1The number of passages to America already published might, in the opinion of some, be a reason for suppressing this; it is hoped however, that it will not be found altogether useless or uninteresting.—Welby.
1The number of passages to America already published might, in the opinion of some, be a reason for suppressing this; it is hoped however, that it will not be found altogether useless or uninteresting.—Welby.
2The Ship had grounded upon the Margate Sands; always dangerous, owing to their constantly shifting with the tide: just before our own misfortune, we had seen an homeward-bound East Indiaman aground and lightening her cargo into small craft.—Welby.
2The Ship had grounded upon the Margate Sands; always dangerous, owing to their constantly shifting with the tide: just before our own misfortune, we had seen an homeward-bound East Indiaman aground and lightening her cargo into small craft.—Welby.
3Cobbingis a punishment inflicted by tying the culprit to the windlass, when each man in turn gives him two or three blows with the flat side of the carpenter's saw.—Welby.
3Cobbingis a punishment inflicted by tying the culprit to the windlass, when each man in turn gives him two or three blows with the flat side of the carpenter's saw.—Welby.
4Let me here caution any passenger against offering money to a custom-house officer on this side the water; they are well paid, and do not take money, as in other countries, to betray the interests of the government, that they may live.—Welby.
4Let me here caution any passenger against offering money to a custom-house officer on this side the water; they are well paid, and do not take money, as in other countries, to betray the interests of the government, that they may live.—Welby.
5The charge here, at any one of the City taverns, for cleaning a pair of boots, is a quarter dollar (13½ d. of our money).—Welby.
5The charge here, at any one of the City taverns, for cleaning a pair of boots, is a quarter dollar (13½ d. of our money).—Welby.
6Mr. Fearon's.—Welby.For a brief note on Fearon, see Flint'sLetters, volume ix of our series, note 119.—Ed.
6Mr. Fearon's.—Welby.
For a brief note on Fearon, see Flint'sLetters, volume ix of our series, note 119.—Ed.
7I have since seen beggars.—Welby.
7I have since seen beggars.—Welby.
8An account of Joseph Bonaparte's career in America will be found in volume xi of our series, note 36.—Ed.
8An account of Joseph Bonaparte's career in America will be found in volume xi of our series, note 36.—Ed.
9It was burned down, it is supposed by incendiaries, the following winter, and many valuable pictures and much furniture and papers lost.—Welby.
9It was burned down, it is supposed by incendiaries, the following winter, and many valuable pictures and much furniture and papers lost.—Welby.
10Franklin did not present a library to Philadelphia, but he is properly regarded as the founder of the Philadelphia Library, which he called "themotherof all the North American subscription libraries." Conceiving the idea of establishing such an institution, he drew up a plan (1731), and solicited subscriptions among his friends. By March following, twenty-five persons had paid their subscription of forty shillings each, and an order was sent to England for books. Franklin continued to take an active interest in the enterprise, aiding in selecting books, and from time to time donating volumes. The Philadelphia Library now occupies two large buildings, and contains over 190,000 volumes.—Ed.
10Franklin did not present a library to Philadelphia, but he is properly regarded as the founder of the Philadelphia Library, which he called "themotherof all the North American subscription libraries." Conceiving the idea of establishing such an institution, he drew up a plan (1731), and solicited subscriptions among his friends. By March following, twenty-five persons had paid their subscription of forty shillings each, and an order was sent to England for books. Franklin continued to take an active interest in the enterprise, aiding in selecting books, and from time to time donating volumes. The Philadelphia Library now occupies two large buildings, and contains over 190,000 volumes.—Ed.
11In his will Franklin left £2,000 (still due him for his salary as president of Pennsylvania) for the improvement of the Schuylkill River. Learning that that work of improvement was likely to be delayed, he made a codicil revoking the bequest to the Schuylkill improvement, and devoting it to a scheme of continuous benevolence—£1,000 each were given to Boston and to Philadelphia; under the direction of a certain board of selectmen, small sums (not exceeding £60), were to be loaned to young married artificers at five per cent interest. He estimated that in a hundred years the principal would be vastly increased, and the greater part was then to be devoted to public works. However, many borrowers were unable to repay, and their security proving worthless, the sum at the end of the first century was far below Franklin's expectation.—Ed.
11In his will Franklin left £2,000 (still due him for his salary as president of Pennsylvania) for the improvement of the Schuylkill River. Learning that that work of improvement was likely to be delayed, he made a codicil revoking the bequest to the Schuylkill improvement, and devoting it to a scheme of continuous benevolence—£1,000 each were given to Boston and to Philadelphia; under the direction of a certain board of selectmen, small sums (not exceeding £60), were to be loaned to young married artificers at five per cent interest. He estimated that in a hundred years the principal would be vastly increased, and the greater part was then to be devoted to public works. However, many borrowers were unable to repay, and their security proving worthless, the sum at the end of the first century was far below Franklin's expectation.—Ed.
12The cent is about the value of one half-penny; one hundred is four shillings and sixpence sterling.—Welby.
12The cent is about the value of one half-penny; one hundred is four shillings and sixpence sterling.—Welby.
13The traveller's route westward was by way of the Lancaster Turnpike and the Pennsylvania Road, through Bedford and Greensburg to Pittsburg. For this route, see Harris'sJournal, volume iii of our series, note 3.—Ed.
13The traveller's route westward was by way of the Lancaster Turnpike and the Pennsylvania Road, through Bedford and Greensburg to Pittsburg. For this route, see Harris'sJournal, volume iii of our series, note 3.—Ed.
14Cove Mountain forms the western boundary of Franklin County. The road crosses it about fifteen miles west of Chambersburg. Scrub Ridge lies parallel to Cove Mountain, a few miles to the west.—Ed.
14Cove Mountain forms the western boundary of Franklin County. The road crosses it about fifteen miles west of Chambersburg. Scrub Ridge lies parallel to Cove Mountain, a few miles to the west.—Ed.
15For Bloody Run, see Cuming'sTour, in our volume iv, note 18. It is now Everett, Bedford County. The battle was not with the natives, but between a band of enraged frontiersmen and a party of Indian traders who were illegally supplying the savages with firearms.—Ed.
15For Bloody Run, see Cuming'sTour, in our volume iv, note 18. It is now Everett, Bedford County. The battle was not with the natives, but between a band of enraged frontiersmen and a party of Indian traders who were illegally supplying the savages with firearms.—Ed.
16For the early history of Greensburg and Pittsburg, see volume iii of our series: F. A. Michaux'sTravels, note 16; A. Michaux'sTravels, note 11.—Ed.
16For the early history of Greensburg and Pittsburg, see volume iii of our series: F. A. Michaux'sTravels, note 16; A. Michaux'sTravels, note 11.—Ed.
17A brief account of the founding of Washington and Canonsburg (Jefferson) College may be found in Harris'sJournal, volume iii of our series, note 31.—Ed.
17A brief account of the founding of Washington and Canonsburg (Jefferson) College may be found in Harris'sJournal, volume iii of our series, note 31.—Ed.
18In 1816 and the years immediately following occurred what is locally known as the "college war." Reverend Matthew Brown, pastor of the first Presbyterian church at Washington, who had been president of Washington College since its incorporation (1806), was asked to resign, and Reverend Andrew Wylie was called from the presidency of Canonsburg College to succeed him. Much bitter feeling was aroused, to the great injury of both institutions.—Ed.
18In 1816 and the years immediately following occurred what is locally known as the "college war." Reverend Matthew Brown, pastor of the first Presbyterian church at Washington, who had been president of Washington College since its incorporation (1806), was asked to resign, and Reverend Andrew Wylie was called from the presidency of Canonsburg College to succeed him. Much bitter feeling was aroused, to the great injury of both institutions.—Ed.
19For the early history of the National Road, see Harris'sJournal, note 45; and for its extension beyond Wheeling, see Woods'sEnglish Prairie, in volume x of our series, note 76.—Ed.
19For the early history of the National Road, see Harris'sJournal, note 45; and for its extension beyond Wheeling, see Woods'sEnglish Prairie, in volume x of our series, note 76.—Ed.
20I have often been called upon to pay a dollar for passing over a bridge.—Welby.
20I have often been called upon to pay a dollar for passing over a bridge.—Welby.
21The Lancasterian Academy was founded at Wheeling by the bequest of Noah Linsly, formerly a tutor at Williams College. It received its charter in 1814, and is said to have been the first chartered school in a slave state granting free education to the poor. The name was derived from the Lancasterian system of education, founded by Joseph Lancaster. See our volume xi. The institution is now called Linsly Institute.—Ed.
21The Lancasterian Academy was founded at Wheeling by the bequest of Noah Linsly, formerly a tutor at Williams College. It received its charter in 1814, and is said to have been the first chartered school in a slave state granting free education to the poor. The name was derived from the Lancasterian system of education, founded by Joseph Lancaster. See our volume xi. The institution is now called Linsly Institute.—Ed.
22Mr. Fearon says the state of Ohio is one continued level, he must mean that part of it about Cincinnati; the chief part of the state is exceedingly hilly.—Welby.Comment by Ed.Ohio is hilly only in the southeastern portion, the part traversed by Welby. He travelled along the State Road, which followed the old Zane's Trace through St. Clairsville, Zanesville, and Chillicothe to Maysville, Kentucky.
22Mr. Fearon says the state of Ohio is one continued level, he must mean that part of it about Cincinnati; the chief part of the state is exceedingly hilly.—Welby.
Comment by Ed.Ohio is hilly only in the southeastern portion, the part traversed by Welby. He travelled along the State Road, which followed the old Zane's Trace through St. Clairsville, Zanesville, and Chillicothe to Maysville, Kentucky.
23The Dunkards, or German Baptists, began to come to America about 1719, joining with the Mennonites in Germantown, Pennsylvania. In general, their belief was like that of the Quakers, save that they observed the ordinances of baptism and the Lord's Supper. A sect separated from the main body, and established a monastery at Ephrata, Lancaster County. A considerable number emigrated into western Pennsylvania and the Shenandoah Valley.—Ed.
23The Dunkards, or German Baptists, began to come to America about 1719, joining with the Mennonites in Germantown, Pennsylvania. In general, their belief was like that of the Quakers, save that they observed the ordinances of baptism and the Lord's Supper. A sect separated from the main body, and established a monastery at Ephrata, Lancaster County. A considerable number emigrated into western Pennsylvania and the Shenandoah Valley.—Ed.
24For the early history of Chillicothe, see F. A. Michaux'sTravels, volume iii of our series, note 35.—Ed.
24For the early history of Chillicothe, see F. A. Michaux'sTravels, volume iii of our series, note 35.—Ed.
25For a sketch of the founding of West Union, see Hulme'sJournal, volume x of our series, note 39. Concerning Bainbridge, consult Faux'sJournal, ante, note 109.—Ed.
25For a sketch of the founding of West Union, see Hulme'sJournal, volume x of our series, note 39. Concerning Bainbridge, consult Faux'sJournal, ante, note 109.—Ed.
26This was probably the common poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron).—Ed.
26This was probably the common poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron).—Ed.
27From another party which passed, I learned that the well-known Colonel Boon is still alive in the Missourie country; though the journals lately gave a circumstantial account of his death.—Welby.Comment by Ed.Boone died September 26, 1820.
27From another party which passed, I learned that the well-known Colonel Boon is still alive in the Missourie country; though the journals lately gave a circumstantial account of his death.—Welby.
Comment by Ed.Boone died September 26, 1820.
28This was the last important Indian cession in Ohio. September 29, 1817, the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawnee, Potawatomi, Ottawa, and Chippewa ceded a large tract bounded on the east by the previous treaty line—namely, a line drawn south from a point a few miles east of the head of Sandusky Bay, and on the south by the old Greenville treaty line (see Evans'sTour, in our volume viii, note 51), and the St. Mary's River.—Ed.
28This was the last important Indian cession in Ohio. September 29, 1817, the Wyandot, Seneca, Delaware, Shawnee, Potawatomi, Ottawa, and Chippewa ceded a large tract bounded on the east by the previous treaty line—namely, a line drawn south from a point a few miles east of the head of Sandusky Bay, and on the south by the old Greenville treaty line (see Evans'sTour, in our volume viii, note 51), and the St. Mary's River.—Ed.
29For the early history of Blue Licks, see Cuming'sTour, in our volume iv, note 117.—Ed.
29For the early history of Blue Licks, see Cuming'sTour, in our volume iv, note 117.—Ed.
30For a brief account of Lexington, see A. Michaux'sTravels, volume iii of our series, note 28.—Ed.
30For a brief account of Lexington, see A. Michaux'sTravels, volume iii of our series, note 28.—Ed.
31An account of the early history of Transylvania University has been given in our volume iv, note 126.—Ed.
31An account of the early history of Transylvania University has been given in our volume iv, note 126.—Ed.
32There are two good family taverns however, one the Indian Queen; of the other I forget the sign.—Welby.
32There are two good family taverns however, one the Indian Queen; of the other I forget the sign.—Welby.
33For a brief note on Frankfort, see F. A. Michaux'sTravels, volume iii of our series, note 39.This was probably Colonel Richard Taylor, father of General Zachary Taylor. He was born in Virginia in 1744, and served throughout the Revolutionary War. Removing to the Falls of the Ohio (1781), he was a member of the conventions which formed the first and second constitutions of Kentucky, and was often a member of its legislature. He died in 1826.—Ed.
33For a brief note on Frankfort, see F. A. Michaux'sTravels, volume iii of our series, note 39.
This was probably Colonel Richard Taylor, father of General Zachary Taylor. He was born in Virginia in 1744, and served throughout the Revolutionary War. Removing to the Falls of the Ohio (1781), he was a member of the conventions which formed the first and second constitutions of Kentucky, and was often a member of its legislature. He died in 1826.—Ed.
34For information concerning the early history of Louisville, consult Croghan'sJournals, volume i of our series, note 106.—Ed.
34For information concerning the early history of Louisville, consult Croghan'sJournals, volume i of our series, note 106.—Ed.
35For the information of future travellers, Allen's quiet part of the hotel is down the street turning the corner of his house.—Welby.
35For the information of future travellers, Allen's quiet part of the hotel is down the street turning the corner of his house.—Welby.
36A brief account of New Albany may be found in Hulme'sJournal, volume x of our series, note 15.—Ed.
36A brief account of New Albany may be found in Hulme'sJournal, volume x of our series, note 15.—Ed.
37Paoli, about forty miles northwest of New Albany, is the seat of Orange County; it was laid out in 1816 by a territorial commission, and the first frame building erected in that year. Hindostan has passed out of existence; see Faux'sJournal, volume xi of our series, note 68. Washington proved to be the most advantageously located. Seeibid., note 69.—Ed.
37Paoli, about forty miles northwest of New Albany, is the seat of Orange County; it was laid out in 1816 by a territorial commission, and the first frame building erected in that year. Hindostan has passed out of existence; see Faux'sJournal, volume xi of our series, note 68. Washington proved to be the most advantageously located. Seeibid., note 69.—Ed.
38Vincennes is not as old as Philadelphia, having been founded in 1727. Consult Croghan'sJournals, volume i of our series, note 113.—Ed.
38Vincennes is not as old as Philadelphia, having been founded in 1727. Consult Croghan'sJournals, volume i of our series, note 113.—Ed.
39Upon resigning his commission in the army (1814), General Harrison settled upon a farm at North Bend, Ohio.—Ed.
39Upon resigning his commission in the army (1814), General Harrison settled upon a farm at North Bend, Ohio.—Ed.
39*Mr. Birkbeck's letters from the Illinois.—Welby.
39*Mr. Birkbeck's letters from the Illinois.—Welby.
40Hulme'sJournalhas been reprinted in volume x of our series.—Ed.
40Hulme'sJournalhas been reprinted in volume x of our series.—Ed.
41The reader may suppose that corn might be grown at the English Prairie as cheap as at Harmony;whyit cannot will clearly appear in the account of this Colony.—Welby.
41The reader may suppose that corn might be grown at the English Prairie as cheap as at Harmony;whyit cannot will clearly appear in the account of this Colony.—Welby.
42For the location of Bonpas Creek, see Flower'sLetters, in our volume x, note 2; Shawneetown, Croghan'sJournals, in our volume i, note 108.—Ed.
42For the location of Bonpas Creek, see Flower'sLetters, in our volume x, note 2; Shawneetown, Croghan'sJournals, in our volume i, note 108.—Ed.
43A relation of Mr. Flower's shot a bear during my stay.—Welby.
43A relation of Mr. Flower's shot a bear during my stay.—Welby.
44A brief account of the early settlement of Princeton may be found in Hulme'sJournal, volume x of our series, note 17.—Ed.
44A brief account of the early settlement of Princeton may be found in Hulme'sJournal, volume x of our series, note 17.—Ed.
45On returning to Philadelphia, and stating how I had disposed of the baggage I was greeted with grins and smiles; one said he would not give fifty dollars for my chance, another offered ten, and in short I found that nosmart fellowthought of trusting another in America; and that he who should think himself safe under the pledge of honour or honesty was considered a fiat and deserving to be taken in! At Vincennes I had yet to learn this at the expense of at least a thousand dollars.—Welby.
45On returning to Philadelphia, and stating how I had disposed of the baggage I was greeted with grins and smiles; one said he would not give fifty dollars for my chance, another offered ten, and in short I found that nosmart fellowthought of trusting another in America; and that he who should think himself safe under the pledge of honour or honesty was considered a fiat and deserving to be taken in! At Vincennes I had yet to learn this at the expense of at least a thousand dollars.—Welby.
46This depreciation will appear nothing when compared with the following. Towards the close of the struggle for independence a Mr. S***** travelled westward in order to collect some out-standing debts; after receiving which in notes and on his road home, he actually paid within sixteen miles of Philadelphia, three hundred dollars for a breakfast, and even this bargain he would not have been able to make, he found on his return, to that city!—The government have never been able to enter into any arrangements to redeem these notes.—Welby.
46This depreciation will appear nothing when compared with the following. Towards the close of the struggle for independence a Mr. S***** travelled westward in order to collect some out-standing debts; after receiving which in notes and on his road home, he actually paid within sixteen miles of Philadelphia, three hundred dollars for a breakfast, and even this bargain he would not have been able to make, he found on his return, to that city!—The government have never been able to enter into any arrangements to redeem these notes.—Welby.
47I added to the diet, strong gruel of Indian corn meal, or wheat flour, which enabled them to travel.—Welby.
47I added to the diet, strong gruel of Indian corn meal, or wheat flour, which enabled them to travel.—Welby.
48A short sketch of Major Spriggs will be found in Faux'sJournal,ante, note 113.—Ed.
48A short sketch of Major Spriggs will be found in Faux'sJournal,ante, note 113.—Ed.
49It was in the beginning of November when I crossed the Ohio near Louisville; at that time a fine new steam vessel, of I believe two hundred and fifty tons burthen, was waiting the rise of the water. What a daily loss this detainer must have been to the proprietors! Many people were staying at Louisville in order to go passengers by her to New Orleans, a journey of between fifteen hundred and two thousand miles, which was to be performed in six days independent of wind: to get back it would require three or four weeks. This vessel was to convey the western mail to New Orleans—the accommodations in every respect were excellent and the whole interior was fitted up in the most complete manner; the price to New Orleans for each passenger was, I understood, forty dollars.—Welby.Comment by Ed.The first steamboat mail to New Orleans was carried in this year by Captain Shreve upon his boat, named in honor of the occasion, "Post-Boy."
49It was in the beginning of November when I crossed the Ohio near Louisville; at that time a fine new steam vessel, of I believe two hundred and fifty tons burthen, was waiting the rise of the water. What a daily loss this detainer must have been to the proprietors! Many people were staying at Louisville in order to go passengers by her to New Orleans, a journey of between fifteen hundred and two thousand miles, which was to be performed in six days independent of wind: to get back it would require three or four weeks. This vessel was to convey the western mail to New Orleans—the accommodations in every respect were excellent and the whole interior was fitted up in the most complete manner; the price to New Orleans for each passenger was, I understood, forty dollars.—Welby.
Comment by Ed.The first steamboat mail to New Orleans was carried in this year by Captain Shreve upon his boat, named in honor of the occasion, "Post-Boy."
50Plans for a canal around the Falls of the Ohio (Louisville), were projected early in the nineteenth century. The Ohio Canal Company was incorporated in 1809-10, Congress and the Kentucky legislature conditionally subscribing for shares of its stock, but nothing was accomplished. About ten years later the Jeffersonville Ohio Canal Company was organized to build the canal around the Indiana side of the falls. Construction was begun, but again the project fell through. Finally the Louisville-Portland canal was commenced in 1825 and completed in 1830, Congress having assisted to the extent of 2,335 shares of stock. This canal soon proved inadequate, and in 1872 it was surrendered to the national government. An enlargement was immediately undertaken, being completed in 1881.—Ed.
50Plans for a canal around the Falls of the Ohio (Louisville), were projected early in the nineteenth century. The Ohio Canal Company was incorporated in 1809-10, Congress and the Kentucky legislature conditionally subscribing for shares of its stock, but nothing was accomplished. About ten years later the Jeffersonville Ohio Canal Company was organized to build the canal around the Indiana side of the falls. Construction was begun, but again the project fell through. Finally the Louisville-Portland canal was commenced in 1825 and completed in 1830, Congress having assisted to the extent of 2,335 shares of stock. This canal soon proved inadequate, and in 1872 it was surrendered to the national government. An enlargement was immediately undertaken, being completed in 1881.—Ed.
51Another intention by raising the waters of the Schuylkill is, I understood, to supply Philadelphia with its water.—Welby.
51Another intention by raising the waters of the Schuylkill is, I understood, to supply Philadelphia with its water.—Welby.
52This year fine new cyder was plentiful in Ohio State, at a dollar a barrel of thirty gallons.—Welby.
52This year fine new cyder was plentiful in Ohio State, at a dollar a barrel of thirty gallons.—Welby.
53For the early history of Washington and Brownsville, see our volume iii; F. A. Michaux'sTravels, note 23; Harris'sJournal, note 32.—Ed.
53For the early history of Washington and Brownsville, see our volume iii; F. A. Michaux'sTravels, note 23; Harris'sJournal, note 32.—Ed.
54A short sketch of Uniontown and Fort Cumberland may be found in Harris'sJournal, volume iii of our series, notes 47, 49.—Ed.
54A short sketch of Uniontown and Fort Cumberland may be found in Harris'sJournal, volume iii of our series, notes 47, 49.—Ed.
55For a brief account of Fredericktown, see A. Michaux'sTravels, in our volume iii, note 70.—Ed.
55For a brief account of Fredericktown, see A. Michaux'sTravels, in our volume iii, note 70.—Ed.
56The British forces under Major-General Ross landed at North Point, at the mouth of the Patapsco, twelve miles from the city. Proceeding along the North Point Road to Baltimore (September 12, 1814), they had marched about four miles when their advance was checked by the American forces under General Stricker. A sharp engagement followed, in which Ross was killed, but the American troops were forced to fall back towards Baltimore.The battle monument, situated on Monument Square, was begun in 1815 and completed ten years later. It is not a national memorial, but was erected by the citizens of Baltimore. In 1839 Baltimore dedicated a second monument on the North Point battle-ground.—Ed.
56The British forces under Major-General Ross landed at North Point, at the mouth of the Patapsco, twelve miles from the city. Proceeding along the North Point Road to Baltimore (September 12, 1814), they had marched about four miles when their advance was checked by the American forces under General Stricker. A sharp engagement followed, in which Ross was killed, but the American troops were forced to fall back towards Baltimore.
The battle monument, situated on Monument Square, was begun in 1815 and completed ten years later. It is not a national memorial, but was erected by the citizens of Baltimore. In 1839 Baltimore dedicated a second monument on the North Point battle-ground.—Ed.
57Some farmers, on this account, feed their cattle with corn, and thus putting it upon legs send them to the Eastern markets; we met many large droves of these cattle.—Welby.
57Some farmers, on this account, feed their cattle with corn, and thus putting it upon legs send them to the Eastern markets; we met many large droves of these cattle.—Welby.
58In the Middle and Southern states the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbella) is called a pheasant. The English pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) does not exist in the United States. Similarly, the American partridge is entirely different from the English, being the bob white or quail (Ortyx virginiana).—Ed.
58In the Middle and Southern states the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbella) is called a pheasant. The English pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) does not exist in the United States. Similarly, the American partridge is entirely different from the English, being the bob white or quail (Ortyx virginiana).—Ed.
59George Louis Buffon (1707-1788) was a noted French naturalist, and for many years was intendant to the royal gardens. Abbé Raynal (1713-1793) published (1770)Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes.—Ed.
59George Louis Buffon (1707-1788) was a noted French naturalist, and for many years was intendant to the royal gardens. Abbé Raynal (1713-1793) published (1770)Histoire philosophique et politique des établissements et du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes.—Ed.
60I believe the Quakers are entitled to the chief merit of promoting these charitable institutions, and I have before been silent where I should have given them the meed of praise.—Welby.
60I believe the Quakers are entitled to the chief merit of promoting these charitable institutions, and I have before been silent where I should have given them the meed of praise.—Welby.
61The PhiladelphiaAurorawas established in 1790 by Benjamin Franklin Bache. After his death (1798) it was edited by William Duane. It was strongly anti-federal, and exerted its greatest influence between the years 1800-1820.—Ed.
61The PhiladelphiaAurorawas established in 1790 by Benjamin Franklin Bache. After his death (1798) it was edited by William Duane. It was strongly anti-federal, and exerted its greatest influence between the years 1800-1820.—Ed.
62Reflections upon the Nature and tendency of the present Spirit of the Times. By Rev. George Burges, B.A. 1820.—Welby.
62Reflections upon the Nature and tendency of the present Spirit of the Times. By Rev. George Burges, B.A. 1820.—Welby.
63The execution of the above sentence took place accordingly.—Welby.
63The execution of the above sentence took place accordingly.—Welby.
64This was Admiral Decatur. See Faux'sJournal,ante, note 140.—Ed.
64This was Admiral Decatur. See Faux'sJournal,ante, note 140.—Ed.
65The University of Pennsylvania dates its history from the establishment of Franklin's academy in 1740. See Montgomery,History of the University of Pennsylvania from its Foundation to A.D. 1770(Philadelphia, 1902).—Ed.
65The University of Pennsylvania dates its history from the establishment of Franklin's academy in 1740. See Montgomery,History of the University of Pennsylvania from its Foundation to A.D. 1770(Philadelphia, 1902).—Ed.
66Not long ago signs were very generally used by other trades than those of Publicans, and even now there are a few who hang them out,—Tavern signs are many of them executed in a superior manner; it is the chief encouragement given to the Arts.—Welby.
66Not long ago signs were very generally used by other trades than those of Publicans, and even now there are a few who hang them out,—Tavern signs are many of them executed in a superior manner; it is the chief encouragement given to the Arts.—Welby.
67Thomas Holcroft (1744-1809) a well-known British dramatist and translator.—Ed.
67Thomas Holcroft (1744-1809) a well-known British dramatist and translator.—Ed.
68Their other national air "Hail Columbia," is intitled to more respect.—Welby.
68Their other national air "Hail Columbia," is intitled to more respect.—Welby.
69I am informed that it is not an uncommon practice to sell the negroes at auction, by the lb. weight.—Welby.
69I am informed that it is not an uncommon practice to sell the negroes at auction, by the lb. weight.—Welby.
70The skins of the goats by some speedy process had been converted into morocco leather and were exhibited.—Welby.
70The skins of the goats by some speedy process had been converted into morocco leather and were exhibited.—Welby.
71The Library is lately renewed; the former one was burnt by us in the late war, for which deed we have obtained perhaps justly the appellation of "Modern Goths."—Welby.
71The Library is lately renewed; the former one was burnt by us in the late war, for which deed we have obtained perhaps justly the appellation of "Modern Goths."—Welby.
72Mr. Sheed of the United States Navy.—Welby.
72Mr. Sheed of the United States Navy.—Welby.