Chapter 10

FOOTNOTES:[1]"So closely is the domestic history of George the Third connected with the political events of his reign, as to render it almost impossible to disassociate the one from the other. Fortunately, however, in the war of party and in the animated struggle for ascendency which he so long carried on with the great Whig aristocracy, there is ample and stirring interest."—J. H. Jesse.[2]The First Gentleman of Europe.2 vols. 1906.[3]The Vision of Judgment.[4]Thackeray:The Georges.[5]Carlyle:History of Frederick the Great.In Books V, VI and VII of this work is a full account of "The Double Marriage Project."[6]Created Duke of Gloucester, 1717; Duke of Edinburgh, 1727; Prince of Wales, January 9, 1729.[7]John Hervey, younger son of John Hervey, first Earl of Bristol, styled after the death of his elder brother, Baron Hervey of Ickworth (1696-1743).[8]George William Hervey, second Earl of Bristol (1721-1775).[9]Hervey:Memoirs of the Court of George II.[10]Afterwards married John, fourth Duke of Bedford.[11]George Bubb Dodington, afterwards Baron Melcombe of Melcombe Regis (1691-1762).[12]Hervey:Memoirs of the Court of George II.[13]Memoirs of the Court of George II.[14]Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth Earl of Chesterfield (1694-1773).[15]Wraxall:Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.[16]The boy was christened Cornwell Fitz-Frederick, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, February 26, 1736.[17]Hervey:Memoirs of the Court of George II.[18]William Capel, third Earl of Essex.[19]Letters ... between the King, Queen, Prince and Princess of Wales, on the occasion of the birth of the young Princess, 1737.[20]Letters ... between the King, Queen, Prince and Princess of Wales, on the occasion of the birth of the young Princess, 1737.[21]Henry St. John, first Viscount Bolingbroke (1678-1751).[22]Sir William Pulteney, afterwards Earl of Bath (1684-1764).[23]John Carteret, afterwards Earl Granville (1690-1763).[24]Sir Charles Wyndham, afterwards second Earl of Egremont (1710-1763).[25]Sir William Townshend, second son of Charles, second Viscount Townshend (1702?-1738).[26]Richard Temple, Viscount Cobham (1669?-1749).[27]Dukes of Beaufort, Bedford, Argyle, Bridgwater and Roxburghe; Marquis of Carnarvon; and Earls of Derby, Denbigh, Westmoreland, Winchelsea, Thanet, Sandwich, Carlisle, Aylesbury, Litchfield, Scarborough, Coventry, Oxford, Aylesford, Halifax, Macclesfield, Darnley, Barrymore, Inclagreen and Gronard.[28]Besides Augusta, Frederick by his wife had issue: George III; Edward Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (1739-1767); William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1743-1805), Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland (1745-1790); Frederick William (1750-1765); Caroline Matilda (1751-1775); who married Christian VII, King of Denmark; and Louisa Anne (1749-1768).[29]Galt:George III, his Court, and Family.[30]Justin McCarthy:History of the Four Georges.[31]Thomas Secker, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury."The Bishop, who had been bred a Presbyterian and man-midwife, which sect and profession he had dropped for a season, while he was president of a very free-thinking club, has been converted by Bishop Talbot, whose relation he married, and had his faith settled in a prebend of Durham."—Horace Walpole.[32]Robert Southy:Authentic Memoirs of George the Third.[33]Justin McCarthy:History of the Four Georges.[34]Hervey:Memoirs of the Court of George II.[35]Horace Walpole:Memoirs of the Reign of George II.[36]"As a friend to liberty in general, and to toleration in particular, I wish you may meet with all proper favour; but for myself I never give my vote in Parliament; and to influence my friends or direct my servants in theirs does not become my station. To leave them entirely to their own conscience and understanding is a rule I have hitherto prescribed to myself, and it is my purpose to adhere to it through the whole of my life." This was Frederick's reply to the Quaker who asked him to use his influence in favour of the bill concerning his sect; and, as Huish remarks, "could anything be more agreeable to the spirit of the British constitution?"[37]The baptism was repeated publicly on July 3, by the Bishop of Oxford (as Rector of St. James's parish) at Norfolk House, when the infant Prince was given the names of George William Frederick. The sponsors, the King of Sweden, the Duke of Saxe-Gotha, and the Queen of Prussia, were represented respectively by Lord Baltimore, the Marquis of Carnarvon, and Lady Charlotte Edwin.[38]Gait:George III, His Court and His Family.[39]A poetic allusion to the Princess Royal.[40]Francis Ayscough, afterwards Dean of Bristol (1700-1766). Clerk of the Closet to Frederick, Prince of Wales, 1740.[41]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.[42]George Lyttelton (1709-1773), created Baron Lyttelton 1756.[43]Francis, third Baron North (1704-1790), created Earl of Guilford, 1753.[44]Simon, first Earl Harcourt (1714-1777).[45]Andrew Stone (1703-1773), sometime Under-Secretary of State.[46]Thomas Hayter (1702-1762), Bishop of Norwich, 1749; Bishop of London, 1761.[47]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.[48]William Murray, afterwards first Earl of Mansfield (1705-1763).[49]Shortly after, Dr. Hayter's portrait was published, with these lines beneath it:"Not gentler virtues glow'd in Cambray's breast;Not more his young Telemachus was bless'd,Till envy, faction, and ambitious rage,Drove from the Court the pious sage;Back to his flock with transport he withdrew,And but one sigh—an honest one—he knew,'O guard my royal pupil, Heaven,' he said,'Let not his youth be like my age betray'd;I would have formed his footsteps in Thy way,But vice prevails, and impious men have sway."[50]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.[51]Bubb Dodington:Diary.[52]James Johnson (1705-1774), Bishop of Gloucester, 1752; Bishop of Worcester, 1759.[53]John Thomas (1696-1781), successively Bishop of Peterborough (1747), Salisbury (1757) and Winchester (1761).[54]Walpole:Memoirs of King George II.[55]James, second Earl Waldegrave (1715-1763), married Maria Walpole, a natural daughter of Sir Edward Walpole by Mrs. Clement, a milliner. After the death of her first husband the Countess secretly married on September 6, 1766, William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and the union was publicly announced when the Royal Marriage Act was introduced into Parliament.[56]John Stuart, third Earl of Bute (1715-1792).[57]He was appointed Lord of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales in September, 1750.[58]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.[59]Walpoliana.[60]Thackeray:The Four Georges.[61]Huish:The Public and Private Life of George the Third.[62]Charles Jenkinson, afterwards first Earl of Liverpool (1727-1808), the father of Robert, Lord Liverpool, some time Prime Minister.[63]Walpoliana.[64]The Letters of Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield.[65]Walpoliana.[66]Waldegrave:Memoirs.[67]Nicholls:Recollections and Reflections.[68]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.[69]Junius:Address to the King.[70]Walpole:Memoirs of the Reign of George II.[71]Huish:Public and Private Life of George III.[72]"The Princess Dowager was a woman of strong mind. When she was very ill, she would order her carriage, and drive about the streets, to show she was alive. The King and Queen used to go and see her every evening at eight o'clock; but when she got worse they went at seven, pretending they mistook the hour. The night before her death they were with her from seven to nine. She kept up the conversation as usual, went to bed, and was found dead in the morning. She died [on February 8, 1772] of the evil, which quite consumed her."—Walpoliana.[73]De Saintfoix:Essais Histor. sur Paris.[74]Doran:History of the Queens of England of the House of Hanover.[75]Memoirs of George III.[76]Princess Sophia Caroline Maria, elder daughter of the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who married the Margrave of Bayreuth in 1759.[77]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.[78]Huish:The Public and Private Life of George III.[79]Richard Temple Grenville, afterwards Grenville-Temple (1711-1799) on the death of his mother in 1752 succeeded to the earldom of Temple.[80]Lord Temple's younger brothers, George Grenville (1712-1770), sometime Prime Minister; James Grenville (died 1783). Their sister, Hester, married William Pitt, afterwards first Earl of Chatham.[81]Thomas Pelham-Holles, first Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1693-1768).[82]Philip Yorke (1690-1764), created Baron Hardwicke 1773; Lord Chancellor 1737; created Earl of Hardwicke 1754.[83]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.[84]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.[85]Rose:Diary. Scott was subsequently appointed a Commissioner of Excise.[86]Bubb Dodington:Diary.[87]Bubb Dodington:Diary.[88]Bubb Dodington:Diary.[89]Galt:George III, his Court and Family.[90]Bubb Dodington:Diary.[91]Galt:George III, his Court and Family.[92]According to John Galt, George III wrote several letters signed Ralph Robinson and dated from Windsor, to Arthur Young for the latter'sAnnals of Agriculture.[93]The New Foundling Hospital for Wit.[94]Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers.[95]Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers.[96]"Secluded from the world, attached from his infancy to one set of persons and one set of ideas, he can neither open his heart to new connexions, nor his mind to better information. A character of this sort is the soil fittest to produce that obstinate bigotry in politics and religion which begins with a meritorious sacrifice of the understanding, and finally conducts the monarch and the martyr to the block."—Junius, May 28, 1770.[97]Russia,The Maiden Queen; Germany,The Rivals; Genoa,All's Well that Ends Well; Spain,The Ambitious Stepmother; Prussia,The Inconstant, or, The Way to Win Him; France,The Busy-Body, Rather the Way of the World; Sweden,She Would if She Could; Denmark,As You Like It; The Dutch,The Medley; or, Nature Will Prevail; Flanders,How Happy Could She Be With Either; King of Sardinia,The Spartan Hero; Stanislaus,An Old Man Taught Wisdom; Don Philip,Much Ado About Nothing; The Young Pretender,A Midsummer Night's Dream.[98]Recollections and Reflections.[99]The Four Georges.[100]Galt:George III, his Court and Family.[101]Waldegrave:Memoirs.[102]John Wolcot, satirist and poet (1738-1819), wrote under the pseudonym of "Peter Pindar."[103]Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820), president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820.[104]Peter's Prophecy.[105]Nicholls:Recollections and Reflections.[106]Letters of Mary Lepel, Lady Hervey.[107]Letters of Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield.[108]Sir Charles Pratt, first Earl Camden (1714-1794).[109]Nicholls:Recollections and Reflections.[110]William J. Thoms:Hannah Lightfoot, Queen Charlotte and the Chevalier D'Eon. Dr. Wilmot's Polish Princess. Reprinted with some additions, from "Notes and Queries," 1867.[111]Elizabeth Chudleigh (1720-1788), married, first, Augustus Hervey (afterwards third Earl of Bristol), and, second, Evelyn Duke of Kingston.[112]The Monthly Magazine, July, 1821."A retreat was provided for Hannah in one of those large houses, surrounded with a high wall and garden, in the district of Cat-and-Mutton Fields, on the East side of Hackney Road, leading from Mile End Road, where she lived, and, it is said, died."—Notes and Queries, 1st series, vol. 8, p. 87.[113]The Monthly Magazine, September, 1821.[114]"With respect to the son born of this marriage, and said to be still living at the Cape of Good Hope, I think ... there must be some mistake. I was at the Cape of Good Hope in 1830, and spent some time at Mr. George Rex's hospitable residence at the Knysna. I understood from him that he had been about thirty-four years in the colony, and I should suppose he was about sixty-eight years of age, of a strong, robust appearance, and the exact resemblance in features to George III. This would bring him to about the time, as stated in Dr. Doran's work, when George III married Hannah Lightfoot. On Mr. Rex's first arrival at the colony, he occupied a high situation in the Colonial Government, and received an extensive grant of land at the Knysna. He retired there, and made most extensive improvements. His eldest son named John—at the time I was there, lived with his father, and will now most probably be the representative of George Rex."—William Harrison:Notes and Queries, February 9, 1861.The statement contradicted by Mr. Harrison had appeared inNotes and Queries, October 24, 1868: "When the Duke of Edinburgh went sporting in Cape Colony he was attended by George Rex and family, according toThe Timesaccount."[115]The arguments as to the authorship of the various works to which reference is made are set forth in the Appendix to Mr. Thoms'sbrôchure.Mrs. Olivia Serres (1772-1834) was the daughter of James Wilmot, who, as stated above, claimed to have married Hannah Lightfoot and the Prince of Wales. She married in 1791 the marine painter, John Thomas Serres. She claimed in 1817 to be a natural daughter of Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland, and three years later declared herself the Duke's legitimate daughter, when she assumed the title of Princess Olive of Cumberland. Her daughter, Lavinia Janetta Horton de Serres, afterwards Mrs. Ryves, called herself Princess Lavinia of Cumberland and Duchess of Lancaster, and published "The Appeal for Royalty" and other writings relating to her claim to the title.[116]The author desires to acknowledge his indebtedness to "The Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox. Edited by the Countess of Ilchester and Lord Stavordale (Murray, 1901)," and to express his thanks to Lord Ilchester, the owner of the copyright, for permission to insert several extracts from that work.[117]Afterwards the wife of Henry Fox, first Baron Holland.[118]Lord Holland's MemoirinThe Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.[119]Eldest daughter of Stephen, first Earl of Ilchester, the eldest brother of Henry Fox. Lady Susan eloped in 1764 with William O'Brien, the actor.[120]Lord Holland'sMemoirinThe Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.[121]Grenville Papers.[122]John William, Lord Newbattle, afterwards fifth Marquis of Lothian. "Lord Newbattle (Lord Ancram's son), a vain, insignificant puppy, lively, and not ugly, made love to all the girls, but was much in love with Lady Caroline Russell, the Duke of Bedford's daughter. Lady Sarah tried to get him away from her, and was so pleased with her success that she grew too much pleased with his Lordship. It was really a commerce of vanity, not of love, on each side."—Henry Fox, 1761.[123]Percy Fitzgerald:The Good Queen Charlotte.[124]Mr. Napier'sMemoirinThe Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.[125]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.[126]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.[127]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.[128]Lord Carlisle:Reminiscences.[129]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.Lord Westmoreland was an adherent of the Stuarts, and Selwyn said that "the lady in waiting must have told him Lady Sarah was the Pretender."[130]Second son of Francis, fifth Baron Napier.[131]It has been said that Sir Charles announced the capture of Scinde in the briefest despatch on record—"Peccavi." Only such a brilliant exploit can be accepted as excuse for such an execrable joke.[132]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.[133]Huish:The Public and Private Life of George III.[134]Princess Charlotte Sophia, younger daughter of Charles Louis, Duke of Miroir, the second son of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The Princess was born on May 16, 1744; her father died in 1751.

[1]"So closely is the domestic history of George the Third connected with the political events of his reign, as to render it almost impossible to disassociate the one from the other. Fortunately, however, in the war of party and in the animated struggle for ascendency which he so long carried on with the great Whig aristocracy, there is ample and stirring interest."—J. H. Jesse.

[2]The First Gentleman of Europe.2 vols. 1906.

[3]The Vision of Judgment.

[4]Thackeray:The Georges.

[5]Carlyle:History of Frederick the Great.In Books V, VI and VII of this work is a full account of "The Double Marriage Project."

[5]Carlyle:History of Frederick the Great.

In Books V, VI and VII of this work is a full account of "The Double Marriage Project."

[6]Created Duke of Gloucester, 1717; Duke of Edinburgh, 1727; Prince of Wales, January 9, 1729.

[7]John Hervey, younger son of John Hervey, first Earl of Bristol, styled after the death of his elder brother, Baron Hervey of Ickworth (1696-1743).

[8]George William Hervey, second Earl of Bristol (1721-1775).

[9]Hervey:Memoirs of the Court of George II.

[10]Afterwards married John, fourth Duke of Bedford.

[11]George Bubb Dodington, afterwards Baron Melcombe of Melcombe Regis (1691-1762).

[12]Hervey:Memoirs of the Court of George II.

[13]Memoirs of the Court of George II.

[14]Philip Dormer Stanhope, fourth Earl of Chesterfield (1694-1773).

[15]Wraxall:Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[16]The boy was christened Cornwell Fitz-Frederick, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, February 26, 1736.

[17]Hervey:Memoirs of the Court of George II.

[18]William Capel, third Earl of Essex.

[19]Letters ... between the King, Queen, Prince and Princess of Wales, on the occasion of the birth of the young Princess, 1737.

[20]Letters ... between the King, Queen, Prince and Princess of Wales, on the occasion of the birth of the young Princess, 1737.

[21]Henry St. John, first Viscount Bolingbroke (1678-1751).

[22]Sir William Pulteney, afterwards Earl of Bath (1684-1764).

[23]John Carteret, afterwards Earl Granville (1690-1763).

[24]Sir Charles Wyndham, afterwards second Earl of Egremont (1710-1763).

[25]Sir William Townshend, second son of Charles, second Viscount Townshend (1702?-1738).

[26]Richard Temple, Viscount Cobham (1669?-1749).

[27]Dukes of Beaufort, Bedford, Argyle, Bridgwater and Roxburghe; Marquis of Carnarvon; and Earls of Derby, Denbigh, Westmoreland, Winchelsea, Thanet, Sandwich, Carlisle, Aylesbury, Litchfield, Scarborough, Coventry, Oxford, Aylesford, Halifax, Macclesfield, Darnley, Barrymore, Inclagreen and Gronard.

[28]Besides Augusta, Frederick by his wife had issue: George III; Edward Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (1739-1767); William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1743-1805), Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland (1745-1790); Frederick William (1750-1765); Caroline Matilda (1751-1775); who married Christian VII, King of Denmark; and Louisa Anne (1749-1768).

[29]Galt:George III, his Court, and Family.

[30]Justin McCarthy:History of the Four Georges.

[31]Thomas Secker, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury."The Bishop, who had been bred a Presbyterian and man-midwife, which sect and profession he had dropped for a season, while he was president of a very free-thinking club, has been converted by Bishop Talbot, whose relation he married, and had his faith settled in a prebend of Durham."—Horace Walpole.

[31]Thomas Secker, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury.

"The Bishop, who had been bred a Presbyterian and man-midwife, which sect and profession he had dropped for a season, while he was president of a very free-thinking club, has been converted by Bishop Talbot, whose relation he married, and had his faith settled in a prebend of Durham."—Horace Walpole.

[32]Robert Southy:Authentic Memoirs of George the Third.

[33]Justin McCarthy:History of the Four Georges.

[34]Hervey:Memoirs of the Court of George II.

[35]Horace Walpole:Memoirs of the Reign of George II.

[36]"As a friend to liberty in general, and to toleration in particular, I wish you may meet with all proper favour; but for myself I never give my vote in Parliament; and to influence my friends or direct my servants in theirs does not become my station. To leave them entirely to their own conscience and understanding is a rule I have hitherto prescribed to myself, and it is my purpose to adhere to it through the whole of my life." This was Frederick's reply to the Quaker who asked him to use his influence in favour of the bill concerning his sect; and, as Huish remarks, "could anything be more agreeable to the spirit of the British constitution?"

[37]The baptism was repeated publicly on July 3, by the Bishop of Oxford (as Rector of St. James's parish) at Norfolk House, when the infant Prince was given the names of George William Frederick. The sponsors, the King of Sweden, the Duke of Saxe-Gotha, and the Queen of Prussia, were represented respectively by Lord Baltimore, the Marquis of Carnarvon, and Lady Charlotte Edwin.

[38]Gait:George III, His Court and His Family.

[39]A poetic allusion to the Princess Royal.

[40]Francis Ayscough, afterwards Dean of Bristol (1700-1766). Clerk of the Closet to Frederick, Prince of Wales, 1740.

[41]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.

[42]George Lyttelton (1709-1773), created Baron Lyttelton 1756.

[43]Francis, third Baron North (1704-1790), created Earl of Guilford, 1753.

[44]Simon, first Earl Harcourt (1714-1777).

[45]Andrew Stone (1703-1773), sometime Under-Secretary of State.

[46]Thomas Hayter (1702-1762), Bishop of Norwich, 1749; Bishop of London, 1761.

[47]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.

[48]William Murray, afterwards first Earl of Mansfield (1705-1763).

[49]Shortly after, Dr. Hayter's portrait was published, with these lines beneath it:"Not gentler virtues glow'd in Cambray's breast;Not more his young Telemachus was bless'd,Till envy, faction, and ambitious rage,Drove from the Court the pious sage;Back to his flock with transport he withdrew,And but one sigh—an honest one—he knew,'O guard my royal pupil, Heaven,' he said,'Let not his youth be like my age betray'd;I would have formed his footsteps in Thy way,But vice prevails, and impious men have sway."

[49]Shortly after, Dr. Hayter's portrait was published, with these lines beneath it:

"Not gentler virtues glow'd in Cambray's breast;Not more his young Telemachus was bless'd,Till envy, faction, and ambitious rage,Drove from the Court the pious sage;Back to his flock with transport he withdrew,And but one sigh—an honest one—he knew,'O guard my royal pupil, Heaven,' he said,'Let not his youth be like my age betray'd;I would have formed his footsteps in Thy way,But vice prevails, and impious men have sway."

[50]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.

[51]Bubb Dodington:Diary.

[52]James Johnson (1705-1774), Bishop of Gloucester, 1752; Bishop of Worcester, 1759.

[53]John Thomas (1696-1781), successively Bishop of Peterborough (1747), Salisbury (1757) and Winchester (1761).

[54]Walpole:Memoirs of King George II.

[55]James, second Earl Waldegrave (1715-1763), married Maria Walpole, a natural daughter of Sir Edward Walpole by Mrs. Clement, a milliner. After the death of her first husband the Countess secretly married on September 6, 1766, William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, and the union was publicly announced when the Royal Marriage Act was introduced into Parliament.

[56]John Stuart, third Earl of Bute (1715-1792).

[57]He was appointed Lord of the Bedchamber to the Prince of Wales in September, 1750.

[58]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.

[59]Walpoliana.

[60]Thackeray:The Four Georges.

[61]Huish:The Public and Private Life of George the Third.

[62]Charles Jenkinson, afterwards first Earl of Liverpool (1727-1808), the father of Robert, Lord Liverpool, some time Prime Minister.

[63]Walpoliana.

[64]The Letters of Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield.

[65]Walpoliana.

[66]Waldegrave:Memoirs.

[67]Nicholls:Recollections and Reflections.

[68]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.

[69]Junius:Address to the King.

[70]Walpole:Memoirs of the Reign of George II.

[71]Huish:Public and Private Life of George III.

[72]"The Princess Dowager was a woman of strong mind. When she was very ill, she would order her carriage, and drive about the streets, to show she was alive. The King and Queen used to go and see her every evening at eight o'clock; but when she got worse they went at seven, pretending they mistook the hour. The night before her death they were with her from seven to nine. She kept up the conversation as usual, went to bed, and was found dead in the morning. She died [on February 8, 1772] of the evil, which quite consumed her."—Walpoliana.

[73]De Saintfoix:Essais Histor. sur Paris.

[74]Doran:History of the Queens of England of the House of Hanover.

[75]Memoirs of George III.

[76]Princess Sophia Caroline Maria, elder daughter of the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, who married the Margrave of Bayreuth in 1759.

[77]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.

[78]Huish:The Public and Private Life of George III.

[79]Richard Temple Grenville, afterwards Grenville-Temple (1711-1799) on the death of his mother in 1752 succeeded to the earldom of Temple.

[80]Lord Temple's younger brothers, George Grenville (1712-1770), sometime Prime Minister; James Grenville (died 1783). Their sister, Hester, married William Pitt, afterwards first Earl of Chatham.

[81]Thomas Pelham-Holles, first Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1693-1768).

[82]Philip Yorke (1690-1764), created Baron Hardwicke 1773; Lord Chancellor 1737; created Earl of Hardwicke 1754.

[83]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.

[84]Walpole:Memoirs of George II.

[85]Rose:Diary. Scott was subsequently appointed a Commissioner of Excise.

[86]Bubb Dodington:Diary.

[87]Bubb Dodington:Diary.

[88]Bubb Dodington:Diary.

[89]Galt:George III, his Court and Family.

[90]Bubb Dodington:Diary.

[91]Galt:George III, his Court and Family.

[92]According to John Galt, George III wrote several letters signed Ralph Robinson and dated from Windsor, to Arthur Young for the latter'sAnnals of Agriculture.

[93]The New Foundling Hospital for Wit.

[94]Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers.

[95]Heroic Epistle to Sir William Chambers.

[96]"Secluded from the world, attached from his infancy to one set of persons and one set of ideas, he can neither open his heart to new connexions, nor his mind to better information. A character of this sort is the soil fittest to produce that obstinate bigotry in politics and religion which begins with a meritorious sacrifice of the understanding, and finally conducts the monarch and the martyr to the block."—Junius, May 28, 1770.

[97]Russia,The Maiden Queen; Germany,The Rivals; Genoa,All's Well that Ends Well; Spain,The Ambitious Stepmother; Prussia,The Inconstant, or, The Way to Win Him; France,The Busy-Body, Rather the Way of the World; Sweden,She Would if She Could; Denmark,As You Like It; The Dutch,The Medley; or, Nature Will Prevail; Flanders,How Happy Could She Be With Either; King of Sardinia,The Spartan Hero; Stanislaus,An Old Man Taught Wisdom; Don Philip,Much Ado About Nothing; The Young Pretender,A Midsummer Night's Dream.

[98]Recollections and Reflections.

[99]The Four Georges.

[100]Galt:George III, his Court and Family.

[101]Waldegrave:Memoirs.

[102]John Wolcot, satirist and poet (1738-1819), wrote under the pseudonym of "Peter Pindar."

[103]Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820), president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820.

[104]Peter's Prophecy.

[105]Nicholls:Recollections and Reflections.

[106]Letters of Mary Lepel, Lady Hervey.

[107]Letters of Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield.

[108]Sir Charles Pratt, first Earl Camden (1714-1794).

[109]Nicholls:Recollections and Reflections.

[110]William J. Thoms:Hannah Lightfoot, Queen Charlotte and the Chevalier D'Eon. Dr. Wilmot's Polish Princess. Reprinted with some additions, from "Notes and Queries," 1867.

[111]Elizabeth Chudleigh (1720-1788), married, first, Augustus Hervey (afterwards third Earl of Bristol), and, second, Evelyn Duke of Kingston.

[112]The Monthly Magazine, July, 1821."A retreat was provided for Hannah in one of those large houses, surrounded with a high wall and garden, in the district of Cat-and-Mutton Fields, on the East side of Hackney Road, leading from Mile End Road, where she lived, and, it is said, died."—Notes and Queries, 1st series, vol. 8, p. 87.

[112]The Monthly Magazine, July, 1821.

"A retreat was provided for Hannah in one of those large houses, surrounded with a high wall and garden, in the district of Cat-and-Mutton Fields, on the East side of Hackney Road, leading from Mile End Road, where she lived, and, it is said, died."—Notes and Queries, 1st series, vol. 8, p. 87.

[113]The Monthly Magazine, September, 1821.

[114]"With respect to the son born of this marriage, and said to be still living at the Cape of Good Hope, I think ... there must be some mistake. I was at the Cape of Good Hope in 1830, and spent some time at Mr. George Rex's hospitable residence at the Knysna. I understood from him that he had been about thirty-four years in the colony, and I should suppose he was about sixty-eight years of age, of a strong, robust appearance, and the exact resemblance in features to George III. This would bring him to about the time, as stated in Dr. Doran's work, when George III married Hannah Lightfoot. On Mr. Rex's first arrival at the colony, he occupied a high situation in the Colonial Government, and received an extensive grant of land at the Knysna. He retired there, and made most extensive improvements. His eldest son named John—at the time I was there, lived with his father, and will now most probably be the representative of George Rex."—William Harrison:Notes and Queries, February 9, 1861.The statement contradicted by Mr. Harrison had appeared inNotes and Queries, October 24, 1868: "When the Duke of Edinburgh went sporting in Cape Colony he was attended by George Rex and family, according toThe Timesaccount."

The statement contradicted by Mr. Harrison had appeared inNotes and Queries, October 24, 1868: "When the Duke of Edinburgh went sporting in Cape Colony he was attended by George Rex and family, according toThe Timesaccount."

[115]The arguments as to the authorship of the various works to which reference is made are set forth in the Appendix to Mr. Thoms'sbrôchure.Mrs. Olivia Serres (1772-1834) was the daughter of James Wilmot, who, as stated above, claimed to have married Hannah Lightfoot and the Prince of Wales. She married in 1791 the marine painter, John Thomas Serres. She claimed in 1817 to be a natural daughter of Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland, and three years later declared herself the Duke's legitimate daughter, when she assumed the title of Princess Olive of Cumberland. Her daughter, Lavinia Janetta Horton de Serres, afterwards Mrs. Ryves, called herself Princess Lavinia of Cumberland and Duchess of Lancaster, and published "The Appeal for Royalty" and other writings relating to her claim to the title.

[115]The arguments as to the authorship of the various works to which reference is made are set forth in the Appendix to Mr. Thoms'sbrôchure.

Mrs. Olivia Serres (1772-1834) was the daughter of James Wilmot, who, as stated above, claimed to have married Hannah Lightfoot and the Prince of Wales. She married in 1791 the marine painter, John Thomas Serres. She claimed in 1817 to be a natural daughter of Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland, and three years later declared herself the Duke's legitimate daughter, when she assumed the title of Princess Olive of Cumberland. Her daughter, Lavinia Janetta Horton de Serres, afterwards Mrs. Ryves, called herself Princess Lavinia of Cumberland and Duchess of Lancaster, and published "The Appeal for Royalty" and other writings relating to her claim to the title.

[116]The author desires to acknowledge his indebtedness to "The Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox. Edited by the Countess of Ilchester and Lord Stavordale (Murray, 1901)," and to express his thanks to Lord Ilchester, the owner of the copyright, for permission to insert several extracts from that work.

[117]Afterwards the wife of Henry Fox, first Baron Holland.

[118]Lord Holland's MemoirinThe Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.

[119]Eldest daughter of Stephen, first Earl of Ilchester, the eldest brother of Henry Fox. Lady Susan eloped in 1764 with William O'Brien, the actor.

[120]Lord Holland'sMemoirinThe Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.

[121]Grenville Papers.

[122]John William, Lord Newbattle, afterwards fifth Marquis of Lothian. "Lord Newbattle (Lord Ancram's son), a vain, insignificant puppy, lively, and not ugly, made love to all the girls, but was much in love with Lady Caroline Russell, the Duke of Bedford's daughter. Lady Sarah tried to get him away from her, and was so pleased with her success that she grew too much pleased with his Lordship. It was really a commerce of vanity, not of love, on each side."—Henry Fox, 1761.

[123]Percy Fitzgerald:The Good Queen Charlotte.

[124]Mr. Napier'sMemoirinThe Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.

[125]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.

[126]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.

[127]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.

[128]Lord Carlisle:Reminiscences.

[129]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.Lord Westmoreland was an adherent of the Stuarts, and Selwyn said that "the lady in waiting must have told him Lady Sarah was the Pretender."

[129]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.

Lord Westmoreland was an adherent of the Stuarts, and Selwyn said that "the lady in waiting must have told him Lady Sarah was the Pretender."

[130]Second son of Francis, fifth Baron Napier.

[131]It has been said that Sir Charles announced the capture of Scinde in the briefest despatch on record—"Peccavi." Only such a brilliant exploit can be accepted as excuse for such an execrable joke.

[132]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.

[133]Huish:The Public and Private Life of George III.

[134]Princess Charlotte Sophia, younger daughter of Charles Louis, Duke of Miroir, the second son of the Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The Princess was born on May 16, 1744; her father died in 1751.

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