Citrus medica limetta.LIME.

Plate XL.Plate XL.—Mandarin Orange.Two thirds natural size.

Plate XL.—Mandarin Orange.Two thirds natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLICitrus medica limetta.LIME.This small tree or bush thrives in Hawaii, and yields good crops. It requires a sandy, rocky soil, and does well in the shaded valleys. However, it is attacked by scale pests and root fungus, and many valuable trees are destroyed in this way. The dark green, shiny leaves are oval or elliptical, and emit an agreeable odor when bruised. The fragrant flowers are small, white, with an occasional tinge of pink. The fruit is small, varying in shape from round to elliptical. The light yellow skin is oily and very bitter, and the pulp is juicy and sour. The picture representing this fruit shows several varieties, forms and shapes: those on the left being the Mexican type, those on the upper right the Kusai lime, the latter much resembling a mandarin orange in shape, and has a loose skin, but the pulp is very juicy and exceedingly sour. This lime has become very popular in Hawaii, grows readily from seed, and produces true. To Mr. Henry Swinton is due the credit of introducing this variety in 1885 from Kusai, or Strong's Island, Micronesia.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLI

This small tree or bush thrives in Hawaii, and yields good crops. It requires a sandy, rocky soil, and does well in the shaded valleys. However, it is attacked by scale pests and root fungus, and many valuable trees are destroyed in this way. The dark green, shiny leaves are oval or elliptical, and emit an agreeable odor when bruised. The fragrant flowers are small, white, with an occasional tinge of pink. The fruit is small, varying in shape from round to elliptical. The light yellow skin is oily and very bitter, and the pulp is juicy and sour. The picture representing this fruit shows several varieties, forms and shapes: those on the left being the Mexican type, those on the upper right the Kusai lime, the latter much resembling a mandarin orange in shape, and has a loose skin, but the pulp is very juicy and exceedingly sour. This lime has become very popular in Hawaii, grows readily from seed, and produces true. To Mr. Henry Swinton is due the credit of introducing this variety in 1885 from Kusai, or Strong's Island, Micronesia.

Plate XLI.Plate XLI.—Lime.One half natural size.

Plate XLI.—Lime.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLIICitrus medica limonum.LEMON.This is a spreading tree, having ovate-oblong, fragrant leaves with short petioles. The flowers are small and white. The medium-sized fruit is egg-shaped, ending in a nipple-like point. The thin, smooth skin is aromatic. The juicy pulp is rich in citric acid. Many choice varieties of lemons have been introduced to Hawaii, but they have not thrived particularly well, because of the scale and insect pests which so greedily attack them; eternal vigilance is necessary in order to get the fruit matured; some very fine specimens, however, have been grown in Kona, at an elevation of 1500 feet.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLII

This is a spreading tree, having ovate-oblong, fragrant leaves with short petioles. The flowers are small and white. The medium-sized fruit is egg-shaped, ending in a nipple-like point. The thin, smooth skin is aromatic. The juicy pulp is rich in citric acid. Many choice varieties of lemons have been introduced to Hawaii, but they have not thrived particularly well, because of the scale and insect pests which so greedily attack them; eternal vigilance is necessary in order to get the fruit matured; some very fine specimens, however, have been grown in Kona, at an elevation of 1500 feet.

Plate XLII.Plate XLII.—Lemon.One half natural size.

Plate XLII.—Lemon.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLIIICitrus medica var. limonum.ROUGH-SKIN LEMON.This variety is very hardy, bears profusely, and requires much more water than does the orange. Being a strong, vigorous grower, it forms an excellent stock upon which to graft the citrus varieties. The flower is white, with a reddish tint outside. The fruit is generally oval, and contains many seeds. The pale yellow skin is rough and warty. The pulp is coarse-grained and very juicy. It comes true to seed.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLIII

This variety is very hardy, bears profusely, and requires much more water than does the orange. Being a strong, vigorous grower, it forms an excellent stock upon which to graft the citrus varieties. The flower is white, with a reddish tint outside. The fruit is generally oval, and contains many seeds. The pale yellow skin is rough and warty. The pulp is coarse-grained and very juicy. It comes true to seed.

Plate XLIII.Plate XLIII.—Rough-skin Lemon.One half natural size.

Plate XLIII.—Rough-skin Lemon.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLIVCitrus Aurantium Sinense.WAIALUA ORANGE.This tree, which grows to a height of from 20 to 35 feet, is cultivated in all tropical and sub-tropical countries. Its young branches are pale green, angular and glabrous. The leaves are oblong, ovate and pointed, and the petioles are narrowly winged. Its flowers are white and very fragrant. This variety of orange, locally known as the Waialua orange, has a bright yellow fruit, generally round, with a coarse, thick skin, very juicy pulp, and numerous seeds; and was introduced by Vancouver and planted in Hanalei valley, Kauai. It is now widely disseminated throughout the group, and in Kona, Hawaii, grows exceptionally well. This orange is said to produce true to seed.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLIV

This tree, which grows to a height of from 20 to 35 feet, is cultivated in all tropical and sub-tropical countries. Its young branches are pale green, angular and glabrous. The leaves are oblong, ovate and pointed, and the petioles are narrowly winged. Its flowers are white and very fragrant. This variety of orange, locally known as the Waialua orange, has a bright yellow fruit, generally round, with a coarse, thick skin, very juicy pulp, and numerous seeds; and was introduced by Vancouver and planted in Hanalei valley, Kauai. It is now widely disseminated throughout the group, and in Kona, Hawaii, grows exceptionally well. This orange is said to produce true to seed.

Plate XLIV.Plate XLIV.—Waialua Orange.One half natural size.

Plate XLIV.—Waialua Orange.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLVCitrus Aurantium.BAHIA, ORWASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE.This variety was first introduced into the United States from Brazil, and is now the most popular of all the oranges. It is cultivated extensively in California, in which State the first trees of its kind were planted; for this reason it is often called the Riverside Navel. The fruit is large, solid, and heavy. It is seedless, and has a prominent navel mark at the apex. The brilliant orange color of the skin is one of its characteristics. Grafted and budded trees of this variety of orange may be found growing in many localities in the Hawaiian Islands, but the fruit is not as fine as it should be, as, with few exceptions, it has a tendency to become very dry and woody.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLV

This variety was first introduced into the United States from Brazil, and is now the most popular of all the oranges. It is cultivated extensively in California, in which State the first trees of its kind were planted; for this reason it is often called the Riverside Navel. The fruit is large, solid, and heavy. It is seedless, and has a prominent navel mark at the apex. The brilliant orange color of the skin is one of its characteristics. Grafted and budded trees of this variety of orange may be found growing in many localities in the Hawaiian Islands, but the fruit is not as fine as it should be, as, with few exceptions, it has a tendency to become very dry and woody.

Plate XLV.Plate XLV.—Bahia, or Washington Navel Orange.One half natural size.

Plate XLV.—Bahia, or Washington Navel Orange.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLVICitrus Decumana.POMELO OR SHADDOCK (pear-shaped var.).This hardy tree, with its spreading branches, grows to a height of from 15 to 20 feet. It is extensively cultivated in India, and widely distributed over the Malayan and Polynesian Islands. It was early introduced to the Hawaiian Islands, presumably by the Chinese, who seem to be especially fond of the fruit, as it is always an important feature of their New Year's decorations. The leaves are large, oval or ovate-oblong, obtuse, and frequently emarginate, and the petiole is broadly winged. The flowers are large and white. This pyriform variety, which is from 6 to 8 inches in diameter, often weighs 4 to 8 pounds.The pale-yellow rind is smooth, thick and very bitter, but can be made into a preserve. The pulp varies in color from pale yellow to red, and has a sub-acid, slightly bitter, flavor.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLVI

This hardy tree, with its spreading branches, grows to a height of from 15 to 20 feet. It is extensively cultivated in India, and widely distributed over the Malayan and Polynesian Islands. It was early introduced to the Hawaiian Islands, presumably by the Chinese, who seem to be especially fond of the fruit, as it is always an important feature of their New Year's decorations. The leaves are large, oval or ovate-oblong, obtuse, and frequently emarginate, and the petiole is broadly winged. The flowers are large and white. This pyriform variety, which is from 6 to 8 inches in diameter, often weighs 4 to 8 pounds.

The pale-yellow rind is smooth, thick and very bitter, but can be made into a preserve. The pulp varies in color from pale yellow to red, and has a sub-acid, slightly bitter, flavor.

Plate XLVI.Plate XLVI.—Pomelo or Shaddock(pear-shaped var.)One third natural size.

Plate XLVI.—Pomelo or Shaddock(pear-shaped var.)One third natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLVIICitrus Decumana.POMELO OR SHADDOCK (round var.)The fruit of this round variety is smaller than that of the preceding variety. The light-yellow rind is coarse, spongy, thick, and leathery. The cells of the pulp are coarse, dry, and have a bitter, sub-acid flavor. There are many large, wedge-shaped seeds.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLVII

The fruit of this round variety is smaller than that of the preceding variety. The light-yellow rind is coarse, spongy, thick, and leathery. The cells of the pulp are coarse, dry, and have a bitter, sub-acid flavor. There are many large, wedge-shaped seeds.

Plate XLVII.Plate XLVII.—Pomelo or Shaddock(round var.)One third natural size.

Plate XLVII.—Pomelo or Shaddock(round var.)One third natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLVIIIArtocarpus incisa.BREADFRUIT (Hawaiian var.)"ULU."The first breadfruit trees were brought from Tahiti by the Hawaiians who, landing at Ewa, carried them across the mountain, and presented them to one of the Chiefs of Oahu, who lived at Kualoa. There they were planted and thrived. At the present day this variety of the breadfruit, now called the Hawaiian variety, is to be found growing wild throughout the Islands. There are many varieties of this handsome tree, which grows to a height of from 15 to 40 feet. It thrives best in hot, moist places, and requires a great deal of water.Its large ovate leaves are rough and deeply lobed. The male flower is a large yellow catkin. The fruit is formed from the female flowers, and is attached to the branches by large stems. In shape it is either round or oblong, varying in size from 5 to 8 inches in diameter. The thick, tough rind is, in some varieties muricated, and in others it is reticulated. In color it is green, changing to brownish when the fruit is ripe. The pulp is firm, mealy, and somewhat fibrous, and as an article of diet is much esteemed. Propagation is by suckers, or by layers from the branches.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLVIII

The first breadfruit trees were brought from Tahiti by the Hawaiians who, landing at Ewa, carried them across the mountain, and presented them to one of the Chiefs of Oahu, who lived at Kualoa. There they were planted and thrived. At the present day this variety of the breadfruit, now called the Hawaiian variety, is to be found growing wild throughout the Islands. There are many varieties of this handsome tree, which grows to a height of from 15 to 40 feet. It thrives best in hot, moist places, and requires a great deal of water.

Its large ovate leaves are rough and deeply lobed. The male flower is a large yellow catkin. The fruit is formed from the female flowers, and is attached to the branches by large stems. In shape it is either round or oblong, varying in size from 5 to 8 inches in diameter. The thick, tough rind is, in some varieties muricated, and in others it is reticulated. In color it is green, changing to brownish when the fruit is ripe. The pulp is firm, mealy, and somewhat fibrous, and as an article of diet is much esteemed. Propagation is by suckers, or by layers from the branches.

Plate XLVIII.Plate XLVIII.—Breadfruit(Hawaiian var.)—"Ulu."One third natural size.

Plate XLVIII.—Breadfruit(Hawaiian var.)—"Ulu."One third natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLIXArtocarpus incisa.BREADFRUIT (Samoan var.)This variety was introduced to these Islands by Mr. James Bicknell. Its large, oval leaves are leathery and rough, and less deeply lobed than are those of the Hawaiian variety. The round fruit has a characteristic raised ring where it is attached to the long stem. The yellowish-green rind is reticulated, and the orange-colored pulp is somewhat sticky when cooked, and is very sweet. This variety occasionally produces seed.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XLIX

This variety was introduced to these Islands by Mr. James Bicknell. Its large, oval leaves are leathery and rough, and less deeply lobed than are those of the Hawaiian variety. The round fruit has a characteristic raised ring where it is attached to the long stem. The yellowish-green rind is reticulated, and the orange-colored pulp is somewhat sticky when cooked, and is very sweet. This variety occasionally produces seed.

Plate XLIX.Plate XLIX.—Breadfruit(Samoan var.)One half natural size.

Plate XLIX.—Breadfruit(Samoan var.)One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LArtocarpus incisa.BREADFRUIT (Tahitian var.)This variety of Tahitian breadfruit is found only in a few gardens in Hawaii. Its glossy green leaves are nearly entire. The oblong fruit has a deep yellow pulp, with very little fibre.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate L

This variety of Tahitian breadfruit is found only in a few gardens in Hawaii. Its glossy green leaves are nearly entire. The oblong fruit has a deep yellow pulp, with very little fibre.

Plate L.Plate L.—Breadfruit(Tahitian var.)One half natural size.

Plate L.—Breadfruit(Tahitian var.)One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LIArtocarpus incisa.FERTILE BREADFRUIT.This seeding variety is rarely cultivated on account of its inferior fruit. The leaves are slightly lobed. The fruit is oblong with a short, thick stem, and is covered with short, hard projections. The fibrous pulp contains numerous large seeds, which are edible when cooked.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LI

This seeding variety is rarely cultivated on account of its inferior fruit. The leaves are slightly lobed. The fruit is oblong with a short, thick stem, and is covered with short, hard projections. The fibrous pulp contains numerous large seeds, which are edible when cooked.

Plate LI.Plate LI.—Fertile Breadfruit.One third natural size.

Plate LI.—Fertile Breadfruit.One third natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LIIArtocarpus integrifolia.JACK FRUIT.This tree is a native of India and Malay. And was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. David Forbes of Kukuihaele, Hawaii. The Jack fruit is a large, handsome tree, with leaves from 4 to 6 inches in length, which on the old growth are obovate-oblong and on the young branches are narrow. The oblong, irregular fruit, which varies in weight from 20 to 60 pounds, is borne on the trunk, as well as on the old branches. The green rind is covered with small hexagonal knobs. The pulp when ripe has all overpowering odor and is seldom eaten; but the oily seeds when roasted are edible, and are said to resemble chestnuts. On Tantalus, Oahu, the Jack fruit thrives well, and has produced fair sized fruits. It is a tree that needs a great deal of moisture, and consequently is seldom grown on the low lands.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LII

This tree is a native of India and Malay. And was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. David Forbes of Kukuihaele, Hawaii. The Jack fruit is a large, handsome tree, with leaves from 4 to 6 inches in length, which on the old growth are obovate-oblong and on the young branches are narrow. The oblong, irregular fruit, which varies in weight from 20 to 60 pounds, is borne on the trunk, as well as on the old branches. The green rind is covered with small hexagonal knobs. The pulp when ripe has all overpowering odor and is seldom eaten; but the oily seeds when roasted are edible, and are said to resemble chestnuts. On Tantalus, Oahu, the Jack fruit thrives well, and has produced fair sized fruits. It is a tree that needs a great deal of moisture, and consequently is seldom grown on the low lands.

Plate LII.Plate LII.—Jack Fruit.One fourth natural size.

Plate LII.—Jack Fruit.One fourth natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LIIIAnona muricata.SOUR SOP.This small, hardy evergreen tree is very common in Hawaii. Its dark green, glabrous leaves are pointed, elliptical, and are shiny on the upper surface, but rusty beneath. The greenish-yellow flowers are usually solitary, and have a peculiar odor. The fruit is large, varying in weight from 1 to 15 pounds. In shape, it is either oblong or conical and blunt. The rough, dark green, shiny skin, which is irregular in thickness, is studded with fleshy spines. The soft, white, cotton-like pulp is divided into sections, each containing a shiny, black seed, about half an inch long. These are very readily propagated.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LIII

This small, hardy evergreen tree is very common in Hawaii. Its dark green, glabrous leaves are pointed, elliptical, and are shiny on the upper surface, but rusty beneath. The greenish-yellow flowers are usually solitary, and have a peculiar odor. The fruit is large, varying in weight from 1 to 15 pounds. In shape, it is either oblong or conical and blunt. The rough, dark green, shiny skin, which is irregular in thickness, is studded with fleshy spines. The soft, white, cotton-like pulp is divided into sections, each containing a shiny, black seed, about half an inch long. These are very readily propagated.

Plate LIII.Plate LIII.—Sour Sop.One third natural size.

Plate LIII.—Sour Sop.One third natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LIVAnona Cherimolia.CHERIMOYER.The Cherimoyer, a well-known fruit of the tropics, is said to be a native of Peru. It is naturalized in Central America, is hardy in the mildest coast regions of Spain, and in Jamaica is cultivated up to an elevation of nearly 5000 feet. It thrives on the Florida Keys, and is also grown to a limited extent in Southern California. The tree grows to a height of from 10 to 20 feet; its branches are spreading, and the dark, shiny leaves are either ovate or oblong, and are sparsely hairy above and velvety beneath.The single petaled, velvety-green flowers are very fragrant. The fruit, which is about the size of a large orange, is heart-shaped and slightly flattened at the stem end. When ripe, the skin is a greyish-green, and is covered with slightly-raised semicircular markings. The white pulp, which is soft and rich, is divided into cells, each containing a black seed about the size of an ordinary bean. The Cherimoyer comes true to seed and bears in about three years. It is one of the most delicious fruits, and its delicate, slightly-acid flavor is very characteristic. The Cherimoyer was one of the earliest fruits introduced to these Islands, and the best specimens of its kind are grown in Kona and Kau, Hawaii, where it continues to propagate itself naturally from seed.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LIV

The Cherimoyer, a well-known fruit of the tropics, is said to be a native of Peru. It is naturalized in Central America, is hardy in the mildest coast regions of Spain, and in Jamaica is cultivated up to an elevation of nearly 5000 feet. It thrives on the Florida Keys, and is also grown to a limited extent in Southern California. The tree grows to a height of from 10 to 20 feet; its branches are spreading, and the dark, shiny leaves are either ovate or oblong, and are sparsely hairy above and velvety beneath.

The single petaled, velvety-green flowers are very fragrant. The fruit, which is about the size of a large orange, is heart-shaped and slightly flattened at the stem end. When ripe, the skin is a greyish-green, and is covered with slightly-raised semicircular markings. The white pulp, which is soft and rich, is divided into cells, each containing a black seed about the size of an ordinary bean. The Cherimoyer comes true to seed and bears in about three years. It is one of the most delicious fruits, and its delicate, slightly-acid flavor is very characteristic. The Cherimoyer was one of the earliest fruits introduced to these Islands, and the best specimens of its kind are grown in Kona and Kau, Hawaii, where it continues to propagate itself naturally from seed.

Plate LIV.Plate LIV.—Cherimoyer.One half natural size.

Plate LIV.—Cherimoyer.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LVAnona reticulata.CUSTARD APPLE.This tree, which is not common in Hawaii, is rather delicate, and grows to a height of from 10 to 15 feet. It is a native of the Antilles, and is a very popular tree in the West Indies. It thrives in Southern California. Its leaves, which are either lanceolate or oblong and pointed, are glabrous above and rough beneath. In color they are light green and rather brittle, when bruised they emit a very unpleasant odor.The flowers are three-petaled and are greenish or yellowish, with purple spots at the base. Artificial pollination will induce the flowers to set and produce better crops. The heart-shaped fruit is from 3 to 5 inches in diameter. The skin is smooth, with small depressions; when ripe, it is a pinkish-yellow and shading to a russet. Next to the skin the pulp is soft and creamy-yellow, while toward the center it is quite white. The flavor is sweet and delicious. There are numerous smooth, black seeds. This fruit, like its cousin the Cherimoyer grows true to seed.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LV

This tree, which is not common in Hawaii, is rather delicate, and grows to a height of from 10 to 15 feet. It is a native of the Antilles, and is a very popular tree in the West Indies. It thrives in Southern California. Its leaves, which are either lanceolate or oblong and pointed, are glabrous above and rough beneath. In color they are light green and rather brittle, when bruised they emit a very unpleasant odor.

The flowers are three-petaled and are greenish or yellowish, with purple spots at the base. Artificial pollination will induce the flowers to set and produce better crops. The heart-shaped fruit is from 3 to 5 inches in diameter. The skin is smooth, with small depressions; when ripe, it is a pinkish-yellow and shading to a russet. Next to the skin the pulp is soft and creamy-yellow, while toward the center it is quite white. The flavor is sweet and delicious. There are numerous smooth, black seeds. This fruit, like its cousin the Cherimoyer grows true to seed.

Plate LV.Plate LV.—Custard Apple.One third natural size.

Plate LV.—Custard Apple.One third natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LVIAnona squamosa.SUGAR APPLE—SWEET SOP.This small tree is native of the West Indies, from which country the plants found growing in many of our gardens in these Islands were imported. The thin leaves are ovate-oblong, and are very slightly hairy on both sides. The greenish flowers are about an inch long. The fruit which is from 3 to 4 inches in diameter, is the shape of a pine cone; it is greenish-yellow when ripe, and each carpel forms a slightprotuberance. The sweet, creamy-white pulp is very delicious. There are numerous small smooth, brownish-black seeds, which germinate readily, and the plants bear fruit in from two to four years. This variety of anona is sensitive to drought, and thrives well at the high elevations.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LVI

This small tree is native of the West Indies, from which country the plants found growing in many of our gardens in these Islands were imported. The thin leaves are ovate-oblong, and are very slightly hairy on both sides. The greenish flowers are about an inch long. The fruit which is from 3 to 4 inches in diameter, is the shape of a pine cone; it is greenish-yellow when ripe, and each carpel forms a slightprotuberance. The sweet, creamy-white pulp is very delicious. There are numerous small smooth, brownish-black seeds, which germinate readily, and the plants bear fruit in from two to four years. This variety of anona is sensitive to drought, and thrives well at the high elevations.

Plate LVI.Plate LVI.—Sugar Apple—Sweet Sop.One half natural size.

Plate LVI.—Sugar Apple—Sweet Sop.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LVIIPsidium Guayava pomiferum.(Common guava.)The Guava is an extensive genus of low-growing evergreen trees, found chiefly in the West Indies, South America, and China. They have become naturalized in Hawaii, and may be found growing wild on waste lands and by the roadside. In some localities growing so rank as to become troublesome. The leaves are oval to oblong, usually acuminate, glabrous above and pubescent beneath, and have prominent veins. The fragrant, white, solitary flowers are axillary.The somewhat rough skin of the globose fruit is a brownish-yellow, and the firm, dark-pink pulp, in which is embedded numerous seeds, is generally acid and aromatic. This guava is the source of the famous guava jelly of commerce.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LVII

The Guava is an extensive genus of low-growing evergreen trees, found chiefly in the West Indies, South America, and China. They have become naturalized in Hawaii, and may be found growing wild on waste lands and by the roadside. In some localities growing so rank as to become troublesome. The leaves are oval to oblong, usually acuminate, glabrous above and pubescent beneath, and have prominent veins. The fragrant, white, solitary flowers are axillary.

The somewhat rough skin of the globose fruit is a brownish-yellow, and the firm, dark-pink pulp, in which is embedded numerous seeds, is generally acid and aromatic. This guava is the source of the famous guava jelly of commerce.

Plate LVII.Plate LVII.—Psidium Guayava pomiferum(common guava).One half natural size.

Plate LVII.—Psidium Guayava pomiferum(common guava).One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LVIIIPsidium Guayava.(Sweet red guava.)This guava has the same general characteristics as theprecedingvariety. It is more frequently found in valleys and gulches than in the open. Its red pulp is firm and sweet.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LVIII

This guava has the same general characteristics as theprecedingvariety. It is more frequently found in valleys and gulches than in the open. Its red pulp is firm and sweet.

Plate LVIII.Plate LVIII.—Psidium Guayava(sweet red guava).

Plate LVIII.—Psidium Guayava(sweet red guava).

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LIXPsidium Guayava.(White lemon guava.)The lemon guava tree grows taller and somewhat more erect than the others. The pear-shaped fruit is large, often 3 inches in length. It has a rough, greenish-white skin, and the white pulp is sweet. This is a cultivated variety, and is found growing in a few gardens in these Islands.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LIX

The lemon guava tree grows taller and somewhat more erect than the others. The pear-shaped fruit is large, often 3 inches in length. It has a rough, greenish-white skin, and the white pulp is sweet. This is a cultivated variety, and is found growing in a few gardens in these Islands.

Plate LIX.Plate LIX.—Psidium Guayava(white lemon guava).One half natural size.

Plate LIX.—Psidium Guayava(white lemon guava).One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXPsidium Guayava pyriferum."WAIAWI."This handsome evergreen tree was an early introduced species, and now is very common about the islands. Grows very symmetrically, and attains the height of 20 to 25 feet. Leaves, small, lanceolate, shiny, the trunk and branches smooth. Flowers white and very fragrant; fruit small, pear-shaped, pulp yellow and containing many seeds; this species is very prolific, but the fruit is inferior.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LX

This handsome evergreen tree was an early introduced species, and now is very common about the islands. Grows very symmetrically, and attains the height of 20 to 25 feet. Leaves, small, lanceolate, shiny, the trunk and branches smooth. Flowers white and very fragrant; fruit small, pear-shaped, pulp yellow and containing many seeds; this species is very prolific, but the fruit is inferior.

Plate LX.Plate LX.—"Waiawi."One half natural size.

Plate LX.—"Waiawi."One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXIPsidium Cattleyanum.STRAWBERRY GUAVA.One of the hardiest of the guavas, and said to be a native of Brazil. The date of its introduction to Hawaii is not recorded, and as Hillebrand makes no mention of it, it is probably of recent importation. A shrubby tree 15 to 20 feet high. Leaves opposite, obovate, small, leathery, dark-green, shiny. Flowers white, fragrant. Fruit spherical, about one inch in diameter, purple-reddish when ripe, soft, juicy pulp, which has an agreeable flavor, and containing many small seeds. This fruit is used for making jams and jellies, and bears a crop more or less during all the months of the year.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXI

One of the hardiest of the guavas, and said to be a native of Brazil. The date of its introduction to Hawaii is not recorded, and as Hillebrand makes no mention of it, it is probably of recent importation. A shrubby tree 15 to 20 feet high. Leaves opposite, obovate, small, leathery, dark-green, shiny. Flowers white, fragrant. Fruit spherical, about one inch in diameter, purple-reddish when ripe, soft, juicy pulp, which has an agreeable flavor, and containing many small seeds. This fruit is used for making jams and jellies, and bears a crop more or less during all the months of the year.

Plate XLI.Plate LXI.—Strawberry Guava.One half natural size.

Plate LXI.—Strawberry Guava.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXIIPsidium Cattleyanum.(var.lucidum.)This low-growing shrub is occasionally cultivated in these Islands. It has opposite obovate leaves, and fragrant white flowers. The round fruit, which has a sweet, yellow pulp, is larger than the strawberry guava, and has a more delicate flavor.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXII

This low-growing shrub is occasionally cultivated in these Islands. It has opposite obovate leaves, and fragrant white flowers. The round fruit, which has a sweet, yellow pulp, is larger than the strawberry guava, and has a more delicate flavor.

Plate LXII.Plate LXII.—Psidium Cattleyanum.(var.lucidum.)One half natural size.

Plate LXII.—Psidium Cattleyanum.(var.lucidum.)One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXIIIPsidium molle.This species was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. A. Jaeger; and a single specimen of its kind is now growing at the Old Plantation, Honolulu. It is a low-growing, slender, willow-like tree of straggling growth. The opposite leaves are small, stiff and rough. The white flowers are fragrant. The small, round fruit is brownish-green, turning to a pale yellow when ripe. The white pulp is slightly acid, and contains many seeds. This guava is rather an inferior fruit.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXIII

This species was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. A. Jaeger; and a single specimen of its kind is now growing at the Old Plantation, Honolulu. It is a low-growing, slender, willow-like tree of straggling growth. The opposite leaves are small, stiff and rough. The white flowers are fragrant. The small, round fruit is brownish-green, turning to a pale yellow when ripe. The white pulp is slightly acid, and contains many seeds. This guava is rather an inferior fruit.

Plate LXIII.Plate LXIII.—Psidium molle.One half natural size.

Plate LXIII.—Psidium molle.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXIVMangifera indica.MANGO.The mango, which is a native of South Asia, is extensively cultivated throughout India, the Islands of the West Indies, and somewhat in Florida. In Hawaii it has become thoroughly naturalized, and is one of the most common trees; growing from the sea level up to about 1,000 feet.A hot, rather dry, climate, with well-drained soil suits it best. It is an evergreen, shady tree of quick growing habit, sometimes reaching a height of 70 feet, and having a round, dense top. All parts of the mango tree have a resinous fragrance, that suggests turpentine. Its thick, shiny leaves are from 6 to 10 inches in length. The greenish, scented flowers are borne in large terminal panicles; and these arefollowedthree or four months later by the fruit, which is large and kidney-shaped, having a smooth, rather soft, pale-green skin, with tints of yellow and red. The large seed is nearly as long as the fruit, its shell is rough and fibrous, and the kernel is shaped like a bean. In the inferior varieties of mangoes the pulp is full of fibre and tastes strongly of turpentine. There are numerous varieties of the mango cultivated in Hawaii; the fruit of which varies much in point of flavor, juiciness, as well as in the size and shape of the seed.Within the past ten years improved varieties have been imported; notably the Alphonse, Cambodiana, Pirie, and many others. These have thrived well and have borne delicious fruit; from them many grafts have been made and the finer grades of mangoes have been disseminated. Propagation is effected by seed, by grafting or inarching, and by budding. The mango as a rule does not come true to seed; also seedlings take much longer to fruit than do the grafted trees.The illustration on the opposite page is that of theso-calledcommon mango, which was brought to Hawaii from Mexico.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXIV

The mango, which is a native of South Asia, is extensively cultivated throughout India, the Islands of the West Indies, and somewhat in Florida. In Hawaii it has become thoroughly naturalized, and is one of the most common trees; growing from the sea level up to about 1,000 feet.

A hot, rather dry, climate, with well-drained soil suits it best. It is an evergreen, shady tree of quick growing habit, sometimes reaching a height of 70 feet, and having a round, dense top. All parts of the mango tree have a resinous fragrance, that suggests turpentine. Its thick, shiny leaves are from 6 to 10 inches in length. The greenish, scented flowers are borne in large terminal panicles; and these arefollowedthree or four months later by the fruit, which is large and kidney-shaped, having a smooth, rather soft, pale-green skin, with tints of yellow and red. The large seed is nearly as long as the fruit, its shell is rough and fibrous, and the kernel is shaped like a bean. In the inferior varieties of mangoes the pulp is full of fibre and tastes strongly of turpentine. There are numerous varieties of the mango cultivated in Hawaii; the fruit of which varies much in point of flavor, juiciness, as well as in the size and shape of the seed.

Within the past ten years improved varieties have been imported; notably the Alphonse, Cambodiana, Pirie, and many others. These have thrived well and have borne delicious fruit; from them many grafts have been made and the finer grades of mangoes have been disseminated. Propagation is effected by seed, by grafting or inarching, and by budding. The mango as a rule does not come true to seed; also seedlings take much longer to fruit than do the grafted trees.

The illustration on the opposite page is that of theso-calledcommon mango, which was brought to Hawaii from Mexico.

Plate LXIV.Plate LXIV.—Mango.One third natural size.

Plate LXIV.—Mango.One third natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXVMangifera indica.MANINI MANGO.This tree is supposed to be the first mango tree brought to the Hawaiian Islands. It was planted in the early part of the nineteenth century by Don Marin, whom the Hawaiians familiarly called "Manini." He brought to Hawaii many useful trees and plants; among the number was this mango, which he planted in his vineyard, then known as "Ka Pa Waina," and there it may be found today; a venerable tree standing about 80 feet high, having a spread of over 100 feet, and its trunk measuring 15 feet in circumference. Although a prolific bearer, its fruits, which are borne in large clusters, are small, and of an inferior quality, having a thick skin and a large, hairy seed.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXV

This tree is supposed to be the first mango tree brought to the Hawaiian Islands. It was planted in the early part of the nineteenth century by Don Marin, whom the Hawaiians familiarly called "Manini." He brought to Hawaii many useful trees and plants; among the number was this mango, which he planted in his vineyard, then known as "Ka Pa Waina," and there it may be found today; a venerable tree standing about 80 feet high, having a spread of over 100 feet, and its trunk measuring 15 feet in circumference. Although a prolific bearer, its fruits, which are borne in large clusters, are small, and of an inferior quality, having a thick skin and a large, hairy seed.

Plate LXV.Plate LXV.—Manini Mango.One half natural size.

Plate LXV.—Manini Mango.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXVIMangifera indica.NO. 9 MANGO.This mango, with its distinctive shape, is one of the few types that comes true to seed. The first and original tree, which was planted at the Government Nursery, Honolulu, was brought from Jamaica by Joseph Marsden, Esq. This tree is a prolific bearer, and its seeds have been widely distributed throughout these Islands. The fruit is large and regular in size, having a thick skin which is of a light-green color. The pulp is pale yellow, very juicy, and slightly acid. There is a very large, hairy seed.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXVI

This mango, with its distinctive shape, is one of the few types that comes true to seed. The first and original tree, which was planted at the Government Nursery, Honolulu, was brought from Jamaica by Joseph Marsden, Esq. This tree is a prolific bearer, and its seeds have been widely distributed throughout these Islands. The fruit is large and regular in size, having a thick skin which is of a light-green color. The pulp is pale yellow, very juicy, and slightly acid. There is a very large, hairy seed.

Plate LXVI.Plate LXVI.—No. 9 Mango.One half natural size.

Plate LXVI.—No. 9 Mango.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXVIIMusavarieties.BANANA—"MAIA."The banana, which has been cultivated from the most remote times, is a plant of great importance in tropical and sub-tropical climates, where its highly nutritious fruit is used as food. It is a large herbaceous, slightly shrubby, plant of very easy growth, having immense, gracefully-arching, undivided leaves. There are numerous varieties, the fruit of which differs in shape, color and flavor.As decorative plants in landscape gardening, few subjects equal the choice species of the banana; and on account of its utility, combined with its beauty, it is considered one of the most valuable of tropical products. Propagation is by off-shoots or suckers. When a stalk is cut, the fruit of which has ripened, sprouts are put forth which in time bear fruit. The enormous flower stalk issues from thecenterof the crown of leaves, and curves over with its own weight.The flowers are arranged in a dense terminal panicle; they alternate with large, reddish scales, which drop off as the fruit stalk develops, and the finger-like fruits are in clusters. The Hawaiians seem to have possessed the banana from the earliest times, and about fifty varieties were known to the older natives. However, since the year 1855, the so-called Chinese banana (Musa Cavendishii), which was at that time introduced from Tahiti, has crowded out the native varieties, many of which are now extinct.The accompanying cut shows a few of the different forms and sizes of the banana grown in Hawaii.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXVII

The banana, which has been cultivated from the most remote times, is a plant of great importance in tropical and sub-tropical climates, where its highly nutritious fruit is used as food. It is a large herbaceous, slightly shrubby, plant of very easy growth, having immense, gracefully-arching, undivided leaves. There are numerous varieties, the fruit of which differs in shape, color and flavor.

As decorative plants in landscape gardening, few subjects equal the choice species of the banana; and on account of its utility, combined with its beauty, it is considered one of the most valuable of tropical products. Propagation is by off-shoots or suckers. When a stalk is cut, the fruit of which has ripened, sprouts are put forth which in time bear fruit. The enormous flower stalk issues from thecenterof the crown of leaves, and curves over with its own weight.

The flowers are arranged in a dense terminal panicle; they alternate with large, reddish scales, which drop off as the fruit stalk develops, and the finger-like fruits are in clusters. The Hawaiians seem to have possessed the banana from the earliest times, and about fifty varieties were known to the older natives. However, since the year 1855, the so-called Chinese banana (Musa Cavendishii), which was at that time introduced from Tahiti, has crowded out the native varieties, many of which are now extinct.

The accompanying cut shows a few of the different forms and sizes of the banana grown in Hawaii.

Plate LXVII.Plate LXVII.—Banana—"Maia."One half natural size.MoaLargoPopouluRed CubanLeleChinese

Plate LXVII.—Banana—"Maia."One half natural size.

MoaLargoPopouluRed CubanLeleChinese

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXVIIIMorinda citrifolia."NONI."This species is found in nearly all the Pacific Islands. The date of its introduction to Hawaii, however, is not recorded. It is a small tree which grows in the low lands. Its shiny, oval leaves have short petioles. The white flowers are about 1 inch in length. The fruit is whitish-yellow when mature, and when decaying it emits a very offensive odor. The seeds are interesting because they will float a great length of time in salt water, their buoyancy is caused by a distinct air cell.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate LXVIII

This species is found in nearly all the Pacific Islands. The date of its introduction to Hawaii, however, is not recorded. It is a small tree which grows in the low lands. Its shiny, oval leaves have short petioles. The white flowers are about 1 inch in length. The fruit is whitish-yellow when mature, and when decaying it emits a very offensive odor. The seeds are interesting because they will float a great length of time in salt water, their buoyancy is caused by a distinct air cell.

Back to Index Next