232,233,239,302Orloff, Ivan,232Ostia,38Oudenarde,194Oxford,54Pacheco,78,84,85Pacific Ocean,384,386,388,389Pahlen, Count,307,308,309Palais Royal,291Palais Royal, Garden of the,337Pan-American Exposition,386,387,389Panapotovitch, Captain,417Panin, Count,230,231Pappenheim, General,181Paris,54,55,149,154,157,254,273,277,284,285,288,289,291,294,322,327,333-335,338,339,367Paris, University of,54Parma, Duke of,125Paterson, N. J.,387Paul I., of Russia,231,244,299-312Pausanias,5Pavia, Battle of,147Pavilion Marsan,330Pechlin, Baron,274,277Pedro I., of Portugal,77-85Pedro the Cruel, of Castile,84,85Peers, Chamber of,340Perpetual Edict,200,206,207Persia,4Peter, a priest,47,48,50Peter I. (the Great), of Russia,211-215,222,227,229,232,233,360Peter II., of Russia,214Peter III., of Russia,219-246,301,302,303,304,305,311Peterhof,227,233,238,239,240,241Pétion,285,290Petrovitch, Lavar,418Pharsalus, Battle of,27,31Philip II., of Macedon,1-7Philip II., of Spain,112,113-117,121-124,126,127,151Philip IV., of Spain,194Philip, the Metropolitan,139Philippine Islands,383Piccolomini, Octavio, 186Piedmont,93Pilsen,184Plato,45Plutarch,16,286,288,289Plutarch’s Lives,291Poitiers, Diana of, see Diana of PoitiersPoland,225,363Poland, King of,140Polyeucte,286Pomerania,171,176,238Pompadour, Madame de,156,158Pompey,26,27,28Pompey, Statue of,31Poniatowski, Prince,225Pontus,27Pope of Rome,55,58,59,62,63,77,83,85,112Poppæa, wife of Nero,37Portugal,81,84,85,112Potemkin, General,231Prague,173,174Preobrajenski guards,233Prim, General,394Protestant church,120,149,165,354Protestant reformation,112,117Protestant Union,166,167,170Protestantism,354Protitch, General,404Provence,148Provence, Comte de,333Providence Hotel,291Provinces, United,126Proudhon, P. J.,385Prussia,215,251,273,315,318,360Pskoff,372Ptolemies,41,42Ptolemy Philadelphus,42Ptolemy Physcon,42Pyrenean peninsula,112Pyrenees,408Querouet, Mademoiselle de,196Ramel, General,330Rappahannock River,349Ravaillac, François,154,155,157,160Raynal, Abbé,287Regensburg, Diet of,172Reichsrath,250-259,262,263,269,270Reichstag of Gefle,273Reichstag, Swedish,255,256,269,273,278Repnin, General,231Republicans,328,330Restitution edict,172,175Reutli,69Reutli conspiracy,70Reval,238Revolutionists,284,297Rheims,90Rhine,177,198Ribbing, Count,274,275,277Richelieu, Cardinal,175Richelieu, Duc de,332Richmond,346Richter,323Ristitch, M.,404,407Rizzio, David,87-108Robespierre,284,290,291Robzak,241Romanowna, Anastasia,132,133Rome,11-14,25-27,41,156,287Rome, Ancient kings of,29Roman Campagna,13Roman Empire,27,43Roman Republic,27,28,36Rostock,123,172Rostopchin, Count,308Roumania,399Roumelia,400Rousseau,287-289Royalists,284,328-331,334,339Rudolph of Hapsburg,68Rue des Cordeliers,292Russia,131,215,216,221-223,226-230,234,237,249,251,252,268,271,273,306,312,315,322,361,362,367-369,377,383,394,399,400Russian Carnival,307Russian Church,227Russian Empire,305Russian serfs,394Russian universities,365Ruthven, ——,97,99St. Angelo, Castle of,215St. Bartholomew, Eve of,111,140,149,152St. Louis,386St. Michael, Palace of,308,312St. Michael’s Canal,376St. Petersburg,215,222,225,233-236,238,241,243,268,303,311,370,373,374,377St. Petersburg, Governor-General of,309San Francisco,389Sand, C. L.,322,323,324Sassoulitch, Vera,370Savoy,148Saxony,180,181Saxony, Elector of,181Scandinavia,73Scania,257Scharnhorst, General,318Schiller, Frederick,73,318Schüsselburg,230,244,301Schwab, Justus,386Schwyz,67,69Scipio Africanus, Cornelius,12Scotland,91,93,100-102Sempronian law,11Seni, the astrologer,173Serapeum,42,43Servia,399,400,401,404,405,411,413,417,419Servia, Metropolitan of,403,411Servian Parliament, see SkuptshinaSeven Years’ War,253Seward, William II.,347,348,350Shakespeare, William,25,371Siberia,228,361,362,366Siberian exiles,365,366Silesia,177Silius, Caius,37Skuptshina,411,412Socialism,368Socialist congress,385Socialists,369Sodermanland, Duke of,277Sokoloff, Alexander,372,373Solbay, Battle of,203,206Soltikoff, Count,225Soothsayer,18South African War,68South America,316,383,413Spain,13,81,103,111,112,126,127,153,154,177,194,202,382,383,394Spanish-American War,382,383Spanish Inquisition,112,115,121,361Spanish Netherlands,194,197Stanton, E. M.,346,348Stauffacher, Werner, of Schwyz,69Stockholm,252,254-257,260,263,269,274,277,278Stourdza, Baron,322,323Stralsund, Fortress of,171Sulla, General,29Sully, Duke of,153,154Surratt, Mrs.,349,350Suwarow, General,231Sweden,175,194,195,197,222,249,251,254,256,257,262,263,265,267,269,271Swenskasund, Battle of,270Swiss Cantons,67,68Switzerland,68,71,73Switzerland Republic,73Synesius,46Tacitus,38,288Talizin, General,307, 309Tasso,155Tell, William,67,70,72Tepelof, ——,241Terrorists,285,288,295Terzky, General,182,186Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury,54,55Theocritus,42Theodosius the Great,42Theon, father of Hypatia,45Theophilus, Archbishop of Alexandria,43,44Thirty Years’ War,176,188Thuringia,180Thurn, Count,180Tiberius,33-38Tichelaar, ——,205,206Tilly, General,166-168,176Toropetz,372Toulouse,55,330Tournay,194Transvaal,70Transylvania,170Trent, Court of,116Trepow, General,370,372Trèves, College of,125Trianon,156Tribunal, Revolutionary,295Tribunes, Ten,15Triple Alliance,194,195,197Tromp, Admiral,193Troubles, Court of,119Trubetzkoi, Prince,243,244Turenne, Marshal,200Turgenieff, Ivan,369Turkey,225,363,400,401Turkey, European,399Tuscany,13Tver,366Twer,138UnitedNetherlands,195,196United Provinces,192United States,343,354,381-385,392United States Territories,68Unterwalden,67,69Uri,67,69Uri, Lake of,69Varennes,273Vauban, Marshal,195,200Venus, Temple of,29Vergennes, Count de,254Versailles,156,157,265,334-336Vienna,176,178,180,195,215Vienna congress,316Virgil,155Virginia,343,349“Voice of the People,”386Voltaire,155,287Vorwärts, Marshal,123Waldstädte, Three (Forest Cantons),67Wallenstein, General,163-188,308Wartburg,320Wartburg celebration,321,322Washington, D. C.,346,348,393Washington, George,126,127,351,388Waterloo,329West Indies,384Western Hemisphere,316Westminster,193White Mountain, Battle of,167Wiesbaden,404