No. 1.BLACK.Chessboard showing the layout describedWHITE.
No. 1.
BLACK.
WHITE.
It will be observed that the two Queens are opposite each other, and that each Queen stands upon a square of the same colour as herself. For irregularities in setting up the men, see the Laws of Chess.
Theplayersare designated by the colour of the men with which they play, Black or White, and White always has the first move. In a series of games each player alternately takes the white men with the first move. It is usual to draw for the first game, one player concealing in each hand a pawn of a different colour, and offering the choice of hands to his adversary. Whichever colour the chosen hand contains is the one the chooser must take for the first game.
The duplicate pieces of each colour are distinguished by their position with regard to the King or Queen; those on the King’s side being called the King’s Bishop, the King’s Knight, and the King’s Rook. Those on the Queen’s side are the Queen’s Bishop, Queen’s Knight, and Queen’s Rook. The pawns are designated by the pieces in front of which they stand; King’s Pawn; Queen’s Knight’s Pawn, etc.
The comparativevalue of the pieceschanges a little in the course of play, the Rooks especially not being so valuable early in the game. Authorities differ a little as to the exact value of the pieces, but if we take the Pawn as a unit, the fighting value of the others will be about as follows:—
THE MOVES.Each piece has a movement peculiar to itself, and, with the exception of the Pawns, any piece can capture and remove from the board any opposing piece which it finds in its line of movement. The captured piece is not jumped over, but the capturing piece simply occupies the square on which the captured piece stood. The movement of each piece should be studied separately.
♟The Pawnsmove straight forward, one square at a time, except on the first move, when they have the privilege of moving either one or two squares, at the option of the player. In capturing, the Pawn does not take the piece directly in its path, but the one diagonally in front of it on either side. Such a capture of course takes the Pawn from the file it originally occupied, and it must then continue to advance in a straight line on its new file. In Diagram No. 2, the white Pawns could not capture either of the black Bishops or Rooks, but the Pawn on the left could take either of the black Knights:—
No. 2.Chessboard showing the layout describedWHITE.
No. 2.
WHITE.
After a Pawn has crossed the middle line of the board into the adversary’s territory, it is called apassed Pawn. If an adverse Pawn attempts to pass this Pawn by availing itself of the privilege of moving two squares the first time, that would not prevent the passed Pawn from capturing iten passant. In the position shown in Diagram No. 3, for instance, if the black Queen’s Pawn were to advance two squares, the white Pawn could capture it en passant, lifting it from the board, and taking the position that the black Pawn would have occupied if it had moved only one square the first time; that is, the first black square in front of the Queen. A Pawn can be taken en passant only by another pawn, never by any other piece.
No. 3.BLACK.Chessboard showing the layout described
No. 3.
BLACK.
♜The Rookcan be moved any number of squares at a time, forward or backward, but only in vertical or horizontal lines, never diagonally. The Rook’s movement is of course limited by pieces obstructing its path, for it cannot jump over anything. At the beginning of the game, for instance, the Rook cannot move at all.
♝The Bishopcan be moved any number of squares at a time, forward or backward, but only in diagonal lines, never horizontally or vertically. For this reason the Bishop never leaves the squares of the same colour as that on which it originally stood. A Bishop is often spoken of as a white Bishop or a black Bishop, which does not mean that it is one of White’s Bishops, or one of Black’s; but that it stands upon a white or black square. Like the Rook, the Bishop cannot jump over other pieces, and cannot be moved at all until one or other of the two Pawns diagonally in front of it have opened the way.
♛The Queencombines the movements of the Rook and Bishop, and can be moved horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, any number of squares at a time, provided that the path is clear. Like the Rook and Bishop, she cannot move at all until some of the adjoining pieces have made a way for her.
♚The Kinghas the same movement as the Queen, but is limited to one square at a time. The King is not allowed to move to a square which would expose him to capture by adverse pieces, for reasons which will presently be explained.
♞The Knighthas a very peculiar movement, which is L shaped, and necessitates his changing the colour of the square he stands on, every time he moves. The simplest way for the beginner to learn the Knight’s move is to observe that he must go two squares, neither more nor less, in a vertical or a horizontal direction, and must then change the colour of the square he stands on by going one square either to the right or left, which will complete the L shaped movement. Diagram No. 4 will show that when the Knight is away from the side of theboard, he may go to any one of eight different squares; but when he is in a corner he can go to two only. For that reason Knights are much more powerful when placed near the centre of the board.
No. 4.Chessboard showing the layout described
No. 4.
The peculiarity of the Knight’s move is that it is not retarded by other pieces, because the Knight can jump over them, a privilege which is not given to any other piece on the board. In Diagram No. 5, for instance, the Knights have been legitimately moved, but no other piece could be moved until the Pawns had made way for it.
No. 5.Chessboard showing the layout described
No. 5.
There are one or two peculiar movements which are allowed only under certain conditions. One of these isCastling. If there are no pieces between the King and the Rook, and neitherpiece has been moved, the King may be moved two squares toward the Rook, and at the same time the Rook may be brought round to the other side of the King. The movement must be made with both hands, each manipulating a piece. In the position shown in Diagram No. 6, for instance, the King could castle on either side, with the King’s Rook, or with the Queen’s Rook:—
No. 6.Chessboard showing the layout described
No. 6.
If an adverse piece commands the square that would be passed over by the King in castling, the move is not allowed; because a King must not move into check, nor cross a square that is checked by an adverse piece nor castle out of check.
In Diagram No. 7 the position that would result from castling with the Queen’s Rook is shown by the black men.
No. 7.Chessboard showing the layout described
No. 7.
Queening Pawns.If a passed Pawn succeeds in reaching the last or eighth square on any file, the player to whom the Pawn belongs may call it anything he chooses, from a Queen to a Knight. If the piece he chooses has already been captured, it must be replaced on the board, and on the square occupied by the Pawn, which is then removed. If not, some other piece must be put upon the board as a marker; a Rook upside down, or a Pawn with a ring on it, may represent a second Queen.
OBJECT OF THE GAME.If all the pieces could be captured, the object of the game might be to clear the board of the adversary’s men, as in Checkers; but the peculiarity of Chess is that one piece, the King, cannot be captured, and the object is to get the adverse King in such a position that he could not escape capture if he were a capturable piece. When that is accomplished the King is said to bemated, and the player who first succeeds in giving mate to the adversary’s King wins the game, regardless of the number or value of the pieces either side may have on the board at the time the mate is accomplished.
When an adverse piece is moved so that it could capture the King on the next move, due notice must be given to the threatened King by announcing “Check,” and the player must immediately move his King out of check, interpose a piece or a Pawn, or capture the piece that gives the check. If he cannot do one of these three things he is mated, and loses the game. A very simple example of a mate is given in Diagram No. 8.
No. 8.Chessboard showing the layout described
No. 8.
The white Rook has just been moved down to the edge of the board, giving “check.” As the black King can move only one square at a time, he cannot get out of check by moving, because the only squares to which he could go would still leave him in check from the Rook. Neither the Knight nor the Bishop can interpose to shut out the Rook’s attack; neither of those pieces can capture the Rook; and the Pawns cannot move backward; so the black King is mated, and White wins the game.
A mate may take place in the middle of the board, as shown in Diagram No. 9.
No. 9.Chessboard showing the layout described
No. 9.
If the black Queen moves diagonally four squares, placing herself in front of the white King, and on the same horizontal file as the black Rook, it will be check-mate, because the white King cannot get out of one check into another by taking the Queen, which is protected by the Rook. For the same reason he cannot move, as the only squares open to him would leave him in check from the Queen, or move him into check from the black King.
Stalemate.If the King is not in check, but cannot move without going into check, and there is no other piece for the player to move, it is called a stale-mate, and the game is drawn. In Diagram No. 10, for instance,
No. 10.Chessboard showing the layout described
No. 10.
the black King cannot move without going into check from the Pawn or the King; none of the black Pawns can move, and Black cannot move the Rook without putting his own King in check, (from the Bishop,) which is not allowed.
Perpetual Check.If a piece gives check to the adverse King, and the King moves away, the check may be repeated, and the King must move again, or interpose a piece, or capture the checking piece. If the position is such that no matter how often the King moves or is covered he cannot get out of check, and no matter how much the opposing pieces move they cannot check-mate him, the game is drawn by perpetual check. Diagram No. 11 is an illustration of such a position.
No. 11.BLACK.Chessboard showing the layout described
No. 11.
BLACK.
The only way out of the check is to interpose the Queen, whereupon the white Queen will move diagonally to the edge of the board and check again, forcing the black Queen back where she came from, and drawing the game by perpetual check. If the black Queen moves away from the King, she will be captured, and White will give check-mate at the same time.
NOTATION.The various moves which take place in the course of a game are recorded by a system of chess notation, the number of the move being given first, and then the pieces moved and the direction of their movement. The names of the pieces themselves are used to distinguish the various files of squares running vertically from the piece itself to the opposite side of the board, and the seven squares in front of each piece are numbered from 2 to 8. No matter how much the pieces may be moved, the various vertical files still retain the name of the pieces which stood at the bottom of them when the men were first set up. In chess notation, only the initials of the pieces are used, K standing for King, and Kt for Knight. Although the files bear the same names, the numbers count from the side on which the men are placed, so that each square has a double name, depending on the colour of the man placed upon it.
No. 12.Chessboard showing the layout described, and introducing notation
No. 12.
In Diagram No. 12, for instance, both the Pawns that have been moved would be spoken of as on K 4. The Knight that has been moved is on K B 3, because it is a white Knight. If it was a black Knight it would be on K B 6, reckoning from the black side of the board for the black pieces. In order to test your understanding of this system of notation, which is very important in following published games or problems, take the board and men, white side next you, and set up the following position, remembering that when no number is given, the piece stands upon the square originally occupied by the piece which gives its name to the file:—
Black men;—King on Q R’s; Queen on Q Kt’s; Pawns on Q R 2, and Q Kt, 3; Rook on Q R 3.
White men;—King on Q Kt 5; Queen on Q B 6.
Now look at Diagram No 11, and see if you have it right.
In addition to the notation of position, there is that of action. If a dash is placed between the initials of the piece and the definition of the square, it shows first the piece moved, and then the square to which it is moved. In Diagram No 11, for instance, Black’s only move to cover the check would be given: Q-Q Kt 2; and White’s continuation would be given; Q-K 8.
The first of these might be abbreviated by saying, Q-Kt 2, because there is only one Kt 2 to which the Queen could be moved.
The moves of the white pieces are always given first, either in the left hand of two vertical columns, which are headed “White,” and “Black” respectively; or above a line which divides the white move from the black, the latter form being used in text-books, the former in newspapers. The moves in Diagram No. 11 would be as follows, supposing the white Queen to arrive from K8 in the first place:—
Or this;
1.Q-B 6, chQ-Kt 2
1.Q-B 6, chQ-Kt 2
1.
Q-B 6, ch
Q-Kt 2
When the abbreviation “ch.” is placed after a move, it means “check.” If it is a mate, or a drawn game, or the player resigns, the word follows the move. When the King castles with the King’s Rook, which is the shorter move for the Rook, it is indicated by the sign O-O. When the King is castled with the Queen’s Rook, which is the longer move for the Rook, the sign O-O-O is used.
A cross, x, placed after the piece moved shows that it captured something, and the letters following the cross do not give the square to which the piece is moved, but show the piece that is captured. K B x Q P, for instance, would mean that the adversary’s Queen’s Pawn was to be taken from the board, and the King’s Bishop was to occupy the square upon which the captured Queen’s Pawn had stood.
Beginners usually have some difficulty in following the moves of the Knights, because it frequently happens that the same square can be reached by either of them. The Bishops cannot be confused in this way, because they never change the colour of the square they stand upon. In some sets of chessmen the Knights are distinguished by putting a small crown on the King’s Knight, but this is never done in the regulation Staunton model. The beginner will find it very convenient, when following out the play of published games, to screw off the bottom of one white and one black Knight, and to exchange the bases. The white King’s Knight will then have a black base, and the black King’s Knight will have a white base, and they can be easily identified at any period of the game.
GERMAN NOTATION.Many of our standard chess books, and some of the best edited chess columns, are in German, and the student should be familiar with the German notation, which is much simpler than the English.
The white men are always considered as the side nearer the player; the vertical columns are designated from left to right bythe letters a b c d e f g h; and the horizontal rows by the numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8, beginning at the bottom, or white side. The pieces are designated by one capital letter only, as follows:—
The Pawn is called a Bauer, but when it is moved no initial is given, simply the square it comes from. In Diagram No. 12, for instance, the English notation for the first two moves made by white would be:—P-K 4, and K Kt-B 3, or, Kt-K B 3. The German notation would be:—e 2-e 4; and S g 1-f 3. The move of the Knight, it will be observed, gives the initial of the piece and the square upon which it stands, and then the square to which it is moved. A capture is indicated by the letter “n” taking the place of the dash. If the white Knight took the black King’s Pawn in Diagram No. 12, for instance, the move would be recorded: S f 3 n e 5, that is, the Springer at f 3 “nimmt” whatever it found at e 5. A check is indicated by a plus sign, +, following the move. In Diagram No. 11, for instance, the last move of the white Queen would be: D e 8-c 6 +; and Black’s reply would be: D b 8-b 7.
THE OPENINGS.Time and experience have shown that it is best for each player to adopt certain conventional openings, in order to develop his pieces. White always has the advantage, usually believed to be equal to 55%, counting drawn games as one half. This is because White can usually take more risks in offering a gambit than Black can in accepting it, and the best judges say that they would rather give a Knight and take the white pieces, than give Pawn-and-move and take the black.Gambitis a term used in Italian wrestling, and means that the adversary is given an apparent advantage at the start, in order more successfully to trip him up later on.
There are a great many chess openings, all of which have been analysed as far as the tenth move, including every possible variation on the way. The student who wishes to study them in detail should procure Freeborough’s “Chess Openings,” or Cook’s “Synopsis.” In these works, if either side has an advantage before the tenth move, it is indicated by a plus sign; if the position is equal, it is so marked.
In studying openings, the student should be careful always to play with the winning side next him; that is, never study how to play a losing game. If the variation ends with a plus sign, showing a win for the white, play it over with the white men next you.In selecting openings for general use in play, if it is one for the white men, take those openings that have the greatest number of variations ending in favour of white. The Ruy Lopez is a very good opening for beginners, and the Evans’ Gambit may be studied later. The French Defence and the Petroff are good openings for Black.
The theory of opening is to mobilise your forces for the attack in the fewest possible moves. Lasker thinks six moves should be enough for this purpose, and he recommends that only the King’s and Queen’s Pawns should be moved, after which each piece should be placed at once upon the square from which it can operate to the best advantage. He thinks the Knights should be first brought out, and posted at B 3, and then the K’s B, somewhere along his own diagonal. The great mistake made by beginners is that they rush off to the attack and try to capture some of the adverse pieces before they have properly prepared themselves for re-inforcement or retreat. It should never be forgotten that the game is not won by capturing the adversary’s pieces, but by check-mating his King.
Take the board and pieces, arrange them with the white men next you, and play over the following simple little game. Remember that the figures above the line are for the white men; those below for the black.
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3P-Q33Kt-QB3P-KR34B-B4B-Kt5
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3P-Q3
2
Kt-KB3
P-Q3
3Kt-QB3P-KR3
3
Kt-QB3
P-KR3
4B-B4B-Kt5
4
B-B4
B-Kt5
The third move made by Black accomplishes nothing, and is simply a waste of time. He should have continued by bringing his Knights into play. His fourth move is also a mistake; he should develop the Knights before the Bishops.
5KtxPBxQ6BxKBP chK-K27Kt-Q5 mate
5KtxPBxQ
5
KtxP
BxQ
6BxKBP chK-K2
6
BxKBP ch
K-K2
7Kt-Q5 mate
7
Kt-Q5 mate
On his fifth move, Black jumps at the chance to win White’s Queen, but this is not of the slightest benefit to him, because the object of the game is not to win the Queen, but to mate the King. At the seventh move the beginner will see that the black King cannot move out of check, neither can he move into check by taking the Bishop. He has no piece that can capture the Knight that gives the check, and nothing can be interposed, so he is mated, and White wins.
Here is another simple little game. Take the black pieces this time, but make the white men move first, of course.
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3Kt-KB33KtxPKt-QB3
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3Kt-KB3
2
Kt-KB3
Kt-KB3
3KtxPKt-QB3
3
KtxP
Kt-QB3
You don’t take the King’s Pawn; it is much more important to develop your pieces rapidly.
4KtxKtQPxKt5P-Q3B-QB46B-Kt5KtxP
4KtxKtQPxKt
4
KtxKt
QPxKt
5P-Q3B-QB4
5
P-Q3
B-QB4
6B-Kt5KtxP
6
B-Kt5
KtxP
White’s sixth move is bad, and you immediately take advantage of it. If he takes your Knight with his Pawn, you will take his K B P with your Bishop, and say “Check.” If he takes the Bishop you win his Queen. If he moves his King you check again with your other Bishop, which will force him to take your black Bishop, and lose his Queen.
7BxQBxP ch8K-K2B-Kt5 mate
7BxQBxP ch
7
BxQ
BxP ch
8K-K2B-Kt5 mate
8
K-K2
B-Kt5 mate
If the beginner will examine the position, he will find that there is no way of escape for the King, and Black wins.
Openings are usually divided into five principal classes: Those in which the first piece developed is theKing’s Knight; those in which theKing’s Bishopis the first piece brought into play; those in which aGambitis offered on the second move, usually a sacrificed Pawn; those which are calledCloseopenings, securing a good defensive game for the black pieces; and those which areIrregular.
In the following outline of fifty of the openings, only the first four moves are given, and usually only one variation is selected, the object being more to give the student an idea of the development than to exhaust the subject. The arrangement is alphabetical, that being more convenient in a book of reference. For the continuations the student is recommended to study “Freeborough,” or the “Handbuch des Schachspiels.”
Allgaier Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42P-KB4PxP3Kt-KB3P-KKt44P-KR4P-Kt5
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2P-KB4PxP
2
P-KB4
PxP
3Kt-KB3P-KKt4
3
Kt-KB3
P-KKt4
4P-KR4P-Kt5
4
P-KR4
P-Kt5
Boden-Kieseritzky Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42B-B4Kt-KB33Kt-KB3KtxP4Kt-B3KtxKt
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2B-B4Kt-KB3
2
B-B4
Kt-KB3
3Kt-KB3KtxP
3
Kt-KB3
KtxP
4Kt-B3KtxKt
4
Kt-B3
KtxKt
Berlin Defence:—
1P-K4P-K42B-B4Kt-KB33Q-K2Kt-QB34P-QB3B-B4
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2B-B4Kt-KB3
2
B-B4
Kt-KB3
3Q-K2Kt-QB3
3
Q-K2
Kt-QB3
4P-QB3B-B4
4
P-QB3
B-B4
Blackmar Gambit:—
1P-Q4P-Q42P-K4PxP3P-KB3PxP4KtxPB-B4
1P-Q4P-Q4
1
P-Q4
P-Q4
2P-K4PxP
2
P-K4
PxP
3P-KB3PxP
3
P-KB3
PxP
4KtxPB-B4
4
KtxP
B-B4
Calabrese Counter Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42B-B4P-KB43P-Q3Kt-KB34P-B4P-Q4
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2B-B4P-KB4
2
B-B4
P-KB4
3P-Q3Kt-KB3
3
P-Q3
Kt-KB3
4P-B4P-Q4
4
P-B4
P-Q4
Centre Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42P-Q4PxP3QxPKt-QB34Q-K3B-Kt5 ch
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2P-Q4PxP
2
P-Q4
PxP
3QxPKt-QB3
3
QxP
Kt-QB3
4Q-K3B-Kt5 ch
4
Q-K3
B-Kt5 ch
Centre Counter Gambit:—
1P-K4P-Q42PxPQxP3Kt-QB3Q-Q sq4P-Q4Kt-KB3
1P-K4P-Q4
1
P-K4
P-Q4
2PxPQxP
2
PxP
QxP
3Kt-QB3Q-Q sq
3
Kt-QB3
Q-Q sq
4P-Q4Kt-KB3
4
P-Q4
Kt-KB3
Classical Defence, to K. B. opening:—
1P-K4P-K42B-B4B-B43P-QB3Kt-KB34P-Q4PxP
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2B-B4B-B4
2
B-B4
B-B4
3P-QB3Kt-KB3
3
P-QB3
Kt-KB3
4P-Q4PxP
4
P-Q4
PxP
Cunningham Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42P-KB4PxP3Kt-KB3B-K24B-B4B-R5 ch
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2P-KB4PxP
2
P-KB4
PxP
3Kt-KB3B-K2
3
Kt-KB3
B-K2
4B-B4B-R5 ch
4
B-B4
B-R5 ch
Cochrane Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42P-KB4PxP3Kt-KB3P-KKt44B-B4P-Kt5
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2P-KB4PxP
2
P-KB4
PxP
3Kt-KB3P-KKt4
3
Kt-KB3
P-KKt4
4B-B4P-Kt5
4
B-B4
P-Kt5
Danish Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42P-Q4PxP3P-QB3PxP4B-QB4Kt-KB3
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2P-Q4PxP
2
P-Q4
PxP
3P-QB3PxP
3
P-QB3
PxP
4B-QB4Kt-KB3
4
B-QB4
Kt-KB3
English Opening:—
1P-QB4P-QB42P-B4P-B43P-Q3Kt-KB34Kt-QB3P-Q3
1P-QB4P-QB4
1
P-QB4
P-QB4
2P-B4P-B4
2
P-B4
P-B4
3P-Q3Kt-KB3
3
P-Q3
Kt-KB3
4Kt-QB3P-Q3
4
Kt-QB3
P-Q3
Evans’ Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3Kt-QB33B-B4B-B44P-QKt4BxKtP
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3Kt-QB3
2
Kt-KB3
Kt-QB3
3B-B4B-B4
3
B-B4
B-B4
4P-QKt4BxKtP
4
P-QKt4
BxKtP
Evans’ Gambit Declined:—
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3Kt-QB33B-B4B-B44P-QKt4B-Kt3
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3Kt-QB3
2
Kt-KB3
Kt-QB3
3B-B4B-B4
3
B-B4
B-B4
4P-QKt4B-Kt3
4
P-QKt4
B-Kt3
Fianchetto Opening:—
1P-K3P-K42P-QB4Kt-KB33Kt-QB3P-Q44PxPKtxP
1P-K3P-K4
1
P-K3
P-K4
2P-QB4Kt-KB3
2
P-QB4
Kt-KB3
3Kt-QB3P-Q4
3
Kt-QB3
P-Q4
4PxPKtxP
4
PxP
KtxP
Fianchetto Defence:—
1P-K4P-QKt32P-Q4P-K33B-Q3B-Kt24Kt-K2Kt-KB3
1P-K4P-QKt3
1
P-K4
P-QKt3
2P-Q4P-K3
2
P-Q4
P-K3
3B-Q3B-Kt2
3
B-Q3
B-Kt2
4Kt-K2Kt-KB3
4
Kt-K2
Kt-KB3
Four Knights:—
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3Kt-QB33Kt-B3Kt-B34B-Kt5B-Kt5
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3Kt-QB3
2
Kt-KB3
Kt-QB3
3Kt-B3Kt-B3
3
Kt-B3
Kt-B3
4B-Kt5B-Kt5
4
B-Kt5
B-Kt5
French Defence:—
1P-K4P-K32P-Q4P-Q43Kt-QB3Kt-KB34B-KKt5B-K2
1P-K4P-K3
1
P-K4
P-K3
2P-Q4P-Q4
2
P-Q4
P-Q4
3Kt-QB3Kt-KB3
3
Kt-QB3
Kt-KB3
4B-KKt5B-K2
4
B-KKt5
B-K2
From Gambit:—
1P-KB4P-K42PxPP-Q33PxPBxP4Kt-KB3Kt-KB3
1P-KB4P-K4
1
P-KB4
P-K4
2PxPP-Q3
2
PxP
P-Q3
3PxPBxP
3
PxP
BxP
4Kt-KB3Kt-KB3
4
Kt-KB3
Kt-KB3
Giuoco Piano:—
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3Kt-QB33B-B4B-B44P-B3Kt-B3
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3Kt-QB3
2
Kt-KB3
Kt-QB3
3B-B4B-B4
3
B-B4
B-B4
4P-B3Kt-B3
4
P-B3
Kt-B3
Greco-Counter Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3P-KB43KtxPQ-B34P-Q4P-Q3
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3P-KB4
2
Kt-KB3
P-KB4
3KtxPQ-B3
3
KtxP
Q-B3
4P-Q4P-Q3
4
P-Q4
P-Q3
Hamppe-Allgaier Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42Kt-QB3Kt-QB33P-B4PxP4Kt-B3P-KKt4
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-QB3Kt-QB3
2
Kt-QB3
Kt-QB3
3P-B4PxP
3
P-B4
PxP
4Kt-B3P-KKt4
4
Kt-B3
P-KKt4
Hungarian Defence:—
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3Kt-QB33B-B4B-K24P-Q4P-Q3
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3Kt-QB3
2
Kt-KB3
Kt-QB3
3B-B4B-K2
3
B-B4
B-K2
4P-Q4P-Q3
4
P-Q4
P-Q3
Irregular Openings:—
1P-K4P-K42P-QB3P-Q43Kt-B3PxP4KtxPB-Q3
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2P-QB3P-Q4
2
P-QB3
P-Q4
3Kt-B3PxP
3
Kt-B3
PxP
4KtxPB-Q3
4
KtxP
B-Q3
1P-K4P-Q32P-Q4Kt-KB33B-Q3Kt-QB34P-QB3P-K4
1P-K4P-Q3
1
P-K4
P-Q3
2P-Q4Kt-KB3
2
P-Q4
Kt-KB3
3B-Q3Kt-QB3
3
B-Q3
Kt-QB3
4P-QB3P-K4
4
P-QB3
P-K4
1P-K4P-QB32P-Q4P-Q43PxPPxP4B-Q3Kt-QB3
1P-K4P-QB3
1
P-K4
P-QB3
2P-Q4P-Q4
2
P-Q4
P-Q4
3PxPPxP
3
PxP
PxP
4B-Q3Kt-QB3
4
B-Q3
Kt-QB3
1P-K4Kt-QB32P-Q4P-K43PxPKtxP4P-KB4Kt-Kt3
1P-K4Kt-QB3
1
P-K4
Kt-QB3
2P-Q4P-K4
2
P-Q4
P-K4
3PxPKtxP
3
PxP
KtxP
4P-KB4Kt-Kt3
4
P-KB4
Kt-Kt3
Jerome Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3Kt-QB33B-B4B-B44BxP chKxB
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3Kt-QB3
2
Kt-KB3
Kt-QB3
3B-B4B-B4
3
B-B4
B-B4
4BxP chKxB
4
BxP ch
KxB
Kieseritzky Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42P-KB4PxP3Kt-KB3P-KKt44P-KR4P-Kt5
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2P-KB4PxP
2
P-KB4
PxP
3Kt-KB3P-KKt4
3
Kt-KB3
P-KKt4
4P-KR4P-Kt5
4
P-KR4
P-Kt5
King’s Bishop’s Gambit:—
1P-K4P-K42P-KB4PxP3B-B4Q-R5 ch4K-B sqB-B4
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2P-KB4PxP
2
P-KB4
PxP
3B-B4Q-R5 ch
3
B-B4
Q-R5 ch
4K-B sqB-B4
4
K-B sq
B-B4
King’s Bishop’s Pawn Game:—
1P-KB4P-K32Kt-KB3Kt-KB33P-K3B-K24B-K2P-QKt3
1P-KB4P-K3
1
P-KB4
P-K3
2Kt-KB3Kt-KB3
2
Kt-KB3
Kt-KB3
3P-K3B-K2
3
P-K3
B-K2
4B-K2P-QKt3
4
B-K2
P-QKt3
King’s Knight Opening. Irregular Defences:—
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3P-KB33KtxPQ-K24Kt-KB3P-Q4
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3P-KB3
2
Kt-KB3
P-KB3
3KtxPQ-K2
3
KtxP
Q-K2
4Kt-KB3P-Q4
4
Kt-KB3
P-Q4
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3Q-B33Kt-B3P-B34P-Q4PxP
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3Q-B3
2
Kt-KB3
Q-B3
3Kt-B3P-B3
3
Kt-B3
P-B3
4P-Q4PxP
4
P-Q4
PxP
1P-K4P-K42Kt-KB3B-Q33B-B4Kt-KB34P-Q4Kt-B3
1P-K4P-K4
1
P-K4
P-K4
2Kt-KB3B-Q3
2
Kt-KB3
B-Q3
3B-B4Kt-KB3
3
B-B4
Kt-KB3
4P-Q4Kt-B3
4
P-Q4
Kt-B3