Listed below are the sources found most useful in preparing this account.
Bourke, John G.On the Border with Crook.London: Sampson, Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1892.
Brady, Cyrus T.Indian Fights and Fighters.Garden City: Doubleday, Page and Co., 1913.
Bronson, Edgar B.Reminiscences of a Ranchman.New York: McClure Co., 1908.
Bruce, Robert.The Fighting Norths and Pawnee Scouts.Privately printed, c. 1932.
Carter, William H.The History of Fort Robinson.Crawford, Nebr.: Northwest Nebraska News, 1942.
Clark, William P.The Indian Sign Language.Philadelphia: L. R. Hamersly, 1885.
DeBarthe, Joseph.The Life and Adventures of Frank Grouard.St. Joseph, Mo.: Combe Printing Co., c. 1894.
Flannery, L. G. (ed.)Volume I, John Hunton’s Diary, 1873-75.Lingle, Wyo.: Guide-Review, c. 1956.
Forrest, Earle R. and Milner, Joe E.California Joe.Caldwell, I.: Caxton Printers, 1935.
Grinnell, George Bird.The Fighting Cheyennes.New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1915.
——.Two Great Scouts and Their Pawnee Battalion.Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1928.
Hafen, Leroy R. and Young, Francis M.Fort Laramie and the Pageant of the West, 1834-1890.Glendale, Calif.: Arthur H. Clark Co., 1938.
Hyde, George E.Red Cloud’s Folk, A History of the Oglala Sioux Indians.Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1937.
Lawson, Laurin L.Souvenir History of Fort Robinson.Crawford, Nebr.: Northwest Nebraska News, 1930.
McGillycuddy, Julia Blanchard.McGillicuddy Agent, A Biography of Dr. Valentine T. McGillicuddy.Stanford University, Calif: Stanford University Press, c. 1941.
Mills, Anson.My Story.Washington, D. C.: Published by the author, 1918.
Sandoz, Mari.Cheyenne Autumn.New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., c. 1953.
——.Crazy Horse, the Strange Man of the Oglalas.New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1942.
——.Old Jules.Boston: Little, Brown, & Co., 1935.
Schmitt, Martin F. (ed.)General George Crook, His Autobiography.Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1946.
Nebraska History, a Quarterly Magazine.Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society, 1918——.
Allen, Charles W., “Red Cloud and the U. S. Flag,” XXII, No. 1 (January-March, 1941), 77-88.Brininstool, E . A.,et al.“Chief Crazy Horse, His Career and Death,” XII, No. 1 (January-March, 1929), 4-78.Burns, Robert H. “The Newman Ranches, Pioneer Cattle Ranches of the West,” XXXIV, No. 1 (March, 1953), 21-32.Cook, James H. “Early Days in Ogallala,” XIV, No. 2 (April-June, 1933), 86-99.Mahnken, Norbert R. “The Sidney-Black Hills Trail,” XXX, No. 3 (September, 1948), 203-225.Mattison, Ray H. “The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885,” XXXV, No. 1 (March, 1954), 17-43.——. “The Indian Reservation System on the Upper Missouri, 1865-1890,” XXXVI, No. 3 (September, 1955), 141-172.Unthank, O. B. “Red Cloud Agency and Fort Laramie, 1867-1874,” VII, No. 1 (January-March, 1924), 27-29.Wight, Willard E. (ed.) “A Young Medical Officer’s Letters From Fort Robinson and Fort Leavenworth, 1906-1907,” XXXVII, No. 2 (June, 1956), 135-147.Wilson, Everett P. “The Story of the Oglala and Brule Sioux in the Pine Ridge Country of Northwest Nebraska in the Middle Seventies,” XXII, No. 1 (January-March, 1941), 15-32.
Allen, Charles W., “Red Cloud and the U. S. Flag,” XXII, No. 1 (January-March, 1941), 77-88.
Brininstool, E . A.,et al.“Chief Crazy Horse, His Career and Death,” XII, No. 1 (January-March, 1929), 4-78.
Burns, Robert H. “The Newman Ranches, Pioneer Cattle Ranches of the West,” XXXIV, No. 1 (March, 1953), 21-32.
Cook, James H. “Early Days in Ogallala,” XIV, No. 2 (April-June, 1933), 86-99.
Mahnken, Norbert R. “The Sidney-Black Hills Trail,” XXX, No. 3 (September, 1948), 203-225.
Mattison, Ray H. “The Army Post on the Northern Plains, 1865-1885,” XXXV, No. 1 (March, 1954), 17-43.
——. “The Indian Reservation System on the Upper Missouri, 1865-1890,” XXXVI, No. 3 (September, 1955), 141-172.
Unthank, O. B. “Red Cloud Agency and Fort Laramie, 1867-1874,” VII, No. 1 (January-March, 1924), 27-29.
Wight, Willard E. (ed.) “A Young Medical Officer’s Letters From Fort Robinson and Fort Leavenworth, 1906-1907,” XXXVII, No. 2 (June, 1956), 135-147.
Wilson, Everett P. “The Story of the Oglala and Brule Sioux in the Pine Ridge Country of Northwest Nebraska in the Middle Seventies,” XXII, No. 1 (January-March, 1941), 15-32.
Bourke, John G. “Mackenzie’s Last Fight with the Cheyennes,”Journal of the Military Service Institution, XI, No. 42 (January, 1890), 29-49; No. 43 (March, 1890), 198-221.
Northwest Nebraska News(Crawford, Nebr.), June 18, 1936.
Omaha Weekly Bee(Omaha, Nebr.), 1874-1878.
Baker, Marvel L., Johnson, Leslie E., and Davis, Russell L., “Beef Cattle Research at Fort Robinson,” University of Nebraska College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,Miscellaneous PublicationNo. 1, April, 1952.
Brackett, Albert G., “The Sioux or Dakota Indians,” Report of the Smithsonian Institution, 1877,Senate Miscellaneous Documents, No. 46, 44th Congress, 2d. Session.
Report of the Secretary of War (1875),House Executive Documents, No. 1, Part 2, 44th Congress, 1st Session.
Report of the Secretary of War for 1879,House Executive Documents, No. 1, Part 2, 46th Congress, 2d. Session.
Reports on Indian Arms,Annual Report of the Chief of Ordnance for 1879, Appendix V. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1879.
U. S. National Archives, Microfilm, Nebraska State Historical Society
U. S. War DepartmentCamp Sheridan, Nebraska:Orders, 1874-1881Letters Sent, 1874-1875Letters Received, 1874Medical History of Camp Sheridan, Nebraska, 1874-1881Post Returns, Camp Sheridan, Nebraska, January 1876-April 1881Fort Robinson:Selected Letters Sent, 1884-1900, Record Group 98Selected Post Orders, 1874-1897, Record Group 98Selected Documents from Medical History of Post, Record Group 98Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Document File 563-AGO-1874, Record Group 94Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Document File 4163 (Sioux War)—1876, Record Group 94Records of U. S. Army Commands, Selected Documents, Sioux Expedition, 1874, Record Group 98Bureau of Indian Affairs:Letters Received, Red Cloud Agency, 1871-1880, Record Group 75Selected Documents, Letters Received, Spotted Tail Agency 1875-1880. Letters Sent, Spotted Tail Agency, 1865-1881, Record Group 75
U. S. War Department
Camp Sheridan, Nebraska:Orders, 1874-1881Letters Sent, 1874-1875Letters Received, 1874Medical History of Camp Sheridan, Nebraska, 1874-1881Post Returns, Camp Sheridan, Nebraska, January 1876-April 1881
Camp Sheridan, Nebraska:
Orders, 1874-1881Letters Sent, 1874-1875Letters Received, 1874Medical History of Camp Sheridan, Nebraska, 1874-1881Post Returns, Camp Sheridan, Nebraska, January 1876-April 1881
Orders, 1874-1881
Letters Sent, 1874-1875
Letters Received, 1874
Medical History of Camp Sheridan, Nebraska, 1874-1881
Post Returns, Camp Sheridan, Nebraska, January 1876-April 1881
Fort Robinson:Selected Letters Sent, 1884-1900, Record Group 98Selected Post Orders, 1874-1897, Record Group 98Selected Documents from Medical History of Post, Record Group 98Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Document File 563-AGO-1874, Record Group 94Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Document File 4163 (Sioux War)—1876, Record Group 94Records of U. S. Army Commands, Selected Documents, Sioux Expedition, 1874, Record Group 98
Fort Robinson:
Selected Letters Sent, 1884-1900, Record Group 98Selected Post Orders, 1874-1897, Record Group 98Selected Documents from Medical History of Post, Record Group 98Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Document File 563-AGO-1874, Record Group 94Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Document File 4163 (Sioux War)—1876, Record Group 94Records of U. S. Army Commands, Selected Documents, Sioux Expedition, 1874, Record Group 98
Selected Letters Sent, 1884-1900, Record Group 98
Selected Post Orders, 1874-1897, Record Group 98
Selected Documents from Medical History of Post, Record Group 98
Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Document File 563-AGO-1874, Record Group 94
Records of the Adjutant General’s Office, Document File 4163 (Sioux War)—1876, Record Group 94
Records of U. S. Army Commands, Selected Documents, Sioux Expedition, 1874, Record Group 98
Bureau of Indian Affairs:Letters Received, Red Cloud Agency, 1871-1880, Record Group 75Selected Documents, Letters Received, Spotted Tail Agency 1875-1880. Letters Sent, Spotted Tail Agency, 1865-1881, Record Group 75
Bureau of Indian Affairs:
Letters Received, Red Cloud Agency, 1871-1880, Record Group 75Selected Documents, Letters Received, Spotted Tail Agency 1875-1880. Letters Sent, Spotted Tail Agency, 1865-1881, Record Group 75
Letters Received, Red Cloud Agency, 1871-1880, Record Group 75
Selected Documents, Letters Received, Spotted Tail Agency 1875-1880. Letters Sent, Spotted Tail Agency, 1865-1881, Record Group 75
Eli S. Ricker Collection: Interviews, Statements, Letters, Notes, Mss., Nebraska State Historical Society
Notebook kept by Dr. V. T. McGillycuddy, M.D., while a member of the Yellowstone and Big Horn Expedition May 26 to December 13, 1876 and notes kept by his wife Fanny at Camp Robinson December 13, 1876-February 22, 1877 and with the army on an expedition to the Black Hills, February 23-April 11, 1877, typed copy, Nebraska State Historical Society.
[1]Lt. Gen. P. H. Sheridan to Gen. W. T. Sherman, March 3, 1874, Office of the Adjutant General, Records of the War Department, Document File 563-AGO-1874 (National Archives and Record Service, Record Group 94, Ms., microfilm). Hereafter these documents will be cited as NARS, RG 94.[2]Located in Wyoming on the Platte River just west of the Nebraska line near the present town of Henry, Nebraska.[3]During the buffalo hunt the Sioux discovered and defeated a hunting party of their traditional Pawnee enemies on August 5, 1873. The site of the Battle of Massacre Canyon is near the present town of Trenton, Nebraska.[4]Sitting Bull of the South (or Sitting Bull the Oglala), head soldier of the Kiyuksa Oglala band, is not to be confused with the Sitting Bull (the Hunkpapa) of Custer Battle fame.[5]Man Afraid of His Horses (the elder) led the Hunkpatila band. Both he and his son were prominent in affairs at Red Cloud Agency. For a detailed discussion of the position of these and other Indian leaders, see George E. Hyde,Red Cloud’s Folk(Norman, Okla., 1937).[6]J. J. Saville to Gen. J. E. Smith, February 9, 1874, NARS, RG 94.[7]Omaha Weekly Bee, February 18, 1874.[8]S. V. Benet, Acting Chief of Ordnance, to Adjutant General, U. S. Army, February 16, 1874, NARS, RG 94.[9]Companies B and G, Third Cavalry and Companies A, C, E, I, M and K, Second Cavalry, made up the cavalry battalion. Companies B, C, F, H, and K, Eighth Infantry, Companies B and K, Thirteenth Infantry, and Company F, Fourteenth Infantry, composed the infantry battalion.[10]As a result the expedition returned via a different route. Later the road between Fort Laramie and Red Cloud Agency was partially relocated and necessary bridges built.[11]Camp Robinson: Company G, Third Cavalry; Company H, Eighth Infantry; Company F, Fourteenth Infantry; Companies B and K, Thirteenth Infantry.[12]Band chiefs and “soldiers” (camp police) had authority only in their own camp. The four men selected to have supreme authority during the annual tribal encampment were not chiefs but prominent warriors. For a discussion of some of the differences in authority between chiefs and prominent warriors, see Hyde,op. cit., pp. 308-315.[13]Lt. Gen. P. H. Sheridan to Gen. W. T. Sherman, March 3, 1874, NARS, RG 94.[14]“Record of the Medical History of Post [Fort Robinson], Medical Department, U. S. Army” (Ms. copy), Tablet No. 31, Ricker Collection, Nebraska State Historical Society.[15]Hyde,op. cit., pp. 221, 222; J. J. Saville to Hon. E. P. Smith, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, October 24, 1874 and Capt. W. H. Jordan to Gen. George D. Ruggles, October 29, 1874, NARS, RG 94.[16]General Orders No. 13, February 21, 1876, Fort Robinson, Nebraska Selected Post Orders, 1874-97, U. S. Army Commands, Records of the War Department, NARS, RG 98.[17]About eight hundred more Sioux were hunting south of the Platte River.[18]Capt. H. M. Lazelle to Gen. John E. Smith, April 6, 1874, NARS, RG 94.[19]A. G. Brackett, “The Sioux or Dakota Indians,” Smithsonian Institution,Annual Report, 1876, pp. 466-474.[20]Interview by Judge E. S. Ricker with George Colhoff, Tablet No. 17, Ms, Ricker Collection, Nebraska State Historical Society.[21]The names of Camp Robinson and Red Cloud Agency, and Camp Sheridan and Spotted Tail Agency were frequently employed as synonyms because of the proximity of the military posts to the respective agencies; hence a group surrendering at Red Cloud Agency could also be spoken of as surrendering at Camp Robinson.[22]W. P. Clark,The Indian Sign Language(Philadelphia, 1885), p. 296.[23]Before becoming a scout for the army Grouard had lived for several years in the camps of the hostiles Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. His later action in leading soldiers in the campaigns was unfavorable to his former friends. It has been suggested that he therefore had reason to fear Crazy Horse.[24]General Crook to Gen. E. D. Townsend, Adjutant General, September 5, 1877, NARS, RG 94.[25]The death of Crazy Horse is a complex event and both eyewitness descriptions and reconstructions of it vary in detail. This account is a brief summary rather than an analysis.[26]In the fall of 1877 New Red Cloud Agency was located on the Missouri River in Dakota Territory at the mouth of Yellow Medicine Creek.[27]Notebook kept by Dr. V. T. McGillycuddy, M.D., while a member of the Yellowstone and Big Horn Expedition May 26 to December 13, 1876 and notes kept by his wife Fanny at Camp Robinson December 13, 1876-February 22, 1877 and with the army on an expedition to the Black Hills, February 23-April 11, 1877, typed copy, Nebraska State Historical Society. See entry for December 13, 1876.[28]“Record of the Medical History of Post,”op. cit.[29]McGillicuddy,op. cit., entry for December 28-31, 1876.[30]General Orders No. 23, March 24, 1877, Fort Robinson, Nebraska Selected Post Orders, 1874-97, NARS, RG 98. General Orders No. 43, December 29, 1874, Camp Sheridan, Nebraska Orders, 1874-1881, NARS.[31]General Orders No. 16, Fort Robinson, Nebraska, January 24, 1888 give this routine:I. Hereafter the calls of this post will be sounded as follows:First Call15 minutes before sunriseMarch10 minutes before sunriseReveille and AssemblySunriseBreakfast CallImmediately after reveilleSick Call7:30A.M.Fatigue Call7:45A.M.Guard Mounting Assembly of Trumpeters9:00A.M.Guard Mounting Assembly of Details9:05A.M.Guard Mounting Adjutants Calls9:10A.M.School Call (for children)9:00A.M.Drill Call Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays9:30A.M.Water Call9:45A.M.Recall from Drill10:30A.M.Recall from Fatigue11:45A.M.1st Sergeants Call11:45A.M.Dinner Call12:00MFatigue and School Call (School call for children)1:00P.M.Drill Call1:30P.M.Recall from Drill3:00P.M.Water Call (which shall be recall for cavalry from fatigue)3:30P.M.Stable Call3:45P.M.Recall from Fatigue5:00P.M.Retreat First Call5 minutes before sunsetRetreat AssemblySunsetTatoo First Call8:45P.M.Tatoo March8:55P.M.Tatoo and Assembly9:00P.M.Taps9:30P.M.Dress Parade15 minutes before sunsetDress Parade, Assembly5 minutes after sunsetSchool Call for Soldiers (Saturday and Sunday excepted)7:00P.M.School Call for Officers Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday1:00P.M.School Call for non-com Officers Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday10:45A.M.Sunday Morning Inspection9:00A.M.Sunday Morning Assembly9:00A.M.Signal Instruction Wednesday from 2:30 to3:30P.M.[32]Telegram, Lt. Biddle to Assistant Adjutant General, Department of the Platte, October 16, 1891, NARS, RG 98. Artificer Cornelius Donovan died of a fractured skull inflicted by Sergeant of the Guard Jackson.[33]“Record of the Medical History of Post,”op. cit.[34]This brief summary of the Cheyenne Outbreak is not detailed; there are numerous longer descriptions and eyewitness accounts.[35]Martin F. Schmitt, ed.,General George Crook, His Autobiography(Norman, Okla., 1946), p. 226.[36]Crawford was named for Capt. Emmet Crawford, Third Cavalry, who played a prominent role in the history of Fort Robinson. He was killed in Mexico in January 1886 while pursuing hostile Apache Indians.[37]Col. Edward Hatch to Adjutant General, U. S. Army, April 20, 1888; Lt. A. R. Egbert to the Coroner of Dawes County, Chadron, Nebr., August 31, 1886; Endorsement, Proceedings of a Board of Survey, September 23, 1886; Major A. S. Burt to the Hon. Judge Dundy, U. S. Circuit Court, Omaha, Nebr., January 4, 1888; Fort Robinson, Nebraska, Selected Letters Sent, 1884-1900, NARS, RG 98.[38]Veteran white officers commanded the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry regiments. Both regiments served at Fort Robinson, the Ninth during the 1880’s and 1890’s and the Tenth in the early 1900’s. Both regiments won renown during the Indian Wars.[39]Col. D. Perry to Adjutant General, Department of the Platte, Omaha, Nebraska, April 2, 1897, NARS, RG 98.[40]All graves in the post cemetery were removed to Fort McPherson National Cemetery, Nebraska, when the Army turned the post over to the United States Department of Agriculture.[41]When Capt. Anson Mills directed construction of new buildings at Camp Sheridan in 1875 Spotted Tail told him he knew troops were to be permanently stationed at his agency because “when they put rocks under their houses they are going to stay.” (Anson Mills,My Story[Washington, 1918], p. 163.)[42]“Camp Robinson, Nebraska,”Report on the Hygiene of the United States Army(Washington, 1875), Surgeon-General’s Office, Circular No. 8, pp. 366-367.
[1]Lt. Gen. P. H. Sheridan to Gen. W. T. Sherman, March 3, 1874, Office of the Adjutant General, Records of the War Department, Document File 563-AGO-1874 (National Archives and Record Service, Record Group 94, Ms., microfilm). Hereafter these documents will be cited as NARS, RG 94.
[2]Located in Wyoming on the Platte River just west of the Nebraska line near the present town of Henry, Nebraska.
[3]During the buffalo hunt the Sioux discovered and defeated a hunting party of their traditional Pawnee enemies on August 5, 1873. The site of the Battle of Massacre Canyon is near the present town of Trenton, Nebraska.
[4]Sitting Bull of the South (or Sitting Bull the Oglala), head soldier of the Kiyuksa Oglala band, is not to be confused with the Sitting Bull (the Hunkpapa) of Custer Battle fame.
[5]Man Afraid of His Horses (the elder) led the Hunkpatila band. Both he and his son were prominent in affairs at Red Cloud Agency. For a detailed discussion of the position of these and other Indian leaders, see George E. Hyde,Red Cloud’s Folk(Norman, Okla., 1937).
[6]J. J. Saville to Gen. J. E. Smith, February 9, 1874, NARS, RG 94.
[7]Omaha Weekly Bee, February 18, 1874.
[8]S. V. Benet, Acting Chief of Ordnance, to Adjutant General, U. S. Army, February 16, 1874, NARS, RG 94.
[9]Companies B and G, Third Cavalry and Companies A, C, E, I, M and K, Second Cavalry, made up the cavalry battalion. Companies B, C, F, H, and K, Eighth Infantry, Companies B and K, Thirteenth Infantry, and Company F, Fourteenth Infantry, composed the infantry battalion.
[10]As a result the expedition returned via a different route. Later the road between Fort Laramie and Red Cloud Agency was partially relocated and necessary bridges built.
[11]Camp Robinson: Company G, Third Cavalry; Company H, Eighth Infantry; Company F, Fourteenth Infantry; Companies B and K, Thirteenth Infantry.
[12]Band chiefs and “soldiers” (camp police) had authority only in their own camp. The four men selected to have supreme authority during the annual tribal encampment were not chiefs but prominent warriors. For a discussion of some of the differences in authority between chiefs and prominent warriors, see Hyde,op. cit., pp. 308-315.
[13]Lt. Gen. P. H. Sheridan to Gen. W. T. Sherman, March 3, 1874, NARS, RG 94.
[14]“Record of the Medical History of Post [Fort Robinson], Medical Department, U. S. Army” (Ms. copy), Tablet No. 31, Ricker Collection, Nebraska State Historical Society.
[15]Hyde,op. cit., pp. 221, 222; J. J. Saville to Hon. E. P. Smith, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, October 24, 1874 and Capt. W. H. Jordan to Gen. George D. Ruggles, October 29, 1874, NARS, RG 94.
[16]General Orders No. 13, February 21, 1876, Fort Robinson, Nebraska Selected Post Orders, 1874-97, U. S. Army Commands, Records of the War Department, NARS, RG 98.
[17]About eight hundred more Sioux were hunting south of the Platte River.
[18]Capt. H. M. Lazelle to Gen. John E. Smith, April 6, 1874, NARS, RG 94.
[19]A. G. Brackett, “The Sioux or Dakota Indians,” Smithsonian Institution,Annual Report, 1876, pp. 466-474.
[20]Interview by Judge E. S. Ricker with George Colhoff, Tablet No. 17, Ms, Ricker Collection, Nebraska State Historical Society.
[21]The names of Camp Robinson and Red Cloud Agency, and Camp Sheridan and Spotted Tail Agency were frequently employed as synonyms because of the proximity of the military posts to the respective agencies; hence a group surrendering at Red Cloud Agency could also be spoken of as surrendering at Camp Robinson.
[22]W. P. Clark,The Indian Sign Language(Philadelphia, 1885), p. 296.
[23]Before becoming a scout for the army Grouard had lived for several years in the camps of the hostiles Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. His later action in leading soldiers in the campaigns was unfavorable to his former friends. It has been suggested that he therefore had reason to fear Crazy Horse.
[24]General Crook to Gen. E. D. Townsend, Adjutant General, September 5, 1877, NARS, RG 94.
[25]The death of Crazy Horse is a complex event and both eyewitness descriptions and reconstructions of it vary in detail. This account is a brief summary rather than an analysis.
[26]In the fall of 1877 New Red Cloud Agency was located on the Missouri River in Dakota Territory at the mouth of Yellow Medicine Creek.
[27]Notebook kept by Dr. V. T. McGillycuddy, M.D., while a member of the Yellowstone and Big Horn Expedition May 26 to December 13, 1876 and notes kept by his wife Fanny at Camp Robinson December 13, 1876-February 22, 1877 and with the army on an expedition to the Black Hills, February 23-April 11, 1877, typed copy, Nebraska State Historical Society. See entry for December 13, 1876.
[28]“Record of the Medical History of Post,”op. cit.
[29]McGillicuddy,op. cit., entry for December 28-31, 1876.
[30]General Orders No. 23, March 24, 1877, Fort Robinson, Nebraska Selected Post Orders, 1874-97, NARS, RG 98. General Orders No. 43, December 29, 1874, Camp Sheridan, Nebraska Orders, 1874-1881, NARS.
[31]General Orders No. 16, Fort Robinson, Nebraska, January 24, 1888 give this routine:
I. Hereafter the calls of this post will be sounded as follows:First Call15 minutes before sunriseMarch10 minutes before sunriseReveille and AssemblySunriseBreakfast CallImmediately after reveilleSick Call7:30A.M.Fatigue Call7:45A.M.Guard Mounting Assembly of Trumpeters9:00A.M.Guard Mounting Assembly of Details9:05A.M.Guard Mounting Adjutants Calls9:10A.M.School Call (for children)9:00A.M.Drill Call Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Thursdays9:30A.M.Water Call9:45A.M.Recall from Drill10:30A.M.Recall from Fatigue11:45A.M.1st Sergeants Call11:45A.M.Dinner Call12:00MFatigue and School Call (School call for children)1:00P.M.Drill Call1:30P.M.Recall from Drill3:00P.M.Water Call (which shall be recall for cavalry from fatigue)3:30P.M.Stable Call3:45P.M.Recall from Fatigue5:00P.M.Retreat First Call5 minutes before sunsetRetreat AssemblySunsetTatoo First Call8:45P.M.Tatoo March8:55P.M.Tatoo and Assembly9:00P.M.Taps9:30P.M.Dress Parade15 minutes before sunsetDress Parade, Assembly5 minutes after sunsetSchool Call for Soldiers (Saturday and Sunday excepted)7:00P.M.School Call for Officers Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday1:00P.M.School Call for non-com Officers Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday10:45A.M.Sunday Morning Inspection9:00A.M.Sunday Morning Assembly9:00A.M.Signal Instruction Wednesday from 2:30 to3:30P.M.
I. Hereafter the calls of this post will be sounded as follows:
[32]Telegram, Lt. Biddle to Assistant Adjutant General, Department of the Platte, October 16, 1891, NARS, RG 98. Artificer Cornelius Donovan died of a fractured skull inflicted by Sergeant of the Guard Jackson.
[33]“Record of the Medical History of Post,”op. cit.
[34]This brief summary of the Cheyenne Outbreak is not detailed; there are numerous longer descriptions and eyewitness accounts.
[35]Martin F. Schmitt, ed.,General George Crook, His Autobiography(Norman, Okla., 1946), p. 226.
[36]Crawford was named for Capt. Emmet Crawford, Third Cavalry, who played a prominent role in the history of Fort Robinson. He was killed in Mexico in January 1886 while pursuing hostile Apache Indians.
[37]Col. Edward Hatch to Adjutant General, U. S. Army, April 20, 1888; Lt. A. R. Egbert to the Coroner of Dawes County, Chadron, Nebr., August 31, 1886; Endorsement, Proceedings of a Board of Survey, September 23, 1886; Major A. S. Burt to the Hon. Judge Dundy, U. S. Circuit Court, Omaha, Nebr., January 4, 1888; Fort Robinson, Nebraska, Selected Letters Sent, 1884-1900, NARS, RG 98.
[38]Veteran white officers commanded the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry regiments. Both regiments served at Fort Robinson, the Ninth during the 1880’s and 1890’s and the Tenth in the early 1900’s. Both regiments won renown during the Indian Wars.
[39]Col. D. Perry to Adjutant General, Department of the Platte, Omaha, Nebraska, April 2, 1897, NARS, RG 98.
[40]All graves in the post cemetery were removed to Fort McPherson National Cemetery, Nebraska, when the Army turned the post over to the United States Department of Agriculture.
[41]When Capt. Anson Mills directed construction of new buildings at Camp Sheridan in 1875 Spotted Tail told him he knew troops were to be permanently stationed at his agency because “when they put rocks under their houses they are going to stay.” (Anson Mills,My Story[Washington, 1918], p. 163.)
[42]“Camp Robinson, Nebraska,”Report on the Hygiene of the United States Army(Washington, 1875), Surgeon-General’s Office, Circular No. 8, pp. 366-367.
FORT ROBINSON1874-1954High-resolution Version
FORT ROBINSON1874-1954
High-resolution Version
This plan shows major buildings constructed. Buildings shown in black are still standing; those in outline are no longer in existence.
VANCE E. NELSONCurator, Fort Robinson MuseumNebraska State Historical SocietyCrawford, Nebraska
The Nebraska State Historical Society was founded as the State Historical Society and Library Association in 1867, the year Nebraska was admitted to the Union. It was reorganized as the Nebraska State Historical Society in 1878. It was constituted as a state organization by act of the Nebraska Legislature in 1883, and designated custodian of all public records, documents, and other materials of historical value by legislative act of 1905. It moved into its present air-conditioned, fireproof building in 1953.
The Society was created to collect and preserve the record of Nebraska and its people. It maintains archives, a library, and a museum for use of the public. It is particularly anxious to secure valuable records and materials now in private hands where they cannot be preserved.
In performing its important function, it solicits the support of all public-spirited citizens—support which can best be expressed through membership in the Society. Membership carries with it a voice in the government of the Society, including election of the members of the Executive Board. Members receive, without further payment, NEBRASKA HISTORY, published quarterly; and the HISTORICAL NEWS LETTER, issued monthly. Applicants for membership should address Marvin F. Kivett, Director, Nebraska State Historical Society, 1500 R Street, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68508.