[1]Gram.p. 206, onifbefore that tense.[2]SeeGram.p. 206, on the particleifbefore the imperfect indicative.
[1]Gram.p. 206, onifbefore that tense.
[1]Gram.p. 206, onifbefore that tense.
[2]SeeGram.p. 206, on the particleifbefore the imperfect indicative.
[2]SeeGram.p. 206, on the particleifbefore the imperfect indicative.
On theFuture, or time to come.
Whenquandowill you go intoandárethe country?campágna?
I believecrédereI shall go thereandáreto-morrow.dománi.
Will you stayrestárelong there?un pezzo?
No, sir,I shall stay buttwo or three weeks.due o tre settimána.
Howwill you spend your timepassáre tempowhen you are there?quando[1]éssere
I’ll go and seeandáre vedéremy friends,amícoand I will divert myselfdivertírewith those whoreceive me[2]ricéverekindly.corteseménte.
Will you not carryportáresome bookswith you?libro
No,for I am sureperchè sicúrowhile I am there,mentre[3]I shall haveavéreno timetempoto read.léggere.
You will forgetscordársiall your Italian.tutto Italiano.
I am certaincertoI shall not,di nofor I will not stay long there.restáre molto
When once you are there,una volta[4]éssereyour friendsamícowill not permit youpermettereto leave themlasciáreso soon.così presto.
You shall see thatvedéreI’ll be hereéssere quìnext Sunday,próssimo Doménicaand thatmy friendsamícowill not have so much poweravére tanto potéreover me asyou think.pensáre.
Whatwill you bring meportárefromthe country?campágna?
I’ll bring youportáresome partridges,pernícea hare,lepreand some pheasants.fagiáno.
I shall be obligedéssere obbligátoto you for them.
[1]When you are there, render,when you shall be there.[2]Ricevere, must be in the future, third person plural.[3]Render,while I shall be there, mentre starò là.[4]Render,when once you shall be there, quando una volta ci saréte.
[1]When you are there, render,when you shall be there.
[1]When you are there, render,when you shall be there.
[2]Ricevere, must be in the future, third person plural.
[2]Ricevere, must be in the future, third person plural.
[3]Render,while I shall be there, mentre starò là.
[3]Render,while I shall be there, mentre starò là.
[4]Render,when once you shall be there, quando una volta ci saréte.
[4]Render,when once you shall be there, quando una volta ci saréte.
On theImperative, or Mood that commands.
Go from meandáreto my lady;signórapresent my respects topresentáre rispéttoher: give her this letter,dare questo létteraand bring me an answer;portáre rispóstashould she not beéssereat home,casastay tillrestáreshe comes back.ritornáre.
Speak Italianparláre Italiánowith me,mecopronounce well,pronunziárebegin again,ricominciáreread softly,leggere adágiorepeat your lesson,ripétere leziónego.coraggio.
The Auxiliary Verbavére, requires an accusative Case.
You have a sonavére figliowho hasthe finest qualitiesbello qualitàin the world;mondohe hasavérea sweet countenance,piacévole fisonomiaa great deal of civility,molto civiltàand very obliging manners;cortése manierain short, he hasthe love of every body,affetto tuttoand you are happyéssere fortunatoin having such a son.
A man is very happyuómo molto felícewho hasthe fear of Godtimóre Dioand the love of his neighbours,amóre prossimothough[1]benchèhe should not havethe riches of fortune.richézza fortúna.
Those whohave wealth,avére[2]richézzaand have nocharity for the poor,carità poveroshall not sharepartecipáreGod’s mercy.Dio misericordia.
A manuómothat haswit,spíritoand no behaviour,condóttais despicable.sprezzábile.
I havescholarsscolárowho havesense,giudizioand are diligent;éssere diligéntebut I haveothers who arealtro chedull,ottusiand very idle.pigro.
If you haveavéregood manners,buóno manieracivilityciviltàand complaisance,compiacénzayou will beéssereloved by every body.amáto tutto.
[1]Benchègoverns the subjunctive mood.[2]SeeGram.p. 211, on the articlesdel,dello,della, &c.
[1]Benchègoverns the subjunctive mood.
[1]Benchègoverns the subjunctive mood.
[2]SeeGram.p. 211, on the articlesdel,dello,della, &c.
[2]SeeGram.p. 211, on the articlesdel,dello,della, &c.
Sometimes the Verbavéreis used instead oféssere, especially when we speak ofcold,heat,hunger,thirst, or of the age of any one.
I was very coldavére freddowhenI came,venírebutam very warmavére caldonow.adesso.
You eatmangiáreas ifcome seyou were not hungry.avére fame.
I beg your pardon,domandáre perdónoI eat heartily;mangiáre di buón gustofor I was very hungry.avére molto appetito.
Are you not thirstyavére seteyet?ancóra?
Yes, sir,si, signóreI am very thirsty,avére gran setebut I won’t drink yet;ma volére bere ancórafor if I drinkse bevérewhen I am hungry,quando avére fameit prevents me fromimpedíreeating.mangiáre.
How old isquanto anno avéreyour uncle?zio?
He is not yetavére ancóraseventy years old.settánta anno.
You surprise me,sorpréndereI thoughtcréderehe was eighty.avére ottánta.
And you, sir,e signórehow old are you?anno avére?
I am not twentyavére ventiyet.ancóra.
On the Verb Substantiveéssere.The Verb Substantiveéssererequires the following noun in the Nominative Case.
Our masternostro maestrois diligent;éssere diligéntebut I have been hithertoéssere stato sinóravery idle;pigroI have done asavére fatto comethe drones.cacchióne.
I have lostavére pérderemy parents’ love,genitóre affettowho always providedche mi hanno sempre forníreall things necessary for me:tutto necessárioI have been unworthyéssere stato indégnoof their care;curabut I will deservema volére meritáreto be calledéssere chiamárethe most diligentdiligénteof all our scholarstutto scolárofor the time to come.all’avveníre.
The lionleóneis accountedpassáre perthe most generous of animals,generóso animalebecauseperchèhe is more placableplacábilethan the others.altro.
The sanguinary mindssanguinário animoof some menuómoare more barbarouséssere barbarothan wild beasts.fíeraMan is a creatureUómo creatúraof upright body:dritto corpowhen he is old,quando vécchiohis body bendscorpo inchinársitowards the earth;verso terraand his soul ascendsánima ascéndereto heaven,ciélowhich is his habitationfor ever.dimóra.
How are youcome starethis morning?mattína?I am very well,stare beníssimothank you.grazie.
How do your[1]starefatherpadreand mothermadredo?
I hopesperáremy father is well.padre stare beneHe was wellthe last timeúltimo voltaI saw him,vedérebut my motherma madrehas not been welléssere stato benethese two or three days.[2]due tre giórnoAnd how are you, sir?stare signóre?
I should be well enough,stare ene abbastanzaif I had money.[3]se avére danáro.
I hopesperáreyour lady is well.signóra stare bene.
She is perfectly well,stare perfettaménte beneat your service.servízio.
I am very gladrallegrársito hearsentíreshe is so well.stare così bene.
What weather is it[4]tempo fareto-day,oggiI wish to know?[5]volére sapére?
It isthe finestbelloweather inthe world.mondo.
Is it hotterfare caldoin SpainSpagnathan in Italy?Itália?
It is hotterfaretherein summer,estátebut it is very coldma fare freddoin winter.inverno.
Ifit is fine weatherfare bello tempoto-morrow,domániwe will goandárein the country.campágna.
I believecrédereit will not be fine weather,fare bello tempoforperchèit is verydarkoscúroto-night.questa séra.
[1]When we inquire after any one’s health, we make use of the verbstare, instead offare.[2]These two or three days,i. e. da due o tre giorni in quà.[3]If I had money,Se avessi danari, and notavevo.[4]When we speak of the weather, we use the third person singular of the verbfare, instead of the verbéssere.[5]Use the optative mood, and say,vorrei.
[1]When we inquire after any one’s health, we make use of the verbstare, instead offare.
[1]When we inquire after any one’s health, we make use of the verbstare, instead offare.
[2]These two or three days,i. e. da due o tre giorni in quà.
[2]These two or three days,i. e. da due o tre giorni in quà.
[3]If I had money,Se avessi danari, and notavevo.
[3]If I had money,Se avessi danari, and notavevo.
[4]When we speak of the weather, we use the third person singular of the verbfare, instead of the verbéssere.
[4]When we speak of the weather, we use the third person singular of the verbfare, instead of the verbéssere.
[5]Use the optative mood, and say,vorrei.
[5]Use the optative mood, and say,vorrei.
The Verbaver pietàgoverns the Genitive.
I have no pityavére pietàon the miserydella misériaof those, whobeing young and strong,éssere gióvine fortelove betteramáreto begaccattárefrom door toportadoor,than to workin che lavorárefor their bread;per guadagnarsi panebut I pity muchma avére pietàthe blind,ciécoand old people,i vecchiwho are incapableéssere incapáceof doing any thing forfare alcuna cosatheir living.vitto.
I pity my brother,avére pietà fratélloI pityhis folly,pazziafor he has wastedperchè dilapidáreall the fortunetutto patrimoniomy father left him.padre lasciáre.
The verbburlarsigoverns the Genitive.
Men areuómo éssereoften inclinedspesso inclinátoto laugh atburlársiothers’ misfortunes,di altri disgráziainstead ofin vece dihaving pity on them.avére pietà.
Those whoquello checall themselves Christians,chiamársi Cristiánoand do not livenon vívereaccording to their religion,secóndo religiónemock Godburlársi Iddíoand his doctrine.dottrína.
Do not jeer atburlársiothers’ poverty,altro povertàfor you do not knownon sapérehow longquanto tempofortune will be favourablefortúna éssere favorévoleto you;and ife seyou should become poor,diventáre póveroevery oneognúnowould laugh at you.rídersi di.
It isésserea great mark of follygrande segno pazzíato laughridéreat every thing.di tutto.
The verbpentirsigoverns the Genitive.
If you repent sincerelyse pentírsi sinceraméntefor the faultcolpayou have committed,avére comméssoGod will forgive you;Iddío perdonárefor he does notperchèloveamárethe death of a sinner,morte peccátorebut he will have himvoléreto repent of his sins.pentírsi peccáto.
It is not enoughnon bastáreto say,direI repent of my ill conduct,pentírsi cattívo condóttaand of my bad life,mala vitaif you do not shewse mostrárethe effectsefféttoof your repentancepentiméntoby a newnuóvoand better life.migliór vita.
The verbrallegrarsigoverns the Genitive.
A good Christianbuóno Cristiánoought neverdovére maito rejoice atrallegrársiothers’ misfortunes.altro disgrázia.
I rejoice atrallegrársithe good successbuóno riuscítayou hadavérein your business.affare.
Come and rejoicevenírewith memecoat the good newsbuóno nuóvaI receivedricévereto-day.oggi.
How will you have mecome volérerejoice atrallegrársia thingcosaI do not know?non sapére?
Tell medirefirst of allavanti ogni cosawhat newsnuóvaI must rejoice at.dovére rallegrársi.
The verbricordársigoverns the Genitive.
Do you rememberricordársithe promiseproméssayou made mefareyesterday?jéri?
I do not remember itnon ricordársiat all.affattoDo you not rememberthe sum of moneysomma danároyou saiddireyou would lend me?prestáre?
I assure youassicuráreI had forgotten it,avére scordátoI remember itricordársivery wellbeníssimonow.adésso.
The verblanguírerequires a Genitive case.
He who languishesquello languírewith thirst,di setegives greater thanksréndere grande gráziato the man whooffers him water,offeríre acquathan if a princeche se príncipegave him a crown.dare coróna.
The man whouómolanguisheslanguírefor loveamóreought to be pitied.dovére compiánto.
The verbsobbedíreanddisobbedírerequire a Dative.