Examples.Kauaka hei kona te pukapuka,let not the book be there.Kauaka hei a Hemi taku pu,let not my gun be in the possession of Hemi.
Examples.
Kauaka hei kona te pukapuka,let not the book be there.
Kauaka hei a Hemi taku pu,let not my gun be in the possession of Hemi.
When the preposition iskei, orisignifyingat, orin possession of, usekahorefor the negative, with the prepositionionly and neverkei.
Examples.Kei hea te hoiho? Kahore i konei.Where is the horse? It is not here.Kahore i a ia to pukapuka,your book is not in his possession.
Examples.
Kei hea te hoiho? Kahore i konei.Where is the horse? It is not here.
Kahore i a ia to pukapuka,your book is not in his possession.
§ 36.Interrogative Sentencesdo not differ in form from those which are not interrogative. Those which are not essentially such from the meaning of the words, are shewn to be so by the tone with which they are uttered. Those which are essentially interrogative are those which contain an interrogative pronoun or adverb.
Examples.He hoiho tau?Have you a horse?Nou tena potae?Is that hat yours?Na wai tenei mara?Whose is this cultivation?He kai ranei kei roto i te whare?Is there any food in the house?Kahore o pukapuka maku?Have you no book for me?
Examples.
He hoiho tau?Have you a horse?
Nou tena potae?Is that hat yours?
Na wai tenei mara?Whose is this cultivation?
He kai ranei kei roto i te whare?Is there any food in the house?
Kahore o pukapuka maku?Have you no book for me?
§ 37. TheTimeof these "sentences without verbs" may, as far as the form of the sentence is concerned, be either past, present, or future. When it is not shewn by the essential meaning of any of the words it must be gathered from the context. If no clue to the time is given, what is said will be understood inpresenttime.
Examples.Kahore aku pukapuka inanahi,I had no book yesterday.E hia nga hoiho mana?How many horses are there for him?
Examples.
Kahore aku pukapuka inanahi,I had no book yesterday.
E hia nga hoiho mana?How many horses are there for him?
§ 38.Voice and Tense.The only inflexion of the original form of the verb is in the formation of the Passive Voice, and consists in the addition of a Passive termination to the Active form.
Differences of Tense are denoted by certainauxiliaryparticles, the same form in each case serving for all persons and numbers. Some of these particles vary, or are differently used in negative sentences, and some of the tenses have their own peculiar negative adverb, and admit of no other, as will be seen in the following example.
§ 39.Indicative Mood.
1. Present.E pupuri ana ahau,I hold, oram holding.Kahore ahau e pupuri ana,I am not holding.2. Perfect.Kua pupuri ahau,I have held.Kahore ahau kia pupuri,I have not held.3. Past.I pupuri ahau,I held.Kihai ahau i pupuri,I did not hold.4. Future.E pupuri ahau,I shall hold.E kore ahau e pupuri,I shall not hold.Tera ahau e pupuri,I shall hold.Tera ahau e kore e pupuri,I shall not hold.5. Transitional.Ka pupuri ahau,I became (or shall become) holding.Ka kore ahau e pupuri,I became (or shall become) not holding.
1. Present.
E pupuri ana ahau,I hold, oram holding.
Kahore ahau e pupuri ana,I am not holding.
2. Perfect.
Kua pupuri ahau,I have held.
Kahore ahau kia pupuri,I have not held.
3. Past.
I pupuri ahau,I held.
Kihai ahau i pupuri,I did not hold.
4. Future.
E pupuri ahau,I shall hold.
E kore ahau e pupuri,I shall not hold.
Tera ahau e pupuri,I shall hold.
Tera ahau e kore e pupuri,I shall not hold.
5. Transitional.
Ka pupuri ahau,I became (or shall become) holding.
Ka kore ahau e pupuri,I became (or shall become) not holding.
§ 40.Remarks on Tenses.The Present and Perfect may be also used either in Past time, or in Future time, when they respectively become either (a) Past Imperfect, and (b) Past Perfect, or (c) Future Imperfect, and (d) Future Perfect.
In the Future the addition ofteragives emphasis.
The Transitional denotes a transition or change from one state or action to another; or the commencement of a new action or condition, and may be either (e) Past or (f) Future: the actualtime to bedetermined by the context.
Examples.(a) Te taenga mai o Rewi e kokoti witi ana ahau,when Rewi arrived I was cutting wheat.(b) Te taenga mai o Rewi, kahore ano ahau kia hopu i te hoiho,when Rewi arrived I had not yet caught the horse.(c) Kia tae mai a Hori apopo e hopu ana ahau i te hoiho,when Hori arrives to-morrow I shall be catching the horse.(d) Kia hoki mai koutou i Waiapu kua hauhakea aku kumara,when you return from Waiapu my kumara will have been dug up.(e) No to karangatanga i a Hemi ka haere atu ia ki a koe,when you called Hemi he went to you.(f) Kia hoki mai koe ka hanga ahau i toku whare,when you return I shall build my house.
Examples.
(a) Te taenga mai o Rewi e kokoti witi ana ahau,when Rewi arrived I was cutting wheat.
(b) Te taenga mai o Rewi, kahore ano ahau kia hopu i te hoiho,when Rewi arrived I had not yet caught the horse.
(c) Kia tae mai a Hori apopo e hopu ana ahau i te hoiho,when Hori arrives to-morrow I shall be catching the horse.
(d) Kia hoki mai koutou i Waiapu kua hauhakea aku kumara,when you return from Waiapu my kumara will have been dug up.
(e) No to karangatanga i a Hemi ka haere atu ia ki a koe,when you called Hemi he went to you.
(f) Kia hoki mai koe ka hanga ahau i toku whare,when you return I shall build my house.
In the two last examples, "he went", and, "I shallbuild", both denote the commencement of a fresh action.
§ 41.Subjunctive Mood.
1. Present.Me e pupuri ana ahau,if I were holding.Me kahore ahau e pupuri ana,if I were not holding.2. Past.Me i pupuri ahau,if I had held.Me i kahore ahau i pupuri,if I had not held.3. Future.Ki te pupuri ahau,if I should hold.Ki te kore ahau e pupuri,if I should not hold.
1. Present.
Me e pupuri ana ahau,if I were holding.
Me kahore ahau e pupuri ana,if I were not holding.
2. Past.
Me i pupuri ahau,if I had held.
Me i kahore ahau i pupuri,if I had not held.
3. Future.
Ki te pupuri ahau,if I should hold.
Ki te kore ahau e pupuri,if I should not hold.
In the Present and Past it is implied that the contrary to the alternative expressed is the fact. In the Future simple uncertainty is expressed.
§ 42.Optative Mood.
1. With "kia".Kia pupuri ahau,let me hold, or, in a dependent sentence,that I may hold.Kaua ahau e pupuri,let me not hold.Kia kaua ahau e pupuri,that I may not hold.2. With "kei".Kei pupuri ahau,let me not hold, or,lest I should hold.Kei kore ahau e pupuri,lest I should not hold. (This negative is only used in dependent sentences.)
1. With "kia".
Kia pupuri ahau,let me hold, or, in a dependent sentence,that I may hold.
Kaua ahau e pupuri,let me not hold.
Kia kaua ahau e pupuri,that I may not hold.
2. With "kei".
Kei pupuri ahau,let me not hold, or,lest I should hold.
Kei kore ahau e pupuri,lest I should not hold. (This negative is only used in dependent sentences.)
§ 43.Imperative Mood.
Pupuri! or E pupuri!hold!Kaua e pupuri!do not hold!
Pupuri! or E pupuri!hold!
Kaua e pupuri!do not hold!
§ 44.Infinitive Mood.This is merely the verb treated as a noun, always attended by one or other of the definitives.
Examples.He aha tana? He pupuri i to hoiho.What is his object? To hold your horse.Ko te mahi ahau i toku whare,I am going to work at my house.
Examples.
He aha tana? He pupuri i to hoiho.What is his object? To hold your horse.
Ko te mahi ahau i toku whare,I am going to work at my house.
§ 45.Passive Voice.The passive voice is formedgenerally by the addition of one of the following terminations to the active: -a, -ia, -hia, -kia, -mia, -ngia, -ria, -tia, -whia, -na, -ina. No rule can be laid down which termination is to be used with any given verb: some form the passive with one only, others again with several; the passive termination, therefore, of each verb must be learnt with the active.
Those verbs which have the first syllable doubled in the active drop the repetition in the passive; thuspupuribecomes (notpupuritia, but)puritia.
§ 46.The Tensesof the different moods in the Passive voice are formed in the same way as in the Active, the passive form of the verb being merely substituted for the active,—puritiaforpupuri.
The Imperative Passive is not, like the Imperative Active, confined to the second person, but is more commonly used in the first or third person, the command at the same time being addressed to the second person.
Example.Puritia tenei pukapuka!be this book held [by thee!]i. e.hold this book!
Example.
Puritia tenei pukapuka!be this book held [by thee!]i. e.hold this book!
§ 47.Uses of Active and Passive.The Passive Voice is generally used when theactionis emphatic rather than theagent, and therefore is much more frequently required than the Active Voice in strictly active verbs. But when an active verb follows a neuter verb and is in apposition with it, it will retain the active construction of the neuter verb.
Examples.I mauria e ia te pukapuka,the letter was taken by him, i. e.he took the letter.Ka haere ahau ka mau i taku pukapuka,I will go and take my letter.
Examples.
I mauria e ia te pukapuka,the letter was taken by him, i. e.he took the letter.
Ka haere ahau ka mau i taku pukapuka,I will go and take my letter.
§ 48.Transitive Prepositions&c. Every active verb is connected with itsobject, or the thing acted upon, by either of the prepositionsi, orki; some verbs requiring one, some the other, and some againtaking either. These prepositions in some cases may be translated by an English preposition; but in most cases they merely represent the connexion between the verb and its object, and may therefore be called transitive prepositions.
Every passive verb is connected with theagentby the preposition "e", which is rendered "by" in English.
Examples.Whakarongo ki nga kupu a Rewa,listen to the words of Rewa.E matau ana ahau ki taua tangata,I know that man.Kei te tiki ia i tana hoiho,he is fetching his horse.I mahia e wai?by whom was it done?
Examples.
Whakarongo ki nga kupu a Rewa,listen to the words of Rewa.
E matau ana ahau ki taua tangata,I know that man.
Kei te tiki ia i tana hoiho,he is fetching his horse.
I mahia e wai?by whom was it done?
§ 49.Agent emphatic.When special emphasis is to be laid on theagentan irregular construction is used, the prepositionnabeing placed before the subject in the past tense, andmain the future. In sentences of this kind the subject, being the most emphatic member of the sentence, stands first,and the object either before or after the verb, but without any transitive preposition. This construction is not properly used with neuter verbs.
Examples.Naku i pupuri tena tangata,I detained that man, i. e.it was I who detained him.Ma Hone e hanga he whare mou,Hone shall build a house for you.
Examples.
Naku i pupuri tena tangata,I detained that man, i. e.it was I who detained him.
Ma Hone e hanga he whare mou,Hone shall build a house for you.
§ 50.Imperative Future.Another irregular construction is that of the Imperative Future withme, in which the verb is active in form but passive in sense.
Examples.Me kawe e koe taku pukapuka,you shall carry my letter(or,my letter must be carried by you).I mahara ahau me patu tenei manu,I thought that this bird was to be killed.
Examples.
Me kawe e koe taku pukapuka,you shall carry my letter(or,my letter must be carried by you).
I mahara ahau me patu tenei manu,I thought that this bird was to be killed.
This is not used with a negative.
The verbai, "there is", "it is" &c.
§ 51.Indicative Mood.
1. Present.E ai ki tana, or E ai tana,according to his [saying] it isi. e.he says.E ai ta wai?who says so?2. Transitional.Ka ai he toki mana,there is an axe for him, i. e.he has an axe.
1. Present.
E ai ki tana, or E ai tana,according to his [saying] it isi. e.he says.
E ai ta wai?who says so?
2. Transitional.
Ka ai he toki mana,there is an axe for him, i. e.he has an axe.
§ 52.Subjunctive Mood.
1. Present.Me e ai ana he toki,if there were an axe.2. Future.Ki te ai he toki,if there should be an axe.
1. Present.
Me e ai ana he toki,if there were an axe.
2. Future.
Ki te ai he toki,if there should be an axe.
§ 53.Optative Mood.
1. With "kia".Kia ai he toki,let there be an axe, i. e.when, or,as soon as there is an axe.2. With "kei".Kei ai he toki,lest there should be an axe.
1. With "kia".
Kia ai he toki,let there be an axe, i. e.when, or,as soon as there is an axe.
2. With "kei".
Kei ai he toki,lest there should be an axe.
with the verb substantive.
§ 54. The place of thesubstantive Verbin connexion with Adjectives and Participles, is supplied by the verbal particles, the adjective or participle being treated as though it were a verb. It will be seen by the following example of the adjective ora,well,in health, that the notion ofbecoming, which is peculiarly the characteristic of the transitional, runs more or less through almost all the tenses.
The present tense with e—ana is not required with participles.
[A]By participles here are meant, not participles derived from verbs, as in the European languages, but a class of words of independent origin which can only be rendered into English by participles. Such are oti,completed; makona,satisfied; pau,consumed; &c.
§ 55.Indicative Mood.
1. Present.E ora ana ahau,I am well.Kahore ahau e ora ana,I am not well.2. Perfect.Kua ora ahau,I have become well.Kahore ahau kia ora,I have not become well.3. Past.I ora ahau,I was well, orbecame well.Kihai ahau i ora,I was not well.4. Future.E ora ahau,I shall be(orbecome)well.E kore ahau e ora,I shall not be(orbecome)well.5. Transitional.Ka ora ahau,I become well.Ka kore ahau e ora,I become not well.
1. Present.
E ora ana ahau,I am well.
Kahore ahau e ora ana,I am not well.
2. Perfect.
Kua ora ahau,I have become well.
Kahore ahau kia ora,I have not become well.
3. Past.
I ora ahau,I was well, orbecame well.
Kihai ahau i ora,I was not well.
4. Future.
E ora ahau,I shall be(orbecome)well.
E kore ahau e ora,I shall not be(orbecome)well.
5. Transitional.
Ka ora ahau,I become well.
Ka kore ahau e ora,I become not well.
§ 56.Subjunctive Mood.
1. Present.Me e ora ana ahau,if I were well.Me kahore ahau e ora ana,if I were not well.2. Past.Me i ora ahau,if I had been well.Me i kahore ahau i ora,if I had not been well.3. Future.Ki te ora ahau,if I should be(orbecome)well.Ki te kore ahau e ora,if I should not be(orbecome)well.
1. Present.
Me e ora ana ahau,if I were well.
Me kahore ahau e ora ana,if I were not well.
2. Past.
Me i ora ahau,if I had been well.
Me i kahore ahau i ora,if I had not been well.
3. Future.
Ki te ora ahau,if I should be(orbecome)well.
Ki te kore ahau e ora,if I should not be(orbecome)well.
§ 57.Optative Mood.
1. With "kia".Kia ora ahau,that I should be(orbecome)well.Kia kaua ahau e ora,that I should not be(orbecome)well.2. With "kei".Kei ora ahau,lest I should be(orbecome)well.Kei kore ahau e ora,lest I should not be(orbecome)well.
1. With "kia".
Kia ora ahau,that I should be(orbecome)well.
Kia kaua ahau e ora,that I should not be(orbecome)well.
2. With "kei".
Kei ora ahau,lest I should be(orbecome)well.
Kei kore ahau e ora,lest I should not be(orbecome)well.
§ 58. The remarks made on the tenses of the verbs in§§ 40,41are applicable also here.
§ 59.Prepositioni. Adjectives and participles are followed by the prepositioni(note, which belongs only to passive verbs), to denote the agency or instrumentality by which the effect has been or is to be produced.
Examples.Kua ora ahau i to rongoa,I have become well by means of your medicine.Ka pau tana kai i te kuri,his food is consumed by the dog.
Examples.
Kua ora ahau i to rongoa,I have become well by means of your medicine.
Ka pau tana kai i te kuri,his food is consumed by the dog.
§ 60.Explanatory Verb.Sometimes a verb in the infinitive mood is added to a participle by way of explanation, and in that case the preposition will be different according as the agent is placed after the participle, or after the verb. If after the participle, it will bei: if after the verb, it will bee.
Example.Ka pau to paraoa i te kuri te kai, or, Ka pau te paraoa te kai e te kuri,the bread is eaten up by the dog (is consumed by eating).
Example.
Ka pau to paraoa i te kuri te kai, or, Ka pau te paraoa te kai e te kuri,the bread is eaten up by the dog (is consumed by eating).
§ 61. There areno Relative Pronounsin Maori. Their place is supplied either by the position of the words forming the relative clause; or by the personal pronoun of the 3rd person singular; or again, by the use of certain particles.
§ 62.Who.When the relative in English is the subject of a verb in the relative clause:
(a) That verb may be placed immediately after the antecedent portion of the sentence without any expressed subject.
Examples.Te tangata e hanga whare ana,the man who is house-building.Te hoiho i kitea e taua,the horse which was seen by you and me.
Examples.
Te tangata e hanga whare ana,the man who is house-building.
Te hoiho i kitea e taua,the horse which was seen by you and me.
(b) If the relative clause is past or future, the construction mentioned in§ 49may be used; thepronoun of the third person singular servingfor all persons and numbers.
Examples.Ko Hemi te tangata nana i patu taku witi,the man who threshed my wheat was Hemi.Ko nga tangata enei nana i tahu te ngahere,these are the men who set the forest on fire.
Examples.
Ko Hemi te tangata nana i patu taku witi,the man who threshed my wheat was Hemi.
Ko nga tangata enei nana i tahu te ngahere,these are the men who set the forest on fire.
§ 63.Whom, or which.When the relative in English is objective, and is governed by a verb or by one of these prepositions:by,by-means-of,on-account-of,by-reason-of; the verb in the relative clause is followed bynei,na,ra, orai, without a preposition; and in the present tenseanaafter the verb is omitted. For the force ofnei,na, andra, see§ 18. Useaionly with the past and future. The subject of the verb in the relative clause may either be expressed directly, or it may be implied in a possessive definitive placed before the antecedent.
Examples.Te whare e hanga nei koe,the house which you are building.Tau pukapuka e korero na,that book which you are reading.Te mea e raru ai ahau,the thing by means of which I shall be perplexed.Tau tangata i karanga ai,the man whom you called.
Examples.
Te whare e hanga nei koe,the house which you are building.
Tau pukapuka e korero na,that book which you are reading.
Te mea e raru ai ahau,the thing by means of which I shall be perplexed.
Tau tangata i karanga ai,the man whom you called.
§ 64.Inverted Construction.In those cases in which the relative is governed by the verb in the relative clause the construction may be inverted, by making the verb passive (§ 47), with the relative as its subject.
Examples.Te whare e hangaa nei e koe,the house which is being built by you.Te pukapuka e korerotia na e koe,the book which is being read by you.
Examples.
Te whare e hangaa nei e koe,the house which is being built by you.
Te pukapuka e korerotia na e koe,the book which is being read by you.
§ 65.Whose, for whom&c. When the relative in English is possessive, or governed by any other preposition than those enumerated in§ 63, use thepersonal pronoun of the third person singularfor all persons and numberswith the requisite preposition.
Examples.Te iwi nona te whenua,the people whose the land is.Te tangata i hoatu nei e ahau ki a ia te pukapuka,the man to whom I gave the book.
Examples.
Te iwi nona te whenua,the people whose the land is.
Te tangata i hoatu nei e ahau ki a ia te pukapuka,the man to whom I gave the book.
§ 66.Whosoever.There is no equivalent in Maori for the word whosoever: it must therefore always be resolved into "the man who", "the persons who", "if any man" &c., but not into "he who", or "those who".
Examples.Te tangata he pukapuka tana,whoever has a book(the man who&c.).Nga tangata e matau ana ki te korero pukapuka,whosoever knows how to read(the men who&c.).
Examples.
Te tangata he pukapuka tana,whoever has a book(the man who&c.).
Nga tangata e matau ana ki te korero pukapuka,whosoever knows how to read(the men who&c.).
§ 67.Position.The following adverbs, tino,very; maatua,first; and ata,gently,quite, always stand before the words which they qualify; other adverbs after the qualified words.
Examples.He tangata tino pai,a very good man.Kia maatua rapua te toki,first let the axe be looked for.He kino rawa tena,that is very bad.
Examples.
He tangata tino pai,a very good man.
Kia maatua rapua te toki,first let the axe be looked for.
He kino rawa tena,that is very bad.
§ 68.Added Terminations.Other adverbs, which have reference to themanner,intensity&c. of an action when they qualify, have the passive termination -tia added to them when used with passive verbs, and the termination -tanga when used with verbal nouns.
Examples.I kainga otatia nga kumara,the kumara were eaten raw.Mo tana patunga pukutanga i a au,on account of his secretly striking me.
Examples.
I kainga otatia nga kumara,the kumara were eaten raw.
Mo tana patunga pukutanga i a au,on account of his secretly striking me.
§ 69.Simple Prepositions.
A,of,belonging to. (See§ 19.)at, of future time: a hea?at what time?O,of,belonging to, passive of a (§ 19).Na,of,belonging to. (§§ 16,19.)by,by means of,on account of.No,of,belonging to(§§ 16,19), passive of na.from, of place, but not after verbs of motion.from,at, of time past.Ma,for. (§ 19.)by, of means.by,through, of direction.Mo,for, passive of ma.at,on, of time future.E,by, of agent, only after passive verbs. (§ 48.)I,by, of agent or instrument, after participles, adjectives, and neuter verbs. (§ 59.)by reason of.from, after verbs of motion.with, ==in possession of, orhaving in possession.at, of time, generally past.at, of place, generally in time past.in state of,in act of, in time past, govern adjectives or verbs.simply transitive, no English equivalent. (§ 48.)Kei,at, of place, in time present.with==in possession of, in time present.in state of,in act of, with adjectives or verbs in time present.Hei,at, of place, or time, future.with==in possession of, in time future.for==to serve as, without any definitive.Ki,to, of place or action.at, orin, of place in which a thing is done &c.with, of instrument.according to,concerning.after verbs without any English equivalent. (§ 48.)Me,with,in addition,and—too.Ko,to,going to, with nouns of place and infinitives of active verbs.
§ 70.Complex Prepositions.These are irregular modes of using some of the nouns of locality enumerated in§ 10.
Series 1.Ki runga ki, }I runga i, }upon,on the top of.Kei runga kei, }Hei runga hei, }No runga no,from upon, i. e.belonging to the top of.I runga i,from upon, with special idea of motion from.Mo runga mo,for the top of.Ma runga ma,over,by the top of(direction).Ko runga ko,to the top of.Series 2.Ki runga i, }I runga i, }above,over.Kei runga i, }Hei runga i, }No runga i,from above, i. e. belonging to that situation.I runga i,from above, implying motion from.Mo runga i,for above, i. e. to be above.Ma runga i,by above,over, (of direction).Ko runga i,to above,over.
Series 1.
Ki runga ki, }I runga i, }upon,on the top of.Kei runga kei, }Hei runga hei, }No runga no,from upon, i. e.belonging to the top of.I runga i,from upon, with special idea of motion from.Mo runga mo,for the top of.Ma runga ma,over,by the top of(direction).Ko runga ko,to the top of.
Series 2.
Ki runga i, }I runga i, }above,over.Kei runga i, }Hei runga i, }No runga i,from above, i. e. belonging to that situation.I runga i,from above, implying motion from.Mo runga i,for above, i. e. to be above.Ma runga i,by above,over, (of direction).Ko runga i,to above,over.
In the second of these seriesomay be substituted fori, in which case the construction will be regular.
The simple prepositions may be combined in the same way withraro, to signifyunder,beneath&c.; withroto, to signifyin,into,inside&c.; withwaho, to signifywithout,outside,from without&c.
MuaandMuriare only used in series 2.
§ 71.The Verb "to have"having no equivalent in Maori, its place is supplied by the following expedients.
1. By the use of the possessive definitives (§ 15) the time (present or past) being gathered from the context.
Examples.He hoiho tana,he has a horse, or,he had a horse.Kahore ana hoiho,he had no horse.
Examples.
He hoiho tana,he has a horse, or,he had a horse.
Kahore ana hoiho,he had no horse.
2. By the use of the prepositionskei,i,hei, respectively for present, past and future.
Examples.Kei a au to pukapuka,I have your book.Kahore i a au to pukapuka,I have not your book.
Examples.
Kei a au to pukapuka,I have your book.
Kahore i a au to pukapuka,I have not your book.
3. By using the verbai(§ 51) followed by the preposition ma or mo.
Examples.Ka ai he toki mana,he has an axe.Me e ai ana he hoiho mau,if you had a horse.
Examples.
Ka ai he toki mana,he has an axe.
Me e ai ana he hoiho mau,if you had a horse.
4. By using the adjectivewhai, which signifiespossessing, the thing possessed being used as another adjective qualifyingwhai.
Kua whai pukapuka koe?have you a book?(literally, have you become book-possessing?)
Kua whai pukapuka koe?have you a book?(literally, have you become book-possessing?)
In pronunciation, unless a word is otherwise marked, always accentuate the first syllable.
A,def., he;pl.he.Able, to be,v., ahei.Abode,s., kaainga.Above,prep., ki runga i;kei runga i;i runga i;hei runga i. (See§ 70.)Absent,adj., ngaro.Abundant,adj., nui;huhua.Across,prep., ki tawahi o.Add together,v., huihui;pass.huihuia.Adult,s., kaumaatua.After,prep., ki muri i;kei muri i;i muri i;hei muri i. (See§ 70.)Afterwards,adv., muri iho.Again,adv., ano.All,adj., katoa.Allow,v., tuku;pass.tukua.Ancle,s., pona.Angry,adj., riri.Answer,v., whakahoki kupu (followed by prep.ki).Any,def., tetahi;pl.etahi.Arise,v. n., ara.Arm,s., taakakau;ringaringa.Army,s., taua.Arouse,v., whakaára;pass.whakaárahia.Arrive,v. n., tae;pass.taea,be arrived at.Ashes,s., pungarehu.Ask,v.(put a question), ui;pass.uia (followed by prep.ki).Ask for,v., tono;pass.tonoa.Assemble,v. a., whakamíne;pass.whakamínea.Assemble,v. n., huihui.Attack,v., whakaeke;pass.whakaekea.Axe,s., toki.Back,s., tuara.Bad,adj., kino.Bag,s., peeke.Bald,adj., pakira.Bank of a river,s., tahataha.Barter,v., hoko;pass.hokoa.Bathe,v. n., kaukau.Battle,s., pakanga.Bay,s., kokoru.Beak,s., ngutu.Beard,s., pahau.Beast,s., kararehe.Beautiful,adj., ataáhua.Because,conj., no te mea.Bed,s., moenga.Before,prep., ki mua i;kei mua i;i mua i;hei mua i. (See§ 70.)Beg,v., inoi;pass.inoia.Begin,v., timata;pass.timataia.Behind,prep., ki muri i;kei muri i;i muri i;hei muri i. (See§ 70.)Believe,v., whakapóno (followed by prep.ki);pass.whakapónohia.Belly,s., kopu.Below,prep., ki raro i;kei raro i;i raro i;hei raro i.(See§ 70.)Bent,adj., piko.Bird,s., manu.Birth,s., whanautanga.Bite,v., ngau;pass.ngaua.Bitter,adj., kawa.Black,adj., mangu.Blind,adj., matapo.Blood,s., toto.Blunt,adj., puhuki.Board,s., papa.Body,s., tinana.Boil,v. n., koropupuu;v. a., kohua;pass.kohuatia.Bone,s., wheua.Book,s., pukapuka.Bottom, the,s., raro. (See§ 10.)Box,s., pouaka.Boy,s., tamaiti tane;pl.tamariki tane.Brain,s., roro.Branch,s., manga.Break,v.(a stick &c.), whawháti;pass.whatiia;(a cord &c.), momótu;pass.motuhia.Breast,s., uma.Breathe,v. n., ta te manawa. (Ex. ka ta toku manawa,I breathe.)Bring,v., mau mai;pass.mauria mai.Broad,adj., whanui.Broken,adj., whati;motu. (See Break.)Brook,s., manga.Brown,adj., pakaakaa.Build,v., hanga;pass.hangaa.Bury,v., tanu;pass.tanumia.But,conj., otira.Buy,v., hoko;pass.hokoa.By,prep.,1.of agent, after passive verbs, e;2.of agent or instrument, after neuter verbs, adjectives &c., i;3.of direction, ma.Call,v., karanga;pass.karangatia.Calm,adj., marino.Can,v. n., ahei (not followed by a preposition).Canoe,s., waka.Carry,v., kawe;pass.kawea.—on the shoulders, pikau;pass.pikaua.Catch,v., hopu;pass.hopukia.Cause,s., take.Cautious,adj., tupato.Chain,s., mekameka.Charcoal,s., waro.Cheek,s., paapaaringa.Chest, the,s., poho.Chief,s., rangatira.Child,s., tamaiti;pl.tamariki.Chin,s., kauwae.Choose,v., whiriwhiri;pass.whiriwhiria.Claw,s., matikuku.Clean,adj., ma.Climb,v. n., piki;pass.pikitia,be climbed up or over.Clod,s., pai oneone.Clothes,s., kakahu.Cloud,s., kapua.Coast,s., tahatai.Cold,s., huka.Cold,adj., matao.Come,v. n., haere mai.Command,v., whakaháu;pass.whakaháua.Companion,s., hoa.Consent,v., whakaáe (followed by prep.ki);pass.whakaáetia,be agreed to.Consumed,part., pau.Cooked,adj., maoa.Cool,adj., matao.Corpse,s., tupapaku.Courtyard,s., marae.Cover,s.(lid &c.), taupoki;(cloth &c.) hipoki.Cover,v., taupoki;pass.taupokina;hipoki;pass.hipokina.Cry,v., tangi (followed by prep.ki);pass.tangihia,be cried for.Cure,v., whakaóra;pass.whakaórangia.Current,s., au.Cut,v., tapahi;pass.tapahia.Dark,adj., pouri.Daughter,s., tamahine.Dawn,s., puaotanga.Day,s., ra.Daylight,s., awatea.Dead,adj., mate.Deaf,adj., turi.Deceive,v., maminga;pass.mamingatia.Deep,adj., hohonu.Dig,v., keri;pass.keria.Dirty,adj., poke.Distant,adj., tawhiti.Dive for,v., ruku;pass.rukuhia.Dog,s., kuri.Door,s., tatau.Doorway,s., kuwaha.Down, adv., iho.Drag,v., to;pass.toia.Dream,s., moemoeaa.Drink,v., inu;pass.inumia.Drive,v., a;pass.aia.Drop,s., pata.Drop,v. n.(as water), maturuturu;(as anything solid), marere.Duck,s., paarera.Dust,s., puehu.Dwell,v. n., noho;pass.nohoia, be dwelt in.Ear,s., taringa.Earth,s., oneone.Eat,v., kai;pass.kainga.Ebb,v. n., timu.Elbow,s., tuke.Embrace,v., awhi;pass.awhitia.Empty,adj., takoto kau.Enemy,s., hoariri.Enlarge,v., whakanúi;pass.whakanúia.Enter,v., tomo;pass.tomokia.Equal,adj., rite.Evening,s., ahiahi.Eye,s., kanohi.Eyebrow,s., tukemata.Face,s., mata.Faint,adj., hemo.Fall,v. n.(from an upright position), hinga;pass.hingaia,be fallen upon.— (as water), rere.— (as a landslip &c.), horo.— off, taka.Farewell! (if the person addressed is going) Haere ra!(if remaining) Hei kona!Fat,s., ngako.Fat,adj., momona.Father,s., paapaa.Fear,v., wehi (followed by prep.ki);pass.wehingia.Feed,v., whangai;pass.whangaia.Female,adj., wahine;(of animals), uha.Fence,s., taiepa.Fetch,v., tiki;pass.tikina.Few,adj., torutoru.Fight,v., whawhai (followed by prep.ki);pass.whawhaitia.Find,v., kite;pass.kitea.Finger,s., maikara.Finger-nail,s., maikuku.Fire,s., ahi.Firm,adj., u.Fish,s., ika.Flame,s., mura.Flat,adj., pararahi.Flesh,s., kiko.Float,v. n., maanu.Flood,s., waipuke.Flower,s., puaawai.Fly,s., namu.Fog,s., kohu.Follow,v., whai;pass.whaia.Foot,s., waewae.For,prep., mo; ma.Forehead,s., rae.Form,s., ahua.Friend,s., hoa.Frost,s., huka.Fuel,s., wahie.Full,adj., ki.Gate,s., tatau.Gateway,s., kuwaha.Girl,s., kotiro.Give,v., homai; hoatu;pass.homai; hoatu;(mai denoting directiontowards,atuaway fromthe speaker).Glad,adj., koa.Go,v. n., haere;pass.haerea,be travelled over.God,s., atua.Gone,part., riro.Good,adj., pai.Grandfather, or grandmother,s., tupuna;pl.tuupuna.Grey hairs,s., hina.Ground,s., oneone.Guide,s., kai arahi.Gun,s., pu.Hair,s., makawe.Hand,s., ringaringa.Hang,v. n., iri.—v. a., whakaíri.Hard,adj., pakeke.Hatchet,s., paatiitii.Have,v.See part I,§ 71.Head,s., upoko.Headache,s., anini.Hear,v., rongo;pass.rangona.Heat,s., werawera.Heaven,s., rangi.Heavy,adj., taimaha.Heel,s., rekereke.Height,s., tiketike.Hence,adv., i konei.Henceforth,adv., a mua ake nei.Herd,s., kahui.Here,adv., ki konei;kei konei;i konei;hei konei.Hereafter,adv., a muri nei.Hide,v., huna;pass.hunaa.High,adj., tiketike.Hill,s., puke.His,def., tana;pl.ana;tona;pl.ona.Hither,adv., ki konei.Hold,v., pupúri;pass.puritia.Hole,s., rua.Hollow,adj., puare.Holy,adj., tapu.Hook,s., matau.Hoop,s., whiti.Hope for,v., tumanako (followed by prep.ki);pass.tumanakohia.Hot,adj., wera.House,s., whare.How,adv., pehea.Hunger,s., hemokai.Hungry,adj., hemokai.Husband,s., tane.I,pron., ahau.Idle,adj., mangere.If,conj., ki te mea;me he mea. (See§ 41.)Ignorant,adj., kuware.Impatient,adj., whaawhai.In,prep., ki roto i;kei roto i;i roto i;hei roto i. (See§ 70.)Ink,s., mangumangu.Inside, the,s., roto. (See§ 10.)Into,prep., ki roto ki.Interpret,v., whakamáori;pass.whakamáoritia.Interval,s., takiwa.Iron,s., rino.Jaw,s., kauwae.Join,v., hono;pass.honoa.Joint,s., pona.Judge,s., kai whakarite whakawa.Just,adj., tika.Keep, v. (retain), pupúri;pass.puritia;(take care of), tiaki;pass.tiakina.Kill,v., patu;pass.patua.Kind,adj., atawhai.Knee,s., turi.Kneel,v., tuturi.Knot,s., pona.Know,v., matau (followed by prep.ki);pass.matauria.Lame,adj., kopa.Land,s., whenua.Language,s., reo.Large,adj., nui.Last,adj., whakamútunga.Laugh,v. n., kata;pass.kataina,be laughed at.Law,s., ture.Lay.,v., whakatákoto;pass.whakatákotoria.Leaf,s., rau.Leap,v. n., tupeke.Learn,v., ako;pass.akonaLeft,part., mahue.Left hand, ringa maui.Leg,s., waewae.Length,s., roa.Letter,s., pukapuka.Lest,conj., kei.Lie,v. n., takoto.Lie,s., korero teka.Life,s., oranga.Lift,v., hapai;pass.hapainga.Light,adj.(not heavy), maamaa.Light,adj.(not dark), maarama.Line,s.(cord), aho.Lip,s., ngutu.Listen,v. n., whakaróngo (followed by prep.ki).Little,adj., iti;pl.ririki.Long,adj., roa.Look at,v., titiro (followed by prep.ki);pass.tirohia.Loose,adj., korokoro.Loosen,v., wewéte;pass.wetekia.Love,s., aroha.Low,adj., hakahaka.Mad,adj., porangi.Maize,s., kaanga.Make,v., hanga;pass.hangaa.Male,adj.(human), tane;(of animals), toa.Man,s., tangata.Manure,s., wairakau.Many,adj., maha.Marry,v., marena;pass.marenatia.Medicine,s., rongoa.Meet,v., tutaki (followed by prep.ki).Melt,v., whakaréwa;pass.whakaréwaina.Middle, the,s., waenganui.Midnight,s., waenganui po.Milk,s., waiu.Mine,pron., naku.Mind,s., hinengaro.Mix,v., whakanánu;pass.whakanánua.Month,s., marama.Moon,s., marama.Mother,s., whaea.Move,v., neke;pass.nekehia.Mountain,s., maunga.Mouth,s., mangai.Murder,v., kohuru;pass.kohurutia.My,pron., taku;pl.aku;toku;pl.oku.Name,s., ingoa.Narrow,adj., whaiti.Nation,s., iwi.Near,adj., tata.Neck,s., kakii.Nest,s., kohanga.Net,s., kupenga.New,adj., hou.Night,s., po.No,adv., kahore.Noise,s., turituri.Nose,s., ihu.Now,adv., aianei.Oar,s., hoe.Of,prep., a; o.Oil,s., hinu.On,prep., ki runga i;kei runga i;i runga i;hei runga i. (See§ 70.)One,adj., kotáhi.Open,adj., puare.Open,v., whakapúare.Orphan,s., pani.Outside, the,s., waho.Oyster,s., tio.Pain,s., mamae.Palm (of the hand),s., kapu.Parent,s., matua;pl.maatua.Part,s., wahi.Past,adj., pahure.Path,s., ara.Peace,s., rongo mau.Make peace, hohóu rongo;pass.houhia te rongo.Peace is made, ka mau te rongo.Perhaps,adv., pea.Pig,s., poaka.Pigeon,s., kukupa.Pity,v., atawhai;pass.atawhaitia.Plait,v., whiri;pass.whiria.Play,v., takaro.Pleasant,adj., ahuareka.Pluck up,v., huhuti;pass.hutia.Point,s., matamata.Pool,s., roto.Poor,adj., rawakore.Possessing,adj., whai, (the thing possessed being treatedlike an adjective qualifying whai;)whai pukapuka,book-possessing.Praise,v., whakapái;pass.whakapáingia.Pray,v., inoi;pass.inoia.Present,s., mea hoatu noa.Price,s., utu.Prick,v., wero;pass.werohia.Pull,v., kukume;pass.kumea.Push,v., pana;pass.panaa.Question,v., patai;pass.pataia.Quick,adj., tere.Quiet,adj., ata noho.Rain,s., ua.Rainbow,s., uenuku.Raise,v., hapai;pass.hapainga.Ram,v., tuki;pass.tukia.Rat,s., kiore.Raw,adj., kaiota.Read,v., korero pukapuka;pass.korerotia.Receive,v., tango;pass.tangohia.Refuse,v., whakakíno;pass.whakakínongia.Reject,v., whakarére;pass.whakarérea.Religion,s., karakia.Remain,v. n.(in a place), noho;(as a residue), toe.Remainder,s., toenga.Rest,v., okioki.Return,v., hoki.Rib,s., rara.Rich,adj., whai-taonga.Riches,s., taonga.Rider,s., kai eke hoiho.Right,adj., tika.Right (hand),adj., matau.Ring,s., mowhiti.Ripe,adj., maoa.Rise,v., ara.River,s., awa.Road,s., huarahi.Roast,v., tunu;pass.tunua.Rob,v., pahua;pass.pahuatia.Rock,s., kamaka.Roll,v., huri;pass.hurihia.Roof,s., tuanui.Root,s., pakiaka.Rope,s., taura.Rotten,adj., pirau.Rough,adj., taratara.Round,adj., porotaka.Row,v., hoe;pass.hoea.Row,s., rarangi.Rub,v., muku;pass.mukua.Run,v., oma;pass.omakia,be run for.Rust,s., waikura.Sad,adj., pouri.Sail,s., ra.Salt,s., tote.Save,v., whakaóra;pass.whakaórangia.Saw,s., kani.Say,v., ki;pass.kiia.Sea,s., moana.Search for,v., rapu;pass.rapua.Seat,s., nohoanga.Second,adj., tuarua.Secret,adj., ngaro.See,v., kite;pass.kitea.Seed,s., purapura.Seize,v., hopu;pass.hopukia.Sell,v., hoko;pass.hokoa.Send,v., tono;pass.tonoa;(Not used of sending inanimate things, presents &c.:in such cases usehoatu,orhomai.)Servant,s., kai mahi.Sew,v., tuitui;pass.tuituia.Shadow,s., ata.Shady,adj., marumaru.Shake,v. n., oioi.Shake,v. a., whakaoíoi;pass.whakaoíoia.Shame,s., whakamá.Shape,s., ahua.Shark,s., mango.Sharp,adj., koi.Sharpen,v., whakakói;pass.whakakóia.Shew,v., whakaátu;pass.whakaáturia.Ship,s., kaipuke.Shiver,v. n., wiri.Shoot,v., pupúhi;pass.puhia.Short,adj., poto.Shoulder,s., pokohiwi.Shout,v., hamama.Sick,adj., mate.Sickness,s., mate.Side,s., taha.Sift,v., taatari;pass.taataria.Sin,s., hara.Sing,v., waiata;pass.waiatatia.Single,adj., kotáhi.Sink,v., totóhu.Sister,s.(a man's), tuahine;(a woman's elder), tuakana;(a woman's younger), teina.Sit,v. n., noho;pass.nohoia,be sat upon.Skin,s., kiri.Skull,s., angaanga.Sky,s., kikorangi.Sleep,v. n., moe.Sleepy,adj., hiamoe.Slip,v. n., paheke.Slippery,adj., mania.Slow,adj., puhoi.Small,adj., nohinohi.Smear,v., pani;pass.pania.Smell,v., hongi;pass.hongia.Smell,s., haunga.Smoke,s., auahi.Smooth,adj., maeneene.Snow,s., hukarere.So,adv.(in that manner), pena; pera. (See§ 18.)Soft,adj., ngohengohe.Soil,s., oneone.Sole of the foot,s., raparapa.Solid,adj., maaroo.Some,def., tetahi;pl.etahi.Son,s., tama.Son-in-law,s., hunaonga.Sow,v., rui;pass.ruia.Space,s., takiwa.Spade,s., kaheru.Speak,v., korero;pass.korerotia.Spittle,s., huware.Split,v., wawáhi;pass.wahia.Sprained,adj., taui.Spring (of water),s., puna.Square,adj., tapawha.Staff,s., tokotoko.Stand,v., tu.Star,s., whetuu.Start,v. n., oho.Stay,v. n., noho.Steal,v., tahae;pass.tahaetia.Steep,adj., poupou.Stalk,s., kakau.Stomach,s., puku.Stone,s., kowhatu.Stoop,v., tuohu.Storm,s., tupuhi.Straight,adj., tika.Strange,adj., ke.Straw,s., taakakau.Strength,s., kaha.Strike,v., patu;pass.patua.String,s., aho.Strong,adj., kaha.Stumble,v. n., tuutuki.Suck,v., ngote;pass.ngotea.Summer,s., raumati.Summit,s., tihi.Sun,s., ra.Swallow,v., horo;pass.horomia.Swamp,s., repo.Sweat,s., kakáwa.Sweet,adj., reka.Swell,v. n., pupúhi.Swim,v. n., kauhoe.Take,v., tango;pass.tangohia.Talk,v., korero;pass.korerotia.Tall,adj., roa.Tame,adj., rata.Teach,v., whakaáko;pass.whakaákona.Tear,s., roimata.Tear,v., haehae;pass.haea.Tell,v., korero;pass.korerotia.Than,conj., i.That,def., tena;tera;taua. (See§ 18.)Then,adv., i reira;ko reira.Thence,adv., i reira;i kona;i ko. (See§ 10.)There,adv., ki reira;kei reira;i reira;hei reira;ki kona &c.;ki ko &c. (See§§ 10and69.)Thick,adj., matotoru.Thief,s., tahae.Thigh,s., huha.Thin,adj., rahirahi.Thine,pron., nau.Thing,s., mea.Think of,v., mahara (followed by prep.ki);pass.maharatia.Thirst,s., matewai.This,def., tenei;pl.enei.Thither,adv., ki kona;ki ko;ki reira. (See§ 10.)Thorn,s., koikoi.Thread,s., miro.Throat,s., korokoro.Through; to go or come through,v. n., puta.Throw,v., maka;pass.makaa.Thumb,s., koromatua.Thunder,s., whatitiri.Thus,adv., penei.Thy,def., tau;pl.au;tou;pl.ou;to;pl.o. (See§ 19.)Tide,s., tai;flood tide, tai pari;ebb tide, tai timu.Tie,v., here;pass.herea.Tight,adj., kikii.Tip,s., matamata.To-day,adv., aianei;ináianei;nonáianei.Toe,s., maikara.To-morrow,adv., apopo.Tooth,s., niho.Top, the,s., runga. (See§ 10.)Trample on,v., takahi;pass.takahia.Translate,v., whakamáori;pass.whakamáoritia.Tree,s., rakau.Tremble,v. n., wiri.Trench,s., manga.Trouble,s., raruraru.True,adj., pono.Try,v., whakamátau;pass.whakamátauria.Turn,v., huri;pass.hurihia.Twins,s., maahanga.Twist,v., whiri;pass.whiria.Udder,s., u.Uncle,s., matua keekee.Under,prep., ki raro ki;ki raro i;kei raro i;i raro i;hei raro i. (See§ 70.)Untie,v., wewéte;pass.wetekia.Utter,v., whakapúaki;pass.whakapúakina.Upper,adj., to runga. (See§ 10.)Valley,s., awaawa.Vein,s., uaua.Very,adv., tino; rawa. (See§ 67.)Voice,s., reo.Vomit,v., ruaki;pass.ruakina.Wade,v. n., kau.Wait for,v., tatári (followed by prep.ki);pass.taaria.Walk,v. n., haere.War,s., riri.Warm,adj., mahana.Wash,v., horoi;pass.horoia.Water,s., wai.Wave,s., ngaru.Way,s., ara.Weak,adj., ngoikore.Weary,adj., ngenge.Weave,v., whatu;pass.whatua.Wedge,s., ora.Weed,s., otaota.Weep for,v., tangi (followed by prep.ki);pass.tangihia.Weigh,v., pauna;pass.paunatia.Well (in health),adj., ora.Wet,adj., maakuu.Whale,s., tohora.What,pron., aha.When,adv.(past), nonahea;(future), a hea.Whence,adv., i hea.Where,adv., ki hea;kei hea;i hea;hei hea. (See§ 69.)Which,def., tehea;pl.ehea.Whistle,v. n., whio.Whither,adv., ki hea;ko hea.Why,adv., he aha (followed byai);he aha koe i haere ai?why did you go?Wife,s., wahine.Wild,adj., maaka.Wing,s., parirau.Wink,v., whakakíni.Winter,s., hotoke.Wipe,v., ukui;pass.ukuia.Wish for,v., hiahia (followed by prep.ki);pass.hiahiatia.With,prep., ki.Woman,s., wahine.Wood,s., rakau.Word,s., kupu.Work,v., mahi;pass.mahia.Wounded,adj., tu.Wrap,v., takai;pass.takaia.Write,v., tuhituhi;pass.tuhituhia.Wrong,adj., he.Yawn,v., tuwaharoa.Year,s., tau.Yes,adv., ae.Young,adj., tamariki.Yesterday,adv., inanahi.Berlin, printed byUngerbrothers, Printers to the King.WORKSBY
A,def., he;pl.he.Able, to be,v., ahei.Abode,s., kaainga.Above,prep., ki runga i;kei runga i;i runga i;hei runga i. (See§ 70.)Absent,adj., ngaro.Abundant,adj., nui;huhua.Across,prep., ki tawahi o.Add together,v., huihui;pass.huihuia.Adult,s., kaumaatua.After,prep., ki muri i;kei muri i;i muri i;hei muri i. (See§ 70.)Afterwards,adv., muri iho.Again,adv., ano.All,adj., katoa.Allow,v., tuku;pass.tukua.Ancle,s., pona.Angry,adj., riri.Answer,v., whakahoki kupu (followed by prep.ki).Any,def., tetahi;pl.etahi.Arise,v. n., ara.Arm,s., taakakau;ringaringa.Army,s., taua.Arouse,v., whakaára;pass.whakaárahia.Arrive,v. n., tae;pass.taea,be arrived at.Ashes,s., pungarehu.Ask,v.(put a question), ui;pass.uia (followed by prep.ki).Ask for,v., tono;pass.tonoa.Assemble,v. a., whakamíne;pass.whakamínea.Assemble,v. n., huihui.Attack,v., whakaeke;pass.whakaekea.Axe,s., toki.Back,s., tuara.Bad,adj., kino.Bag,s., peeke.Bald,adj., pakira.Bank of a river,s., tahataha.Barter,v., hoko;pass.hokoa.Bathe,v. n., kaukau.Battle,s., pakanga.Bay,s., kokoru.Beak,s., ngutu.Beard,s., pahau.Beast,s., kararehe.Beautiful,adj., ataáhua.Because,conj., no te mea.Bed,s., moenga.Before,prep., ki mua i;kei mua i;i mua i;hei mua i. (See§ 70.)Beg,v., inoi;pass.inoia.Begin,v., timata;pass.timataia.Behind,prep., ki muri i;kei muri i;i muri i;hei muri i. (See§ 70.)Believe,v., whakapóno (followed by prep.ki);pass.whakapónohia.Belly,s., kopu.Below,prep., ki raro i;kei raro i;i raro i;hei raro i.(See§ 70.)Bent,adj., piko.Bird,s., manu.Birth,s., whanautanga.Bite,v., ngau;pass.ngaua.Bitter,adj., kawa.Black,adj., mangu.Blind,adj., matapo.Blood,s., toto.Blunt,adj., puhuki.Board,s., papa.Body,s., tinana.Boil,v. n., koropupuu;v. a., kohua;pass.kohuatia.Bone,s., wheua.Book,s., pukapuka.Bottom, the,s., raro. (See§ 10.)Box,s., pouaka.Boy,s., tamaiti tane;pl.tamariki tane.Brain,s., roro.Branch,s., manga.Break,v.(a stick &c.), whawháti;pass.whatiia;(a cord &c.), momótu;pass.motuhia.Breast,s., uma.Breathe,v. n., ta te manawa. (Ex. ka ta toku manawa,I breathe.)Bring,v., mau mai;pass.mauria mai.Broad,adj., whanui.Broken,adj., whati;motu. (See Break.)Brook,s., manga.Brown,adj., pakaakaa.Build,v., hanga;pass.hangaa.Bury,v., tanu;pass.tanumia.But,conj., otira.Buy,v., hoko;pass.hokoa.By,prep.,1.of agent, after passive verbs, e;2.of agent or instrument, after neuter verbs, adjectives &c., i;3.of direction, ma.Call,v., karanga;pass.karangatia.Calm,adj., marino.Can,v. n., ahei (not followed by a preposition).Canoe,s., waka.Carry,v., kawe;pass.kawea.—on the shoulders, pikau;pass.pikaua.Catch,v., hopu;pass.hopukia.Cause,s., take.Cautious,adj., tupato.Chain,s., mekameka.Charcoal,s., waro.Cheek,s., paapaaringa.Chest, the,s., poho.Chief,s., rangatira.Child,s., tamaiti;pl.tamariki.Chin,s., kauwae.Choose,v., whiriwhiri;pass.whiriwhiria.Claw,s., matikuku.Clean,adj., ma.Climb,v. n., piki;pass.pikitia,be climbed up or over.Clod,s., pai oneone.Clothes,s., kakahu.Cloud,s., kapua.Coast,s., tahatai.Cold,s., huka.Cold,adj., matao.Come,v. n., haere mai.Command,v., whakaháu;pass.whakaháua.Companion,s., hoa.Consent,v., whakaáe (followed by prep.ki);pass.whakaáetia,be agreed to.Consumed,part., pau.Cooked,adj., maoa.Cool,adj., matao.Corpse,s., tupapaku.Courtyard,s., marae.Cover,s.(lid &c.), taupoki;(cloth &c.) hipoki.Cover,v., taupoki;pass.taupokina;hipoki;pass.hipokina.Cry,v., tangi (followed by prep.ki);pass.tangihia,be cried for.Cure,v., whakaóra;pass.whakaórangia.Current,s., au.Cut,v., tapahi;pass.tapahia.Dark,adj., pouri.Daughter,s., tamahine.Dawn,s., puaotanga.Day,s., ra.Daylight,s., awatea.Dead,adj., mate.Deaf,adj., turi.Deceive,v., maminga;pass.mamingatia.Deep,adj., hohonu.Dig,v., keri;pass.keria.Dirty,adj., poke.Distant,adj., tawhiti.Dive for,v., ruku;pass.rukuhia.Dog,s., kuri.Door,s., tatau.Doorway,s., kuwaha.Down, adv., iho.Drag,v., to;pass.toia.Dream,s., moemoeaa.Drink,v., inu;pass.inumia.Drive,v., a;pass.aia.Drop,s., pata.Drop,v. n.(as water), maturuturu;(as anything solid), marere.Duck,s., paarera.Dust,s., puehu.Dwell,v. n., noho;pass.nohoia, be dwelt in.Ear,s., taringa.Earth,s., oneone.Eat,v., kai;pass.kainga.Ebb,v. n., timu.Elbow,s., tuke.Embrace,v., awhi;pass.awhitia.Empty,adj., takoto kau.Enemy,s., hoariri.Enlarge,v., whakanúi;pass.whakanúia.Enter,v., tomo;pass.tomokia.Equal,adj., rite.Evening,s., ahiahi.Eye,s., kanohi.Eyebrow,s., tukemata.Face,s., mata.Faint,adj., hemo.Fall,v. n.(from an upright position), hinga;pass.hingaia,be fallen upon.— (as water), rere.— (as a landslip &c.), horo.— off, taka.Farewell! (if the person addressed is going) Haere ra!(if remaining) Hei kona!Fat,s., ngako.Fat,adj., momona.Father,s., paapaa.Fear,v., wehi (followed by prep.ki);pass.wehingia.Feed,v., whangai;pass.whangaia.Female,adj., wahine;(of animals), uha.Fence,s., taiepa.Fetch,v., tiki;pass.tikina.Few,adj., torutoru.Fight,v., whawhai (followed by prep.ki);pass.whawhaitia.Find,v., kite;pass.kitea.Finger,s., maikara.Finger-nail,s., maikuku.Fire,s., ahi.Firm,adj., u.Fish,s., ika.Flame,s., mura.Flat,adj., pararahi.Flesh,s., kiko.Float,v. n., maanu.Flood,s., waipuke.Flower,s., puaawai.Fly,s., namu.Fog,s., kohu.Follow,v., whai;pass.whaia.Foot,s., waewae.For,prep., mo; ma.Forehead,s., rae.Form,s., ahua.Friend,s., hoa.Frost,s., huka.Fuel,s., wahie.Full,adj., ki.Gate,s., tatau.Gateway,s., kuwaha.Girl,s., kotiro.Give,v., homai; hoatu;pass.homai; hoatu;(mai denoting directiontowards,atuaway fromthe speaker).Glad,adj., koa.Go,v. n., haere;pass.haerea,be travelled over.God,s., atua.Gone,part., riro.Good,adj., pai.Grandfather, or grandmother,s., tupuna;pl.tuupuna.Grey hairs,s., hina.Ground,s., oneone.Guide,s., kai arahi.Gun,s., pu.Hair,s., makawe.Hand,s., ringaringa.Hang,v. n., iri.—v. a., whakaíri.Hard,adj., pakeke.Hatchet,s., paatiitii.Have,v.See part I,§ 71.Head,s., upoko.Headache,s., anini.Hear,v., rongo;pass.rangona.Heat,s., werawera.Heaven,s., rangi.Heavy,adj., taimaha.Heel,s., rekereke.Height,s., tiketike.Hence,adv., i konei.Henceforth,adv., a mua ake nei.Herd,s., kahui.Here,adv., ki konei;kei konei;i konei;hei konei.Hereafter,adv., a muri nei.Hide,v., huna;pass.hunaa.High,adj., tiketike.Hill,s., puke.His,def., tana;pl.ana;tona;pl.ona.Hither,adv., ki konei.Hold,v., pupúri;pass.puritia.Hole,s., rua.Hollow,adj., puare.Holy,adj., tapu.Hook,s., matau.Hoop,s., whiti.Hope for,v., tumanako (followed by prep.ki);pass.tumanakohia.Hot,adj., wera.House,s., whare.How,adv., pehea.Hunger,s., hemokai.Hungry,adj., hemokai.Husband,s., tane.I,pron., ahau.Idle,adj., mangere.If,conj., ki te mea;me he mea. (See§ 41.)Ignorant,adj., kuware.Impatient,adj., whaawhai.In,prep., ki roto i;kei roto i;i roto i;hei roto i. (See§ 70.)Ink,s., mangumangu.Inside, the,s., roto. (See§ 10.)Into,prep., ki roto ki.Interpret,v., whakamáori;pass.whakamáoritia.Interval,s., takiwa.Iron,s., rino.Jaw,s., kauwae.Join,v., hono;pass.honoa.Joint,s., pona.Judge,s., kai whakarite whakawa.Just,adj., tika.Keep, v. (retain), pupúri;pass.puritia;(take care of), tiaki;pass.tiakina.Kill,v., patu;pass.patua.Kind,adj., atawhai.Knee,s., turi.Kneel,v., tuturi.Knot,s., pona.Know,v., matau (followed by prep.ki);pass.matauria.Lame,adj., kopa.Land,s., whenua.Language,s., reo.Large,adj., nui.Last,adj., whakamútunga.Laugh,v. n., kata;pass.kataina,be laughed at.Law,s., ture.Lay.,v., whakatákoto;pass.whakatákotoria.Leaf,s., rau.Leap,v. n., tupeke.Learn,v., ako;pass.akonaLeft,part., mahue.Left hand, ringa maui.Leg,s., waewae.Length,s., roa.Letter,s., pukapuka.Lest,conj., kei.Lie,v. n., takoto.Lie,s., korero teka.Life,s., oranga.Lift,v., hapai;pass.hapainga.Light,adj.(not heavy), maamaa.Light,adj.(not dark), maarama.Line,s.(cord), aho.Lip,s., ngutu.Listen,v. n., whakaróngo (followed by prep.ki).Little,adj., iti;pl.ririki.Long,adj., roa.Look at,v., titiro (followed by prep.ki);pass.tirohia.Loose,adj., korokoro.Loosen,v., wewéte;pass.wetekia.Love,s., aroha.Low,adj., hakahaka.Mad,adj., porangi.Maize,s., kaanga.Make,v., hanga;pass.hangaa.Male,adj.(human), tane;(of animals), toa.Man,s., tangata.Manure,s., wairakau.Many,adj., maha.Marry,v., marena;pass.marenatia.Medicine,s., rongoa.Meet,v., tutaki (followed by prep.ki).Melt,v., whakaréwa;pass.whakaréwaina.Middle, the,s., waenganui.Midnight,s., waenganui po.Milk,s., waiu.Mine,pron., naku.Mind,s., hinengaro.Mix,v., whakanánu;pass.whakanánua.Month,s., marama.Moon,s., marama.Mother,s., whaea.Move,v., neke;pass.nekehia.Mountain,s., maunga.Mouth,s., mangai.Murder,v., kohuru;pass.kohurutia.My,pron., taku;pl.aku;toku;pl.oku.Name,s., ingoa.Narrow,adj., whaiti.Nation,s., iwi.Near,adj., tata.Neck,s., kakii.Nest,s., kohanga.Net,s., kupenga.New,adj., hou.Night,s., po.No,adv., kahore.Noise,s., turituri.Nose,s., ihu.Now,adv., aianei.Oar,s., hoe.Of,prep., a; o.Oil,s., hinu.On,prep., ki runga i;kei runga i;i runga i;hei runga i. (See§ 70.)One,adj., kotáhi.Open,adj., puare.Open,v., whakapúare.Orphan,s., pani.Outside, the,s., waho.Oyster,s., tio.Pain,s., mamae.Palm (of the hand),s., kapu.Parent,s., matua;pl.maatua.Part,s., wahi.Past,adj., pahure.Path,s., ara.Peace,s., rongo mau.Make peace, hohóu rongo;pass.houhia te rongo.Peace is made, ka mau te rongo.Perhaps,adv., pea.Pig,s., poaka.Pigeon,s., kukupa.Pity,v., atawhai;pass.atawhaitia.Plait,v., whiri;pass.whiria.Play,v., takaro.Pleasant,adj., ahuareka.Pluck up,v., huhuti;pass.hutia.Point,s., matamata.Pool,s., roto.Poor,adj., rawakore.Possessing,adj., whai, (the thing possessed being treatedlike an adjective qualifying whai;)whai pukapuka,book-possessing.Praise,v., whakapái;pass.whakapáingia.Pray,v., inoi;pass.inoia.Present,s., mea hoatu noa.Price,s., utu.Prick,v., wero;pass.werohia.Pull,v., kukume;pass.kumea.Push,v., pana;pass.panaa.Question,v., patai;pass.pataia.Quick,adj., tere.Quiet,adj., ata noho.Rain,s., ua.Rainbow,s., uenuku.Raise,v., hapai;pass.hapainga.Ram,v., tuki;pass.tukia.Rat,s., kiore.Raw,adj., kaiota.Read,v., korero pukapuka;pass.korerotia.Receive,v., tango;pass.tangohia.Refuse,v., whakakíno;pass.whakakínongia.Reject,v., whakarére;pass.whakarérea.Religion,s., karakia.Remain,v. n.(in a place), noho;(as a residue), toe.Remainder,s., toenga.Rest,v., okioki.Return,v., hoki.Rib,s., rara.Rich,adj., whai-taonga.Riches,s., taonga.Rider,s., kai eke hoiho.Right,adj., tika.Right (hand),adj., matau.Ring,s., mowhiti.Ripe,adj., maoa.Rise,v., ara.River,s., awa.Road,s., huarahi.Roast,v., tunu;pass.tunua.Rob,v., pahua;pass.pahuatia.Rock,s., kamaka.Roll,v., huri;pass.hurihia.Roof,s., tuanui.Root,s., pakiaka.Rope,s., taura.Rotten,adj., pirau.Rough,adj., taratara.Round,adj., porotaka.Row,v., hoe;pass.hoea.Row,s., rarangi.Rub,v., muku;pass.mukua.Run,v., oma;pass.omakia,be run for.Rust,s., waikura.Sad,adj., pouri.Sail,s., ra.Salt,s., tote.Save,v., whakaóra;pass.whakaórangia.Saw,s., kani.Say,v., ki;pass.kiia.Sea,s., moana.Search for,v., rapu;pass.rapua.Seat,s., nohoanga.Second,adj., tuarua.Secret,adj., ngaro.See,v., kite;pass.kitea.Seed,s., purapura.Seize,v., hopu;pass.hopukia.Sell,v., hoko;pass.hokoa.Send,v., tono;pass.tonoa;(Not used of sending inanimate things, presents &c.:in such cases usehoatu,orhomai.)Servant,s., kai mahi.Sew,v., tuitui;pass.tuituia.Shadow,s., ata.Shady,adj., marumaru.Shake,v. n., oioi.Shake,v. a., whakaoíoi;pass.whakaoíoia.Shame,s., whakamá.Shape,s., ahua.Shark,s., mango.Sharp,adj., koi.Sharpen,v., whakakói;pass.whakakóia.Shew,v., whakaátu;pass.whakaáturia.Ship,s., kaipuke.Shiver,v. n., wiri.Shoot,v., pupúhi;pass.puhia.Short,adj., poto.Shoulder,s., pokohiwi.Shout,v., hamama.Sick,adj., mate.Sickness,s., mate.Side,s., taha.Sift,v., taatari;pass.taataria.Sin,s., hara.Sing,v., waiata;pass.waiatatia.Single,adj., kotáhi.Sink,v., totóhu.Sister,s.(a man's), tuahine;(a woman's elder), tuakana;(a woman's younger), teina.Sit,v. n., noho;pass.nohoia,be sat upon.Skin,s., kiri.Skull,s., angaanga.Sky,s., kikorangi.Sleep,v. n., moe.Sleepy,adj., hiamoe.Slip,v. n., paheke.Slippery,adj., mania.Slow,adj., puhoi.Small,adj., nohinohi.Smear,v., pani;pass.pania.Smell,v., hongi;pass.hongia.Smell,s., haunga.Smoke,s., auahi.Smooth,adj., maeneene.Snow,s., hukarere.So,adv.(in that manner), pena; pera. (See§ 18.)Soft,adj., ngohengohe.Soil,s., oneone.Sole of the foot,s., raparapa.Solid,adj., maaroo.Some,def., tetahi;pl.etahi.Son,s., tama.Son-in-law,s., hunaonga.Sow,v., rui;pass.ruia.Space,s., takiwa.Spade,s., kaheru.Speak,v., korero;pass.korerotia.Spittle,s., huware.Split,v., wawáhi;pass.wahia.Sprained,adj., taui.Spring (of water),s., puna.Square,adj., tapawha.Staff,s., tokotoko.Stand,v., tu.Star,s., whetuu.Start,v. n., oho.Stay,v. n., noho.Steal,v., tahae;pass.tahaetia.Steep,adj., poupou.Stalk,s., kakau.Stomach,s., puku.Stone,s., kowhatu.Stoop,v., tuohu.Storm,s., tupuhi.Straight,adj., tika.Strange,adj., ke.Straw,s., taakakau.Strength,s., kaha.Strike,v., patu;pass.patua.String,s., aho.Strong,adj., kaha.Stumble,v. n., tuutuki.Suck,v., ngote;pass.ngotea.Summer,s., raumati.Summit,s., tihi.Sun,s., ra.Swallow,v., horo;pass.horomia.Swamp,s., repo.Sweat,s., kakáwa.Sweet,adj., reka.Swell,v. n., pupúhi.Swim,v. n., kauhoe.Take,v., tango;pass.tangohia.Talk,v., korero;pass.korerotia.Tall,adj., roa.Tame,adj., rata.Teach,v., whakaáko;pass.whakaákona.Tear,s., roimata.Tear,v., haehae;pass.haea.Tell,v., korero;pass.korerotia.Than,conj., i.That,def., tena;tera;taua. (See§ 18.)Then,adv., i reira;ko reira.Thence,adv., i reira;i kona;i ko. (See§ 10.)There,adv., ki reira;kei reira;i reira;hei reira;ki kona &c.;ki ko &c. (See§§ 10and69.)Thick,adj., matotoru.Thief,s., tahae.Thigh,s., huha.Thin,adj., rahirahi.Thine,pron., nau.Thing,s., mea.Think of,v., mahara (followed by prep.ki);pass.maharatia.Thirst,s., matewai.This,def., tenei;pl.enei.Thither,adv., ki kona;ki ko;ki reira. (See§ 10.)Thorn,s., koikoi.Thread,s., miro.Throat,s., korokoro.Through; to go or come through,v. n., puta.Throw,v., maka;pass.makaa.Thumb,s., koromatua.Thunder,s., whatitiri.Thus,adv., penei.Thy,def., tau;pl.au;tou;pl.ou;to;pl.o. (See§ 19.)Tide,s., tai;flood tide, tai pari;ebb tide, tai timu.Tie,v., here;pass.herea.Tight,adj., kikii.Tip,s., matamata.To-day,adv., aianei;ináianei;nonáianei.Toe,s., maikara.To-morrow,adv., apopo.Tooth,s., niho.Top, the,s., runga. (See§ 10.)Trample on,v., takahi;pass.takahia.Translate,v., whakamáori;pass.whakamáoritia.Tree,s., rakau.Tremble,v. n., wiri.Trench,s., manga.Trouble,s., raruraru.True,adj., pono.Try,v., whakamátau;pass.whakamátauria.Turn,v., huri;pass.hurihia.Twins,s., maahanga.Twist,v., whiri;pass.whiria.Udder,s., u.Uncle,s., matua keekee.Under,prep., ki raro ki;ki raro i;kei raro i;i raro i;hei raro i. (See§ 70.)Untie,v., wewéte;pass.wetekia.Utter,v., whakapúaki;pass.whakapúakina.Upper,adj., to runga. (See§ 10.)Valley,s., awaawa.Vein,s., uaua.Very,adv., tino; rawa. (See§ 67.)Voice,s., reo.Vomit,v., ruaki;pass.ruakina.Wade,v. n., kau.Wait for,v., tatári (followed by prep.ki);pass.taaria.Walk,v. n., haere.War,s., riri.Warm,adj., mahana.Wash,v., horoi;pass.horoia.Water,s., wai.Wave,s., ngaru.Way,s., ara.Weak,adj., ngoikore.Weary,adj., ngenge.Weave,v., whatu;pass.whatua.Wedge,s., ora.Weed,s., otaota.Weep for,v., tangi (followed by prep.ki);pass.tangihia.Weigh,v., pauna;pass.paunatia.Well (in health),adj., ora.Wet,adj., maakuu.Whale,s., tohora.What,pron., aha.When,adv.(past), nonahea;(future), a hea.Whence,adv., i hea.Where,adv., ki hea;kei hea;i hea;hei hea. (See§ 69.)Which,def., tehea;pl.ehea.Whistle,v. n., whio.Whither,adv., ki hea;ko hea.Why,adv., he aha (followed byai);he aha koe i haere ai?why did you go?Wife,s., wahine.Wild,adj., maaka.Wing,s., parirau.Wink,v., whakakíni.Winter,s., hotoke.Wipe,v., ukui;pass.ukuia.Wish for,v., hiahia (followed by prep.ki);pass.hiahiatia.With,prep., ki.Woman,s., wahine.Wood,s., rakau.Word,s., kupu.Work,v., mahi;pass.mahia.Wounded,adj., tu.Wrap,v., takai;pass.takaia.Write,v., tuhituhi;pass.tuhituhia.Wrong,adj., he.Yawn,v., tuwaharoa.Year,s., tau.Yes,adv., ae.Young,adj., tamariki.Yesterday,adv., inanahi.
Berlin, printed byUngerbrothers, Printers to the King.
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