa, antice angustior. Oval trichoda, the under part convex, the upper part compressed into a kind of keel, the fore-part small.
It is very small, and so transparent that it cannot easily be delineated; its form is singular, and no hairs can be observed.
T. ovalis, antice forcipata, cruribus inæqualibus crinitis. Oval trichoda, with a pair of forceps at the fore-part, with unequal hairy legs.
A large animalculum, somewhat depressed, of a pellucid yellow colour, and filled with molecules; in the lower part there is a black opake globule, the fore-part is divided into long lobes, one of which is falciform and acute, the other dilated, and obliquely truncated; both the apex and the edge of these are furnished with hairs of different lengths; it can open, shut, or cross these lobes at pleasure; by this motion of them it appears to suck in the water. It was found about the winter solstice in water, covered with lemnæ.
T. ventrosa, antice forcipata, postice papilla duplici instructa. Round and prominent trichoda, the fore-part formed into a kind of forceps, and two small protuberances.
One of the forceps of this animalculum is twice as long as the other, hooked, and ciliated. It was found in river water.
T. obovata, margine antico subtus crinito, alteroque apicis in degitum producto. Obovated trichoda, the under part of the front of the margin hairy, the apex is formed by the fore-part, projecting like the finger on a direction-post. It was found in salt water.
T. striata, antice ciliata, extremitatibus in oppositum flexis. Striated trichoda, the fore part ciliated, the extremities bent in opposite directions.
A yellow animalculum, formed of two pellucid membranes, striated longitudinally; the lower end is obliquely truncated.
T. triquetra, antice truncata ciliata, postice acuta prominula. Three-cornered trichoda, the fore-part truncated and ciliated, the hind-part acute, and bent a little upwards.
It has a crystalline appearance, rather broad, the under side towards the hinder-part convex, the fore-part broad, the apex nearly a straight line, the bent end pointed and turned upwards; and a kind of longitudinal keel running down the middle.
T. ovalis depressa, margine crinito, postice in crura inæqualia erosa. Flattened oval trichoda, the edge hairy, the hinder part hollowed out so as to form two unequal legs.
T. ovato-ventricosa, apice acuminata, fulco ventrali, utrinque crinito. Ovated ventricose trichoda, the apex acute, with a furrow at the abdomen, and both sides of it ciliated.
T. elongata, apice colli subtus crinito.Plate XXV.Fig. 49. Long, the apex of the neck underneath hairy.
A smooth animalculum, five times broader than it is long, filled with darkish molecules; it has a bright neck,b c; under the top of the neck atda few unequal hairs are perceptible. Its motions are languid. It is found in pure water.
T. elongata, teres, subtus ab apice ad medium crinita. Long trichoda, round, the under part from the apex to the middle hairy.
This animalculum is round, somewhat linear, with both ends obtuse; the fore-part narrower, forming as it were a kind of neck, under which is a row of fluctuating hairs. The trunk is full of grey molecules.
T. elongata, torulosa, setulis cincta.Plate XXV.Fig. 50 and 52. Long and thick trichoda, surrounded with small bristles.
The body is long, round, pellucid, and covered with very minute hairs; it has also a great number of mucid vesicles about the body.
T. elongata, teres, undique ciliata, subtus ad medium usque crinita. Long trichoda, round, everywhere ciliated on the upper part, and the under part likewise hairy as far as the middle.
T. angulata, apice crinita. Angular, the apex hairy.
This animalculum is long, more convex than most of the genus, divided by a kind of articulation into two parts equal in breadth, but of different lengths, the fore-part being shorter than the hind-part; the apex furnished with short waving hair, indistinct molecules withinside, no hair on the hind-part.
T. ovato oblonga, utraque extremitate prominula.Plate XXV.Fig. 51. The shape of an oblong egg, with prominences at both extremities.
Both extremities of the body are raised, so that the bottom becomes convex, and the upper part depressed like a boat. It varies in shape at different ages, and sometimes has a rotatory motion. It is found in an infusion of old grass.
T. linearis depressa, antice truncata crinitaque, postice obtusa. Linear flat trichoda, the fore-part truncated and hairy, the hinder-part obtuse.
A long animalculum, full of grey molecules; the fore-part rather smaller than the hind-part, and furnished with minute hairs. It was found in salt water.
T. elongata, cylindracea, collo brevi, apice crinito.Plate XXVII.Fig. 1. Long cylindrical trichoda, with a short neck, the apex hairy.
Gelatinous, the fore-part pellucid, the hind-part full of molecules. It was found in river water. It is represented in different appearances in the figure;a, the neck;b, the hairs;c, a little vesicle in the hinder-part.
T. oblonga, ciliata, colli dilatabilis, apice globoso, pilifero.Plate XXVII.Fig. 3. Oblong ciliated trichoda, with a dilatable neck, the apex globular, and surrounded with hairs, the edge is ciliated, and a kind of peristaltic motion perceivable in it. It is found, in salt water, though but very rarely.a, the neck;b, the globular apex;c, the body ciliated.
T. obovata, apice crinita, postice oblique truncata, serrata.Plate XXVII.Fig. 2. Obovated trichoda, the apex hairy, the hinder-part obliquely truncated and serrated.
T. antice crinita, crassiuscula medio utrinque emarginata. Thick, and the fore-part hairy, with notches on the middle and each side.
The fore-part of the body is ventricose; the back divided by an incision in the middle into two tubercles; the lower part of the belly sinuated; its motions are languid. It is found, though not often, in vegetable infusions.
T. oblonga, vertice truncata, antico corporis margine, superne pedata, inferne setosa. The body is oblong, depressed, pellucid, and filled with molecules; the vertex truncated, the fore-part forming a small beak; underneath are three feet; beyond these, towards the hinder-part, it is furnished with bristles.
T. cucullata, fronte crinita, cauda inflexa, This trichoda is hooded, the front hairy, the tail inflected.
The body is rather round, pellucid and consists of three parts; the head, which is broad, appears to be hooded, the top being furnished with very small hairs; a transparent vesicle occupies the lower region of the head; and over the breast from the base of the head is suspended a production resembling the sheath of the feet in the pupa of the gnat.
T. arcuata, teres, apice crinita, cirro, caudali inflexo. Arched trichoda, round, the apex hairy, the tail bent.
This animalculum is round and crystalline; the hind-part somewhat smaller than the fore-part; the intestines are with difficulty distinguished. The edge of the back and the part near the tail are bright and clear. It bends itself into the form of an arch.
T. arcuata, depressa, apice crinita, cauda biseta. Arched flattened trichoda, the apex hairy, and two little bristles proceeding from the tail.
T. oblonga, carinata, antice crinita, postice seta longissima.Plate XXVII.Fig. 4. Oblong trichoda, with a kind of keel; the fore-part hairy, and a very long bristle proceeding from the hinder-part.a, the mouth;b, a small knob at the bending of the tail;c, the tail.
T. subcylindrica, elongata, apice crinita, cauda setis duabus longis. This trichoda is long, and somewhat cylindrical, the apex hairy, the tail divided into two long bristles.
It resembles the former, but differs in the form of the tail, which consists of two bristles, and likewise in having a kind of incision in the body, at some little distance from the apex.
T. oblonga, antice truncata, crinita, cauda articulata, biseta.Plate XXVII.Fig. 5 and 6. Oblong trichoda, the fore-part truncated and hairy, the tail articulated, and divided into two bristles.
The body is cylindrical, pellucid, muscular, and capable of being folded up; it appears double; the interior part is full of molecules, with an orbicular muscular appendage which it can open and shut, and this forms the mouth. The external part is membranaceous, pellucid, dilated, and marked with transverse streaks; the animalculum can protrude or withdraw the orbicular membrane at pleasure. Some have four articulations in the tail, others five; and it has two pair of bristles, or projecting parts, one placed at the second joint, the other at the last. It has been frequently found in marshes. In Fig. 6 it is seen with the mouth open; in Fig. 5, with it shut,a a, the jaws;b b, the first bristles;c c, the second pair;d, the spine at the tail.
T. antice rotundata, crinita, postice acuminato-caudata. The fore-part round and hairy, the hind-part furnished with a sharp tail. This animalculum has a considerable resemblance to a common nail.
T. supra convexa, subtus plana, apice crinita, cauda lineari simplici. Trichoda with the upper part convex, the under side plain, the apex hairy, the tail linear and simple.
To these characters we may add, that the body is membranaceous, elliptical, closely filled with molecules; the fore-part lunated, the hinder-part round, and terminating in a tail as long as the body.
T. elongata, antice sinuata, fronte crinita, cauda pilosa. Long trichoda, the fore-part sinuated, the front hairy, the tail formed of small hairs.
It is of a grey colour, flat, with seven large molecules and globules within it, the front obtuse, and set with hairs; the hinder-part terminating in a tail formed of very fine hairs. It was found in river water.
T. ovalis, antice crinita, postice subtus caudata.Plate XXVII.Fig. 7. Egg-shaped, the fore-part hairy, the tail projecting from the under part.
A smooth egg-shaped animalculum, with a double margin or line drawn underneath it; the fore-part narrow, and furnished with short hairs, which are continually playing about; underneath the hind-part is a small tail. It has molecular intestines, and moves slowly. It is found in infusions of hay which have been kept for some months,a, the head;b, the tail.
T. clavata, fronte crinita, cauda acuminata, subreflexa. Clubbed trichoda, the front hairy, the tail small and rather bent upwards.
It is smooth and pellucid, having the fore-part dilated into a semicircle, gradually decreasing in breadth towards the tail; the front is hairy, the hairs standing as rays from the semicircularedge; one of these edges is sometimes contracted. It is to be found in river water.
T. oblonga, antice crinita, postice cauda reflexa truncata.Plate XXVII.Fig. 8. Oblong, the fore-part hairy; in the hind-part is the tail, which is turned back, the end of it truncated.
A pellucid, smooth, egg-shaped animalculum; the hind-part terminating in a tail about half the length of the body, dilated at the upper end, truncated, and always bent upwards.
In the inside are vesicles of an unequal size; it moves sometimes on its belly, sometimes on its side; the tail seldom varies its position. It was found in hay which had been infused for some months,a, the hairs on the fore-part;b, the tail.
T. clavata, fronte crinita, cauda reflexili. Club trichoda, the fore-part hairy, the tail turned back.
The fore-part is thick, the hind-part narrow; both extremities obtuse, pellucid, and replete with molecules; the hind-part bent down towards the middle.
T. oblonga, antice crinita, postice subacuminata. Oblong, the fore-part hairy, the hind-part rather acute, filled with molecules and black vesicles.
T. curvata, grossa, antice angustior, postice in caudam attenuata, subtus longitudinaliter crinita.Plate XXVII.Fig. 9. Curved trichoda, large, the fore-part small, the hinder-part gradually diminishing into a tail; the under partset longitudinally with hairs.a, the head;b, the tail;c, the hairs.
T. oblongata, antice crinita, postice in caudam exquisitam attenuata.Plate XXVII.Fig. 13 and 14. Oblong, the fore-part is hairy, the hind-part terminating in a very slender tail. It is smooth, pellucid, much longer than broad, but of nearly an equal breadth throughout, and filled with yellow molecules; the fore-part obtuse, the hind-part exquisitely slender and transparent; the upper side is convex.a, the fore-part;b, the tail.
T. elongata, teres, crinita, cuspidi caudali duplici. Long, round trichoda, surrounded with hairs, the tail divided into two points. See Zoologia Danica.
T. cylindracea, antice truncata et crinita, cauda elongata, biarticulata et biseta.Plate XXVII.Fig. 10. Cylindrical trichoda, the fore-part truncated and surrounded with hairs, the tail long, furnished with two bristles, and having two joints.a, the hairs at the mouth;d, the oesophagus;e, the articulation of the tail;f, the bristles.
T. sphærica, peripheria crinita, pedicello solitario. Spherical trichoda; this has the circumference set with hairs, and a little solitary pedicle projecting from the body.
T. vaginata, folliculo cylindrico hyalino, pedicello intra folliculum retortili. Sheathed trichoda, in a cylindrical transparent bag, having a little pedicle bent back within the bag. See Zool. Dan. prodr. addend. p. 281.
T. vaginata, folliculo depressa, basi latiore sessilis. Sheathed trichoda, the bag depressed, the base broadest.
The animalculum that is contained in this sheath is funnel-shaped, with one or more hairs, proceeding from each side of the mouth of the funnel. It can extend or contract itself freely in the bag, fixing its tail to the base, without touching the sides. It was found in salt water.
T. vaginata, folliculo cylindrico, pedicello extra folliculum.Plate XXVII.Fig. 11. Trichoda sheathed in a cylindrical bag, with a pedicle passing through and projecting beyond it. These characters distinguish it sufficiently from the preceding one.b, the animalculum in the sheath;d, the tail.
T. latiuscula, antice crinita, postice setosa, altero latere sinuata, altero mucronata. Broad trichoda, the fore-part hairy, the hinder-part full of bristles; one side sinuated, and the other pointed. See Zool. Dan. prod. addend. p. 281.
T. ventricosa, postice crinibus pectinata. Ventricose, the hinder-part covered with hair. See Zool. Dan. Icon. Tab. 73, Fig. 13, 15.
T. membranacea, lateribus inflexis, antice et postice crinita. Membranaceous trichoda, the sides bent inwards; the fore and hind-part are both furnished with hairs.
T. cylindracea, antice crinita, postice setosa. Cylindrical, the fore-part hairy, the hinder-part furnished with bristles.
This trichoda is rather thick in the middle, and pellucid, with a few molecules here and there, the sides obtuse, the fore-part ciliated with very fine hairs, the hind part terminating in a kind of bristles.
T. ovata, apice hiante, basique crinita.Plate XXVII.Fig. 15. Egg-shaped, the apex gaping, the base hairy.
Pellucid, the hinder extremity filled with globules of various sizes, the fore-part narrower, without any appearance of an external organ. It vacillates upon the edge, commonly advancing on its flat side, and continually drawing in water; it then gapes, and opens into a very acute angle, almost to the middle of the body; but this is done so instantaneously, that it is scarcely perceptible.a, the mouth;b, the hairs or bristles, which it extends when nearly expiring.
T. ovata, antice crinita, postice duplici pilorum strictorum et curvorum fasciculo. Oval trichoda, the fore-part hairy, and the hinder-part also furnished with some straight and curved hairs in two fascicles.
The body is flat and filled with molecules; in the fore-part is an oblong empty space, into which we may sometimes see the water sucked in.
T. ovata, antice incisa, fronte et basi crinita.Plate XXVII.Fig. 12. Egg-shaped, with an incision inthe fore-part; the front and base hairy.a, the anterior part;b, the posterior part;c, the incision.
T. subquadrata, rostro adunco, ore crinito.Plate XXVII.Fig. 16. Nearly square, with a crooked beak, the mouth hairy.
At first sight it does not seem very dissimilar to some of the monoculi. The body is membranaceous, and appears compressed, stretched out into a beak above, the lower part truncated; under the beak is a little bundle of hairs; the lower edge bends in and out, and is surrounded with a few bristles. The intestines are beautifully visible, and a small bent tube goes from the mouth to them in the middle of the body; these, as well as the tube, are in frequent agitation. There is likewise another tube between the fore and hind edge filled with a blue liquor.a, the beak;b, the mouth;c, the base.