FOOTNOTES:[1]Political History of England, vol. X, 1760-1801.[2]Coxe:Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole.[3]"The idea to tax the colonies seems to have been the King's, and it is said that Grenville believed that even the attempt must have alarming consequences." Galt:George III, his Court and Family.[4]Recollections and Reflections.[5]The King's Speech at the prorogation of Parliament on April 19, 1764, contained a reference to the measures respecting America. "The wise regulations which have been established to augment the public revenues, to unite the interests of the most distant possessions of my crown, and to encourage and secure their commerce with Great Britain, call for my hearty approbation."[6]Henry Seymour Conway (1721-1795), lieutenant-general 1759, general 1772, field-marshal 1793.[7]Colonel Isaac Barré (1726-1802).[8]Horace Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[9]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.[10]Walpoliana."Lord Sussex told Sir Denis le Marchant that one of the Under-Secretaries of that day said to him, 'Mr. Grenville lost America because he read the American despatches, which his predecessors had never done;' and so complete a sinecure was the Board of Trade then considered, that a Colonel Bladen, one of the commissioners, happening to apply himself to the duties of his office, the Colonel went by the name of 'Trade,' while his colleagues were called 'The Board.'"—Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[11]Phillimore:Life of Lyttelton.[12]William Hunt:Political History of England, 1760-1801.[13]Petitions from Provincial Assemblies were ignored by ministers at home, and even memorials from such important states as Massachusetts and New York, ordered by the King in Council to be laid before Parliament, were suppressed.[14]Speech during the Debate on the Address, January 14, 1766.[15]Anstey:The New Bath Guide.[16]Adolphus:History of England.[17]Almon:Collection of Papers.[18]Stedman:History of the American War; Andrews:History of the American War.[19]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[20]Thomas Nuthall, died 1775, appointed by Rockingham Solicitor to the Treasury, 1765.[21]In this debate Edmund Burke, who was at the time Secretary to the Prime Minister, made his first speech, upon which he was congratulated by Pitt, who said, "It was seasonable, reasonable, and eloquent." Through it he first sprang into fame, but when some one expressed surprise at this sudden elevation, Dr. Johnson, who knew Burke and of course had read "The Vindication of Natural Society" and "On the Sublime and Beautiful," exclaimed, "Sir, there is no wonder at all. We, who know Mr. Burke, know that he will be one of the first men in the country."[22]Essay on William Pitt, Earl of Chatham.[23]"The events of yesterday in the House of Commons have shown the amazing power and influence which Mr. Pitt has whenever he takes part in debate."—Lord Rockingham to the King.[24]Life of Lord Camden.[25]Chatham Correspondence."My position is this. I repeat it. I will maintain it to my latest hour. Taxation and representation are inseparable. This position is founded on the laws of nature. It is more. It is an eternal law of nature; for whatever is a man's own is absolutely his own. No man has a right to take it from him without his consent, either expressed by himself or his representatives. Whoever attempts to do so attempts an injury. Whoever does it commits a robbery. He throws down and destroys the distinction between liberty and slavery."—Lord Camden in the House of Lords, February 24, 1766.[26]Grenville Papers.[27]"Lord Northumberland's son, Lord Warkworth, having married Lord Bute's daughter, was admitted to the King's private junto, which met daily at this time at Mr. Stow's. It consisted of Lord Bute, Lord Northumberland, Lord Mansfield, Sir Fletcher Norton, Mr. Stow, and Mr. Stow's brother, the Primate of Ireland."—Rockingham Memoirs, 1765.[28]Seesupra, vol. ii, pp. 41-2.[29]Memoirs of George III.[30]For a full investigation of this question, see Jesse:Memoirs of George III. (Second edition, 1867; vol. I, p. 360et supra.)[31]Last Journals.[32]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.[33]George III, his Court and Family.[34]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[35]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[36]"I don't pretend to be like Henry Conway, who walks up to the mouth of a cannon with as much coolness and grace as if he was going to dance a minuet."—George Stanhope.[37]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[38]Chatham Correspondence.[39]Dr. Hunt believes that the "over-ruling influence" Pitt thought he detected was that of the Duke of Newcastle.[40]Recollections and Reflections.[41]Lord Hardwicke:Memorial.[42]"Lord Rockingham afterwards declared that he had never enjoyed such distinguished marks of the royal kindness as during a period when the influence of Great Britain was paralysed; every foreign capital had the knowledge that the existing Prime Minister would not remain in office ten minutes after a successor could be found for him."—Trevelyan:Early Life of Fox.[43]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[44]Ibid.[45]Bedford Correspondence.[46]Basil Fielding, sixth Earl of Denbigh.[47]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[48]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[49]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[50]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[51]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[52]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[53]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham; Walpole:Memoirs of George III; etc. "The King complained that Lord Rockingham had taxed him with breach of his word."—Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[54]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[55]Memoirs of George III.[56]A Short Account of a late Short Administration.[57]Chatham Correspondence.[58]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[59]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[60]Ibid.[61]Memoirs of the Reign of George III.[62]Thackeray:Life of Chatham.[63]"Lord Chatham found it necessary to gain new friends, and enfeeble his opponents; but his endeavours failed. The harsh manner in which he dismissed Lord Edgcumbe from the appointment of Treasurer of the Household, with a view to gratify the Duke of Newcastle by bestowing it on Sir John Shelley, the Duke's near relation, disgusted many respectable members of Administration. The Duke of Portland, the Earls of Bessborough and Scarborough, and Lord Monson, withdrew their support; and Sir Charles Saunders, Sir William Meredith and Admiral Keppel, resigned their places at the Board of Admiralty."—Adolphus:History of England, November, 1766.Overtures were made to the "Bloomsbury Gang," but without any real effectual result, for, though one or two of the minor members joined the Government, the Duke of Bedford held aloof.[64]Trevelyan:The Early Life of C. J. Fox.[65]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.[66]Afterwards fourth Duke of Queensbury.[67]Alexander Montgomerie, tenth Earl of Eglington.[68]In the farce of "Padlock," Don Lorenzo asks his black servant Mungo, "Can you be honest?" to which Mungo replies, "What you give me, Massa?" Barré, who was present, promptly nicknamed Jeremiah Dyson "Mungo," and by this designation he was henceforth known.[69]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[70]Burns:A Dream.[71]Chatham Correspondence.[72]Mary Berry:Journals.[73]Chatham Correspondence.[74]Chatham Correspondence.[75]Memoirs of George III.[76]Phillimore:Life of Lyttelton.[77]Chatham Correspondence.[78]"I think I have a right toinsiston your remaining in my service; for I with pleasure look forward to the time of your recovery, when I may have your assistance in resisting the torrent of factions this country so much labours under."—George III to Lord Chatham.[79]Memoirs of George III.[80]Nancy Parsons subsequently married Lord Maynard, an event duly chronicled by an anonymous pamphleteer in "A Letter to a Celebrated Young Nobleman on His Late Nuptials," 1777. "I will not on this occasion pay your Lordship so bad a compliment as to enumerate Lady Maynard's charms; all the world knows them as well as yourself; her virtues you alone are acquainted with."[81]His first wife having divorced him, he married a daughter of the Rev. Richard Wriothesley.[82]Nicholls:Recollections, Personal and Political.[83]"The account of the Cabinet Council being put off—first for a match at Newmarket, and secondly because the Duke of Grafton had company in his house—exhibits a lively picture of the present administration."—George Grenville to Whately, October 20, 1767.[84]Letter signed "Philo-Junius," June 22, 1769.[85]"At length the clouds which had gathered over his mind broke and passed away. His gout returned, and freed him from a more cruel malady. His nerves were newly braced. His spirits became buoyant. He woke as from a sickly dream. It was a strange recovery. Men had been in the habit of talking of him as of one dead, and, when he first showed himself at the King'slevée, started as if they had seen a ghost. It was more than two years and a half since he had appeared in public."—Macaulay:The Earl of Chatham.[86]Seeantevol. I, pp. 266-7.[87]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.[88]"We have independent mobs that have nothing to do with Wilkes, and who only take advantage of so favourable a season. The dearness of provisions incites—the hope of increase of wages allures—and drink puts them in motion. The coal-heavers began; and it is well it is not a hard frost, for they have stopped all coals coming to town. The sawyers rose, too, and at last the sailors, who have committed great outrages in merchant-ships and prevented their sailing."—Horace Walpole, May, 1768.[89]Lord Camden was a poor man, and would have been much inconvenienced by his dismissal, had not Chatham earlier secured to him a pension of £1,500.[90]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[91]Trevelyan:Early Life of C. J. Fox.[92]Frederick, Lord North (1732-1792), succeeded his father as second Earl of Guilford in 1790. He is, however, better known as Lord North.[93]"As Lord Bute gradually retired into the shade of private life, and became insensibly forgotten, Mr. Jenkinson proportionately came forward in his own person, and on his own proper merits. Throughout the whole period of Lord North's administration from 1770 down to 1782, his intercourse with the King, and even his influence over the royal mind, were assumed to be constant, progressive, commensurate with, and sometimes paramount to, or subversive of, the measures proposed by the First Minister. However difficult of proof such assertions were, and however contrary, as I believe, they were to truth or fact, they did not operate the less forcibly on the bulk of the nation, and were not less eagerly credited by men of all parties. No denials on the part of persons in power could erase the impression, which newspapers and pamphlets industriously circulated throughout the kingdom."—Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.[94]Memoirs of George III.[95]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[96]Letter to a Noble Lord.[97]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.[98]Ibid.[99]Thackeray:The Four Georges.[100]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.[101]On February 15, 1802, Addington delivered a message to the Commons from the King. "His Majesty feels great concern in acquainting the House of Commons that the provision made by Parliament for defraying the expenses of his household, and civil government, has been found inadequate to their support. A considerable debt has, in consequence, been unavoidably incurred, an account of which he has ordered to be laid before this House. His Majesty relies with confidence on the zeal and affection of his faithful Commons, that they will take the same into their early consideration, and adopt such measures as the circumstances may appear to them to require." The amount required was in round figures £1,000,000, and the reasons alleged for the deficit were the dearness of provisions, the expenses caused by the younger princes and princesses who were growing up, the marriage of the Prince of Wales, and the support of Princess Charlotte of Wales.[102]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.[103]Ibid.[104]Ibid.[105]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.[106]Ibid.[107]Memoirs of Lord Waldegrave.[108]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[109]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.[110]Memoirs of George III.[111]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.[112]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.[113]Ibid.[114]Byron:The Vision of Judgment.[115]Byron:The Vision of Judgment.[116]Ibid.[117]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[118]Harry Powlett, sixth Duke of Bolton—the "Captain Whiffle" ofRoderick Random.[119]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[120]Lady Sarah Lennox:Life and Letters.[121]Lady Sarah Lennox:Life and Letters.[122]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[123]Ibid.[124]Charlotte, Countess of Essex.[125]Wife of Charles, third Duke of Richmond.[126]Wife of Sir William Stanhope.[127]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times."Her husband, the Earl of Tyrconnel, might be said to contribute about this time more than any nobleman about the court to the recreation of the reigning family, for, while his wife formed the object of the homage of one prince of the blood, his sister, had long presided in the affections of another. Lady Almeria Carpenter, one of the most beautiful women of her time, but to whom Nature had been sparing of intellectual gifts, was the person that attracted the Duke of Gloucester, who soon forgot all he had gone through for his wife."[128]Letters of Lady Jane Coke.[129]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[130]Early Life of C. J. Fox.[131]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[132]"The Duke of Gloucester has professed a passion for the Dowager Waldegrave. He is never from her elbow. This flatters Harry Walpole not a little, though he pretends to dislike it."—Gilly Williams to George Selwyn, December, 1764.[133]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.[134]For years there was a rumour that the Duke of Cumberland had married Olive Wilmot in 1767, and Miss Wilmot's daughter (afterwards Mrs. Serres) called herself Princess Olive of Cumberland. An attempt to prove the authenticity of the alleged marriage was brought before the courts in 1866 by Mrs. Ryves, a daughter of "Princess Olive," but the documents shown in support of the claim were proved to be spurious, and it was dismissed. However, according to Mr. Percy Fitzgerald, the Duke of Kent thought there was "something" in Mrs. Serres's story, "and tried to get some attention paid to her claims. Not having any money of his own, he was said to have asked Robert Owen to make her some advances, whilst he guaranteed." (The Family of George III.) A probable solution is that Olive Wilmot was the Duke s mistress.[135]Lady Anne Luttrell, daughter of Simon, Earl of Carhampton, and wife of Christopher Horton, of Catton Hall, Derby.An amusing story is toldà proposof Lord Carhampton and the Prince Regent. The Earl was seriously ill in 1812, and the rumour came to Carlton House that he was dead, whereupon the Prince, without waiting to authenticate the news, immediately gave away the colonelcy of the regiment of carabineers which Lord Carhampton held. The report reached the sick man, who instantly sent a friend to Pall Mall to tell his Royal Highness that he hoped to recover, and therefore begged him to dispose of any other regiment in the service except the carabineers. His Royal Highness might rest assured, the Earl added, that he would give special directions to his attendants not to lose a moment, after it was ascertained that he wasreally dead, in conveying the news to Carlton House.
FOOTNOTES:[1]Political History of England, vol. X, 1760-1801.[2]Coxe:Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole.[3]"The idea to tax the colonies seems to have been the King's, and it is said that Grenville believed that even the attempt must have alarming consequences." Galt:George III, his Court and Family.[4]Recollections and Reflections.[5]The King's Speech at the prorogation of Parliament on April 19, 1764, contained a reference to the measures respecting America. "The wise regulations which have been established to augment the public revenues, to unite the interests of the most distant possessions of my crown, and to encourage and secure their commerce with Great Britain, call for my hearty approbation."[6]Henry Seymour Conway (1721-1795), lieutenant-general 1759, general 1772, field-marshal 1793.[7]Colonel Isaac Barré (1726-1802).[8]Horace Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[9]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.[10]Walpoliana."Lord Sussex told Sir Denis le Marchant that one of the Under-Secretaries of that day said to him, 'Mr. Grenville lost America because he read the American despatches, which his predecessors had never done;' and so complete a sinecure was the Board of Trade then considered, that a Colonel Bladen, one of the commissioners, happening to apply himself to the duties of his office, the Colonel went by the name of 'Trade,' while his colleagues were called 'The Board.'"—Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[11]Phillimore:Life of Lyttelton.[12]William Hunt:Political History of England, 1760-1801.[13]Petitions from Provincial Assemblies were ignored by ministers at home, and even memorials from such important states as Massachusetts and New York, ordered by the King in Council to be laid before Parliament, were suppressed.[14]Speech during the Debate on the Address, January 14, 1766.[15]Anstey:The New Bath Guide.[16]Adolphus:History of England.[17]Almon:Collection of Papers.[18]Stedman:History of the American War; Andrews:History of the American War.[19]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[20]Thomas Nuthall, died 1775, appointed by Rockingham Solicitor to the Treasury, 1765.[21]In this debate Edmund Burke, who was at the time Secretary to the Prime Minister, made his first speech, upon which he was congratulated by Pitt, who said, "It was seasonable, reasonable, and eloquent." Through it he first sprang into fame, but when some one expressed surprise at this sudden elevation, Dr. Johnson, who knew Burke and of course had read "The Vindication of Natural Society" and "On the Sublime and Beautiful," exclaimed, "Sir, there is no wonder at all. We, who know Mr. Burke, know that he will be one of the first men in the country."[22]Essay on William Pitt, Earl of Chatham.[23]"The events of yesterday in the House of Commons have shown the amazing power and influence which Mr. Pitt has whenever he takes part in debate."—Lord Rockingham to the King.[24]Life of Lord Camden.[25]Chatham Correspondence."My position is this. I repeat it. I will maintain it to my latest hour. Taxation and representation are inseparable. This position is founded on the laws of nature. It is more. It is an eternal law of nature; for whatever is a man's own is absolutely his own. No man has a right to take it from him without his consent, either expressed by himself or his representatives. Whoever attempts to do so attempts an injury. Whoever does it commits a robbery. He throws down and destroys the distinction between liberty and slavery."—Lord Camden in the House of Lords, February 24, 1766.[26]Grenville Papers.[27]"Lord Northumberland's son, Lord Warkworth, having married Lord Bute's daughter, was admitted to the King's private junto, which met daily at this time at Mr. Stow's. It consisted of Lord Bute, Lord Northumberland, Lord Mansfield, Sir Fletcher Norton, Mr. Stow, and Mr. Stow's brother, the Primate of Ireland."—Rockingham Memoirs, 1765.[28]Seesupra, vol. ii, pp. 41-2.[29]Memoirs of George III.[30]For a full investigation of this question, see Jesse:Memoirs of George III. (Second edition, 1867; vol. I, p. 360et supra.)[31]Last Journals.[32]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.[33]George III, his Court and Family.[34]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[35]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[36]"I don't pretend to be like Henry Conway, who walks up to the mouth of a cannon with as much coolness and grace as if he was going to dance a minuet."—George Stanhope.[37]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[38]Chatham Correspondence.[39]Dr. Hunt believes that the "over-ruling influence" Pitt thought he detected was that of the Duke of Newcastle.[40]Recollections and Reflections.[41]Lord Hardwicke:Memorial.[42]"Lord Rockingham afterwards declared that he had never enjoyed such distinguished marks of the royal kindness as during a period when the influence of Great Britain was paralysed; every foreign capital had the knowledge that the existing Prime Minister would not remain in office ten minutes after a successor could be found for him."—Trevelyan:Early Life of Fox.[43]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[44]Ibid.[45]Bedford Correspondence.[46]Basil Fielding, sixth Earl of Denbigh.[47]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[48]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[49]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[50]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[51]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[52]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[53]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham; Walpole:Memoirs of George III; etc. "The King complained that Lord Rockingham had taxed him with breach of his word."—Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[54]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[55]Memoirs of George III.[56]A Short Account of a late Short Administration.[57]Chatham Correspondence.[58]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[59]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[60]Ibid.[61]Memoirs of the Reign of George III.[62]Thackeray:Life of Chatham.[63]"Lord Chatham found it necessary to gain new friends, and enfeeble his opponents; but his endeavours failed. The harsh manner in which he dismissed Lord Edgcumbe from the appointment of Treasurer of the Household, with a view to gratify the Duke of Newcastle by bestowing it on Sir John Shelley, the Duke's near relation, disgusted many respectable members of Administration. The Duke of Portland, the Earls of Bessborough and Scarborough, and Lord Monson, withdrew their support; and Sir Charles Saunders, Sir William Meredith and Admiral Keppel, resigned their places at the Board of Admiralty."—Adolphus:History of England, November, 1766.Overtures were made to the "Bloomsbury Gang," but without any real effectual result, for, though one or two of the minor members joined the Government, the Duke of Bedford held aloof.[64]Trevelyan:The Early Life of C. J. Fox.[65]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.[66]Afterwards fourth Duke of Queensbury.[67]Alexander Montgomerie, tenth Earl of Eglington.[68]In the farce of "Padlock," Don Lorenzo asks his black servant Mungo, "Can you be honest?" to which Mungo replies, "What you give me, Massa?" Barré, who was present, promptly nicknamed Jeremiah Dyson "Mungo," and by this designation he was henceforth known.[69]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[70]Burns:A Dream.[71]Chatham Correspondence.[72]Mary Berry:Journals.[73]Chatham Correspondence.[74]Chatham Correspondence.[75]Memoirs of George III.[76]Phillimore:Life of Lyttelton.[77]Chatham Correspondence.[78]"I think I have a right toinsiston your remaining in my service; for I with pleasure look forward to the time of your recovery, when I may have your assistance in resisting the torrent of factions this country so much labours under."—George III to Lord Chatham.[79]Memoirs of George III.[80]Nancy Parsons subsequently married Lord Maynard, an event duly chronicled by an anonymous pamphleteer in "A Letter to a Celebrated Young Nobleman on His Late Nuptials," 1777. "I will not on this occasion pay your Lordship so bad a compliment as to enumerate Lady Maynard's charms; all the world knows them as well as yourself; her virtues you alone are acquainted with."[81]His first wife having divorced him, he married a daughter of the Rev. Richard Wriothesley.[82]Nicholls:Recollections, Personal and Political.[83]"The account of the Cabinet Council being put off—first for a match at Newmarket, and secondly because the Duke of Grafton had company in his house—exhibits a lively picture of the present administration."—George Grenville to Whately, October 20, 1767.[84]Letter signed "Philo-Junius," June 22, 1769.[85]"At length the clouds which had gathered over his mind broke and passed away. His gout returned, and freed him from a more cruel malady. His nerves were newly braced. His spirits became buoyant. He woke as from a sickly dream. It was a strange recovery. Men had been in the habit of talking of him as of one dead, and, when he first showed himself at the King'slevée, started as if they had seen a ghost. It was more than two years and a half since he had appeared in public."—Macaulay:The Earl of Chatham.[86]Seeantevol. I, pp. 266-7.[87]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.[88]"We have independent mobs that have nothing to do with Wilkes, and who only take advantage of so favourable a season. The dearness of provisions incites—the hope of increase of wages allures—and drink puts them in motion. The coal-heavers began; and it is well it is not a hard frost, for they have stopped all coals coming to town. The sawyers rose, too, and at last the sailors, who have committed great outrages in merchant-ships and prevented their sailing."—Horace Walpole, May, 1768.[89]Lord Camden was a poor man, and would have been much inconvenienced by his dismissal, had not Chatham earlier secured to him a pension of £1,500.[90]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[91]Trevelyan:Early Life of C. J. Fox.[92]Frederick, Lord North (1732-1792), succeeded his father as second Earl of Guilford in 1790. He is, however, better known as Lord North.[93]"As Lord Bute gradually retired into the shade of private life, and became insensibly forgotten, Mr. Jenkinson proportionately came forward in his own person, and on his own proper merits. Throughout the whole period of Lord North's administration from 1770 down to 1782, his intercourse with the King, and even his influence over the royal mind, were assumed to be constant, progressive, commensurate with, and sometimes paramount to, or subversive of, the measures proposed by the First Minister. However difficult of proof such assertions were, and however contrary, as I believe, they were to truth or fact, they did not operate the less forcibly on the bulk of the nation, and were not less eagerly credited by men of all parties. No denials on the part of persons in power could erase the impression, which newspapers and pamphlets industriously circulated throughout the kingdom."—Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.[94]Memoirs of George III.[95]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[96]Letter to a Noble Lord.[97]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.[98]Ibid.[99]Thackeray:The Four Georges.[100]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.[101]On February 15, 1802, Addington delivered a message to the Commons from the King. "His Majesty feels great concern in acquainting the House of Commons that the provision made by Parliament for defraying the expenses of his household, and civil government, has been found inadequate to their support. A considerable debt has, in consequence, been unavoidably incurred, an account of which he has ordered to be laid before this House. His Majesty relies with confidence on the zeal and affection of his faithful Commons, that they will take the same into their early consideration, and adopt such measures as the circumstances may appear to them to require." The amount required was in round figures £1,000,000, and the reasons alleged for the deficit were the dearness of provisions, the expenses caused by the younger princes and princesses who were growing up, the marriage of the Prince of Wales, and the support of Princess Charlotte of Wales.[102]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.[103]Ibid.[104]Ibid.[105]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.[106]Ibid.[107]Memoirs of Lord Waldegrave.[108]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[109]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.[110]Memoirs of George III.[111]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.[112]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.[113]Ibid.[114]Byron:The Vision of Judgment.[115]Byron:The Vision of Judgment.[116]Ibid.[117]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[118]Harry Powlett, sixth Duke of Bolton—the "Captain Whiffle" ofRoderick Random.[119]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.[120]Lady Sarah Lennox:Life and Letters.[121]Lady Sarah Lennox:Life and Letters.[122]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[123]Ibid.[124]Charlotte, Countess of Essex.[125]Wife of Charles, third Duke of Richmond.[126]Wife of Sir William Stanhope.[127]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times."Her husband, the Earl of Tyrconnel, might be said to contribute about this time more than any nobleman about the court to the recreation of the reigning family, for, while his wife formed the object of the homage of one prince of the blood, his sister, had long presided in the affections of another. Lady Almeria Carpenter, one of the most beautiful women of her time, but to whom Nature had been sparing of intellectual gifts, was the person that attracted the Duke of Gloucester, who soon forgot all he had gone through for his wife."[128]Letters of Lady Jane Coke.[129]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[130]Early Life of C. J. Fox.[131]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.[132]"The Duke of Gloucester has professed a passion for the Dowager Waldegrave. He is never from her elbow. This flatters Harry Walpole not a little, though he pretends to dislike it."—Gilly Williams to George Selwyn, December, 1764.[133]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.[134]For years there was a rumour that the Duke of Cumberland had married Olive Wilmot in 1767, and Miss Wilmot's daughter (afterwards Mrs. Serres) called herself Princess Olive of Cumberland. An attempt to prove the authenticity of the alleged marriage was brought before the courts in 1866 by Mrs. Ryves, a daughter of "Princess Olive," but the documents shown in support of the claim were proved to be spurious, and it was dismissed. However, according to Mr. Percy Fitzgerald, the Duke of Kent thought there was "something" in Mrs. Serres's story, "and tried to get some attention paid to her claims. Not having any money of his own, he was said to have asked Robert Owen to make her some advances, whilst he guaranteed." (The Family of George III.) A probable solution is that Olive Wilmot was the Duke s mistress.[135]Lady Anne Luttrell, daughter of Simon, Earl of Carhampton, and wife of Christopher Horton, of Catton Hall, Derby.An amusing story is toldà proposof Lord Carhampton and the Prince Regent. The Earl was seriously ill in 1812, and the rumour came to Carlton House that he was dead, whereupon the Prince, without waiting to authenticate the news, immediately gave away the colonelcy of the regiment of carabineers which Lord Carhampton held. The report reached the sick man, who instantly sent a friend to Pall Mall to tell his Royal Highness that he hoped to recover, and therefore begged him to dispose of any other regiment in the service except the carabineers. His Royal Highness might rest assured, the Earl added, that he would give special directions to his attendants not to lose a moment, after it was ascertained that he wasreally dead, in conveying the news to Carlton House.
FOOTNOTES:
[1]Political History of England, vol. X, 1760-1801.
[1]Political History of England, vol. X, 1760-1801.
[2]Coxe:Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole.
[2]Coxe:Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole.
[3]"The idea to tax the colonies seems to have been the King's, and it is said that Grenville believed that even the attempt must have alarming consequences." Galt:George III, his Court and Family.
[3]"The idea to tax the colonies seems to have been the King's, and it is said that Grenville believed that even the attempt must have alarming consequences." Galt:George III, his Court and Family.
[4]Recollections and Reflections.
[4]Recollections and Reflections.
[5]The King's Speech at the prorogation of Parliament on April 19, 1764, contained a reference to the measures respecting America. "The wise regulations which have been established to augment the public revenues, to unite the interests of the most distant possessions of my crown, and to encourage and secure their commerce with Great Britain, call for my hearty approbation."
[5]The King's Speech at the prorogation of Parliament on April 19, 1764, contained a reference to the measures respecting America. "The wise regulations which have been established to augment the public revenues, to unite the interests of the most distant possessions of my crown, and to encourage and secure their commerce with Great Britain, call for my hearty approbation."
[6]Henry Seymour Conway (1721-1795), lieutenant-general 1759, general 1772, field-marshal 1793.
[6]Henry Seymour Conway (1721-1795), lieutenant-general 1759, general 1772, field-marshal 1793.
[7]Colonel Isaac Barré (1726-1802).
[7]Colonel Isaac Barré (1726-1802).
[8]Horace Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[8]Horace Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[9]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.
[9]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.
[10]Walpoliana."Lord Sussex told Sir Denis le Marchant that one of the Under-Secretaries of that day said to him, 'Mr. Grenville lost America because he read the American despatches, which his predecessors had never done;' and so complete a sinecure was the Board of Trade then considered, that a Colonel Bladen, one of the commissioners, happening to apply himself to the duties of his office, the Colonel went by the name of 'Trade,' while his colleagues were called 'The Board.'"—Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[10]Walpoliana.
"Lord Sussex told Sir Denis le Marchant that one of the Under-Secretaries of that day said to him, 'Mr. Grenville lost America because he read the American despatches, which his predecessors had never done;' and so complete a sinecure was the Board of Trade then considered, that a Colonel Bladen, one of the commissioners, happening to apply himself to the duties of his office, the Colonel went by the name of 'Trade,' while his colleagues were called 'The Board.'"—Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[11]Phillimore:Life of Lyttelton.
[11]Phillimore:Life of Lyttelton.
[12]William Hunt:Political History of England, 1760-1801.
[12]William Hunt:Political History of England, 1760-1801.
[13]Petitions from Provincial Assemblies were ignored by ministers at home, and even memorials from such important states as Massachusetts and New York, ordered by the King in Council to be laid before Parliament, were suppressed.
[13]Petitions from Provincial Assemblies were ignored by ministers at home, and even memorials from such important states as Massachusetts and New York, ordered by the King in Council to be laid before Parliament, were suppressed.
[14]Speech during the Debate on the Address, January 14, 1766.
[14]Speech during the Debate on the Address, January 14, 1766.
[15]Anstey:The New Bath Guide.
[15]Anstey:The New Bath Guide.
[16]Adolphus:History of England.
[16]Adolphus:History of England.
[17]Almon:Collection of Papers.
[17]Almon:Collection of Papers.
[18]Stedman:History of the American War; Andrews:History of the American War.
[18]Stedman:History of the American War; Andrews:History of the American War.
[19]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[19]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[20]Thomas Nuthall, died 1775, appointed by Rockingham Solicitor to the Treasury, 1765.
[20]Thomas Nuthall, died 1775, appointed by Rockingham Solicitor to the Treasury, 1765.
[21]In this debate Edmund Burke, who was at the time Secretary to the Prime Minister, made his first speech, upon which he was congratulated by Pitt, who said, "It was seasonable, reasonable, and eloquent." Through it he first sprang into fame, but when some one expressed surprise at this sudden elevation, Dr. Johnson, who knew Burke and of course had read "The Vindication of Natural Society" and "On the Sublime and Beautiful," exclaimed, "Sir, there is no wonder at all. We, who know Mr. Burke, know that he will be one of the first men in the country."
[21]In this debate Edmund Burke, who was at the time Secretary to the Prime Minister, made his first speech, upon which he was congratulated by Pitt, who said, "It was seasonable, reasonable, and eloquent." Through it he first sprang into fame, but when some one expressed surprise at this sudden elevation, Dr. Johnson, who knew Burke and of course had read "The Vindication of Natural Society" and "On the Sublime and Beautiful," exclaimed, "Sir, there is no wonder at all. We, who know Mr. Burke, know that he will be one of the first men in the country."
[22]Essay on William Pitt, Earl of Chatham.
[22]Essay on William Pitt, Earl of Chatham.
[23]"The events of yesterday in the House of Commons have shown the amazing power and influence which Mr. Pitt has whenever he takes part in debate."—Lord Rockingham to the King.
[23]"The events of yesterday in the House of Commons have shown the amazing power and influence which Mr. Pitt has whenever he takes part in debate."—Lord Rockingham to the King.
[24]Life of Lord Camden.
[24]Life of Lord Camden.
[25]Chatham Correspondence."My position is this. I repeat it. I will maintain it to my latest hour. Taxation and representation are inseparable. This position is founded on the laws of nature. It is more. It is an eternal law of nature; for whatever is a man's own is absolutely his own. No man has a right to take it from him without his consent, either expressed by himself or his representatives. Whoever attempts to do so attempts an injury. Whoever does it commits a robbery. He throws down and destroys the distinction between liberty and slavery."—Lord Camden in the House of Lords, February 24, 1766.
[25]Chatham Correspondence.
"My position is this. I repeat it. I will maintain it to my latest hour. Taxation and representation are inseparable. This position is founded on the laws of nature. It is more. It is an eternal law of nature; for whatever is a man's own is absolutely his own. No man has a right to take it from him without his consent, either expressed by himself or his representatives. Whoever attempts to do so attempts an injury. Whoever does it commits a robbery. He throws down and destroys the distinction between liberty and slavery."—Lord Camden in the House of Lords, February 24, 1766.
[26]Grenville Papers.
[26]Grenville Papers.
[27]"Lord Northumberland's son, Lord Warkworth, having married Lord Bute's daughter, was admitted to the King's private junto, which met daily at this time at Mr. Stow's. It consisted of Lord Bute, Lord Northumberland, Lord Mansfield, Sir Fletcher Norton, Mr. Stow, and Mr. Stow's brother, the Primate of Ireland."—Rockingham Memoirs, 1765.
[27]"Lord Northumberland's son, Lord Warkworth, having married Lord Bute's daughter, was admitted to the King's private junto, which met daily at this time at Mr. Stow's. It consisted of Lord Bute, Lord Northumberland, Lord Mansfield, Sir Fletcher Norton, Mr. Stow, and Mr. Stow's brother, the Primate of Ireland."—Rockingham Memoirs, 1765.
[28]Seesupra, vol. ii, pp. 41-2.
[28]Seesupra, vol. ii, pp. 41-2.
[29]Memoirs of George III.
[29]Memoirs of George III.
[30]For a full investigation of this question, see Jesse:Memoirs of George III. (Second edition, 1867; vol. I, p. 360et supra.)
[30]For a full investigation of this question, see Jesse:Memoirs of George III. (Second edition, 1867; vol. I, p. 360et supra.)
[31]Last Journals.
[31]Last Journals.
[32]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.
[32]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.
[33]George III, his Court and Family.
[33]George III, his Court and Family.
[34]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[34]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[35]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[35]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[36]"I don't pretend to be like Henry Conway, who walks up to the mouth of a cannon with as much coolness and grace as if he was going to dance a minuet."—George Stanhope.
[36]"I don't pretend to be like Henry Conway, who walks up to the mouth of a cannon with as much coolness and grace as if he was going to dance a minuet."—George Stanhope.
[37]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[37]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[38]Chatham Correspondence.
[38]Chatham Correspondence.
[39]Dr. Hunt believes that the "over-ruling influence" Pitt thought he detected was that of the Duke of Newcastle.
[39]Dr. Hunt believes that the "over-ruling influence" Pitt thought he detected was that of the Duke of Newcastle.
[40]Recollections and Reflections.
[40]Recollections and Reflections.
[41]Lord Hardwicke:Memorial.
[41]Lord Hardwicke:Memorial.
[42]"Lord Rockingham afterwards declared that he had never enjoyed such distinguished marks of the royal kindness as during a period when the influence of Great Britain was paralysed; every foreign capital had the knowledge that the existing Prime Minister would not remain in office ten minutes after a successor could be found for him."—Trevelyan:Early Life of Fox.
[42]"Lord Rockingham afterwards declared that he had never enjoyed such distinguished marks of the royal kindness as during a period when the influence of Great Britain was paralysed; every foreign capital had the knowledge that the existing Prime Minister would not remain in office ten minutes after a successor could be found for him."—Trevelyan:Early Life of Fox.
[43]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[43]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[44]Ibid.
[44]Ibid.
[45]Bedford Correspondence.
[45]Bedford Correspondence.
[46]Basil Fielding, sixth Earl of Denbigh.
[46]Basil Fielding, sixth Earl of Denbigh.
[47]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[47]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[48]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[48]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[49]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[49]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[50]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[50]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[51]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[51]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[52]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[52]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[53]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham; Walpole:Memoirs of George III; etc. "The King complained that Lord Rockingham had taxed him with breach of his word."—Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[53]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham; Walpole:Memoirs of George III; etc. "The King complained that Lord Rockingham had taxed him with breach of his word."—Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[54]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[54]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[55]Memoirs of George III.
[55]Memoirs of George III.
[56]A Short Account of a late Short Administration.
[56]A Short Account of a late Short Administration.
[57]Chatham Correspondence.
[57]Chatham Correspondence.
[58]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[58]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[59]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[59]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[60]Ibid.
[60]Ibid.
[61]Memoirs of the Reign of George III.
[61]Memoirs of the Reign of George III.
[62]Thackeray:Life of Chatham.
[62]Thackeray:Life of Chatham.
[63]"Lord Chatham found it necessary to gain new friends, and enfeeble his opponents; but his endeavours failed. The harsh manner in which he dismissed Lord Edgcumbe from the appointment of Treasurer of the Household, with a view to gratify the Duke of Newcastle by bestowing it on Sir John Shelley, the Duke's near relation, disgusted many respectable members of Administration. The Duke of Portland, the Earls of Bessborough and Scarborough, and Lord Monson, withdrew their support; and Sir Charles Saunders, Sir William Meredith and Admiral Keppel, resigned their places at the Board of Admiralty."—Adolphus:History of England, November, 1766.Overtures were made to the "Bloomsbury Gang," but without any real effectual result, for, though one or two of the minor members joined the Government, the Duke of Bedford held aloof.
[63]"Lord Chatham found it necessary to gain new friends, and enfeeble his opponents; but his endeavours failed. The harsh manner in which he dismissed Lord Edgcumbe from the appointment of Treasurer of the Household, with a view to gratify the Duke of Newcastle by bestowing it on Sir John Shelley, the Duke's near relation, disgusted many respectable members of Administration. The Duke of Portland, the Earls of Bessborough and Scarborough, and Lord Monson, withdrew their support; and Sir Charles Saunders, Sir William Meredith and Admiral Keppel, resigned their places at the Board of Admiralty."—Adolphus:History of England, November, 1766.
Overtures were made to the "Bloomsbury Gang," but without any real effectual result, for, though one or two of the minor members joined the Government, the Duke of Bedford held aloof.
[64]Trevelyan:The Early Life of C. J. Fox.
[64]Trevelyan:The Early Life of C. J. Fox.
[65]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.
[65]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.
[66]Afterwards fourth Duke of Queensbury.
[66]Afterwards fourth Duke of Queensbury.
[67]Alexander Montgomerie, tenth Earl of Eglington.
[67]Alexander Montgomerie, tenth Earl of Eglington.
[68]In the farce of "Padlock," Don Lorenzo asks his black servant Mungo, "Can you be honest?" to which Mungo replies, "What you give me, Massa?" Barré, who was present, promptly nicknamed Jeremiah Dyson "Mungo," and by this designation he was henceforth known.
[68]In the farce of "Padlock," Don Lorenzo asks his black servant Mungo, "Can you be honest?" to which Mungo replies, "What you give me, Massa?" Barré, who was present, promptly nicknamed Jeremiah Dyson "Mungo," and by this designation he was henceforth known.
[69]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[69]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[70]Burns:A Dream.
[70]Burns:A Dream.
[71]Chatham Correspondence.
[71]Chatham Correspondence.
[72]Mary Berry:Journals.
[72]Mary Berry:Journals.
[73]Chatham Correspondence.
[73]Chatham Correspondence.
[74]Chatham Correspondence.
[74]Chatham Correspondence.
[75]Memoirs of George III.
[75]Memoirs of George III.
[76]Phillimore:Life of Lyttelton.
[76]Phillimore:Life of Lyttelton.
[77]Chatham Correspondence.
[77]Chatham Correspondence.
[78]"I think I have a right toinsiston your remaining in my service; for I with pleasure look forward to the time of your recovery, when I may have your assistance in resisting the torrent of factions this country so much labours under."—George III to Lord Chatham.
[78]"I think I have a right toinsiston your remaining in my service; for I with pleasure look forward to the time of your recovery, when I may have your assistance in resisting the torrent of factions this country so much labours under."—George III to Lord Chatham.
[79]Memoirs of George III.
[79]Memoirs of George III.
[80]Nancy Parsons subsequently married Lord Maynard, an event duly chronicled by an anonymous pamphleteer in "A Letter to a Celebrated Young Nobleman on His Late Nuptials," 1777. "I will not on this occasion pay your Lordship so bad a compliment as to enumerate Lady Maynard's charms; all the world knows them as well as yourself; her virtues you alone are acquainted with."
[80]Nancy Parsons subsequently married Lord Maynard, an event duly chronicled by an anonymous pamphleteer in "A Letter to a Celebrated Young Nobleman on His Late Nuptials," 1777. "I will not on this occasion pay your Lordship so bad a compliment as to enumerate Lady Maynard's charms; all the world knows them as well as yourself; her virtues you alone are acquainted with."
[81]His first wife having divorced him, he married a daughter of the Rev. Richard Wriothesley.
[81]His first wife having divorced him, he married a daughter of the Rev. Richard Wriothesley.
[82]Nicholls:Recollections, Personal and Political.
[82]Nicholls:Recollections, Personal and Political.
[83]"The account of the Cabinet Council being put off—first for a match at Newmarket, and secondly because the Duke of Grafton had company in his house—exhibits a lively picture of the present administration."—George Grenville to Whately, October 20, 1767.
[83]"The account of the Cabinet Council being put off—first for a match at Newmarket, and secondly because the Duke of Grafton had company in his house—exhibits a lively picture of the present administration."—George Grenville to Whately, October 20, 1767.
[84]Letter signed "Philo-Junius," June 22, 1769.
[84]Letter signed "Philo-Junius," June 22, 1769.
[85]"At length the clouds which had gathered over his mind broke and passed away. His gout returned, and freed him from a more cruel malady. His nerves were newly braced. His spirits became buoyant. He woke as from a sickly dream. It was a strange recovery. Men had been in the habit of talking of him as of one dead, and, when he first showed himself at the King'slevée, started as if they had seen a ghost. It was more than two years and a half since he had appeared in public."—Macaulay:The Earl of Chatham.
[85]"At length the clouds which had gathered over his mind broke and passed away. His gout returned, and freed him from a more cruel malady. His nerves were newly braced. His spirits became buoyant. He woke as from a sickly dream. It was a strange recovery. Men had been in the habit of talking of him as of one dead, and, when he first showed himself at the King'slevée, started as if they had seen a ghost. It was more than two years and a half since he had appeared in public."—Macaulay:The Earl of Chatham.
[86]Seeantevol. I, pp. 266-7.
[86]Seeantevol. I, pp. 266-7.
[87]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.
[87]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.
[88]"We have independent mobs that have nothing to do with Wilkes, and who only take advantage of so favourable a season. The dearness of provisions incites—the hope of increase of wages allures—and drink puts them in motion. The coal-heavers began; and it is well it is not a hard frost, for they have stopped all coals coming to town. The sawyers rose, too, and at last the sailors, who have committed great outrages in merchant-ships and prevented their sailing."—Horace Walpole, May, 1768.
[88]"We have independent mobs that have nothing to do with Wilkes, and who only take advantage of so favourable a season. The dearness of provisions incites—the hope of increase of wages allures—and drink puts them in motion. The coal-heavers began; and it is well it is not a hard frost, for they have stopped all coals coming to town. The sawyers rose, too, and at last the sailors, who have committed great outrages in merchant-ships and prevented their sailing."—Horace Walpole, May, 1768.
[89]Lord Camden was a poor man, and would have been much inconvenienced by his dismissal, had not Chatham earlier secured to him a pension of £1,500.
[89]Lord Camden was a poor man, and would have been much inconvenienced by his dismissal, had not Chatham earlier secured to him a pension of £1,500.
[90]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[90]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[91]Trevelyan:Early Life of C. J. Fox.
[91]Trevelyan:Early Life of C. J. Fox.
[92]Frederick, Lord North (1732-1792), succeeded his father as second Earl of Guilford in 1790. He is, however, better known as Lord North.
[92]Frederick, Lord North (1732-1792), succeeded his father as second Earl of Guilford in 1790. He is, however, better known as Lord North.
[93]"As Lord Bute gradually retired into the shade of private life, and became insensibly forgotten, Mr. Jenkinson proportionately came forward in his own person, and on his own proper merits. Throughout the whole period of Lord North's administration from 1770 down to 1782, his intercourse with the King, and even his influence over the royal mind, were assumed to be constant, progressive, commensurate with, and sometimes paramount to, or subversive of, the measures proposed by the First Minister. However difficult of proof such assertions were, and however contrary, as I believe, they were to truth or fact, they did not operate the less forcibly on the bulk of the nation, and were not less eagerly credited by men of all parties. No denials on the part of persons in power could erase the impression, which newspapers and pamphlets industriously circulated throughout the kingdom."—Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.
[93]"As Lord Bute gradually retired into the shade of private life, and became insensibly forgotten, Mr. Jenkinson proportionately came forward in his own person, and on his own proper merits. Throughout the whole period of Lord North's administration from 1770 down to 1782, his intercourse with the King, and even his influence over the royal mind, were assumed to be constant, progressive, commensurate with, and sometimes paramount to, or subversive of, the measures proposed by the First Minister. However difficult of proof such assertions were, and however contrary, as I believe, they were to truth or fact, they did not operate the less forcibly on the bulk of the nation, and were not less eagerly credited by men of all parties. No denials on the part of persons in power could erase the impression, which newspapers and pamphlets industriously circulated throughout the kingdom."—Wraxall: Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.
[94]Memoirs of George III.
[94]Memoirs of George III.
[95]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[95]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[96]Letter to a Noble Lord.
[96]Letter to a Noble Lord.
[97]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.
[97]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.
[98]Ibid.
[98]Ibid.
[99]Thackeray:The Four Georges.
[99]Thackeray:The Four Georges.
[100]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.
[100]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.
[101]On February 15, 1802, Addington delivered a message to the Commons from the King. "His Majesty feels great concern in acquainting the House of Commons that the provision made by Parliament for defraying the expenses of his household, and civil government, has been found inadequate to their support. A considerable debt has, in consequence, been unavoidably incurred, an account of which he has ordered to be laid before this House. His Majesty relies with confidence on the zeal and affection of his faithful Commons, that they will take the same into their early consideration, and adopt such measures as the circumstances may appear to them to require." The amount required was in round figures £1,000,000, and the reasons alleged for the deficit were the dearness of provisions, the expenses caused by the younger princes and princesses who were growing up, the marriage of the Prince of Wales, and the support of Princess Charlotte of Wales.
[101]On February 15, 1802, Addington delivered a message to the Commons from the King. "His Majesty feels great concern in acquainting the House of Commons that the provision made by Parliament for defraying the expenses of his household, and civil government, has been found inadequate to their support. A considerable debt has, in consequence, been unavoidably incurred, an account of which he has ordered to be laid before this House. His Majesty relies with confidence on the zeal and affection of his faithful Commons, that they will take the same into their early consideration, and adopt such measures as the circumstances may appear to them to require." The amount required was in round figures £1,000,000, and the reasons alleged for the deficit were the dearness of provisions, the expenses caused by the younger princes and princesses who were growing up, the marriage of the Prince of Wales, and the support of Princess Charlotte of Wales.
[102]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.
[102]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.
[103]Ibid.
[103]Ibid.
[104]Ibid.
[104]Ibid.
[105]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.
[105]Correspondence of George III with Lord North.
[106]Ibid.
[106]Ibid.
[107]Memoirs of Lord Waldegrave.
[107]Memoirs of Lord Waldegrave.
[108]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[108]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[109]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.
[109]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times.
[110]Memoirs of George III.
[110]Memoirs of George III.
[111]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.
[111]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.
[112]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.
[112]Historical Sketches of Statesmen.
[113]Ibid.
[113]Ibid.
[114]Byron:The Vision of Judgment.
[114]Byron:The Vision of Judgment.
[115]Byron:The Vision of Judgment.
[115]Byron:The Vision of Judgment.
[116]Ibid.
[116]Ibid.
[117]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[117]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[118]Harry Powlett, sixth Duke of Bolton—the "Captain Whiffle" ofRoderick Random.
[118]Harry Powlett, sixth Duke of Bolton—the "Captain Whiffle" ofRoderick Random.
[119]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[119]Albemarle:Memoirs of Rockingham.
[120]Lady Sarah Lennox:Life and Letters.
[120]Lady Sarah Lennox:Life and Letters.
[121]Lady Sarah Lennox:Life and Letters.
[121]Lady Sarah Lennox:Life and Letters.
[122]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[122]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[123]Ibid.
[123]Ibid.
[124]Charlotte, Countess of Essex.
[124]Charlotte, Countess of Essex.
[125]Wife of Charles, third Duke of Richmond.
[125]Wife of Charles, third Duke of Richmond.
[126]Wife of Sir William Stanhope.
[126]Wife of Sir William Stanhope.
[127]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times."Her husband, the Earl of Tyrconnel, might be said to contribute about this time more than any nobleman about the court to the recreation of the reigning family, for, while his wife formed the object of the homage of one prince of the blood, his sister, had long presided in the affections of another. Lady Almeria Carpenter, one of the most beautiful women of her time, but to whom Nature had been sparing of intellectual gifts, was the person that attracted the Duke of Gloucester, who soon forgot all he had gone through for his wife."
[127]Historical Memoirs of My Own Times."Her husband, the Earl of Tyrconnel, might be said to contribute about this time more than any nobleman about the court to the recreation of the reigning family, for, while his wife formed the object of the homage of one prince of the blood, his sister, had long presided in the affections of another. Lady Almeria Carpenter, one of the most beautiful women of her time, but to whom Nature had been sparing of intellectual gifts, was the person that attracted the Duke of Gloucester, who soon forgot all he had gone through for his wife."
[128]Letters of Lady Jane Coke.
[128]Letters of Lady Jane Coke.
[129]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[129]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[130]Early Life of C. J. Fox.
[130]Early Life of C. J. Fox.
[131]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[131]Walpole:Memoirs of George III.
[132]"The Duke of Gloucester has professed a passion for the Dowager Waldegrave. He is never from her elbow. This flatters Harry Walpole not a little, though he pretends to dislike it."—Gilly Williams to George Selwyn, December, 1764.
[132]"The Duke of Gloucester has professed a passion for the Dowager Waldegrave. He is never from her elbow. This flatters Harry Walpole not a little, though he pretends to dislike it."—Gilly Williams to George Selwyn, December, 1764.
[133]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.
[133]Life and Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox.
[134]For years there was a rumour that the Duke of Cumberland had married Olive Wilmot in 1767, and Miss Wilmot's daughter (afterwards Mrs. Serres) called herself Princess Olive of Cumberland. An attempt to prove the authenticity of the alleged marriage was brought before the courts in 1866 by Mrs. Ryves, a daughter of "Princess Olive," but the documents shown in support of the claim were proved to be spurious, and it was dismissed. However, according to Mr. Percy Fitzgerald, the Duke of Kent thought there was "something" in Mrs. Serres's story, "and tried to get some attention paid to her claims. Not having any money of his own, he was said to have asked Robert Owen to make her some advances, whilst he guaranteed." (The Family of George III.) A probable solution is that Olive Wilmot was the Duke s mistress.
[134]For years there was a rumour that the Duke of Cumberland had married Olive Wilmot in 1767, and Miss Wilmot's daughter (afterwards Mrs. Serres) called herself Princess Olive of Cumberland. An attempt to prove the authenticity of the alleged marriage was brought before the courts in 1866 by Mrs. Ryves, a daughter of "Princess Olive," but the documents shown in support of the claim were proved to be spurious, and it was dismissed. However, according to Mr. Percy Fitzgerald, the Duke of Kent thought there was "something" in Mrs. Serres's story, "and tried to get some attention paid to her claims. Not having any money of his own, he was said to have asked Robert Owen to make her some advances, whilst he guaranteed." (The Family of George III.) A probable solution is that Olive Wilmot was the Duke s mistress.
[135]Lady Anne Luttrell, daughter of Simon, Earl of Carhampton, and wife of Christopher Horton, of Catton Hall, Derby.An amusing story is toldà proposof Lord Carhampton and the Prince Regent. The Earl was seriously ill in 1812, and the rumour came to Carlton House that he was dead, whereupon the Prince, without waiting to authenticate the news, immediately gave away the colonelcy of the regiment of carabineers which Lord Carhampton held. The report reached the sick man, who instantly sent a friend to Pall Mall to tell his Royal Highness that he hoped to recover, and therefore begged him to dispose of any other regiment in the service except the carabineers. His Royal Highness might rest assured, the Earl added, that he would give special directions to his attendants not to lose a moment, after it was ascertained that he wasreally dead, in conveying the news to Carlton House.
[135]Lady Anne Luttrell, daughter of Simon, Earl of Carhampton, and wife of Christopher Horton, of Catton Hall, Derby.
An amusing story is toldà proposof Lord Carhampton and the Prince Regent. The Earl was seriously ill in 1812, and the rumour came to Carlton House that he was dead, whereupon the Prince, without waiting to authenticate the news, immediately gave away the colonelcy of the regiment of carabineers which Lord Carhampton held. The report reached the sick man, who instantly sent a friend to Pall Mall to tell his Royal Highness that he hoped to recover, and therefore begged him to dispose of any other regiment in the service except the carabineers. His Royal Highness might rest assured, the Earl added, that he would give special directions to his attendants not to lose a moment, after it was ascertained that he wasreally dead, in conveying the news to Carlton House.