moral effect of organization of,194 f.;moral value of,434-6;defined,451;see ChapterXXI.Stephen, on love of happiness,273;on egoism,378 n.;also265 n.Stevenson, Mrs. M. C.,66Stoics, the "wise man" of,135;on following nature,136;on inner self,140;natural law,136,142,152,222;on conflict between the moral and the actual order,185;cosmopolitanism,187;on control of passions,217Sumner, on "mores,"51;on luck,53;on taboo,55;on Ethos,175;gladiatorial shows,189;on relation between goodness and happiness,396 n.Sutherland,48Sympathetic Resentment,44,49,70;see SympathySympathy, as factor in socialization,11,35,44;fostered by art,45 f.;and family life,47 f.;and hospitality,68;when moral,49,70;in the moral judgment,141 n.;modern development of,160 f.;Bentham's view of,291-2;Mill's view of,293-4;importance of,298-9;principle of knowledge,334;and duty,348-9;and efficiency,370-3;and thoughtfulness,465;see Sympathetic ResentmentTaboos,55,60 f.;Hebrew,96;survival of, in modern life,174Tariff, protective,560Taxation,555Teleological, types of moral theory,224;see Good, ValueTemperance,405-10;Greek view of,117,406;Roman,407;Christian,408Theodorus,126Theory, relation to practice,4,212,606;types of, classified and discussed,224-39;see also ProblemsThomas, W.,584Thoreau,489Totem groups,30Torts,455Toynbee, A.,492Trades Unions, see Labor UnionUnearned Increment,510 f.,564 f.United States, individualism in,554;Supreme Court decisions,555 f.Utilitarianism, relation of, to modern civilization,169;theory of intention,246-52;theory of the good, ChaptersXIV.andXV.;method of,275;introduction of the idea of quality,279;its social standard, ChapterXV.;theory of general rules,329-31;theory of duty,353-61;see also Bentham, MillValuation, changed basis of,508-11;see ValueValue, as "higher and lower,"6,197;the good as,7 f.,12;measure of, among Hebrews,107 f.;question and standard of, among the Greeks,116,119,125 ff.;in modern civilization,153-7,169,194;transformation of,186 f.,558;moral, and incompatible ends,207-9;and teleological theories,224;of Good Will,241Veblen, T. B.,488,515,592Vices, of reflective stage of morality,189 ff.Virtue,230,397, ChapterXIX.;origin of term,156,176;general meaning,230,397;in Greek popular usage,117 f.;as "mean,"134;as wisdom,135;highmindedness as,135;meaning in group morality,176;"old-fashioned,"188;defined,399-402;classified,402-3;aspects of,403-4;cardinal,405Voltaire,166,195Voluntary Action, its nature,9 f.,201 f.;essential to morality,12 f.,39,49 f.,73,89;agencies tending to evoke,57,75 ff.;covenant as implying,95;fundamental, in Hebrew morality,91,105 f.;relation to moral theories,227;divided into "inner" and "outer,"227-30,237-9,261,432;place of motive and endeavor,243-6;place of disposition,254-8;and accident,459-60;see ConductWar, as agency in development,42,44,66,84;and right to life,442 f.;and organized humanity,482Wealth, in Israel,93 f.;in Greece,119 ff.;and property,487 f.;subordinate to personality,514;should depend on activity,514 f.;implies public service,515-7;distribution of,521 f.,545 ff.;see PropertyWelsh, kin group,29,61Wergild,30,62Westermarck,67,70,459"What," the, meaning of,5-8;in group morality,71;in Hebrew morality,102 ff.;in Greek theory,125 ff.;relation to the "how" as outer to inner,228-39;see Attitude, Consequences, "How"Wilamowitz-Möllendorf,18Windelband,126Wisdom, as chief excellence or virtue with Plato,118;Aristotle,135;Sceptics, Epicureans, and Stoics,135;as standard for pleasure,133;nurse of all the virtues,405;as conscientiousness,418-23Woman, as "leisure class,"157,188;as laborer, protection for,489,540;and the family,572 ff.;subordination of,574 f.;her temperamental and occupational distinction from man,584 ff.;effect of industrial revolution upon,591 f.;and occupations,594 ff.;determines consumption,598 f.;use of higher training for,599,602;see Family, Marriage, SexWork, see Industry, LaborWorth, see ValueWyclif,150Xenophon,115 f.Zuñi ceremonies,66
moral effect of organization of,194 f.;moral value of,434-6;defined,451;see ChapterXXI.Stephen, on love of happiness,273;on egoism,378 n.;also265 n.Stevenson, Mrs. M. C.,66Stoics, the "wise man" of,135;on following nature,136;on inner self,140;natural law,136,142,152,222;on conflict between the moral and the actual order,185;cosmopolitanism,187;on control of passions,217Sumner, on "mores,"51;on luck,53;on taboo,55;on Ethos,175;gladiatorial shows,189;on relation between goodness and happiness,396 n.Sutherland,48Sympathetic Resentment,44,49,70;see SympathySympathy, as factor in socialization,11,35,44;fostered by art,45 f.;and family life,47 f.;and hospitality,68;when moral,49,70;in the moral judgment,141 n.;modern development of,160 f.;Bentham's view of,291-2;Mill's view of,293-4;importance of,298-9;principle of knowledge,334;and duty,348-9;and efficiency,370-3;and thoughtfulness,465;see Sympathetic ResentmentTaboos,55,60 f.;Hebrew,96;survival of, in modern life,174Tariff, protective,560Taxation,555Teleological, types of moral theory,224;see Good, ValueTemperance,405-10;Greek view of,117,406;Roman,407;Christian,408Theodorus,126Theory, relation to practice,4,212,606;types of, classified and discussed,224-39;see also ProblemsThomas, W.,584Thoreau,489Totem groups,30Torts,455Toynbee, A.,492Trades Unions, see Labor UnionUnearned Increment,510 f.,564 f.United States, individualism in,554;Supreme Court decisions,555 f.Utilitarianism, relation of, to modern civilization,169;theory of intention,246-52;theory of the good, ChaptersXIV.andXV.;method of,275;introduction of the idea of quality,279;its social standard, ChapterXV.;theory of general rules,329-31;theory of duty,353-61;see also Bentham, MillValuation, changed basis of,508-11;see ValueValue, as "higher and lower,"6,197;the good as,7 f.,12;measure of, among Hebrews,107 f.;question and standard of, among the Greeks,116,119,125 ff.;in modern civilization,153-7,169,194;transformation of,186 f.,558;moral, and incompatible ends,207-9;and teleological theories,224;of Good Will,241Veblen, T. B.,488,515,592Vices, of reflective stage of morality,189 ff.Virtue,230,397, ChapterXIX.;origin of term,156,176;general meaning,230,397;in Greek popular usage,117 f.;as "mean,"134;as wisdom,135;highmindedness as,135;meaning in group morality,176;"old-fashioned,"188;defined,399-402;classified,402-3;aspects of,403-4;cardinal,405Voltaire,166,195Voluntary Action, its nature,9 f.,201 f.;essential to morality,12 f.,39,49 f.,73,89;agencies tending to evoke,57,75 ff.;covenant as implying,95;fundamental, in Hebrew morality,91,105 f.;relation to moral theories,227;divided into "inner" and "outer,"227-30,237-9,261,432;place of motive and endeavor,243-6;place of disposition,254-8;and accident,459-60;see ConductWar, as agency in development,42,44,66,84;and right to life,442 f.;and organized humanity,482Wealth, in Israel,93 f.;in Greece,119 ff.;and property,487 f.;subordinate to personality,514;should depend on activity,514 f.;implies public service,515-7;distribution of,521 f.,545 ff.;see PropertyWelsh, kin group,29,61Wergild,30,62Westermarck,67,70,459"What," the, meaning of,5-8;in group morality,71;in Hebrew morality,102 ff.;in Greek theory,125 ff.;relation to the "how" as outer to inner,228-39;see Attitude, Consequences, "How"Wilamowitz-Möllendorf,18Windelband,126Wisdom, as chief excellence or virtue with Plato,118;Aristotle,135;Sceptics, Epicureans, and Stoics,135;as standard for pleasure,133;nurse of all the virtues,405;as conscientiousness,418-23Woman, as "leisure class,"157,188;as laborer, protection for,489,540;and the family,572 ff.;subordination of,574 f.;her temperamental and occupational distinction from man,584 ff.;effect of industrial revolution upon,591 f.;and occupations,594 ff.;determines consumption,598 f.;use of higher training for,599,602;see Family, Marriage, SexWork, see Industry, LaborWorth, see ValueWyclif,150Xenophon,115 f.Zuñi ceremonies,66