FOOTNOTES[1]Even to this day people in rural England scare away the spirit of ague by saying “Ague! farewell till we meet in hell.” Similarly, they appease the spirit of cramp by saying “Cramp, be thou faultless, as our Lady was when she bore Jesus.”[2]Folklore Notes, Vol. I.—Gujarat.[3]Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay. Paper on the Cult of the Bath by Mr. K. M. Jhaveri, Vol. IX.[4]With this incident may be compared the English traditions concerning the preservation of the holy wells of England,videpage 75.[5]The Athenæum, August 26th 1893.[6]Evans Wentz: The Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries.[7]Latham: Descriptive Ethnology.[8]The Zoroastrian monthAbannamed afterArdevi Sura Anahitacoincided for the most part with February, which is named after Juno, derived from the Sabine wordFebrus, to purify. Juno also presided over the ceremony of purification of women.[9]Videpart II, chapter XIII.[10]The Religion of the Semites.[11]Tylor: Primitive Culture, Vol. II.[12]Jewish Encyclopædia.[13]Max Müller: History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature.[14]The Vicissitudes of Aryan Civilization in India.[15]Primitive Culture, Vol. II.[16]Primitive Culture, Vol. II.[17]Miss Hamilton: Greek Saints and their Festivals.[18]Gomme:Folklore as an Historical Science.[19]Since this chapter was written Russia has been in the throes of a revolution and it is not known who will preside at the ceremony in future in lieu of the Czar.[20]W. Crooke: Folklore of Northern India.[21]Crooke: Folklore of Northern India.[22]Faiths of Man.[23]Dr. Felman: The Jewish Child.[24]Bombay Gazetteer, xix.[25]Crooke: Folklore of Northern India, vol. I.[26]Ibid.[27]Hunt: Popular Romances.[28]Major-General Forlong: Faiths of Man, vol. III.[29]G. F. Abbott: Macedonian Folklore.[30]Ethnographic Survey of Baluchistan, Vol II.[31]Census of India, 1901, Vol. XVII.[32]The Jewish Child.[33]Clifford: In Court and Campong.[34]Statistical Account of Scotland.[35]Faiths of Man.[36]The Athenæum, August 26, 1893.[37]G. L. Gomme: Ethnology in Folklore.[38]Good Words Magazine, 1905.[39]Mr. Sarat Chandra Mitra in theJournalof the Anthropological Society of Bombay, Vol. III.[40]Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay, Vol. III., No. 5.[41]Codrington: The Melanesians.[42]The Pirate.[43]W. Crooke: Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India. In this work the name of the river is given asVaitaranî. It must not, however, be mistaken for the Vaitarana, the largest of the Thana rivers, which is mentioned in theMahabharatas one of the four sacred streams. The sacredness of its source, so near the spring of the holy Godaveri, attracted to the banks of the Vaitarana some of the first Aryan settlers. Seers like Narad, Vashistha and Indra betook themselves to the spring and the superhuman Yakshas, Gandharvas and Kinnars were attracted to its waters for bathing and sacrifice.[44]Ethnology in Folklore.[45]The Golden Bough, Vol. II.[46]Primitive Culture, Vol. II.[47]Primitive Semitic Religion.[48]We may contrast with these examples the following illustration of punishing the gods and demi-gods for tolerating a tempest. It is quoted by Herbert Spencer in his “Study of Sociology,” from Captain Burton’s account of Goa to show how awe of power sways men’s religious beliefs:—“A pot of oil with a lighted wick was placed every night by the half-bred Portuguese Indians, before the painted doll, the patron saint of the boat in which we sailed from Goa. One evening, as the weather appeared likely to be squally, we observed that the usual compliment was not offered to the patron, and had the curiosity to inquire why. ‘Why,’ vociferated the tindal (captain), indignantly, ‘if that chap can’t keep the sky clear, he shall have neither oil nor wick from me, d—n him!’ ‘But I should have supposed that in the hour of danger you would have paid him more than usual attention?’ ‘The fact is, Sahib, I have found out that the fellow is not worth his salt: the last time we had an infernal squall with him on board, and if he does not keep this one off, I’ll just throw him overboard, and take to Santa Caterina; hang me if I don’t—the brother-in-law!’” [Brother-in-law, a common term of insult.][49]Primitive Semitic Religion.[50]Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Vol. IV.[51]W. Crooke: Natives of Northern India.[52]Bombay Gazetteer(Kathiawar), Vol. VIII.[53]Folklore Notes, Vol. I—Gujarat.[54]Ibid., Vol. II—Konkan.[55]Ethnology in Folklore.[56]Knowlson: The Origins of Popular Superstitions and Customs.[57]G. F. Abbott: Macedonian Folklore.
[1]Even to this day people in rural England scare away the spirit of ague by saying “Ague! farewell till we meet in hell.” Similarly, they appease the spirit of cramp by saying “Cramp, be thou faultless, as our Lady was when she bore Jesus.”
[1]Even to this day people in rural England scare away the spirit of ague by saying “Ague! farewell till we meet in hell.” Similarly, they appease the spirit of cramp by saying “Cramp, be thou faultless, as our Lady was when she bore Jesus.”
[2]Folklore Notes, Vol. I.—Gujarat.
[2]Folklore Notes, Vol. I.—Gujarat.
[3]Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay. Paper on the Cult of the Bath by Mr. K. M. Jhaveri, Vol. IX.
[3]Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay. Paper on the Cult of the Bath by Mr. K. M. Jhaveri, Vol. IX.
[4]With this incident may be compared the English traditions concerning the preservation of the holy wells of England,videpage 75.
[4]With this incident may be compared the English traditions concerning the preservation of the holy wells of England,videpage 75.
[5]The Athenæum, August 26th 1893.
[5]The Athenæum, August 26th 1893.
[6]Evans Wentz: The Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries.
[6]Evans Wentz: The Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries.
[7]Latham: Descriptive Ethnology.
[7]Latham: Descriptive Ethnology.
[8]The Zoroastrian monthAbannamed afterArdevi Sura Anahitacoincided for the most part with February, which is named after Juno, derived from the Sabine wordFebrus, to purify. Juno also presided over the ceremony of purification of women.
[8]The Zoroastrian monthAbannamed afterArdevi Sura Anahitacoincided for the most part with February, which is named after Juno, derived from the Sabine wordFebrus, to purify. Juno also presided over the ceremony of purification of women.
[9]Videpart II, chapter XIII.
[9]Videpart II, chapter XIII.
[10]The Religion of the Semites.
[10]The Religion of the Semites.
[11]Tylor: Primitive Culture, Vol. II.
[11]Tylor: Primitive Culture, Vol. II.
[12]Jewish Encyclopædia.
[12]Jewish Encyclopædia.
[13]Max Müller: History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature.
[13]Max Müller: History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature.
[14]The Vicissitudes of Aryan Civilization in India.
[14]The Vicissitudes of Aryan Civilization in India.
[15]Primitive Culture, Vol. II.
[15]Primitive Culture, Vol. II.
[16]Primitive Culture, Vol. II.
[16]Primitive Culture, Vol. II.
[17]Miss Hamilton: Greek Saints and their Festivals.
[17]Miss Hamilton: Greek Saints and their Festivals.
[18]Gomme:Folklore as an Historical Science.
[18]Gomme:Folklore as an Historical Science.
[19]Since this chapter was written Russia has been in the throes of a revolution and it is not known who will preside at the ceremony in future in lieu of the Czar.
[19]Since this chapter was written Russia has been in the throes of a revolution and it is not known who will preside at the ceremony in future in lieu of the Czar.
[20]W. Crooke: Folklore of Northern India.
[20]W. Crooke: Folklore of Northern India.
[21]Crooke: Folklore of Northern India.
[21]Crooke: Folklore of Northern India.
[22]Faiths of Man.
[22]Faiths of Man.
[23]Dr. Felman: The Jewish Child.
[23]Dr. Felman: The Jewish Child.
[24]Bombay Gazetteer, xix.
[24]Bombay Gazetteer, xix.
[25]Crooke: Folklore of Northern India, vol. I.
[25]Crooke: Folklore of Northern India, vol. I.
[26]Ibid.
[26]Ibid.
[27]Hunt: Popular Romances.
[27]Hunt: Popular Romances.
[28]Major-General Forlong: Faiths of Man, vol. III.
[28]Major-General Forlong: Faiths of Man, vol. III.
[29]G. F. Abbott: Macedonian Folklore.
[29]G. F. Abbott: Macedonian Folklore.
[30]Ethnographic Survey of Baluchistan, Vol II.
[30]Ethnographic Survey of Baluchistan, Vol II.
[31]Census of India, 1901, Vol. XVII.
[31]Census of India, 1901, Vol. XVII.
[32]The Jewish Child.
[32]The Jewish Child.
[33]Clifford: In Court and Campong.
[33]Clifford: In Court and Campong.
[34]Statistical Account of Scotland.
[34]Statistical Account of Scotland.
[35]Faiths of Man.
[35]Faiths of Man.
[36]The Athenæum, August 26, 1893.
[36]The Athenæum, August 26, 1893.
[37]G. L. Gomme: Ethnology in Folklore.
[37]G. L. Gomme: Ethnology in Folklore.
[38]Good Words Magazine, 1905.
[38]Good Words Magazine, 1905.
[39]Mr. Sarat Chandra Mitra in theJournalof the Anthropological Society of Bombay, Vol. III.
[39]Mr. Sarat Chandra Mitra in theJournalof the Anthropological Society of Bombay, Vol. III.
[40]Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay, Vol. III., No. 5.
[40]Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay, Vol. III., No. 5.
[41]Codrington: The Melanesians.
[41]Codrington: The Melanesians.
[42]The Pirate.
[42]The Pirate.
[43]W. Crooke: Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India. In this work the name of the river is given asVaitaranî. It must not, however, be mistaken for the Vaitarana, the largest of the Thana rivers, which is mentioned in theMahabharatas one of the four sacred streams. The sacredness of its source, so near the spring of the holy Godaveri, attracted to the banks of the Vaitarana some of the first Aryan settlers. Seers like Narad, Vashistha and Indra betook themselves to the spring and the superhuman Yakshas, Gandharvas and Kinnars were attracted to its waters for bathing and sacrifice.
[43]W. Crooke: Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India. In this work the name of the river is given asVaitaranî. It must not, however, be mistaken for the Vaitarana, the largest of the Thana rivers, which is mentioned in theMahabharatas one of the four sacred streams. The sacredness of its source, so near the spring of the holy Godaveri, attracted to the banks of the Vaitarana some of the first Aryan settlers. Seers like Narad, Vashistha and Indra betook themselves to the spring and the superhuman Yakshas, Gandharvas and Kinnars were attracted to its waters for bathing and sacrifice.
[44]Ethnology in Folklore.
[44]Ethnology in Folklore.
[45]The Golden Bough, Vol. II.
[45]The Golden Bough, Vol. II.
[46]Primitive Culture, Vol. II.
[46]Primitive Culture, Vol. II.
[47]Primitive Semitic Religion.
[47]Primitive Semitic Religion.
[48]We may contrast with these examples the following illustration of punishing the gods and demi-gods for tolerating a tempest. It is quoted by Herbert Spencer in his “Study of Sociology,” from Captain Burton’s account of Goa to show how awe of power sways men’s religious beliefs:—“A pot of oil with a lighted wick was placed every night by the half-bred Portuguese Indians, before the painted doll, the patron saint of the boat in which we sailed from Goa. One evening, as the weather appeared likely to be squally, we observed that the usual compliment was not offered to the patron, and had the curiosity to inquire why. ‘Why,’ vociferated the tindal (captain), indignantly, ‘if that chap can’t keep the sky clear, he shall have neither oil nor wick from me, d—n him!’ ‘But I should have supposed that in the hour of danger you would have paid him more than usual attention?’ ‘The fact is, Sahib, I have found out that the fellow is not worth his salt: the last time we had an infernal squall with him on board, and if he does not keep this one off, I’ll just throw him overboard, and take to Santa Caterina; hang me if I don’t—the brother-in-law!’” [Brother-in-law, a common term of insult.]
[48]We may contrast with these examples the following illustration of punishing the gods and demi-gods for tolerating a tempest. It is quoted by Herbert Spencer in his “Study of Sociology,” from Captain Burton’s account of Goa to show how awe of power sways men’s religious beliefs:—
“A pot of oil with a lighted wick was placed every night by the half-bred Portuguese Indians, before the painted doll, the patron saint of the boat in which we sailed from Goa. One evening, as the weather appeared likely to be squally, we observed that the usual compliment was not offered to the patron, and had the curiosity to inquire why. ‘Why,’ vociferated the tindal (captain), indignantly, ‘if that chap can’t keep the sky clear, he shall have neither oil nor wick from me, d—n him!’ ‘But I should have supposed that in the hour of danger you would have paid him more than usual attention?’ ‘The fact is, Sahib, I have found out that the fellow is not worth his salt: the last time we had an infernal squall with him on board, and if he does not keep this one off, I’ll just throw him overboard, and take to Santa Caterina; hang me if I don’t—the brother-in-law!’” [Brother-in-law, a common term of insult.]
[49]Primitive Semitic Religion.
[49]Primitive Semitic Religion.
[50]Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Vol. IV.
[50]Journal of the Anthropological Institute, Vol. IV.
[51]W. Crooke: Natives of Northern India.
[51]W. Crooke: Natives of Northern India.
[52]Bombay Gazetteer(Kathiawar), Vol. VIII.
[52]Bombay Gazetteer(Kathiawar), Vol. VIII.
[53]Folklore Notes, Vol. I—Gujarat.
[53]Folklore Notes, Vol. I—Gujarat.
[54]Ibid., Vol. II—Konkan.
[54]Ibid., Vol. II—Konkan.
[55]Ethnology in Folklore.
[55]Ethnology in Folklore.
[56]Knowlson: The Origins of Popular Superstitions and Customs.
[56]Knowlson: The Origins of Popular Superstitions and Customs.
[57]G. F. Abbott: Macedonian Folklore.
[57]G. F. Abbott: Macedonian Folklore.