Reeding, 2/10,s.reading, study. A.S.rédan.Reeke, 10/24,v.smoke. A.S.rêcan.Refraine, 48/1,v.stop, prevent.Rehersed, 45/1,pp.mentioned, named. Fr.rehercer, properly to go over again like a harrow (Fr.herce) over a ploughed field.Reisons, 34/21,s. pl.currants. "Raysouns of Corante."—Pegge's Forme of Cury, ed. 1780, p. 16.Relent, 23/11,v.become soft.Rendrit, 24,v.= render it,i.e.return, requite it.Rent, 55/7,pp.torn, plucked.Rept, 18/43,pp.reaped, gained.Resdue, 48/19,s.residue, remainder. Fr.résidu. Lat.residuum.Respe, 15/27,Respies, 44/12,s.Raspberries.Respit, 70/4,s.rest, respite.Restfull, 106/2,adj.full of rest, resting.Retcheles, 10/23,adj.reckless, careless. A.S.recceleas.Reuengement, 9/18,s.revenge.Rew, 45/18,s.rue.Rife, 98/1,adj.abundant, common.Rifle, 17/14,s."a rifle or ruffle is no more than a bent stick standing on the butt of a sithe-handle."—T.R. Now called abale.Rigging, 16/37,pr. p.making free with, knocking about.Rigs, 15/37,v. pr. t.make free with.Ringle, 33/54,v. imp.ring, put rings through the snouts.Ringling, 16/32,v.ringing of swine to prevent their tearing up the ground.Riping, 37/7, ripening.Rikes, 53/10,s. pl.ricks. A.S.hreac, a heap.Rise, 40/5a,s.rice.Rishes, 75/6,s. pl.rushes. A.S.risce. Lat.ruscum.Riuet, 19/16,s.bearded wheat. "Dog-wheat, a bearded species, called in Mark-lane,rivets."—Forby.Rode, 57/36,s.harbour.Roinish, 102/1,adj.mean, rough, coarse. Fr.rogneux. "The roynish clown."—Shakspere, As You Like It, ii. 2.Roister like, 98/3, blustering. "They ruffle androistit out." Harrison's Eng. ed. F. J. Furnivall, New Shakspere Soc. Pt. I, p. 77. "This is the veryroysterthat gagg'd and bound me, Sir."—The Reformation, 1673.Rokat, 40/13,s.garden rocket. Fr.roquette. Eruca sativa.—Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633.Roong, 15/29,pp.have rings put through their noses to prevent them from tearing up the ground.Roperipe, 92/3,s.one old enough to be flogged. "Deserving of hanging."—Howell, 1660.Roste, 63/19,s.rule the roste = domineer, have the sway. According to Richardson equivalent to "rule the roost," an expression of which every farm yard would supply an explanation.Rottenly, 18/11,adj.rich, crumbly.Roule, 17/8,s.a rule, measure.Roules, 10/54,v.roll in, bring in.Rowe, 36/12,s.row, a rowe = in a row.Rowen, 57/25, aftermath of mown meadows. "Rowenis a field kept up till after Michaelmas, that the corn left on the ground may sprout into green."—Bailey's Dict. SeeRawingabove, and Rawings in Ray's Gloss.Rowleth, 46/15,v. pr. t.roll. O. Fr.roler, Ger.rollen, from Lat.rotulare.Rubstone, 17/14,s.a sandstone for a scythe. "The rub or buckle stone which husbandmen doo occupie in the whetting of their sithes."—Harrison, Description of England, Pt. 2, p. 64.Rudenes, 2/9,s.want of refinement, plainness, homeliness.Ruffen, 98/3,s.ruffian, scoundrel.Runciuall peas, 41/9,s. pl.marrow-fatpeas. Supposed to be derived from Span.Roncesvalles, a town at the foot of the Pyrenees, where gigantic bones of old heroes were pretended to be shown; hence the name was applied to anything of a size larger than usual.Runnagate, 77/17, runaway. "White-liveredrunagate."—Shakspere, Richard III. iv. 4.Runt-wood, page 84, footnote 8,s.stumps of underwood. "Neither young poles nor old runts are suitable for building."—Holland.Rydgis, 16/9,s. pl.ridges.S.Sad, 17/12,adj.disappointed, vexed.Saddle, 35/37,s.the saddle, riding. We still say "a saddle horse," "a cart horse," meaning a horse for riding or carting.Saile, 114/23,s.sail, beare low saile = to live humbly or economically. "Than bear solow a sail, to strike to thee."—Shakspere, 3 Hen. VI. v. 1. Cf. also 3 Henry VI. iii. 3.Sallets, 40/1,s. pl.salads.Sallow, 22/26,s.a species of willow. A.S.salig.Salue, 4/2,s.ointment, salve.Sampire, 40/6,s.samphire.Crithmum marinum.—Gerard's Herball, 1633."Half way down,Hangs one that gatherssamphire, dreadful trade."—Shakspere, Lear, iv. 6.Sauer, 10/10,s.scent, inkling.Sauer, 77/3, a person to look after and see that things are not wasted.Sauerie, 39/35,s.savoury. Fr.savorée. Lat.satureja.Sauerlie, 9/3,adj.frugal, gained by saving.Sauin, 45/22,s.savin.Juniperus sabina, Linn.Sawsie, 114/35,adj.saucy, impudent.Saxefrage, 44/13,s.saxifrage. Lat.saxifraga, fromsaxum, a rock, andfrango, to break, being supposed to disintegrate the rocks, in the crevices of which it grows, and thence to dissolve stone in the bladder. Called in ScotlandThirlstane, which has the same meaning.Scaberd, 102/2,s.scabbard.Scamble, 51/7,v.scramble for.Scant, 56/52,adj.scarce, wanting.Scant, 114/24,adv.scarcely. So in Bacon's "Table of Coulers," I. "The Epicure that willscantindure the Stoic to be in sight of him." Cf. also Romeo and Juliet, i. 2.Scanted, 2/14,adj.limited, stinted, grudged. Cf. also noteE317.Scape, 97/1,v.escape, get off.Scare, 56/13,v. imp.drive away.Scotch, 33/17,v. pr. t.cut, hew.Scoutwatch, 10/19,s.watch, guard.Scowles, 10/23,v. pr. t.scowls, frowns, is ill-tempered.Scrall, 49/c, v. pr. t.crawl. "To scrall, stir,motito—Coles' Lat. Dict. "And the river shallscralwith frogs."—Wiclif, Exodus viii. 3.Scrauling, 49/9,pr. p.crawling.Scruplenes, page 4,s.scruples, scrupulousness. Lat.scrupulus, a little stone such as may get into a traveller's shoe and distress him; hence, a source of doubt or distress.Sea holie, 40/17,s.sea-hulfer, sea-holm; a plant of the genusEryngium(E. maritimum). A.S.hulfer, holly.Sealed, 17/18,adj.certified, stamped.Seame, 21/2,s.a quarter of corn. A.S.seam.Secresie, 9/20,s.secrets, private concerns.Sedge collars, 17/12,s. pl.collars made of sedge or reeds.Seede, 51/12,v.obtain seed from.Seede cake, 90/7, "a festival so called at the end of wheat-sowing in Essex and Suffolk, when the village is to be treated with seed cakes, pasties, etc."—Warton.Seeith, 19/41,v. imp.boil.Seeke, 10/24,v.seek, "their dinners to seeke" = their dinners have to be sought, i.e. are lacking.Seelie, 48/21,adj.silly, simple. A.S.sælig. O. L. Ger.salig.Seene, 95/1,adj.practised, experienced."Its a schoolmasterWellseenin music."—Shakspere, Taming of Shrew, i. 2.Seene, 106/16,v. pt. t.appeared. Lat.visus est.Seeth, 78/5,v. imp.boil.Seeue, 17/3,s.sieve, sifter.Seggons, 85/6,s. pl.poor labourers. "Seg-head, a blockhead."—CravenCf.Segger, Chester Plays, ii. 51.Sell, 114/21,s.cell, abbey.Semsters, 86/7,s. plneedlewomen, seamstresses. A.S.seamestre.Seruice-trees, 34/24,s. pl.more correctly speltServise-tree, from Lat.cervisia, its fruit having from ancient times been used for making a fermented liquor, a kind of beer.Seruiture, 99/1,s.servant, attendant.Set, 36/25,v. imp.plant round, set.Set, 35/45,s.the young shoots.Setteth, 10/60,v. pr. t.risks. "Setteth his soule upon sixe or on seauen" = "risks his soul on the cast of a die."Seuer, 15/40,v. imp.separate, sort.Seuerall, title,adj.inclosed land, divided into fields by fences. L. Lat.separalis.Sewe, 15/17,v. imp.drain. Cf. sewer. Welsh,sych, dry. Cf. Lat.siccus. See Pegge's Kenticisms.Shackles, 17/21,s. pl.shackles. A.S.scacul. Dutch,schakel, a link of a chain.Shack time, 16/30,s.the time during which the shaken-out grain remains on the ground after harvest. "Shack, Norfolk, a general common for hogs, from the end of harvest till seed time. To go atshack, to go at large."—Coles' Dict. 1676. Brockett's Glossary gives: "Shack, shak,to shed, or shake, as corn in harvest. Thenshack-fork, a shake-fork." "Shacking-time, the season when malt is ripe."—Kersey's Eng. Dict. 1715. Wedgwood (Eng. Etym.) says: "Shack is the shaken grain remaining on the ground when the gleaning is over, the fallen mast (Forby). Hence toshack, to turn pigs or poultry into the stubble field to feed on the scattered grain.Shack, liberty of winter pasturage, when the cattle are allowed to rove over the tillage land." Forby gives "Shack, sb. the acorns or mast under the trees." Compare the provincial "Shucks," the pods or shells from which peas have beenshaken, or, as it is frequently called, "shook."Share, 52/1,v.shear.Shares, 17/10,s.plough shares.Sharing, 17/16,adj.shearing.Shaue, 17/6,s.spokeshave.Sheawd, 102/7,pp.shown, displayed.Shed, 57/7,v.lose the grains of corn.Sheepebiter, 64/17,s.a thief, lit. a wolf, a cant phrase. See Halliwell, s.v.Shent, 57/45,pp.ruined, disgraced. A.S.scendan.Shere, 3/7,s.shire, county. A.S.scire.Shift, 9/39,v.manage, fare.Shift, 104/1,s.excuse, makeshift.Shifting, 95/5,adj.changing, often removing.Shifting, 10/27, 10/34,v.trickery, cheating, acting shiftingly.Shiftingly, 9/26,adv.by tricks or mean shifts.Shock, 56/20,s.a certain number of bundles or sheaves of corn (in some parts twelve). "Ashockeof wheate,meta tritici."—Withal's Dict. 1608.Shock, 57/10,v. imp.collect intoshocksor heaps of twelve sheaves.Shod, 17/6,pp.tired.Sholue, 17/1,s.shovel.Shoo, 102/2,s.pl. shoes. A.S.sceo, a shoe, pl.sceon.Shot, 114/40,s.expense, reckoning.Showreth out, 14/3,v. pr. t.is showery, rainy weather.Shreaw, 16/17,s.thief, rascal, 67/24,s.shrew, scold. SeeShrew.Shred pies, 31/3,s. pl.mince pies, the meat being cut up intoshreds. A.S.screâdan, small pieces. "No matter for plomb-porridge orshrid pies."—Sheppard's Epigrams, 1651.Shrew, 64*/6,s.scold. "Shrewe,pravus. Schrewyd,pravatus, depravatus."—Prompt. Parv.Shroftide, 90/3,s.Shrove Tuesday, the day before the first day of Lent.Shrouing, 90/3,s.to be merry, probably derived from the sports and merriment of Shrovetide. See Halliwell, s.v. Shrove.Shut,v.51/5, shoot, throw; 37/13, shoot out, spring up.Sieth, 35/25,s.scythe. A.S. siðe.Siethes, 39/39,s. pl.chives, spelt in Hollyband's Dict. 1593,sieves, from Fr.cive, Allium fissile, L.Sirops, 91/3,s. pl.sirups.Siszers, 17/4,s.scissors.Sithe, 17/14,s.scythe.Skare, 2/7,v.frighten. Icel.skirra= to drive away.Skared, 69/4,pp.frightened, cheated of.Skavel, 17/19,s.a kind of spade, having its sides slightly turned up, used in draining, and cleaning narrow ditches. Comparescuffle, a garden hoe, andshovel.Skep, 17/3,s.a basket made of rushes or straw.Skill, 114/38,s.plan, design.Skillesse, 113/4,adj.simple, homely.Skirrets, 40/19,s. pl.the water-parsnip.Sium latifolium, contracted fromskirwort, its older name, a corruption ofsugar-wort. Ger.zucker-wurzel.Skreene, 90/2,s.fire-screen. See noteE453.Skreine, 17/16,s.sieve, screen. O. Fr.escrein.Skuppat, 17/19,s.a spade used in draining and making narrow ditches. Belgianschup, a spade.Skuttle, 17/16,s.a screen for cleaning corn, i.e. a large broad and shallow shovel for casting threshed corn from one side of the barn to the other that light grains and dust may fall short.Slab, 15/35,s.the outside cut of sawn timber.Slabbered, 48/20,pp.dirtied, beslobbered. L. Ger. and Dut.slabbern.Slained, 106/15,pp.slain, murdered, but perhaps we should readstained.Slake, 1/4,v.to slacken.Slapsauce, 98/2,s."a parasite."—Minsheu. "A lickedish, a lickerish fellow, aslapsawce."—Nomenclator, 1585.*Slapt, 72e,pp.Slea, 107/3,v.slay, kill. A.S.slean.Sled, 17/11,s.sledge, truck. Ger. and Dutchslede. Icel.sledi. A.S.slidan, to slide.Slept, 90/1,pp.slipt, forgotten, omitted.Slise, 35/20,v. imp.slice, cut.Sliuers, 23/1,s. pl.pieces of split wood, chips. A.S.slifan.Slugging, 75/1,s.lying late in bed.Sluts, 75/5,s. pl.slovens, slatterns. Ger.schlutte. Dutchslet.Smack, 57/24, a pleasant repast.Smalach, 45/20,s.celery, or water parsley. Thesmall acheor parsley as compared with thehipposelinumor great parsley.Small nuts, 34/22,Smalnut, 33/57,s.hazel nuts.Snag dragons, 43/30,s. pl.snapdragons, so called from its corolla resembling thesnapor snout. Dut.snebof some animal. Called by Lyte "Calf's snowte."Snorting, 9/16,adj.snoring, sleepy. A.S.snora, a snoring.Snudgeth, 62/2,v. pr. t.is economical or saving, or, works quietly or snugly. In Lanc.snidge. A.S.snid. Danishsnedig, cunning. 'Thus your husbandrye, methincke, is much more like the life of a covetoussnudge, that ofte very evill proves, then the labour of a goode husbande, that knoweth well what he doth."—Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 6.Sockle, 35/30,v. imp.suckle, provide with milk.Sod, 22/27,pp.boiled.Soketh, 19/2,v. pr. t.wets, soaks.Soles, 17/21,s. pl.a collar of wood, put round the neck of cattle to confine them to the post.Sollen, 89/13,adj.sullen, sulky.Soller, 57/5,s.garret, loft, or upper room. "Solarium, an upper room, chamber, or garret which in some parts of England is still called asollar."—Kennett, Gloss. p. 134.Sooth, 10/61,v.to flatter.Sops in wine, 43/31,s.a kind of pink resembling a carnation; the clove pink. "The rose and speckled flowre cald sops-in-wine."—The Affectionate Shepheard, 1594.Sorell, 39/36,s.sorrell. Fr.surelle, a dimin. from L. Ger.suur= sour, from the acidity of the leaves.Rumex acetosa, L.Sost, 48/20,pp.dirty, foul. "Of any one that mixes several slops, or makes any place wet or dirty, we say in Kent, he makes asoss."—Kennett MS.Souse, 12/5,s.pig's feet and ears pickled.Soutage, 57/51,s.bagging for hops, or coarse cloth. See More's MS. Additions to Ray's North Country Gloss.Southly, 16/20,adv.facing the south.Sowce, 19/37,v. imp.steep in brine, pickle.Sower, 35/51,adj.sour.Spare, 113/3,v.economize, be sparing.Spareth, 10/35,v. pr. t.are economical, save.Spars, 33/16,s. pl.rafters.Speedfull, 52/13,adj.useful, profitable.Speeding, 2/10,s.progress, success.Speered, 84/5,pp.sprouted, a term in malting. "Ispyeras corne dothe whan it begynneth to waxe rype,je espie."—Palsgrave.Spent, 15/41,pp.used, consumed.Sperage, 40/18,s.asparagus. Lemery in his Treatise on Foods, 1704, gives as the etymology:ab aspergendo, sprinkling, because 'tis convenient to water them!Spials, 64/12,s. pl.spies. Fr.épier. O. Fr.espier, whence ourespy, spy. Low Lat.espia.Spide, 2/9,v. pr. t.beheld, saw.Spight, 57/13,s.as a spite or grief to.Spight, 97/6,v.spite, be unpropitious.Spil, 102/6,v. pr. t.spoil, ruin.Spilled, 50/6,Spilt, 56/54,pp.ruined, spoilt. A.S.spillan.Spring, 48/11,s.young buds of felled underwood.Spurlings, 12/5,s. pl.smelts. "Spurlin, a smelt, Fr.esperlan."—Skinner. Sparling, smelts of the Thames.—Brockett's N. C. Glossary. "First a sprat, then a small sparling, then a sparling."—R. Holme, p. 325.Squatteth, 16/38,v. pr. t.sit or crouch down. Welshyswatian, to squat, lie flat.Squier, 10/57,s.squire, gentleman.Stadled, 48/8,pp."to stadle a Wood is to leave at certain distances a sufficient number of young trees to replenish it."—T.R.Staddles, 47/9,Stadles, 48/9,s. pl.young growing trees left after cutting underwood.Staid, 2/8,v. pt. t.kept, detained.Staie, 10/7,s.means of support.Staie, 19/40,v.prevent, stop.Staied, 60/9,adj.steady, staid.Stalfed, 21/11,adj.stall-fattened.Stamp, 18/48,v. imp.bruise, pound.Stands thee upon, 10/39, are suitable, proper for. Tostanda persononisto be incumbentupon him,it is his duty.—Wilbraham, Gloss. of Cheshire Words, 1818.Star of Bethlehem, 43/34,s.Star of Bethlehem.Ornithogalum umbellatum, a bulbous plant having a white star-like flower, like pictures of the stars that indicated Our Lord's birth.Star of Jerusalem, 43/35,s.perhaps sunflower or turn-sole. Ital.girasole, familiarized intoJerusalem.Stay, 114/31,s.rest, quiet.Steade, 63/3,s.in steade = to advantage.*Stede, 19,v.suffice, profit.Steelie, 19/12,adj.hard, firm.Steepe, 46/6,adj.a steepe = steeply.Steeres, 36/8,s. pl.oxen in their third year. A.S.steor.Sterue, 103/4,v.starve, perish. A.S.steorfan.*Steruelings, 50,s. pl.half-starved animals.Stick, 16/34,v. imp.to stick boards = to arrange them neatly one upon another with sticks between.—T.R.Still, 33/53,v. imp.quiet, stop from growing.Still, 44/1,v.distill.Still, 50/33,s.a still. Lat.stilla, a drop.Stinted, 95/4,pp.appointed, settled.Stirre, 77/6,v.move quickly, bestir herself.Stitchwort, 45/23,s.stitchwort, chickweed,Stellaria media, Linn.Stocke gilleflowers, 43/36,s.now shortened to stock, from stock, the trunk or woody stem of a tree or shrub, added togilliflowerto distinguish it from plants of the pink tribe, called, from their scent,Clove-gilleflowers.Stocks, 22/13,s. pl.young trees.Stoutnes, 9/9,s.force.Stouer, 20/16,s.winter food for cattle, fodder from thrashed corn, whether straw, chaff, or colder (broken ears of corn), from the Old Frenchestavoir, estovoir, estouvier, A.N.estovers, orestouvoir, which denotes, according to Roquefort (Glossaire de la langue Romane), 'provision de tout ce qui est nécessaire.'Strangenes, 3/1,s.strangeness.Strawforke, 17/1,s.a pitchfork.Strawisp, 19/38,s.wisps of straw.Streight waies, 114/8,adv.at once.Strike, 16/9,v. pr. t.striking is the last ploughing before the seed is committed to the earth.—M.Strike, 17/1,s.a bushel measure. "Robert Webb of Shottre oweth me iiijs.iiijd.lent hym in moneyfor making ixstryckeand a half of malt."—Will of John Cocks of Stratford-on-Avon, dated May 27th, 1600.Stripe, 57/5,s."beating upon a Hurdle or some other rough thing."—T.R.Stroieng, 48/17,s.destruction, injury. O. Fr. (de)struire. Lat.struere.Stroken, 35/31,pp.stroked, kindly treated.Strowing, 42/1,adj.for strewing.Stroyal, 10/23,s.waste all, wasteful.Stub, 35/9,s.stump, buie at the stub = buy on the ground. A.S.stybb, allied to Lat.stipes.Stub, 33/47,v. imp.grub up."And badd hym take a mattock anon,Andstubbethe olde rote away,That had stonde there many a day."—MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 129.Stud, 33/16,s.the uprights in a lath and plaster wall. "In manie places there are not above foure, six, or nine inches betweenstudandstud."—Harrison, Pt. I, p. 233.Stur, 62/6,v.move about, exert.Sturs, 63/16,s. pl.disturbances, commotions.Substanciallie, 9/23,adv.in reality, truly.Subtiltie, 9/17,s.cunning, artfulness, deceit.Sucker, 23/4,s.assistance, help, succour.Suckerie, 91/2,Suckery, 39/38,s.succory, the wild endive, chicory. Fr.chicorée, often replaced by fraudulent dealers with dandelion roots,Cichorium Intybus, L.Sudgerne, 10/8,v.settle down. Fr.sojourner. Cf. Barbour's Bruce, E. E. Text Soc. ed. Skeat, 6/26, 16/47, and 20/356.Suer, 84/3,adj.sure, careful. O. Fr.seur, segur. Lat.securus.Suerty, 9/24,s.being security or surety.Suite, 18/49,s.description, kind.Suretie, 10/28,s.security, bail.Swage, 114/26,v.assuage.Swatches, 57/18,s. pl.rows or ranks of barley, etc.Swathes, 55/2,s. pl.the line of grass or corn cut and thrown together by the scythe in mowing. Cotgrave gives: "Gerber des javellesto bind corne ofswathinto sheaues, to sheaue vp corne." "Fœni striga. Monceaux de foin par ordre. Theswatheor strake of grasse, as it lyeth mowne downe with the sithe."—Nomenclator.Sweate, 56/20,s.a sweating,i.e.feel the effects of the heat.Sweete Johns, 43/33,s.a species ofDianthusor pink, called alsoSweet John's-wort.Swerue, 96/42,s.fail, depart.Swill, 78/5,s.hog's-wash.Swim, 10/59,v.to abound, to overflow.Swinge, 52/16,v. imp.cut down with the long swinging scythe used for that purpose.T.Tack, 12/3,Tacke, 76/3,s.substance. A tough piece of meat is said to have plenty oftackin it.Taile, 77/8,s.back.Taint wormes, 65/3,s. pl."A small red spider calledtaintis by the country people accounted a deadly poison to cows and horses."—Sir T. Browne.Tale, 83/4,s.tally, reckoning.Talent, 59/9,s.the gifts and powers entrusted by God. Of course the reference is to the Parable.Tallie, 78/2,s.score, bill, charge.Tallwood, 53/12,s.wood cut for billets. "Tall woode, pacte wodde to make byllettes of,taillee."—Palsgrave.Tampring, 17/16,v.tempering, mixing, thus the Bible speaks of "untemperedmortar."Tane, 66/1,pp.taken.Tanzie, 39/40,s.tansy,Tanacetum vulgare, Linn.Tapple up taile, 21/14. See noteE125.Tarie, 16/11,v.delay, keep back.Tarragon, 40/21,s.tarragon.Tragum vulgare.—Gerard's Herball. Used for perfuming vinegar in France. O. Fr.targon.Tarrie, 85/1,v.wait for, await.Tawnie, 43/3,adj.yellowish.Ted, 54/1,v.to spread abroad new-cut grass. "I teede hay, I tourne it afore it is made in cockes,je fene."—Palsgrave.Tedder, 10/9,s.tether, "live within one's tether" = "within the limits of one's income."Teddered, 16/33,pp.tethered, tied up.Teemes, 58/6,s. pl.teams.Tell, 50/30,v. imp.count.Temmes lofe, 16/11,s."that made of a mixture of wheat and rye out of which the coarser bran is taken."—T.R. "Miche, a fine manchet; the country people of France call so also a loafe of boulted bread ortemsbread."—Cotgrave.Temper, 91/2,s.condition.Tend, 10/39,v. imp.attend.Tendance, 56/53,s.attention, care.Tendeth, 62/3,v. pr. t.attends to, looks after.Tere, 19/30,s.tares.Thacke, 53/12,s.thatch, roof covering. "Erige, holme orthacke."—Huloet, 1552. "Thakke,tegmen, tectura."—Vocab. MS.Thacker, 36/24,s.thatcher. "A proudthackerof Theeva would laugh them to scorn."—Pilkington's Works, 381.Thee, 10/8,v.thrive, prosper. "A very late example of this word; at this time it was nearly obsolete. A.S.théon, to thrive, flourish."God that sittis in trinite,Gyffe thaym grace wel totheThat lystyns me a whyle."—MS. Cantab., Ff. v. 48, f. 47.Theeuerie, 86/12,s.dishonesty.Thencrease, 21/2, for the encrease = the increase, gain.Thend, 19/40, for "the end."Thetch, 57/32,s.thatch.Thicker, 74/2,adv.more frequently.Thies, 49/c, s. pl.thighs, limbs. A.S.theoh. Icel.thio.Thiller, 17/4, the shaft-horse, also the last horse in a team. A.S.thil, a pole or shaft. "Thylle horse,veredus."—Prompt. Parv.Thoes, 19/40, pr. those.Thon, 110, the one.Thorow, 15/15,v.pass through.Thother, 110, the other.Thresh, 90/3,v. imp.whip, thrash.Thresher, 86/13,s.a duster of furniture.Thrift, page 3,s.fortune, success, prosperity. Icel.thrif.Thriftie, 59/1,adj.thrifty, economical.Thrift's ladder, 57/30,s.the ladder or road to fortune.Thry-fallowing, 56/1,s."the third fallow; perhaps also cross-fallowing."—Mavor. "The third plowing of a summer fallow."—T.R.Thwack, 18/3,v. imp.thump, beat together.Tiburne stretch, 114/35, an execution. See noteE498.Tide, 63/2,pp.tied, fastened.Tidie, 57/22,adj."An old word signifying neat, proper, or in season, from the word Tide."—T.R.Tieth, 56/19,s.tithe.Tilman, 16/4,s.farm labourers, ploughmen, etc.Tilth, 4/2,s.tillage, cultivation. A.S.tilð, fromtilian, to till.Tilth, 47/2, the ground tilled.Tilture, 38/21,s.tillage, cultivation.Time, 39/41,s.thyme. θυμος [Greek: thymos], from θυω [Greek: thuo], fumigate, and identical with Lat.fumus, from its being used in sacrifices.Timelie, 55/9,adv.in time.Timely, 16/19,adv.early, soon.Tine, 50/18,s.wild vetch or tare, a plant thattinesor encloses and imprisons other plants.Vicia hirsuta.Tith, 56/12,s.tithe.Tithers, 10/52,s. pl.payers of tithes.Tithing, 10/52,s.paying tithes or dues.Tits, 15/6,s. pl.horses. The phrase "a nicetit" is still in use.Titters, 50/18,s. pl.a noxious weed amongst corn.Tittle tattle, 22/3, chattering, gossipping.To, 18/6,prep.for, as.Tode, with an R, 62/17,s.See noteE384.Toesed, 114/5,pp.pulled, pinched. Cf. "totease, or card wool." A.S.tæsan, to pull, pluck.Toieng, 61/1,pr. p.playing, amusing ourselves.Toies, 57/34,s. pl.amusements, occupations.Toile, 2/11,s.labour, work.Tolleth, 55/12,v. pr. t.takes toll.Ton ... tother, 55/8, the one ... the other.Tone, 10/10, the one.Tooteth, 94/2,v. pr. t.looks or strives anxiously. "Tootingand prying."—Taylor's Workes, 1630, i. 119.Toppingly, 49/1,adj.?Tost, 2/11,v. pt. t.agitated, harassed. Cf.tease.Touch, 57/43,s.faith, honour, to keep touch, to keep faith, perform a promise. The phrase occurs in theBallad of "George Barnwell," line 42.Traie, 17/16,s.a mason's hod.Traine, 32/2,s.draw. Fr.trainer, from L. Lat.trahinare, from Lat.trahere.Transpose, 59/10,v.arrange, dispose of.Trauell, page 2,s.labour, work. Fr.travail.Trauerse, 59/2,v.start upon, proceed upon.Treachery, 9/27,s.breach of faith, perfidy.Treene, 85/10,adj.wooden.Trew, 113/2,adj.true.Trick, 15/35,adj.neat, clean, tidy.Tricketh, 94/5,v. pr. t.dresses up, furnishes.Trickly, 73/3,adj.neat, tidy.Trim, 23/9,v.repair.Trim, 3/2,adv.quickly, at once, easily. A.S.trum.Trimlie, 57/34,adv.neatly, cleanly.Trinkets, 17/5,s. pl.porringers (Halliwell), Ray gives: counterfeits and trinkets,s. pl.porringers and saucers. Cheshire. See note in Prompt. Parv.Triue, 59/2,v. pr. t.(for contrive), attempt, try.Troffe, 17/9,s.a trough.Trope, 28/2,s.a phrase. From Greek τροπὸς [Greek: tropos], a turning, lit., the use of a word or expression in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it.Troth, 1/1,s.truth. See an article on the derivation of this word in "Leaves from a Word Hunter's Note Book," by Rev. A. S. Palmer, 1876, p. 73.Trowleth, 59/6,v. pr. t.helps on, moves towards. Welshtroliaw, totrollor trundle.Trudge, 73/20,v.go, be spent.Trudgeth, 10/21,v. pr. t.labours, journey's far.Trull, 36/4,s.girl, lass.Trustilie, 9/22.adv.confidingly.Tullie, 112/5, Cicero.Tumb, 106/15,s.the tomb, grave.Tumbrel, 16/7,s.a tumbril, a dung-cart.Turfe, 52/12,s.turf, peat. "Turfe of flagge, swarde of the erthe,cespes."—Prompt. Parv. "A Turfe,cespes."—Cathol. Angl.Turnebroch, 80/2,s.Before the introduction ofjacks, spits were turned either by dogs trained for the purpose, or by lads kept in the family, or hired, as occasion arose, to turn the spit, orbroach. These boys were theTurn-broaches. See Halliwell.Turn up, 46/18,v.deck, ornament.Twelftide, 90/2,s.Twelfth Day, i.e. January 6th, twelve days after Christmas. "At the city of New Sarum is a very great faire for cloath atTwelftydecalled Twelfe Market."—Aubrey's Wilts. MS. Roy. Soc. p. 333.Twifallow, 50/23,v. imp.till twice, plough twice. SeeThry-fallowing.Twiggers, 35/28,s. pl.first-class breeders. See Halliwell, s.v.Twigging, 35/28,s.fast breeding.Twinlings, 35/28,s. pl.twins (according to Dr. Mavor, but see noteE177).Twinning, 35/28,s.bearing twins.Twise, 59/11,adv.twice.Twitcher, 17/17,s.instruments used for clinching thehog-rings.—Mavor.Twitchis, 53/2,s.pl. wounds, cuts.U.Undeskanted, 10/39,pp.untalked of.Vndooeth, 10/46,v.ruins, destroys.Vnfainedlie, 9/38,adv.unfeignedly, in truth.Vnlustie, 19/24,adj.poor.Vnmeete, 57/5,adj.unfit. A.S.unmæte.Vnsauerie, 9/15,adj.wasteful, ruinous.Vnshaken, 16/34,adj.perfect, in good order, free fromshakes.Vnspilt, 16/8,pp.not wasted.Vntackle, 23/6,v.unyoke.Vntangled, 57/50,pp.freed from the hop vines.Vnthrift, 6/3,s.a prodigal, spendthrift.Vnthriftely, 9/30*,adv.wastefully.Vsher, 10/17,s.doorkeeper. O. Fr.ussier, huissier, fromuis, huis, a door.V.Vaine, 18/8,s.liking, fancy.Vainfull, 2/13,adj.vain, fickle.Valerian, 45/24,s.Valerian.Valeriana officinalis, Linn.Vance, 114/7,v.advance.Vantage, 3/7,s.advantage, profit.Vegetiue, 55/7,adj.belonging to the plant.Vent, 19/27,s.sale, disposal. Fr.vente, from Lat.vendere, venditum, to sell. "There is noventfor any commoditie except wool."—Sir W. Temple.Venter, 83/4,v.venture, risk.Ventrest, 19/35,v. pr. t.risk, venture.Vergis, 18/42,s.verjuice, the juice of crab-apples, or other unripe fruit. Fr.verjus, fromvert, green andjus, juice.Verie, 92/4,adj.true, real.Verlets, 63/18,s. pl.rascals, scoundrels. O. Fr.varlet, vaslet, nowvalet.Vermin, 33/7,v.destroy the vermin.Vew, 114/24,s.view, sight.Vewe, 75/7,v.view, examine.Vice, 64/19,s.buffoon. The fool or punchinello of old shows. "Light and lascivious poems, uttered by these buffoons orvicesin plays."—Puttenham, ii. 9, p. 69.Villeny, 9/21,s.unfair or mean treatment.Vitleth, 97/1,v. pr. t.eats, dines.Vittels, 57/39,s. pl.provisions, food.Voyd, 64*/4,v.avoid.W.Wadling, 35/45,s.wattling, wattled fence. "Wattles are wood slit."—T.R.Wadmus (? Wadmul), page 37, note 1, a very thick, coarse kind of woollen cloth, made originally of Iceland wool. Icel.vadmâl. Halliwell, s.v.Wadmal.Wag, 87/3,s.messenger.Waid, 114/40,pp.considered, reflected on.Waieth, 99/5,Waith, 101/5,v. pr. t.considers, reflects.Waight, 56/24,v. pr. t.watch, wait about.Waights, 10/44,s.weights, measures.Waight, 99/1,v.attend or wait at table.Waine, 48/22,v. imp.fetch, bring, lit. to convey in awainor wagon.Waine, 16/7,s.waggon. A.S.wæn, wägen.Wake day, 90/5,s.a village festival, kept originally on the day of the dedication of the parish church. See noteE455.Walke, 48/17,s.pasturing.Wallow, 102/2,v. pr. t.make dirty, cover.Wand, 33/45,v. imp.inclose with poles.Wanteth, 94/8,v. pr. t.is in want.Wantey, 17/5,s.a rope or leathern girdle, by which burdens are tied to the back of a horse;wamb-tie, a belly-band.Wanton, 90/5,s.merry girl. O. E.wantowen, fromwan-, prefix signifying lack orwant, andtogen,pp.ofteon, to educate.Wardens, 34/26,s. pl.a large baking pear. "I would have him roasted like awarden."—Beau. and Flet.Warely, 115/2,adv.carefully, warily.Wares, 22/19,s. pl.productions.Warily, 10/34,adv.discreetly, cautiously. A.S.wær.Warrener, 33/7,s.the keeper of a warren.Wart, 114/5,v. pr. t.wert, wast.Waster, 79/1,s.wasteful.Water furrow, 19/7,v. imp.draw furrows across the ridges in the lowest part of the ground to act as drains or water-courses. "A watir furre,elix."—Cathol. Anglicum.Water-retting, 16/25,s.retting is the process of steeping flax in water to separate the fibres. "Rettyn tymber, hempe or other like,rigo, infundo."—Prompt. Parv.Wayest, 10/4,v.considerest.Weather, 57/5,v. imp.dry in the open air.Weene, 67/12,v. pr. t.think. A S.wenan.Webster, 15/17,s.a weaver. A.S.webbestre, a female weaver.*Wedehoke, 79,s.a weeding tool.Weeles, 36/31,s. pl.snares or traps for fish made of osiers or twigs. "A weele, a wicker net, wherewith fishes being once entred, there is no way for them to get out; a bow net."—Nomenclator."There plenty is of roches, bleakes, or eeles,Which fishermen catche in their nets and weeles."—Newe Metamorphosis, 1600.Wefte, 84/1,s.a loss.Well a fine, 114/19, to a good end or purpose.Welthines, 10/36,s.plenty, wealth.Wenches, 57/34,s. pl.girls.Wennel, 20/28,s.a calf justweaned. "A lambe, or a kidde, or aweanellwast."—Spenser, Shep. Cal. September.Wether, 90/7,s.weather.Wheat plums, 34/27,s. pl.a large fleshy plum, sometimes called the bastard Orleans plum.Wheele ladder, 17/6,s."probably a frame on the side of a cart to support hay or corn when the load is to be increased."—Mavor.Whelpe, 95/2,s.child.Whereas, 21/25,adv.wherever.Whight, 15/12,adj.white.Whinnes, 53/12,s. pl.whin, furze.Whipstock, 21/14,s.the handle of a whip."Bought you a whistle, and awhip-stalktoo,To be revenged on their villainies."—Span. Tragedy, iii. 180.Whist, 64*/10,v.be silent, be hushed. "Keepe thewhisht, and thou shalt heare it the sooner."—Terence in Eng. 1641.Whit, 2/4,s.a point, no whit, not in the slightest degree. A.S.wiht, a creature, thing. Gothicwaiht.Whitch, 35/6, which sort.Whit leather, 17/4,s.leather dressed with alum, salt, etc., remarkable for its pliability and toughness. "I think I'm as hard as a nut, and as tough aswhit-leather."—Howitt.Whitemeat, Whitmeat, 47/20,s.eggs, milk, butter, cheese, etc.Wicket, 77/9,s.mouth.Wight, 3/6,s.person, man. A.S.wiht. Gothicwaiht.Wild otes fantasie, 9/30*, the fancies or excesses of youth. Cf. "sowing his wild oats."Wiles, 114/18,s. pl.tricks, deceits.Wilfull, 35/4,adj.ready, hasty.Wimble, 17/6,s.auger. "An auger orwimble, wherwith holes are bored,terebraandterebrum."—Baret's Aluearie, 1580.Gimletis the dimin. fromwimble.Wine, 51/21,v. imp.win, make to please.Wit, 16/3,s.sense, good judgment. A.S.witt.Wither, 57/20,v.dry.Wonne, 75/3,pp.managed, made up.Wood, 13/5,adj.mad. A.S.wod.Woodrofe, 44/17,s.sweet woodruff,Asperula odorata. A.S.wudurôfe.Woodsere, 51/6,s.the month or season for cutting wood; but see next word. "If wood be cut after the sunne decline from us till he come to the equinoctial (which time they callwoodsere), it will never grow againe."—Heydon, Def. of Astrology, 1603.Woodsere, 53/15,s."By woodsere is meant decayed or hollow Pollards."—T.R.; but in his note to this passage he says, "Woodsere is the season of felling wood."—T.R.Woorser, 10/32,Worser, 63/15,adv.worse, a double comparative. A.S.wyrsa.Woorth, 113/7,s.in worth = for what I am worth,i.e.as I can, what I can get.Wot, 94/4,v. pr. t.ye know not what, an indefinite expression.Wote, 10/21,v. pr. t.know. A.S.witan;pt. t. Ic wat, I know.Wounder, 2/2,s.wounder, slayer. A.S.wundian, to wound.Wrall, 101/4,v. pr. t.quarrel.Wraught, 114/35,pp.supplied, furnished.Wrauling, 92/1,s.quarrelling.Wrecke, 115/2,v.wreak, vent. A.S.wrecan.Wrest, 11/1,v.turn, force away.Wrest, 10/61,v.steal away, plunder.Wresting, 89/13,s.struggling for, fighting for.Wright, 68/1,v.write.Wringer, 2/13,s.extortioner.Write, 86/10,v. imp.mark, write the name on.Wud, 33/16,s.wood. A.S.wudu.Wull, 35/21,s.wool. A.S.wull. Gothicwulla.Y.Yarn, 21/13,v. pr. t.earn. A.S.gearnian.Yeane, 33/21,v.bring forth young. A.S.eanian.Yeerlie, 63/21,adv.? = yarely, readily. A.S.gearu. O. L. Ger.garu.Yerke, 64*/9,v.kick, wince. "They flirt, theyyerk, they backward fling."—Drayton. "Tire, a kick, yark, jerk, jert."—Cotgrave.
Reeding, 2/10,s.reading, study. A.S.rédan.
Reeke, 10/24,v.smoke. A.S.rêcan.
Refraine, 48/1,v.stop, prevent.
Rehersed, 45/1,pp.mentioned, named. Fr.rehercer, properly to go over again like a harrow (Fr.herce) over a ploughed field.
Reisons, 34/21,s. pl.currants. "Raysouns of Corante."—Pegge's Forme of Cury, ed. 1780, p. 16.
Relent, 23/11,v.become soft.
Rendrit, 24,v.= render it,i.e.return, requite it.
Rent, 55/7,pp.torn, plucked.
Rept, 18/43,pp.reaped, gained.
Resdue, 48/19,s.residue, remainder. Fr.résidu. Lat.residuum.
Respe, 15/27,Respies, 44/12,s.Raspberries.
Respit, 70/4,s.rest, respite.
Restfull, 106/2,adj.full of rest, resting.
Retcheles, 10/23,adj.reckless, careless. A.S.recceleas.
Reuengement, 9/18,s.revenge.
Rew, 45/18,s.rue.
Rife, 98/1,adj.abundant, common.
Rifle, 17/14,s."a rifle or ruffle is no more than a bent stick standing on the butt of a sithe-handle."—T.R. Now called abale.
Rigging, 16/37,pr. p.making free with, knocking about.
Rigs, 15/37,v. pr. t.make free with.
Ringle, 33/54,v. imp.ring, put rings through the snouts.
Ringling, 16/32,v.ringing of swine to prevent their tearing up the ground.
Riping, 37/7, ripening.
Rikes, 53/10,s. pl.ricks. A.S.hreac, a heap.
Rise, 40/5a,s.rice.
Rishes, 75/6,s. pl.rushes. A.S.risce. Lat.ruscum.
Riuet, 19/16,s.bearded wheat. "Dog-wheat, a bearded species, called in Mark-lane,rivets."—Forby.
Rode, 57/36,s.harbour.
Roinish, 102/1,adj.mean, rough, coarse. Fr.rogneux. "The roynish clown."—Shakspere, As You Like It, ii. 2.
Roister like, 98/3, blustering. "They ruffle androistit out." Harrison's Eng. ed. F. J. Furnivall, New Shakspere Soc. Pt. I, p. 77. "This is the veryroysterthat gagg'd and bound me, Sir."—The Reformation, 1673.
Rokat, 40/13,s.garden rocket. Fr.roquette. Eruca sativa.—Gerard's Herball, ed. 1633.
Roong, 15/29,pp.have rings put through their noses to prevent them from tearing up the ground.
Roperipe, 92/3,s.one old enough to be flogged. "Deserving of hanging."—Howell, 1660.
Roste, 63/19,s.rule the roste = domineer, have the sway. According to Richardson equivalent to "rule the roost," an expression of which every farm yard would supply an explanation.
Rottenly, 18/11,adj.rich, crumbly.
Roule, 17/8,s.a rule, measure.
Roules, 10/54,v.roll in, bring in.
Rowe, 36/12,s.row, a rowe = in a row.
Rowen, 57/25, aftermath of mown meadows. "Rowenis a field kept up till after Michaelmas, that the corn left on the ground may sprout into green."—Bailey's Dict. SeeRawingabove, and Rawings in Ray's Gloss.
Rowleth, 46/15,v. pr. t.roll. O. Fr.roler, Ger.rollen, from Lat.rotulare.
Rubstone, 17/14,s.a sandstone for a scythe. "The rub or buckle stone which husbandmen doo occupie in the whetting of their sithes."—Harrison, Description of England, Pt. 2, p. 64.
Rudenes, 2/9,s.want of refinement, plainness, homeliness.
Ruffen, 98/3,s.ruffian, scoundrel.
Runciuall peas, 41/9,s. pl.marrow-fatpeas. Supposed to be derived from Span.Roncesvalles, a town at the foot of the Pyrenees, where gigantic bones of old heroes were pretended to be shown; hence the name was applied to anything of a size larger than usual.
Runnagate, 77/17, runaway. "White-liveredrunagate."—Shakspere, Richard III. iv. 4.
Runt-wood, page 84, footnote 8,s.stumps of underwood. "Neither young poles nor old runts are suitable for building."—Holland.
Rydgis, 16/9,s. pl.ridges.
S.
Sad, 17/12,adj.disappointed, vexed.
Saddle, 35/37,s.the saddle, riding. We still say "a saddle horse," "a cart horse," meaning a horse for riding or carting.
Saile, 114/23,s.sail, beare low saile = to live humbly or economically. "Than bear solow a sail, to strike to thee."—Shakspere, 3 Hen. VI. v. 1. Cf. also 3 Henry VI. iii. 3.
Sallets, 40/1,s. pl.salads.
Sallow, 22/26,s.a species of willow. A.S.salig.
Salue, 4/2,s.ointment, salve.
Sampire, 40/6,s.samphire.Crithmum marinum.—Gerard's Herball, 1633.
"Half way down,Hangs one that gatherssamphire, dreadful trade."—Shakspere, Lear, iv. 6.
Sauer, 10/10,s.scent, inkling.
Sauer, 77/3, a person to look after and see that things are not wasted.
Sauerie, 39/35,s.savoury. Fr.savorée. Lat.satureja.
Sauerlie, 9/3,adj.frugal, gained by saving.
Sauin, 45/22,s.savin.Juniperus sabina, Linn.
Sawsie, 114/35,adj.saucy, impudent.
Saxefrage, 44/13,s.saxifrage. Lat.saxifraga, fromsaxum, a rock, andfrango, to break, being supposed to disintegrate the rocks, in the crevices of which it grows, and thence to dissolve stone in the bladder. Called in ScotlandThirlstane, which has the same meaning.
Scaberd, 102/2,s.scabbard.
Scamble, 51/7,v.scramble for.
Scant, 56/52,adj.scarce, wanting.
Scant, 114/24,adv.scarcely. So in Bacon's "Table of Coulers," I. "The Epicure that willscantindure the Stoic to be in sight of him." Cf. also Romeo and Juliet, i. 2.
Scanted, 2/14,adj.limited, stinted, grudged. Cf. also noteE317.
Scape, 97/1,v.escape, get off.
Scare, 56/13,v. imp.drive away.
Scotch, 33/17,v. pr. t.cut, hew.
Scoutwatch, 10/19,s.watch, guard.
Scowles, 10/23,v. pr. t.scowls, frowns, is ill-tempered.
Scrall, 49/c, v. pr. t.crawl. "To scrall, stir,motito—Coles' Lat. Dict. "And the river shallscralwith frogs."—Wiclif, Exodus viii. 3.
Scrauling, 49/9,pr. p.crawling.
Scruplenes, page 4,s.scruples, scrupulousness. Lat.scrupulus, a little stone such as may get into a traveller's shoe and distress him; hence, a source of doubt or distress.
Sea holie, 40/17,s.sea-hulfer, sea-holm; a plant of the genusEryngium(E. maritimum). A.S.hulfer, holly.
Sealed, 17/18,adj.certified, stamped.
Seame, 21/2,s.a quarter of corn. A.S.seam.
Secresie, 9/20,s.secrets, private concerns.
Sedge collars, 17/12,s. pl.collars made of sedge or reeds.
Seede, 51/12,v.obtain seed from.
Seede cake, 90/7, "a festival so called at the end of wheat-sowing in Essex and Suffolk, when the village is to be treated with seed cakes, pasties, etc."—Warton.
Seeith, 19/41,v. imp.boil.
Seeke, 10/24,v.seek, "their dinners to seeke" = their dinners have to be sought, i.e. are lacking.
Seelie, 48/21,adj.silly, simple. A.S.sælig. O. L. Ger.salig.
Seene, 95/1,adj.practised, experienced.
"Its a schoolmasterWellseenin music."—Shakspere, Taming of Shrew, i. 2.
Seene, 106/16,v. pt. t.appeared. Lat.visus est.
Seeth, 78/5,v. imp.boil.
Seeue, 17/3,s.sieve, sifter.
Seggons, 85/6,s. pl.poor labourers. "Seg-head, a blockhead."—CravenCf.Segger, Chester Plays, ii. 51.
Sell, 114/21,s.cell, abbey.
Semsters, 86/7,s. plneedlewomen, seamstresses. A.S.seamestre.
Seruice-trees, 34/24,s. pl.more correctly speltServise-tree, from Lat.cervisia, its fruit having from ancient times been used for making a fermented liquor, a kind of beer.
Seruiture, 99/1,s.servant, attendant.
Set, 36/25,v. imp.plant round, set.
Set, 35/45,s.the young shoots.
Setteth, 10/60,v. pr. t.risks. "Setteth his soule upon sixe or on seauen" = "risks his soul on the cast of a die."
Seuer, 15/40,v. imp.separate, sort.
Seuerall, title,adj.inclosed land, divided into fields by fences. L. Lat.separalis.
Sewe, 15/17,v. imp.drain. Cf. sewer. Welsh,sych, dry. Cf. Lat.siccus. See Pegge's Kenticisms.
Shackles, 17/21,s. pl.shackles. A.S.scacul. Dutch,schakel, a link of a chain.
Shack time, 16/30,s.the time during which the shaken-out grain remains on the ground after harvest. "Shack, Norfolk, a general common for hogs, from the end of harvest till seed time. To go atshack, to go at large."—Coles' Dict. 1676. Brockett's Glossary gives: "Shack, shak,to shed, or shake, as corn in harvest. Thenshack-fork, a shake-fork." "Shacking-time, the season when malt is ripe."—Kersey's Eng. Dict. 1715. Wedgwood (Eng. Etym.) says: "Shack is the shaken grain remaining on the ground when the gleaning is over, the fallen mast (Forby). Hence toshack, to turn pigs or poultry into the stubble field to feed on the scattered grain.Shack, liberty of winter pasturage, when the cattle are allowed to rove over the tillage land." Forby gives "Shack, sb. the acorns or mast under the trees." Compare the provincial "Shucks," the pods or shells from which peas have beenshaken, or, as it is frequently called, "shook."
Share, 52/1,v.shear.
Shares, 17/10,s.plough shares.
Sharing, 17/16,adj.shearing.
Shaue, 17/6,s.spokeshave.
Sheawd, 102/7,pp.shown, displayed.
Shed, 57/7,v.lose the grains of corn.
Sheepebiter, 64/17,s.a thief, lit. a wolf, a cant phrase. See Halliwell, s.v.
Shent, 57/45,pp.ruined, disgraced. A.S.scendan.
Shere, 3/7,s.shire, county. A.S.scire.
Shift, 9/39,v.manage, fare.
Shift, 104/1,s.excuse, makeshift.
Shifting, 95/5,adj.changing, often removing.
Shifting, 10/27, 10/34,v.trickery, cheating, acting shiftingly.
Shiftingly, 9/26,adv.by tricks or mean shifts.
Shock, 56/20,s.a certain number of bundles or sheaves of corn (in some parts twelve). "Ashockeof wheate,meta tritici."—Withal's Dict. 1608.
Shock, 57/10,v. imp.collect intoshocksor heaps of twelve sheaves.
Shod, 17/6,pp.tired.
Sholue, 17/1,s.shovel.
Shoo, 102/2,s.pl. shoes. A.S.sceo, a shoe, pl.sceon.
Shot, 114/40,s.expense, reckoning.
Showreth out, 14/3,v. pr. t.is showery, rainy weather.
Shreaw, 16/17,s.thief, rascal, 67/24,s.shrew, scold. SeeShrew.
Shred pies, 31/3,s. pl.mince pies, the meat being cut up intoshreds. A.S.screâdan, small pieces. "No matter for plomb-porridge orshrid pies."—Sheppard's Epigrams, 1651.
Shrew, 64*/6,s.scold. "Shrewe,pravus. Schrewyd,pravatus, depravatus."—Prompt. Parv.
Shroftide, 90/3,s.Shrove Tuesday, the day before the first day of Lent.
Shrouing, 90/3,s.to be merry, probably derived from the sports and merriment of Shrovetide. See Halliwell, s.v. Shrove.
Shut,v.51/5, shoot, throw; 37/13, shoot out, spring up.
Sieth, 35/25,s.scythe. A.S. siðe.
Siethes, 39/39,s. pl.chives, spelt in Hollyband's Dict. 1593,sieves, from Fr.cive, Allium fissile, L.
Sirops, 91/3,s. pl.sirups.
Siszers, 17/4,s.scissors.
Sithe, 17/14,s.scythe.
Skare, 2/7,v.frighten. Icel.skirra= to drive away.
Skared, 69/4,pp.frightened, cheated of.
Skavel, 17/19,s.a kind of spade, having its sides slightly turned up, used in draining, and cleaning narrow ditches. Comparescuffle, a garden hoe, andshovel.
Skep, 17/3,s.a basket made of rushes or straw.
Skill, 114/38,s.plan, design.
Skillesse, 113/4,adj.simple, homely.
Skirrets, 40/19,s. pl.the water-parsnip.Sium latifolium, contracted fromskirwort, its older name, a corruption ofsugar-wort. Ger.zucker-wurzel.
Skreene, 90/2,s.fire-screen. See noteE453.
Skreine, 17/16,s.sieve, screen. O. Fr.escrein.
Skuppat, 17/19,s.a spade used in draining and making narrow ditches. Belgianschup, a spade.
Skuttle, 17/16,s.a screen for cleaning corn, i.e. a large broad and shallow shovel for casting threshed corn from one side of the barn to the other that light grains and dust may fall short.
Slab, 15/35,s.the outside cut of sawn timber.
Slabbered, 48/20,pp.dirtied, beslobbered. L. Ger. and Dut.slabbern.
Slained, 106/15,pp.slain, murdered, but perhaps we should readstained.
Slake, 1/4,v.to slacken.
Slapsauce, 98/2,s."a parasite."—Minsheu. "A lickedish, a lickerish fellow, aslapsawce."—Nomenclator, 1585.
*Slapt, 72e,pp.
Slea, 107/3,v.slay, kill. A.S.slean.
Sled, 17/11,s.sledge, truck. Ger. and Dutchslede. Icel.sledi. A.S.slidan, to slide.
Slept, 90/1,pp.slipt, forgotten, omitted.
Slise, 35/20,v. imp.slice, cut.
Sliuers, 23/1,s. pl.pieces of split wood, chips. A.S.slifan.
Slugging, 75/1,s.lying late in bed.
Sluts, 75/5,s. pl.slovens, slatterns. Ger.schlutte. Dutchslet.
Smack, 57/24, a pleasant repast.
Smalach, 45/20,s.celery, or water parsley. Thesmall acheor parsley as compared with thehipposelinumor great parsley.
Small nuts, 34/22,Smalnut, 33/57,s.hazel nuts.
Snag dragons, 43/30,s. pl.snapdragons, so called from its corolla resembling thesnapor snout. Dut.snebof some animal. Called by Lyte "Calf's snowte."
Snorting, 9/16,adj.snoring, sleepy. A.S.snora, a snoring.
Snudgeth, 62/2,v. pr. t.is economical or saving, or, works quietly or snugly. In Lanc.snidge. A.S.snid. Danishsnedig, cunning. 'Thus your husbandrye, methincke, is much more like the life of a covetoussnudge, that ofte very evill proves, then the labour of a goode husbande, that knoweth well what he doth."—Ascham, Toxophilus, p. 6.
Sockle, 35/30,v. imp.suckle, provide with milk.
Sod, 22/27,pp.boiled.
Soketh, 19/2,v. pr. t.wets, soaks.
Soles, 17/21,s. pl.a collar of wood, put round the neck of cattle to confine them to the post.
Sollen, 89/13,adj.sullen, sulky.
Soller, 57/5,s.garret, loft, or upper room. "Solarium, an upper room, chamber, or garret which in some parts of England is still called asollar."—Kennett, Gloss. p. 134.
Sooth, 10/61,v.to flatter.
Sops in wine, 43/31,s.a kind of pink resembling a carnation; the clove pink. "The rose and speckled flowre cald sops-in-wine."—The Affectionate Shepheard, 1594.
Sorell, 39/36,s.sorrell. Fr.surelle, a dimin. from L. Ger.suur= sour, from the acidity of the leaves.Rumex acetosa, L.
Sost, 48/20,pp.dirty, foul. "Of any one that mixes several slops, or makes any place wet or dirty, we say in Kent, he makes asoss."—Kennett MS.
Souse, 12/5,s.pig's feet and ears pickled.
Soutage, 57/51,s.bagging for hops, or coarse cloth. See More's MS. Additions to Ray's North Country Gloss.
Southly, 16/20,adv.facing the south.
Sowce, 19/37,v. imp.steep in brine, pickle.
Sower, 35/51,adj.sour.
Spare, 113/3,v.economize, be sparing.
Spareth, 10/35,v. pr. t.are economical, save.
Spars, 33/16,s. pl.rafters.
Speedfull, 52/13,adj.useful, profitable.
Speeding, 2/10,s.progress, success.
Speered, 84/5,pp.sprouted, a term in malting. "Ispyeras corne dothe whan it begynneth to waxe rype,je espie."—Palsgrave.
Spent, 15/41,pp.used, consumed.
Sperage, 40/18,s.asparagus. Lemery in his Treatise on Foods, 1704, gives as the etymology:ab aspergendo, sprinkling, because 'tis convenient to water them!
Spials, 64/12,s. pl.spies. Fr.épier. O. Fr.espier, whence ourespy, spy. Low Lat.espia.
Spide, 2/9,v. pr. t.beheld, saw.
Spight, 57/13,s.as a spite or grief to.
Spight, 97/6,v.spite, be unpropitious.
Spil, 102/6,v. pr. t.spoil, ruin.
Spilled, 50/6,Spilt, 56/54,pp.ruined, spoilt. A.S.spillan.
Spring, 48/11,s.young buds of felled underwood.
Spurlings, 12/5,s. pl.smelts. "Spurlin, a smelt, Fr.esperlan."—Skinner. Sparling, smelts of the Thames.—Brockett's N. C. Glossary. "First a sprat, then a small sparling, then a sparling."—R. Holme, p. 325.
Squatteth, 16/38,v. pr. t.sit or crouch down. Welshyswatian, to squat, lie flat.
Squier, 10/57,s.squire, gentleman.
Stadled, 48/8,pp."to stadle a Wood is to leave at certain distances a sufficient number of young trees to replenish it."—T.R.
Staddles, 47/9,Stadles, 48/9,s. pl.young growing trees left after cutting underwood.
Staid, 2/8,v. pt. t.kept, detained.
Staie, 10/7,s.means of support.
Staie, 19/40,v.prevent, stop.
Staied, 60/9,adj.steady, staid.
Stalfed, 21/11,adj.stall-fattened.
Stamp, 18/48,v. imp.bruise, pound.
Stands thee upon, 10/39, are suitable, proper for. Tostanda persononisto be incumbentupon him,it is his duty.—Wilbraham, Gloss. of Cheshire Words, 1818.
Star of Bethlehem, 43/34,s.Star of Bethlehem.Ornithogalum umbellatum, a bulbous plant having a white star-like flower, like pictures of the stars that indicated Our Lord's birth.
Star of Jerusalem, 43/35,s.perhaps sunflower or turn-sole. Ital.girasole, familiarized intoJerusalem.
Stay, 114/31,s.rest, quiet.
Steade, 63/3,s.in steade = to advantage.
*Stede, 19,v.suffice, profit.
Steelie, 19/12,adj.hard, firm.
Steepe, 46/6,adj.a steepe = steeply.
Steeres, 36/8,s. pl.oxen in their third year. A.S.steor.
Sterue, 103/4,v.starve, perish. A.S.steorfan.
*Steruelings, 50,s. pl.half-starved animals.
Stick, 16/34,v. imp.to stick boards = to arrange them neatly one upon another with sticks between.—T.R.
Still, 33/53,v. imp.quiet, stop from growing.
Still, 44/1,v.distill.
Still, 50/33,s.a still. Lat.stilla, a drop.
Stinted, 95/4,pp.appointed, settled.
Stirre, 77/6,v.move quickly, bestir herself.
Stitchwort, 45/23,s.stitchwort, chickweed,Stellaria media, Linn.
Stocke gilleflowers, 43/36,s.now shortened to stock, from stock, the trunk or woody stem of a tree or shrub, added togilliflowerto distinguish it from plants of the pink tribe, called, from their scent,Clove-gilleflowers.
Stocks, 22/13,s. pl.young trees.
Stoutnes, 9/9,s.force.
Stouer, 20/16,s.winter food for cattle, fodder from thrashed corn, whether straw, chaff, or colder (broken ears of corn), from the Old Frenchestavoir, estovoir, estouvier, A.N.estovers, orestouvoir, which denotes, according to Roquefort (Glossaire de la langue Romane), 'provision de tout ce qui est nécessaire.'
Strangenes, 3/1,s.strangeness.
Strawforke, 17/1,s.a pitchfork.
Strawisp, 19/38,s.wisps of straw.
Streight waies, 114/8,adv.at once.
Strike, 16/9,v. pr. t.striking is the last ploughing before the seed is committed to the earth.—M.
Strike, 17/1,s.a bushel measure. "Robert Webb of Shottre oweth me iiijs.iiijd.lent hym in moneyfor making ixstryckeand a half of malt."—Will of John Cocks of Stratford-on-Avon, dated May 27th, 1600.
Stripe, 57/5,s."beating upon a Hurdle or some other rough thing."—T.R.
Stroieng, 48/17,s.destruction, injury. O. Fr. (de)struire. Lat.struere.
Stroken, 35/31,pp.stroked, kindly treated.
Strowing, 42/1,adj.for strewing.
Stroyal, 10/23,s.waste all, wasteful.
Stub, 35/9,s.stump, buie at the stub = buy on the ground. A.S.stybb, allied to Lat.stipes.
Stub, 33/47,v. imp.grub up.
"And badd hym take a mattock anon,Andstubbethe olde rote away,That had stonde there many a day."—MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38, f. 129.
Stud, 33/16,s.the uprights in a lath and plaster wall. "In manie places there are not above foure, six, or nine inches betweenstudandstud."—Harrison, Pt. I, p. 233.
Stur, 62/6,v.move about, exert.
Sturs, 63/16,s. pl.disturbances, commotions.
Substanciallie, 9/23,adv.in reality, truly.
Subtiltie, 9/17,s.cunning, artfulness, deceit.
Sucker, 23/4,s.assistance, help, succour.
Suckerie, 91/2,Suckery, 39/38,s.succory, the wild endive, chicory. Fr.chicorée, often replaced by fraudulent dealers with dandelion roots,Cichorium Intybus, L.
Sudgerne, 10/8,v.settle down. Fr.sojourner. Cf. Barbour's Bruce, E. E. Text Soc. ed. Skeat, 6/26, 16/47, and 20/356.
Suer, 84/3,adj.sure, careful. O. Fr.seur, segur. Lat.securus.
Suerty, 9/24,s.being security or surety.
Suite, 18/49,s.description, kind.
Suretie, 10/28,s.security, bail.
Swage, 114/26,v.assuage.
Swatches, 57/18,s. pl.rows or ranks of barley, etc.
Swathes, 55/2,s. pl.the line of grass or corn cut and thrown together by the scythe in mowing. Cotgrave gives: "Gerber des javellesto bind corne ofswathinto sheaues, to sheaue vp corne." "Fœni striga. Monceaux de foin par ordre. Theswatheor strake of grasse, as it lyeth mowne downe with the sithe."—Nomenclator.
Sweate, 56/20,s.a sweating,i.e.feel the effects of the heat.
Sweete Johns, 43/33,s.a species ofDianthusor pink, called alsoSweet John's-wort.
Swerue, 96/42,s.fail, depart.
Swill, 78/5,s.hog's-wash.
Swim, 10/59,v.to abound, to overflow.
Swinge, 52/16,v. imp.cut down with the long swinging scythe used for that purpose.
T.
Tack, 12/3,Tacke, 76/3,s.substance. A tough piece of meat is said to have plenty oftackin it.
Taile, 77/8,s.back.
Taint wormes, 65/3,s. pl."A small red spider calledtaintis by the country people accounted a deadly poison to cows and horses."—Sir T. Browne.
Tale, 83/4,s.tally, reckoning.
Talent, 59/9,s.the gifts and powers entrusted by God. Of course the reference is to the Parable.
Tallie, 78/2,s.score, bill, charge.
Tallwood, 53/12,s.wood cut for billets. "Tall woode, pacte wodde to make byllettes of,taillee."—Palsgrave.
Tampring, 17/16,v.tempering, mixing, thus the Bible speaks of "untemperedmortar."
Tane, 66/1,pp.taken.
Tanzie, 39/40,s.tansy,Tanacetum vulgare, Linn.
Tapple up taile, 21/14. See noteE125.
Tarie, 16/11,v.delay, keep back.
Tarragon, 40/21,s.tarragon.Tragum vulgare.—Gerard's Herball. Used for perfuming vinegar in France. O. Fr.targon.
Tarrie, 85/1,v.wait for, await.
Tawnie, 43/3,adj.yellowish.
Ted, 54/1,v.to spread abroad new-cut grass. "I teede hay, I tourne it afore it is made in cockes,je fene."—Palsgrave.
Tedder, 10/9,s.tether, "live within one's tether" = "within the limits of one's income."
Teddered, 16/33,pp.tethered, tied up.
Teemes, 58/6,s. pl.teams.
Tell, 50/30,v. imp.count.
Temmes lofe, 16/11,s."that made of a mixture of wheat and rye out of which the coarser bran is taken."—T.R. "Miche, a fine manchet; the country people of France call so also a loafe of boulted bread ortemsbread."—Cotgrave.
Temper, 91/2,s.condition.
Tend, 10/39,v. imp.attend.
Tendance, 56/53,s.attention, care.
Tendeth, 62/3,v. pr. t.attends to, looks after.
Tere, 19/30,s.tares.
Thacke, 53/12,s.thatch, roof covering. "Erige, holme orthacke."—Huloet, 1552. "Thakke,tegmen, tectura."—Vocab. MS.
Thacker, 36/24,s.thatcher. "A proudthackerof Theeva would laugh them to scorn."—Pilkington's Works, 381.
Thee, 10/8,v.thrive, prosper. "A very late example of this word; at this time it was nearly obsolete. A.S.théon, to thrive, flourish.
"God that sittis in trinite,Gyffe thaym grace wel totheThat lystyns me a whyle."—MS. Cantab., Ff. v. 48, f. 47.
Theeuerie, 86/12,s.dishonesty.
Thencrease, 21/2, for the encrease = the increase, gain.
Thend, 19/40, for "the end."
Thetch, 57/32,s.thatch.
Thicker, 74/2,adv.more frequently.
Thies, 49/c, s. pl.thighs, limbs. A.S.theoh. Icel.thio.
Thiller, 17/4, the shaft-horse, also the last horse in a team. A.S.thil, a pole or shaft. "Thylle horse,veredus."—Prompt. Parv.
Thoes, 19/40, pr. those.
Thon, 110, the one.
Thorow, 15/15,v.pass through.
Thother, 110, the other.
Thresh, 90/3,v. imp.whip, thrash.
Thresher, 86/13,s.a duster of furniture.
Thrift, page 3,s.fortune, success, prosperity. Icel.thrif.
Thriftie, 59/1,adj.thrifty, economical.
Thrift's ladder, 57/30,s.the ladder or road to fortune.
Thry-fallowing, 56/1,s."the third fallow; perhaps also cross-fallowing."—Mavor. "The third plowing of a summer fallow."—T.R.
Thwack, 18/3,v. imp.thump, beat together.
Tiburne stretch, 114/35, an execution. See noteE498.
Tide, 63/2,pp.tied, fastened.
Tidie, 57/22,adj."An old word signifying neat, proper, or in season, from the word Tide."—T.R.
Tieth, 56/19,s.tithe.
Tilman, 16/4,s.farm labourers, ploughmen, etc.
Tilth, 4/2,s.tillage, cultivation. A.S.tilð, fromtilian, to till.
Tilth, 47/2, the ground tilled.
Tilture, 38/21,s.tillage, cultivation.
Time, 39/41,s.thyme. θυμος [Greek: thymos], from θυω [Greek: thuo], fumigate, and identical with Lat.fumus, from its being used in sacrifices.
Timelie, 55/9,adv.in time.
Timely, 16/19,adv.early, soon.
Tine, 50/18,s.wild vetch or tare, a plant thattinesor encloses and imprisons other plants.Vicia hirsuta.
Tith, 56/12,s.tithe.
Tithers, 10/52,s. pl.payers of tithes.
Tithing, 10/52,s.paying tithes or dues.
Tits, 15/6,s. pl.horses. The phrase "a nicetit" is still in use.
Titters, 50/18,s. pl.a noxious weed amongst corn.
Tittle tattle, 22/3, chattering, gossipping.
To, 18/6,prep.for, as.
Tode, with an R, 62/17,s.See noteE384.
Toesed, 114/5,pp.pulled, pinched. Cf. "totease, or card wool." A.S.tæsan, to pull, pluck.
Toieng, 61/1,pr. p.playing, amusing ourselves.
Toies, 57/34,s. pl.amusements, occupations.
Toile, 2/11,s.labour, work.
Tolleth, 55/12,v. pr. t.takes toll.
Ton ... tother, 55/8, the one ... the other.
Tone, 10/10, the one.
Tooteth, 94/2,v. pr. t.looks or strives anxiously. "Tootingand prying."—Taylor's Workes, 1630, i. 119.
Toppingly, 49/1,adj.?
Tost, 2/11,v. pt. t.agitated, harassed. Cf.tease.
Touch, 57/43,s.faith, honour, to keep touch, to keep faith, perform a promise. The phrase occurs in theBallad of "George Barnwell," line 42.
Traie, 17/16,s.a mason's hod.
Traine, 32/2,s.draw. Fr.trainer, from L. Lat.trahinare, from Lat.trahere.
Transpose, 59/10,v.arrange, dispose of.
Trauell, page 2,s.labour, work. Fr.travail.
Trauerse, 59/2,v.start upon, proceed upon.
Treachery, 9/27,s.breach of faith, perfidy.
Treene, 85/10,adj.wooden.
Trew, 113/2,adj.true.
Trick, 15/35,adj.neat, clean, tidy.
Tricketh, 94/5,v. pr. t.dresses up, furnishes.
Trickly, 73/3,adj.neat, tidy.
Trim, 23/9,v.repair.
Trim, 3/2,adv.quickly, at once, easily. A.S.trum.
Trimlie, 57/34,adv.neatly, cleanly.
Trinkets, 17/5,s. pl.porringers (Halliwell), Ray gives: counterfeits and trinkets,s. pl.porringers and saucers. Cheshire. See note in Prompt. Parv.
Triue, 59/2,v. pr. t.(for contrive), attempt, try.
Troffe, 17/9,s.a trough.
Trope, 28/2,s.a phrase. From Greek τροπὸς [Greek: tropos], a turning, lit., the use of a word or expression in a different sense from that which properly belongs to it.
Troth, 1/1,s.truth. See an article on the derivation of this word in "Leaves from a Word Hunter's Note Book," by Rev. A. S. Palmer, 1876, p. 73.
Trowleth, 59/6,v. pr. t.helps on, moves towards. Welshtroliaw, totrollor trundle.
Trudge, 73/20,v.go, be spent.
Trudgeth, 10/21,v. pr. t.labours, journey's far.
Trull, 36/4,s.girl, lass.
Trustilie, 9/22.adv.confidingly.
Tullie, 112/5, Cicero.
Tumb, 106/15,s.the tomb, grave.
Tumbrel, 16/7,s.a tumbril, a dung-cart.
Turfe, 52/12,s.turf, peat. "Turfe of flagge, swarde of the erthe,cespes."—Prompt. Parv. "A Turfe,cespes."—Cathol. Angl.
Turnebroch, 80/2,s.Before the introduction ofjacks, spits were turned either by dogs trained for the purpose, or by lads kept in the family, or hired, as occasion arose, to turn the spit, orbroach. These boys were theTurn-broaches. See Halliwell.
Turn up, 46/18,v.deck, ornament.
Twelftide, 90/2,s.Twelfth Day, i.e. January 6th, twelve days after Christmas. "At the city of New Sarum is a very great faire for cloath atTwelftydecalled Twelfe Market."—Aubrey's Wilts. MS. Roy. Soc. p. 333.
Twifallow, 50/23,v. imp.till twice, plough twice. SeeThry-fallowing.
Twiggers, 35/28,s. pl.first-class breeders. See Halliwell, s.v.
Twigging, 35/28,s.fast breeding.
Twinlings, 35/28,s. pl.twins (according to Dr. Mavor, but see noteE177).
Twinning, 35/28,s.bearing twins.
Twise, 59/11,adv.twice.
Twitcher, 17/17,s.instruments used for clinching thehog-rings.—Mavor.
Twitchis, 53/2,s.pl. wounds, cuts.
U.
Undeskanted, 10/39,pp.untalked of.
Vndooeth, 10/46,v.ruins, destroys.
Vnfainedlie, 9/38,adv.unfeignedly, in truth.
Vnlustie, 19/24,adj.poor.
Vnmeete, 57/5,adj.unfit. A.S.unmæte.
Vnsauerie, 9/15,adj.wasteful, ruinous.
Vnshaken, 16/34,adj.perfect, in good order, free fromshakes.
Vnspilt, 16/8,pp.not wasted.
Vntackle, 23/6,v.unyoke.
Vntangled, 57/50,pp.freed from the hop vines.
Vnthrift, 6/3,s.a prodigal, spendthrift.
Vnthriftely, 9/30*,adv.wastefully.
Vsher, 10/17,s.doorkeeper. O. Fr.ussier, huissier, fromuis, huis, a door.
V.
Vaine, 18/8,s.liking, fancy.
Vainfull, 2/13,adj.vain, fickle.
Valerian, 45/24,s.Valerian.Valeriana officinalis, Linn.
Vance, 114/7,v.advance.
Vantage, 3/7,s.advantage, profit.
Vegetiue, 55/7,adj.belonging to the plant.
Vent, 19/27,s.sale, disposal. Fr.vente, from Lat.vendere, venditum, to sell. "There is noventfor any commoditie except wool."—Sir W. Temple.
Venter, 83/4,v.venture, risk.
Ventrest, 19/35,v. pr. t.risk, venture.
Vergis, 18/42,s.verjuice, the juice of crab-apples, or other unripe fruit. Fr.verjus, fromvert, green andjus, juice.
Verie, 92/4,adj.true, real.
Verlets, 63/18,s. pl.rascals, scoundrels. O. Fr.varlet, vaslet, nowvalet.
Vermin, 33/7,v.destroy the vermin.
Vew, 114/24,s.view, sight.
Vewe, 75/7,v.view, examine.
Vice, 64/19,s.buffoon. The fool or punchinello of old shows. "Light and lascivious poems, uttered by these buffoons orvicesin plays."—Puttenham, ii. 9, p. 69.
Villeny, 9/21,s.unfair or mean treatment.
Vitleth, 97/1,v. pr. t.eats, dines.
Vittels, 57/39,s. pl.provisions, food.
Voyd, 64*/4,v.avoid.
W.
Wadling, 35/45,s.wattling, wattled fence. "Wattles are wood slit."—T.R.
Wadmus (? Wadmul), page 37, note 1, a very thick, coarse kind of woollen cloth, made originally of Iceland wool. Icel.vadmâl. Halliwell, s.v.Wadmal.
Wag, 87/3,s.messenger.
Waid, 114/40,pp.considered, reflected on.
Waieth, 99/5,Waith, 101/5,v. pr. t.considers, reflects.
Waight, 56/24,v. pr. t.watch, wait about.
Waights, 10/44,s.weights, measures.
Waight, 99/1,v.attend or wait at table.
Waine, 48/22,v. imp.fetch, bring, lit. to convey in awainor wagon.
Waine, 16/7,s.waggon. A.S.wæn, wägen.
Wake day, 90/5,s.a village festival, kept originally on the day of the dedication of the parish church. See noteE455.
Walke, 48/17,s.pasturing.
Wallow, 102/2,v. pr. t.make dirty, cover.
Wand, 33/45,v. imp.inclose with poles.
Wanteth, 94/8,v. pr. t.is in want.
Wantey, 17/5,s.a rope or leathern girdle, by which burdens are tied to the back of a horse;wamb-tie, a belly-band.
Wanton, 90/5,s.merry girl. O. E.wantowen, fromwan-, prefix signifying lack orwant, andtogen,pp.ofteon, to educate.
Wardens, 34/26,s. pl.a large baking pear. "I would have him roasted like awarden."—Beau. and Flet.
Warely, 115/2,adv.carefully, warily.
Wares, 22/19,s. pl.productions.
Warily, 10/34,adv.discreetly, cautiously. A.S.wær.
Warrener, 33/7,s.the keeper of a warren.
Wart, 114/5,v. pr. t.wert, wast.
Waster, 79/1,s.wasteful.
Water furrow, 19/7,v. imp.draw furrows across the ridges in the lowest part of the ground to act as drains or water-courses. "A watir furre,elix."—Cathol. Anglicum.
Water-retting, 16/25,s.retting is the process of steeping flax in water to separate the fibres. "Rettyn tymber, hempe or other like,rigo, infundo."—Prompt. Parv.
Wayest, 10/4,v.considerest.
Weather, 57/5,v. imp.dry in the open air.
Weene, 67/12,v. pr. t.think. A S.wenan.
Webster, 15/17,s.a weaver. A.S.webbestre, a female weaver.
*Wedehoke, 79,s.a weeding tool.
Weeles, 36/31,s. pl.snares or traps for fish made of osiers or twigs. "A weele, a wicker net, wherewith fishes being once entred, there is no way for them to get out; a bow net."—Nomenclator.
"There plenty is of roches, bleakes, or eeles,Which fishermen catche in their nets and weeles."—Newe Metamorphosis, 1600.
Wefte, 84/1,s.a loss.
Well a fine, 114/19, to a good end or purpose.
Welthines, 10/36,s.plenty, wealth.
Wenches, 57/34,s. pl.girls.
Wennel, 20/28,s.a calf justweaned. "A lambe, or a kidde, or aweanellwast."—Spenser, Shep. Cal. September.
Wether, 90/7,s.weather.
Wheat plums, 34/27,s. pl.a large fleshy plum, sometimes called the bastard Orleans plum.
Wheele ladder, 17/6,s."probably a frame on the side of a cart to support hay or corn when the load is to be increased."—Mavor.
Whelpe, 95/2,s.child.
Whereas, 21/25,adv.wherever.
Whight, 15/12,adj.white.
Whinnes, 53/12,s. pl.whin, furze.
Whipstock, 21/14,s.the handle of a whip.
"Bought you a whistle, and awhip-stalktoo,To be revenged on their villainies."—Span. Tragedy, iii. 180.
Whist, 64*/10,v.be silent, be hushed. "Keepe thewhisht, and thou shalt heare it the sooner."—Terence in Eng. 1641.
Whit, 2/4,s.a point, no whit, not in the slightest degree. A.S.wiht, a creature, thing. Gothicwaiht.
Whitch, 35/6, which sort.
Whit leather, 17/4,s.leather dressed with alum, salt, etc., remarkable for its pliability and toughness. "I think I'm as hard as a nut, and as tough aswhit-leather."—Howitt.
Whitemeat, Whitmeat, 47/20,s.eggs, milk, butter, cheese, etc.
Wicket, 77/9,s.mouth.
Wight, 3/6,s.person, man. A.S.wiht. Gothicwaiht.
Wild otes fantasie, 9/30*, the fancies or excesses of youth. Cf. "sowing his wild oats."
Wiles, 114/18,s. pl.tricks, deceits.
Wilfull, 35/4,adj.ready, hasty.
Wimble, 17/6,s.auger. "An auger orwimble, wherwith holes are bored,terebraandterebrum."—Baret's Aluearie, 1580.Gimletis the dimin. fromwimble.
Wine, 51/21,v. imp.win, make to please.
Wit, 16/3,s.sense, good judgment. A.S.witt.
Wither, 57/20,v.dry.
Wonne, 75/3,pp.managed, made up.
Wood, 13/5,adj.mad. A.S.wod.
Woodrofe, 44/17,s.sweet woodruff,Asperula odorata. A.S.wudurôfe.
Woodsere, 51/6,s.the month or season for cutting wood; but see next word. "If wood be cut after the sunne decline from us till he come to the equinoctial (which time they callwoodsere), it will never grow againe."—Heydon, Def. of Astrology, 1603.
Woodsere, 53/15,s."By woodsere is meant decayed or hollow Pollards."—T.R.; but in his note to this passage he says, "Woodsere is the season of felling wood."—T.R.
Woorser, 10/32,Worser, 63/15,adv.worse, a double comparative. A.S.wyrsa.
Woorth, 113/7,s.in worth = for what I am worth,i.e.as I can, what I can get.
Wot, 94/4,v. pr. t.ye know not what, an indefinite expression.
Wote, 10/21,v. pr. t.know. A.S.witan;pt. t. Ic wat, I know.
Wounder, 2/2,s.wounder, slayer. A.S.wundian, to wound.
Wrall, 101/4,v. pr. t.quarrel.
Wraught, 114/35,pp.supplied, furnished.
Wrauling, 92/1,s.quarrelling.
Wrecke, 115/2,v.wreak, vent. A.S.wrecan.
Wrest, 11/1,v.turn, force away.
Wrest, 10/61,v.steal away, plunder.
Wresting, 89/13,s.struggling for, fighting for.
Wright, 68/1,v.write.
Wringer, 2/13,s.extortioner.
Write, 86/10,v. imp.mark, write the name on.
Wud, 33/16,s.wood. A.S.wudu.
Wull, 35/21,s.wool. A.S.wull. Gothicwulla.
Y.
Yarn, 21/13,v. pr. t.earn. A.S.gearnian.
Yeane, 33/21,v.bring forth young. A.S.eanian.
Yeerlie, 63/21,adv.? = yarely, readily. A.S.gearu. O. L. Ger.garu.
Yerke, 64*/9,v.kick, wince. "They flirt, theyyerk, they backward fling."—Drayton. "Tire, a kick, yark, jerk, jert."—Cotgrave.