50-52Probable, whatever in the teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas is not probable is to be rejected,402,403Proficiency is due to design if each step was taken designedly, though the end was not far foreseen,52,384Protestantism tends towards disintegration,396Proteus principle of life, one,320Pump, Erasmus Darwin's poetry about the,84,193Purpose, instinctive actions were once done with a,54—— spent or extinct, and rudimentary organs,38,383Purposive, if each step is purposive, the whole is purposive,52,384Purposiveness: I maintain the lungs to be as purposive us the corkscrew,5,6,7,58RACE, the runners in a, and natural selection,366,367—— significance of the words being used for a breed and a competition,366,367Racehorse or greyhound, "the well-adapted forms of the,"359Ranunculus aquatilis, Lamarck's passage on,260,297Raleigh, Sir Walter, and evolution,21,70Ray Lankester, Professor, on Hering's theory connecting memory and heredity,198-200Reason, there is less reason than feeling in animals, Buffon,51—— perfected becomes instinct, but reasserts itself when the circumstances alter,54,55,56,203—— and instinct, Buffon on,110,116—— Erasmus Darwin on,115,116,201-205—— a less remarkable faculty than generation, Hume on,233—— and instinct, Lamarck on,256,274—— declared to be incipient instinct,256Réel,au, Buffon's use of these words,126Relativity of the sciences, Buffon on the,140Religion, Buffon's appeals to,91,115Reopen settled questions, animals cannot, serpents must have no more than four legs,303Resume earlier habits, the tendency to, on the approach of a difficulty,312,313Retrogressive, Mr. Darwin's views of evolution retrogressive,66Revelation, Buffon's appeals to, against evolution,91,115Reviews of "Evolution, Old and New," 385, &c.Riches, the normal growth of, and evolution,222Roman Empire, the, prophetic,397Romanes, G. R., on "Evolution, Old and New,"391-393Rome, Church of, means the same by "gentleman" as we do,395—— I would join, if I could,395,396—— a unifier,398—— the only source from which a church can come,398-401—— and Pantheism, the ultimate fight will be between,401—— points of agreement between Rome and Pantheists,403-405—— may, and should get rid of Protestantism by outbidding it,407Rousseau, Buffon would not play part of,81Rudimentary organs, the crux of the early evolutionist in respect of design,34—— are now mere cant formulæ, force of habit,38,383—— like the protuberance at the bottom of a tobacco-pipe,38—— Buffon would not accept them as designed,83—— Buffon on,120—— Professor Haeckel on,383Run, how did the winner come to be able to run ever such a little faster than his fellows,367Runners in a race and natural selection,366,367"SANDFORD and Merton," Miss Seward on the author of,179,180Saints will commonly strain a point or two in their own favour,253Saturday Reviewon "Evolution, Old and New,"389-391Savery, Captain,54Science, men of, of like passions with other priests and prophets,253—— not a kingdom into which a poor man can enter easily,253—— the leaders of will generally burke new-born wit unless, &c.,315—— not of that kind which desires to know,392Scientific orthodoxy and mystification, Buffon on,138—— danger of,360,368Scramble, birds learned to swim through scrambling,48,51Self-indulgence, virtue has ever erred rather on the side of, than on that of asceticism,35Sensation, Buffon on,126,129Sense, "in one sense," 355Sensitive plants, Dr. E. Darwin on,206,210Seriously, Buffon speaking,126Serpents, how it is that they have lost their legs,302Seward, Miss, her life of Erasmus Darwin,174, &c.Shakspeare and Handel address the many as well as the few,81Shortest day, and shortest day but one, no difference perceptible between,48Skeletons, the, of man and of the horse,88, &c.Skill, the unerring, of natural selection,9Siamese twins, desire and power compared to,218,300Simplicity, happy, an example of,276Sisters, "his, and his cousins and his aunts,"253Slit, a slit in one tendon to let another pass through,20Something a man should do, no matter what,51Sometimes, "equally convenient" ("the survival of the fittest" with natural selection),9,354,365Son, the people who can get good sons and retain their affection are the only ones worth studying from,76Sorbonne, the, and Buffon,82,84Sorbonnes, never do like people who write in this way,143Specialists, embryos are,28Species, Buffon on the causes or means of transformation,159, &c.—— Lamarck on,267, &c.—— clusters of, Lamarck on,288—— C. Darwin on,289Specific characteristics vary more than generic, Lamarck on,287,288—— C. Darwin on,288Speech, Lamarck on,313,314Spencer, Herbert, on Lamarck's hypothesis,330,331—— a follower of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck,332Spent, or extinct purpose, and rudimentary organs,383Spontaneous: C. Darwin uses this word in connection with variability,358—— variability (or unknown causes), C. Darwin, on what it will account for, or make known,358Steam engine, latest development of, not foreseen, though each immediate step in advance was so,54,384—— design lost sight of in the most common patterns, as with a bird's-nest, or the wheel,55Step, if each step is purposive, the whole road has been travelled purposively,52,384—— only the few nearest are taken definitely,44,384Sterility of hybrids, Lamarck on,272—— C. Darwin on,273Stock, Buffon on the, and the diaphragm,130Stronger, the, succeed, and the weaker fail,320,321Strongest, the, eat the weaker,282Struggle for existence, Buffon on the,123—— and hence modification, according to Dr. Erasmus Darwin, mainly conversant about three wants,226-229,232—— comparison between Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck's views on the foregoing,257—— Lamarck on the foregoing,279—— and survival of the fittest, Lamarck on the,281,282—— Patrick Matthew on,321Style, Buffon on,76,77Sudden, the question what is too, to be settled by higgling and haggling,50—— modifications, missionaries should avoid trying to effect,183Superficial, philosophy of the,34,35,36,198,204Supply and demand, and desire and power,223,300Survival of the fittest, a synonym for natural selection,9—— Dr. Erasmus Darwin on the,227—— in the struggle for existence, Lamarck on the,281,282—— understood and admitted by Buffon, Erasmus Darwin, and Lamarck,301—— subsequent to modification, and therefore not the cause of it,302,346—— Patrick Matthew on,321—— this is not a theory, but a fact,356,357Swimming, no shore bird ever set itself to learn, of malice prepense,48,51TAIL, the beaver's, has become an incarnate trowel,8Teething, the pain an infant feels is the death-cry of many a good cell,75Teleological, failure of the early evolutionists to see their position as,34Teleology, statement of the question,1—— Aristotle denied, Plato upheld,4—— the, of Paley and the theologians,12, &c.—— internal as much teleology as external,36——Seealso "Design."Telescope, Lord Rosse's, and dew-drop,44,47Tempering, the felicitous, of two great contradictory principles,35Tendon, a slit in one, to let another pass through,20Terminology of botany harder than botany,108—— Buffon on,140,141Test, Buffon's, as to the name an object is to bear,115—— of perception and sensation, Buffon's,127Theological writer, few passages in any, displease me more, &c.,368Theory, the survival of the fittest is a fact, not a theory,356,357Theories, true, Fontenelle on,22,23—— to be ordered out of court if troublesome,35This: "I can no more believe in this," &c.,359—— "it is impossible to attribute to this cause,"358Thomas, St., Aquinas, Papal encyclical on,402,403Thomson, Sir W., natural selection and design,10Thought is expressed in organ,339,341Time, Buffon on,103—— Lamarck on,241Tobacco-pipe, a rudimentary organ on a,38Toes, a man who plays the violin with his,50Tools, organs are living tools,2—— the manufacture of, and that of organs, two species of the same genus,39Touch, all senses modifications of the sense of touch,47Transformation of species, Buffon on the causes or means of,159Translation of the "Loves of the Plants" into French,63,258,259Translation of the "Zoonomia" into German,71—— of Dr. E. Darwin's other works,195Trapa Natans, Erasmus Darwin's note on,260Treviranus alluded to,72Tree, life seen as a tree, by Lamarck,269—— by C. Darwin,270—— nature compared to a, by Buffon,171Trees, the blind man who saw men as trees walking,137Trowel, the beaver has an incarnate trowel,8True, vitally,227—— all very, as far as it goes (that Nature is the most important means of modification),369Truism, the survival of the fittest, a,351Tutbury bull running,187Tyndall, Professor, a rhapsody about C. Darwin,41—— calls evolution C. Darwin's theory,360,361UNCLES and aunts do not beget their nephews and nieces,367,376Unconscious, our acquired habits come to be done as unconsciously as though instinctive, on repetition,56—— difference between my view of the, and Von Hartmann's,58Unconsciousness, the, with which habitual actions come to be performed,37,38,39,56-58,67,203,332,381Understanding, the peace of mind that passeth,35Unity of the individual, Buffon on the,127,128. (See"Oneness")"Unknown causes," according to Mr. Darwin, can do so much, but not so much more,359—— their identity with spontaneous variability,359—— heredity only another name for, unless the "Life and Habit" theory be adopted,384Upright position in man and certain apes, and children, Lamarck on,312Upside down, the vertebrata are perambulating vegetables planted,137Use and organ,44,45,47,217,218,221,292,294,296,299,301,302,304,305,307-309,311,323VACUUM, an omniscient and omnipotent,28Vague, efforts and desires are vague in the outset,47,52,384Variation, C. Darwin declares the fact of variation to be the cause of variation,8,9,347,369Variations, one factor of modification provides, the other accumulates,227—— Lamarck strove to discover the law underlying,337—— C. Darwin sees no cause underlying them,339,340—— according to Lamarck, they will tend to appear in definite directions in large numbers of individuals, for long periods together; according to C. Darwin they will not do thus,341—— must appear before they can be preserved,346—— the cause of variations is the cause of species (Professor Mivart on this),370Vary, man cannot vary his practices much more than animals can,55"Vestiges of Creation," the,65—— C. Darwin on the,65—— the author of, on Lamarck,247—— Darwin's treatment of,247,248Virtue has ever erred on the side of excess than on that of asceticism,35Violin, a man who plays the, with his toes,50Vitally true,227Volition. (See"Will")Voltaire, Buffon would not play the part of,81WALLACE, A. R., his review of Professor Haeckel's "Evolution of Man,"382-384Want and power, interaction of,44,45,47,48,217,218,221,300,323Wasp, cutting a fly in half, Dr. Erasmus Darwin on,205Watch, Paley's argument from the,13Weaker, the strongest eat the,282Wealth, the normal growth of, and evolution,222Web-footed, how birds, became,48,49,51—— development of, birds, Lamarck on,305—— Paley on,305Wedge, Buffon let in the thin end of the wedge, by saying that changed habits modify form,105,106Whisky, God keep you from—if he can,176Will, Patrick Matthew on, as influencing organism,320-322. (Seealso "Desire," "Design," "Want," "Wish")Will-o'-the-wisp, C. Darwin like a,372Wish and power, their interaction,44,45,47,48,217,218,221,300,323Wit, brevity may be its soul, but the leaders of science, &c.,315Worcester, the Marquis of,54Words are apt to turn out compendious false analogies,365Worms, reasonable creatures,255Worth, nothing worth looking at or doing, except at a fair price,35Wright, of Derby, his portrait of Mr. Day,180ZEBRA and horse, Buffon on the,80,155,164"Zoonomia," German translation of the,71—— Paley's "Natural Theology" written at the,195—— fuller quotations from the,214, &c.—— the, and the "Origin of Species," the different ideas that an average reader would carry away with him from these two works ("Sense of Need" and "Natural Selection"),363