HABITAT: The place where an organism lives; the immediate surroundings, living and unliving, of an organism. Thehabitatof the pine warbler is the pinelands; the habitat of an internal parasite of this bird is the body of the warbler.
HAMMOCK: A dense growth of broad-leaved trees on a slightly elevated area, not wet enough to be aswamp. In the park,hammocksare surrounded either by pineland or by marshland (glades).
HARDWOOD TREES: Trees with broad leaves (as opposed to conebearing trees, which have needles or scales). Mosthardwood treesare deciduous, though many in south Florida retain their leaves throughout the year.
KEY: A reef or low-lying island. In south Florida, the term “key” is often also applied tohammocksor pinelands, which occupy areas where thelimestoneis raised above the surrounding wetlands.
LIMESTONE: A sedimentary rock derived from the shells and skeletons of animals deposited in seas, and consisting mostly of calcium carbonate. Soluble in water having a slight degree of acidity, it is often characterized by caverns and, in theeverglades, by a very pitted surface. The rock underlying most of the park is the Miami Oölite (pronounced OH-uh-lite), formed during a recent glacial period. Oöliticlimestoneis composed of tiny round concretions, only indirectly derived from marine shells.
MANGROVE: Any of a group of tropical or subtropical trees, growing inestuariesand other low-lying coastal areas, usually producing aerial roots or prop roots and often forming dense growths over a large area. In south Florida there are four species, belonging to three different families.
MARSH: A wetland, salt or fresh, where few if any trees and shrubs grow, characterized by grasses and sedges; in fresh-watermarshes, cattails are common.
MARL: In this book, used in the sense of a deposit of mixedlimestoneand smaller amounts of clay; south Florida marls are sometimes called lime muds.
PEAT: Partly decayed, moisture-absorbing plant matter accumulated in bogs,swamps, etc.
PREDATOR: An animal that lives by capturing other animals for food.
SLOUGH: A channel of slow-moving water in coastal marshland. The Shark RiverSloughand Taylor Slough are the main channels where the glades water flows in the park. Generally remaining as reservoirs of water when the glades dry in the rainless season, they are important to survival of aquatic animals.
SWAMP: Wetland characterized by shrubs or trees such as maples, gums, baldcypresses, and, in south Florida coast areas,mangroves. Fresh-waterswampsare usually not covered by water the year around.
THREATENED: A species still present in its range but that, without significant changes in conditions, is capable of becomingendangered.
TREE ISLAND: An island of trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants growing on an elevation, in a depression, or at the same level as the surrounding glades. Includeshammocks, willow heads, cypress heads, and bayheads.
Ashton, Ray Jr., and Patricia Sawyer Ashton.Handbook of Reptiles and Amphibians of Florida.Vol. 1,The Snakes; Vol. 2,Lizards, Turtles and Crocodilians; Vol. 3,The Amphibians. Miami: Windward Publishing, Inc., 1981-88.
Bell, C. Ritchie, and Bryan J. Taylor.Florida Wildflowers and Roadside Plants.Chapel Hill: Laurel Hill Press, 1982.
Cox, W. Eugene.In Pictures—Everglades: The Continuing Story.Las Vegas: K. C. Publications, 1989.
Craighead, Frank C.The Role of the Alligator in Shaping PlantCommunitiesand Maintaining Wildlife in the SouthernEverglades.Maitland: Florida Audubon Society, 1969.
de Golia, Jack.Everglades: The Story Behind the Scenery.Las Vegas: K.C. Publications, 1981.
Douglas, Marjory Stoneman.Everglades: River of Grass.St. Simons Island, Georgia: Mockingbird Books, 1974.
Downs, Dorothy.Miccosukee Arts and Crafts.Miami: Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, 1982.
Hoffmeister, John Edward.Land From Sea: The Geologic Story of South Florida.Coral Gables: University of Miami Press, 1968.
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Robertson, William B.Everglades: The Park Story.Homestead, Florida: Florida National Parks and Monuments Association, Inc., 1989.
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Here is a partial list of the rare andendangeredspecies and subspecies found inEvergladesNational Park and Fort Jefferson National Monument.
More than 40 species of mammals are found inEvergladesNational Park. Many of them are species commonly associated with drierhabitatsthat have adapted to the semi-aquaticenvironmentthat comprises most of the park. It is not uncommon to see whitetail deer wading through the sawgrass prairie or a bobcat foraging for food in amangroveswamp. This list is made up of species found within the boundary of the park or in the immediate area. Species consideredexoticto Everglades National Park are marked with an asterisk (*).
This is a complete list of the birds known in the park—347 species as of June 1, 1985—along with akeyindicating the abundance and seasonal occurrence of each species. As noted in this list many birds are known in the park from only a few sightings. A few areexoticbirds that have escaped captivity. Species considered exotic toEvergladesPark are marked with an asterisk (*). Users can contribute to updating future lists by carefully recording details of their observations of less common species and reporting that information to park personnel. For purposes of this listing the seasons are as follows: