Phyllanthus emblica.

Plate XCVII.Plate XCVII.—"Jujube."One half natural size.

Plate XCVII.—"Jujube."One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XCVIIIPhyllanthus emblica.There is but one tree of this species that has ever fruited in Honolulu. It is to be found growing in the grounds of the Royal Mausoleum, Nuuanu Valley. It is of medium height, having a crooked trunk, and its thin, scattered branches grow irregularly. The numerous alternate leaves are pinnate, the obtuse leaflets growing close together, and are from one-half to three-fourths of an inch in length. Its minute flowers are greenish-yellow. The round, six-striated fruit is smooth and fleshy, and three-fourths to one inch in diameter. The seeds are enclosed in three or more obovate cells, each cell containing two seeds. The pulp is hard and bitter, but when cooked makes an excellent preserve.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XCVIII

There is but one tree of this species that has ever fruited in Honolulu. It is to be found growing in the grounds of the Royal Mausoleum, Nuuanu Valley. It is of medium height, having a crooked trunk, and its thin, scattered branches grow irregularly. The numerous alternate leaves are pinnate, the obtuse leaflets growing close together, and are from one-half to three-fourths of an inch in length. Its minute flowers are greenish-yellow. The round, six-striated fruit is smooth and fleshy, and three-fourths to one inch in diameter. The seeds are enclosed in three or more obovate cells, each cell containing two seeds. The pulp is hard and bitter, but when cooked makes an excellent preserve.

Plate XCVIII.Plate XCVIII.Phyllanthus emblica.One half natural size.

Plate XCVIII.Phyllanthus emblica.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XCIXPhyllanthusdistichus.OTAHEITI GOOSEBERRY.This is a low-growing tree having large pinnate leaves with acute, alternate leaflets, which are about one to two inches in length. Its flowers grow on separate branches below the foliage. The fleshy, green fruit, which is borne in long clusters, is acid and astringent, but when made into preserves or pickles is palatable. The root and seeds have medicinal qualities. There is but one tree of this species in Honolulu. It is growing in the garden of Mr. Wm. Wolters.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate XCIX

This is a low-growing tree having large pinnate leaves with acute, alternate leaflets, which are about one to two inches in length. Its flowers grow on separate branches below the foliage. The fleshy, green fruit, which is borne in long clusters, is acid and astringent, but when made into preserves or pickles is palatable. The root and seeds have medicinal qualities. There is but one tree of this species in Honolulu. It is growing in the garden of Mr. Wm. Wolters.

Plate XCIX.Plate XCIX.—Otaheiti Gooseberry.One half natural size.

Plate XCIX.—Otaheiti Gooseberry.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate COlea Europea.OLIVE.The Olive, which is a native of Southwestern Asia, is not a tree of any great height, but is very longlived, and yields prolifically. Although not cultivated to any extent, the Olive has been growing in Hawaii for many years. However, it has fruited only in a few favorable localities, and nothing has ever been done to test its value commercially.The tree thrives best in a warm, dry atmosphere, where the soil is rich and well drained. Long-continued droughts so detrimental to most plants will affect the Olive but slightly. The tree requires judicious pruning immediately after the fruit is gathered, when the sap is comparatively at rest. The small, thick leaves are lanceolate, opposite, and usually entire; they are dull green above and silvery beneath. The small white flowers, which come in panicles, are usually imperfect. The fruit is a small, ellipsoid drupe, which is bluish-black when ripe. Its oil is an important product. The Olive may be propagated from seeds, cuttings, layers, suckers and pieces of the old stumps. The seeds require some time to germinate, and the growth of the young plant is slow.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate C

The Olive, which is a native of Southwestern Asia, is not a tree of any great height, but is very longlived, and yields prolifically. Although not cultivated to any extent, the Olive has been growing in Hawaii for many years. However, it has fruited only in a few favorable localities, and nothing has ever been done to test its value commercially.

The tree thrives best in a warm, dry atmosphere, where the soil is rich and well drained. Long-continued droughts so detrimental to most plants will affect the Olive but slightly. The tree requires judicious pruning immediately after the fruit is gathered, when the sap is comparatively at rest. The small, thick leaves are lanceolate, opposite, and usually entire; they are dull green above and silvery beneath. The small white flowers, which come in panicles, are usually imperfect. The fruit is a small, ellipsoid drupe, which is bluish-black when ripe. Its oil is an important product. The Olive may be propagated from seeds, cuttings, layers, suckers and pieces of the old stumps. The seeds require some time to germinate, and the growth of the young plant is slow.

Plate C.Plate C.—Olive.One half natural size.

Plate C.—Olive.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CIVitis Labrusca."ISABELLA GRAPE."This variety of grape was early introduced to these Islands, and has become very popular. It is a hardy vine, variable in productiveness, and is practically the only grape grown in any quantity in Hawaii. The leaves are of medium size, often roundish and thick; their upper surface is dark-green, the under surface is whitish-green. The Isabella is an attractive blue-black grape, bearing in large, well-formed clusters, having a thick bloom. The muskiness of the thick skin is somewhat objectionable.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CI

This variety of grape was early introduced to these Islands, and has become very popular. It is a hardy vine, variable in productiveness, and is practically the only grape grown in any quantity in Hawaii. The leaves are of medium size, often roundish and thick; their upper surface is dark-green, the under surface is whitish-green. The Isabella is an attractive blue-black grape, bearing in large, well-formed clusters, having a thick bloom. The muskiness of the thick skin is somewhat objectionable.

Plate CI.Plate CI.—"Isabella Grape."One half natural size.

Plate CI.—"Isabella Grape."One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CIIPyrusSinensis.SAND PEAR.This tree is a vigorous and clean grower, having strong, thick shoots, beautiful foliage, and very ornamental fruit. The dark-green leaves are broadly ovate, and long-pointed, with their margins thickly furnished with very sharp, almost bristle-like teeth. The large white flowers appear rather in advance of the leaves. The fruit is hard and rough, about 2½ inches in diameter, with generally a depression about the stem. The flesh is tough and gritty, but is very delicious when baked. Propagation is by cuttings.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CII

This tree is a vigorous and clean grower, having strong, thick shoots, beautiful foliage, and very ornamental fruit. The dark-green leaves are broadly ovate, and long-pointed, with their margins thickly furnished with very sharp, almost bristle-like teeth. The large white flowers appear rather in advance of the leaves. The fruit is hard and rough, about 2½ inches in diameter, with generally a depression about the stem. The flesh is tough and gritty, but is very delicious when baked. Propagation is by cuttings.

Plate CII.Plate CII.—Sand Pear.One half natural size.

Plate CII.—Sand Pear.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CIIIPassiflora quadrangularis.GRANADILLAVINE.This tall, strongclimberis a native of tropical America. Its leaves are broadly ovate, and the strong stems are purplish in color. The large, interesting flowers are from 3 to 5 inches across. The sepals are linear and violet shaded, the petals are very narrow and lilac. The many rows of filaments in the crown are violet with bars of white below the middle, the inner and shorter set being deep violet. The oblong fruit attains a size from 5 to 9 inches in length, and in color is a pale, yellowish green. Thesucculent, edible pulp of its hollow center has an agreeable sub-acid flavor, and contains many flat seeds. This vine bears well where there are bees; artificial fertilization also increases the number of its fruits.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CIII

This tall, strongclimberis a native of tropical America. Its leaves are broadly ovate, and the strong stems are purplish in color. The large, interesting flowers are from 3 to 5 inches across. The sepals are linear and violet shaded, the petals are very narrow and lilac. The many rows of filaments in the crown are violet with bars of white below the middle, the inner and shorter set being deep violet. The oblong fruit attains a size from 5 to 9 inches in length, and in color is a pale, yellowish green. Thesucculent, edible pulp of its hollow center has an agreeable sub-acid flavor, and contains many flat seeds. This vine bears well where there are bees; artificial fertilization also increases the number of its fruits.

Plate CIII.Plate CIII.—GranadillaVine.One half natural size.

Plate CIII.—GranadillaVine.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CIVPassiflora edulis.PURPLE WATER LEMON."LILIKOI."This strong, woody vine is native of Brazil, and is naturalized in most tropical countries. Its first introduction to these islands was at Lilikoi, district of Makawao, Maui, whence its native name. Its serrate leaves are large and deeply three-lobed; the white flowers are tinted with purple. The fruit is oblong, globular, and when ripe is purple in color; its shell-like skin is thick and crisp. The orange-colored edible pulp is very fragrant, and is filled with small seeds, which germinate readily.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CIV

This strong, woody vine is native of Brazil, and is naturalized in most tropical countries. Its first introduction to these islands was at Lilikoi, district of Makawao, Maui, whence its native name. Its serrate leaves are large and deeply three-lobed; the white flowers are tinted with purple. The fruit is oblong, globular, and when ripe is purple in color; its shell-like skin is thick and crisp. The orange-colored edible pulp is very fragrant, and is filled with small seeds, which germinate readily.

Plate CIV.Plate CIV.—Purple Water Lemon—"Lilikoi."One half natural size.

Plate CIV.—Purple Water Lemon—"Lilikoi."One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CVPassiflora laurifolia.YELLOW WATER LEMON.This strong-growing, glabrous vine, climbing by tendrils, is a native of tropical America. The date when it was introduced to Hawaii, and by whom, is not known; but in the Hilo and Hamakua districts of Hawaii this variety grows wild. Its thick leaves are oval, oblong and entire, and have a short, sharp point. The flowers are about 2½, inches across, are white, with red spots on them. The fruit is slightly oblong, 2 inches in diameter, and very regular in size and shape. When ripe, it is yellow spotted with white. It has a medium-hard shell or skin, and the edible pulp is whitish-yellow, and contains many flat, black seeds.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CV

This strong-growing, glabrous vine, climbing by tendrils, is a native of tropical America. The date when it was introduced to Hawaii, and by whom, is not known; but in the Hilo and Hamakua districts of Hawaii this variety grows wild. Its thick leaves are oval, oblong and entire, and have a short, sharp point. The flowers are about 2½, inches across, are white, with red spots on them. The fruit is slightly oblong, 2 inches in diameter, and very regular in size and shape. When ripe, it is yellow spotted with white. It has a medium-hard shell or skin, and the edible pulp is whitish-yellow, and contains many flat, black seeds.

Plate CV.Plate CV.—Yellow Water Lemon.One third natural size.

Plate CV.—Yellow Water Lemon.One third natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CVIPassiflora alata.This is a strong, vigorous vine, very suitable for arbors and trellises. It is not commonly found in Hawaii; however, a very fine specimen of its kind is growing in Dr. St. D. G. Walter's garden in Honolulu. The leaves are oval to ovate, the petioles having two glands. The fragrant purple flowers are about two inches in diameter. The ovoid-pointed fruit has a tough, leathery shell which, when green, is six-striated, with white stripes; when quite ripe the fruit is a dull orange-yellow. The numerous seeds are imbedded in the juicy, scented pulp, which is aromatic and delicious. Propagation is by seed and by cuttings.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CVI

This is a strong, vigorous vine, very suitable for arbors and trellises. It is not commonly found in Hawaii; however, a very fine specimen of its kind is growing in Dr. St. D. G. Walter's garden in Honolulu. The leaves are oval to ovate, the petioles having two glands. The fragrant purple flowers are about two inches in diameter. The ovoid-pointed fruit has a tough, leathery shell which, when green, is six-striated, with white stripes; when quite ripe the fruit is a dull orange-yellow. The numerous seeds are imbedded in the juicy, scented pulp, which is aromatic and delicious. Propagation is by seed and by cuttings.

Plate CVI.Plate CVI.—Passiflora alata.One half natural size.

Plate CVI.—Passiflora alata.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CVIIPassiflora, var. foetida.This strong and hardy vine grows well on arbors and trellises. Its leaves are three-cleft, and have long petioles; and spiral tendrils spring from the axils. The single, pale-green flowers are surrounded by a green, lace-like covering. The fruit is nearly globular, and slightly pointed; it is about three-fourths of an inch in diameter, and when ripe is a bright scarlet.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CVII

This strong and hardy vine grows well on arbors and trellises. Its leaves are three-cleft, and have long petioles; and spiral tendrils spring from the axils. The single, pale-green flowers are surrounded by a green, lace-like covering. The fruit is nearly globular, and slightly pointed; it is about three-fourths of an inch in diameter, and when ripe is a bright scarlet.

Plate CVII.Plate CVII.Passiflora, var. foetida.Two thirds natural size.

Plate CVII.Passiflora, var. foetida.Two thirds natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CVIIICereus triangularis.NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREUS.Although this plant with its wonderful nocturnal blossoms may be found growing almost everywhere in the Islands, the best specimens of its kind may be seen on the stone walls of Oahu College. The beautiful creamy flowers with their yellow centers are large, about a foot long, and when in full bloom about the same in diameter. The tube is covered with large, leaf-like green scales. The fruit, which is about 3½ inches long and 2 inches in diameter, is covered with persistent, large, fleshy scales which are scarlet colored when ripe, and the interior pulp is edible and refreshing. Fruit, however, upon the night-blooming cereus in Hawaii is rather rare, although a few fine specimens have matured.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CVIII

Although this plant with its wonderful nocturnal blossoms may be found growing almost everywhere in the Islands, the best specimens of its kind may be seen on the stone walls of Oahu College. The beautiful creamy flowers with their yellow centers are large, about a foot long, and when in full bloom about the same in diameter. The tube is covered with large, leaf-like green scales. The fruit, which is about 3½ inches long and 2 inches in diameter, is covered with persistent, large, fleshy scales which are scarlet colored when ripe, and the interior pulp is edible and refreshing. Fruit, however, upon the night-blooming cereus in Hawaii is rather rare, although a few fine specimens have matured.

Plate CVIII.Plate CVIII.—Night-bloomingCereus.Two thirds natural size.

Plate CVIII.—Night-bloomingCereus.Two thirds natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CIXKigelia pinnata.SAUSAGE TREE.This medium-sized and very handsome shade tree is a native of tropical Africa. It was probably introduced to Hawaii by Dr. Hillebrand. A fine tree of this species is growing in Mrs. Foster's garden, Nuuanu avenue. It has large pinnate leaves, and panicles of purple flowers. The peculiar rough, grey, oblong fruits hang from a long stem, and present an odd appearance. This tree and also one other of the same variety growing in the grounds of the Queen's Hospital, very rarely set their fruit. Because of the difficulty of obtaining seeds, the sausage tree has not been widely distributed.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CIX

This medium-sized and very handsome shade tree is a native of tropical Africa. It was probably introduced to Hawaii by Dr. Hillebrand. A fine tree of this species is growing in Mrs. Foster's garden, Nuuanu avenue. It has large pinnate leaves, and panicles of purple flowers. The peculiar rough, grey, oblong fruits hang from a long stem, and present an odd appearance. This tree and also one other of the same variety growing in the grounds of the Queen's Hospital, very rarely set their fruit. Because of the difficulty of obtaining seeds, the sausage tree has not been widely distributed.

Plate CIX.Plate CIX.—Sausage Tree.One fourth natural size.

Plate CIX.—Sausage Tree.One fourth natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXPhoenix dactylifera.THE DATE PALM.The date, which is a native of North Africa, Arabia, and Persia, is a noble palm, often growing to a height of from 80 to 100 feet. It is of remarkable longevity, and will continue to produce fruit even at the age of a hundred years. The neighborhood of the sea isconsideredunfavorable to their production, although they will luxuriate insaltishsoil and bear well when brackish water is used.Many varieties of dates exist, the fruit differing in shape, size and color. They will grow from seeds, although the superior varieties can be continued only from off-shoots of the root. These will commence to bear in five years. In Asia, the growers of the commercial date find it necessary to pollinate artificially by hanging sprays of the male flowers in the branches of the fruit-bearing trees. There are no imported trees bearing in Hawaii, and although there are many date trees in Honolulu, artificial pollination would doubtless greatly increase the yield and the quality of the fruit.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CX

The date, which is a native of North Africa, Arabia, and Persia, is a noble palm, often growing to a height of from 80 to 100 feet. It is of remarkable longevity, and will continue to produce fruit even at the age of a hundred years. The neighborhood of the sea isconsideredunfavorable to their production, although they will luxuriate insaltishsoil and bear well when brackish water is used.

Many varieties of dates exist, the fruit differing in shape, size and color. They will grow from seeds, although the superior varieties can be continued only from off-shoots of the root. These will commence to bear in five years. In Asia, the growers of the commercial date find it necessary to pollinate artificially by hanging sprays of the male flowers in the branches of the fruit-bearing trees. There are no imported trees bearing in Hawaii, and although there are many date trees in Honolulu, artificial pollination would doubtless greatly increase the yield and the quality of the fruit.

Plate CX.Plate CX.—The Date Palm.One half natural size.

Plate CX.—The Date Palm.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXIPhoenix dactylifera.DATE (red and yellow variety).The accompanying cut shows fruit from two of the best date trees in Honolulu, and it is curious to note that both of them were grown from seeds taken from packages of dried dates purchased from a local grocer.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXI

The accompanying cut shows fruit from two of the best date trees in Honolulu, and it is curious to note that both of them were grown from seeds taken from packages of dried dates purchased from a local grocer.

Plate CXI.Plate CXI.—Date(red and yellow var.)One third natural size.

Plate CXI.—Date(red and yellow var.)One third natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXIIAcrocomia sp.This interesting palm is seldom seen in Hawaii; there being but two specimens of its kind that have produced fruit in Honolulu. Its stem is capitately thickened at the persistent bases of the armed petioles. The glaucous leaves are pari-pinnate with narrow, lanceolate, accuminate segments, having a prominent mid-rib.The inflorescence is simple and branching. The fruit is arranged similar to that of Cocos, each about three-fourths of an inch in diameter, sub-globose with a pointed apex. When ripe, it is a bright yellow, and its juicy, edible pulp has the flavor of apricots.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXII

This interesting palm is seldom seen in Hawaii; there being but two specimens of its kind that have produced fruit in Honolulu. Its stem is capitately thickened at the persistent bases of the armed petioles. The glaucous leaves are pari-pinnate with narrow, lanceolate, accuminate segments, having a prominent mid-rib.

The inflorescence is simple and branching. The fruit is arranged similar to that of Cocos, each about three-fourths of an inch in diameter, sub-globose with a pointed apex. When ripe, it is a bright yellow, and its juicy, edible pulp has the flavor of apricots.

Plate CXII.Plate CXII.—Acrocomia sp.One half natural size.

Plate CXII.—Acrocomia sp.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXIIICocos nucifera.COCOANUT PALM."NIU."The original home of this widely-diffused tree is not positively known. Some writers say it is indigenous to the islands of the Indian Ocean; others show that in all probability it is ofAmericanorigin. On account of its buoyant husk and impervious shell, it was enabled to drift across the oceans without losing its germinating power, and in this manner was widely dispersed. It is strictly a tropical plant, and grows naturally on the seashore, or in its immediate vicinity.It has pinnate leaves about 12 to 18 feet long, and the inflorescence first appears in a cylindrical sheath, which splits length-wise, exposing long sprays of male flowers, and near the base generally one female flower, which is much larger, and eventually develops into a fruit. The picture shows both forms of flowers, as well as a young nut, and also a mature cocoanut. Propagation is by means of the nut alone, which must be thoroughly ripe before planting. The outer husk must be left on, germination taking place at the largest eye; sometimes two eyes may sprout, and twin trees grow from these. Many varieties have been imported from islands of the Pacific, Ceylon, West Indies, and Central America. The cocoanut is not raised in Hawaii for commercial purposes.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXIII

The original home of this widely-diffused tree is not positively known. Some writers say it is indigenous to the islands of the Indian Ocean; others show that in all probability it is ofAmericanorigin. On account of its buoyant husk and impervious shell, it was enabled to drift across the oceans without losing its germinating power, and in this manner was widely dispersed. It is strictly a tropical plant, and grows naturally on the seashore, or in its immediate vicinity.

It has pinnate leaves about 12 to 18 feet long, and the inflorescence first appears in a cylindrical sheath, which splits length-wise, exposing long sprays of male flowers, and near the base generally one female flower, which is much larger, and eventually develops into a fruit. The picture shows both forms of flowers, as well as a young nut, and also a mature cocoanut. Propagation is by means of the nut alone, which must be thoroughly ripe before planting. The outer husk must be left on, germination taking place at the largest eye; sometimes two eyes may sprout, and twin trees grow from these. Many varieties have been imported from islands of the Pacific, Ceylon, West Indies, and Central America. The cocoanut is not raised in Hawaii for commercial purposes.

Plate CXIII.Plate CXIII.—Cocoanut Palm—"Niu."One half natural size.

Plate CXIII.—Cocoanut Palm—"Niu."One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXIVCordiacollococca.CLAMMY CHERRY.This low tree, with its spreading branches, is a native of the West Indies, and is rarely met with in these Islands; there being but two trees of its kind known to me, one growing at the Old Plantation, Honolulu, the other at Honouliuli Ranch, Oahu. The whitish branches are very brittle. The leaves are obovate, oblong, glabrous above and shiny beneath. The subsessile flowers are whiteish-purple. The fruit, which is half inch in diameter, is bluntly pointed and smooth. The fleshy pulp is sticky, and adheres to the single seed. This plant may be grown from seeds and from cuttings.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXIV

This low tree, with its spreading branches, is a native of the West Indies, and is rarely met with in these Islands; there being but two trees of its kind known to me, one growing at the Old Plantation, Honolulu, the other at Honouliuli Ranch, Oahu. The whitish branches are very brittle. The leaves are obovate, oblong, glabrous above and shiny beneath. The subsessile flowers are whiteish-purple. The fruit, which is half inch in diameter, is bluntly pointed and smooth. The fleshy pulp is sticky, and adheres to the single seed. This plant may be grown from seeds and from cuttings.

Plate CXIV.Plate CXIV.—Clammy Cherry.One half natural size.

Plate CXIV.—Clammy Cherry.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXVFlacourtia cataphracta.This tree, which is a native of the Malay Islands and China, was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. Albert Jaeger. There is but one tree which has borne fruit; this is growing at the Old Plantation, Honolulu, Oahu. The tree, which is about 25 feet high, has dense foliage; the leaves are small, oblong, lanceolate, glabrous, having short petioles. Flowers very small, dioceous; the fruit about the size of a common grape, is purple when ripe, and has a pleasant sub-acid flavor. It contains a few flatish seeds.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXV

This tree, which is a native of the Malay Islands and China, was introduced to Hawaii by Mr. Albert Jaeger. There is but one tree which has borne fruit; this is growing at the Old Plantation, Honolulu, Oahu. The tree, which is about 25 feet high, has dense foliage; the leaves are small, oblong, lanceolate, glabrous, having short petioles. Flowers very small, dioceous; the fruit about the size of a common grape, is purple when ripe, and has a pleasant sub-acid flavor. It contains a few flatish seeds.

Plate CXV.Plate CXV.—Flacourtia cataphracta.One half natural size.

Plate CXV.—Flacourtia cataphracta.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXVIAtalantia buxifolia.This small tree of dwarfish habit is from tropical Asia. It is closely related to the orange, and has large thorns. Its simple leaves are alternate, coriaceous, emarginate, and from 1 to 1½ inches in length. The petioles are short. The small, solitary flowers have five petals. The berry is globose and three-quarters of an inch in diameter. When ripe, it is a shiny black, and has a thick skin. The pulp has somewhat the flavor of a lime, and the seeds are generally 1 to 5 in number. The only specimens of this tree in Hawaii are growing in the garden of Mrs. Foster; they, presumably, were introduced by Dr. Hillebrand, as these gardens formerly belonged to him.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXVI

This small tree of dwarfish habit is from tropical Asia. It is closely related to the orange, and has large thorns. Its simple leaves are alternate, coriaceous, emarginate, and from 1 to 1½ inches in length. The petioles are short. The small, solitary flowers have five petals. The berry is globose and three-quarters of an inch in diameter. When ripe, it is a shiny black, and has a thick skin. The pulp has somewhat the flavor of a lime, and the seeds are generally 1 to 5 in number. The only specimens of this tree in Hawaii are growing in the garden of Mrs. Foster; they, presumably, were introduced by Dr. Hillebrand, as these gardens formerly belonged to him.

Plate CXVI.Plate CXVI.—Atalantia buxifolia.One half natural size.

Plate CXVI.—Atalantia buxifolia.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXVIIBumelia sp.This large shrub is a native of India. Its alternate, entire, obovate leaves have short petioles; they are glabrous and are about 4 to 8 inches in length. The small flowers are light pink. The small, globose fruits grow in bunches; these are purple when ripe, but are not edible. The only tree of its kind inHonoluluis growing in the grounds of the Queen's Hospital.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXVII

This large shrub is a native of India. Its alternate, entire, obovate leaves have short petioles; they are glabrous and are about 4 to 8 inches in length. The small flowers are light pink. The small, globose fruits grow in bunches; these are purple when ripe, but are not edible. The only tree of its kind inHonoluluis growing in the grounds of the Queen's Hospital.

Plate CXVII.Plate CXVII.—Bumelia sp.Natural size.

Plate CXVII.—Bumelia sp.Natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXVIIIOchrosia elliptica.This plant grows in the Pacific Islands, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, and Australia; and on account of its handsome scarlet fruit is cultivated as an ornament, as the fruit is not edible. The tree is a small evergreen, having alternate, glabrous, coriaceous leaves which are crowded at the ends of the stout branches. The small, white flowers have five petals. The fruit consists usually of two, rarely one, spreading scarlet drupes, each containing a large seed. The first specimen of its kind in Hawaii was planted at the Government Nursery, Honolulu,where it isstill growing.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXVIII

This plant grows in the Pacific Islands, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, and Australia; and on account of its handsome scarlet fruit is cultivated as an ornament, as the fruit is not edible. The tree is a small evergreen, having alternate, glabrous, coriaceous leaves which are crowded at the ends of the stout branches. The small, white flowers have five petals. The fruit consists usually of two, rarely one, spreading scarlet drupes, each containing a large seed. The first specimen of its kind in Hawaii was planted at the Government Nursery, Honolulu,where it isstill growing.

Plate CXVIII.Plate CXVIII.—Ochrosia elliptica.One half natural size.

Plate CXVIII.—Ochrosia elliptica.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXIXAnanas sativus.PINEAPPLE.This variety of the pineapple plant was grown at an early date in these Islands, and until the new and spineless forms were introduced was the only quality offered in the fruit markets. It is now cultivated but little, and is often found growing wild. The rosette at the head of the fleshy fruit has numerous thorny leaves. The fruit is much smaller than those of the thornless varieties, but it has a very sweet flavor.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXIX

This variety of the pineapple plant was grown at an early date in these Islands, and until the new and spineless forms were introduced was the only quality offered in the fruit markets. It is now cultivated but little, and is often found growing wild. The rosette at the head of the fleshy fruit has numerous thorny leaves. The fruit is much smaller than those of the thornless varieties, but it has a very sweet flavor.

Plate CXIX.Plate CXIX.—Pineapple.One half natural size.

Plate CXIX.—Pineapple.One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXXOpuntia Tuna.PRICKLY PEAR—"PANINI."This erect, wide-spreading plant was early introduced to these Islands from Mexico. It thrives well in arid lands, and in times of drought its succulent, fleshy leaves and juicy fruit are eaten by cattle. The plants, when old, become hard and woody, having many stout spines. The large flowers are reddish-yellow, and the obovate, truncate fruit is a purplish-red, having a thick fibrous skin, which is covered with fine bristles. The edible pulp is reddish-purple and contains numerous seeds.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXX

This erect, wide-spreading plant was early introduced to these Islands from Mexico. It thrives well in arid lands, and in times of drought its succulent, fleshy leaves and juicy fruit are eaten by cattle. The plants, when old, become hard and woody, having many stout spines. The large flowers are reddish-yellow, and the obovate, truncate fruit is a purplish-red, having a thick fibrous skin, which is covered with fine bristles. The edible pulp is reddish-purple and contains numerous seeds.

Plate CXX.Plate CXX.—Prickly Pear—"Panini."One half natural size.

Plate CXX.—Prickly Pear—"Panini."One half natural size.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXXIProsopis juliflora.ALGAROBA—"KIAWE."The Kiawe deserves a special mention in this book, as it is, in my opinion, one of the most valuable and beautiful trees that grows in the Hawaiian Islands. Perhaps on account of its very general dissemination, and because of the ease with which it spreads spontaneously, even in the driest districts, it has received less consideration than has been accorded to other plants more difficult of propagation.The Kiawe is the foundation of all the beauty of our lowlands, and provides a delicate background for other plants. Under favorable circumstances, it reaches to a height of 50 feet. It has wide-spreading branches and delicate-green foliage. The flowers yield a delicious honey, and the seed-pods furnish a valuable fodder, and, finally, when the tree is cut down, its wood makes the very best of fuel. The Algaroba is a native of Central and South America. Ordinarily it is a moderate-sized tree of quick and easy growth. Its branches in most cases are covered with stout, cylindrical, axillary spines, and in other cases they are unarmed.The abruptly bi-pinnate leaves have from 6 to 30 pairs of linear leaflets about one-fourth to one inch in length. The small, pale-yellow flowers come in cylindrical spikes. The straight or sickle-shaped seed-pod is sweet, and is eaten by stock. Propagation is by seed.The first Algaroba tree of Hawaii was brought to Honolulu in 1828 by Father Bachelot, founder of the Roman Catholic Mission in the Islands. It was planted in the Mission garden, where the venerable tree is standing today.

G. P. W. Collection.Plate CXXI

The Kiawe deserves a special mention in this book, as it is, in my opinion, one of the most valuable and beautiful trees that grows in the Hawaiian Islands. Perhaps on account of its very general dissemination, and because of the ease with which it spreads spontaneously, even in the driest districts, it has received less consideration than has been accorded to other plants more difficult of propagation.

The Kiawe is the foundation of all the beauty of our lowlands, and provides a delicate background for other plants. Under favorable circumstances, it reaches to a height of 50 feet. It has wide-spreading branches and delicate-green foliage. The flowers yield a delicious honey, and the seed-pods furnish a valuable fodder, and, finally, when the tree is cut down, its wood makes the very best of fuel. The Algaroba is a native of Central and South America. Ordinarily it is a moderate-sized tree of quick and easy growth. Its branches in most cases are covered with stout, cylindrical, axillary spines, and in other cases they are unarmed.

The abruptly bi-pinnate leaves have from 6 to 30 pairs of linear leaflets about one-fourth to one inch in length. The small, pale-yellow flowers come in cylindrical spikes. The straight or sickle-shaped seed-pod is sweet, and is eaten by stock. Propagation is by seed.

The first Algaroba tree of Hawaii was brought to Honolulu in 1828 by Father Bachelot, founder of the Roman Catholic Mission in the Islands. It was planted in the Mission garden, where the venerable tree is standing today.

Plate CXXI.Plate CXXI.—Algaroba—"Kiawe."

Plate CXXI.—Algaroba—"Kiawe."

Detailed Transcriber's NotesGeneral Notes.The relative size of items noted in the captions of the Plates relates to the original book, not to this document. Scaling of the images in preparation of this ebook and the size and resolution of the media on which the ebook is read make general statements about relative size of the pictured items impossible.The "Index" was completely reworked so that it reflects the titles and captions within the body of the book. The original style was maintained. Details of changes to the "Index" are omitted. Links in the "Index" point to the text preceding a Plate, not the Plate itself, whereas the page number indicates the Plate.When opening the original book to any of the Plate pages, the associated text appeared on the left hand page and the Plate appeared on the right hand page. Therefore, in this ebook, the text associated with a Plate always precedes the Plate.The text of the book varies from the original in that obvious misprints have been fixed. Where the intent of the misprint was not obvious, it has been left in place and noted below. Use of archaic and unusual words, spelling and styling has been maintained. Inconsistent hyphenation has been retained. Capitalization of botanical names is maintained as in the original. Details of thechangesfollow.Details of the changes.Frequently used archaic spellings and styling which have been maintained: anona (annona), cocoanut (coconut), Guatamala (Guatemala), and Nuuanu avenue (Nuuanu Avenue). Others occur less frequently.Both the spellings preceding and preceeding were used throughout the book. They have been standardized to preceding, as noted below.In the caption ofPlate III, to match the text title—changed to: Guatamala Avocado (in original book: Avocado).In the text withPlate IV, changed to: elevation (in original book: elevtaion); and inserted period after the fruit-bearing stems.In the text withPlate V, changed to: successful (in original book: ssuccessful).In the text withPlate XI, changed to: preceding (in original book: preceeding).In the text withPlate XVII, changed to: soil (in original book: sosil); and to: preceding (in original book: preceeding).In the text title withPlate XX, changed to: edulis (in original book: eduiis).In the text withPlate XXII, for clarity, changed to: 1-16th (in original book: 1-16); and changed to: underside (in original book: under-side) for consistency with elsewhere in the book.In the text withPlate XXIV, changed to: small (in original book: samll).In the text withPlate XXXI, changed to: leaves (in original book: laves) and changed to: who (in original book: whos).In the text and captions associated with PlatesXXXV,XXXVIandXXXVII, the spellings papaya and papaia were both used. They have been standardized to papaya.In the caption ofPlate XXXVI, moved the period (".") outside the parentheses, to match chapter heading.the text withPlate XXXVII, the word pesin is probably a printing error, however it is unclear whether the intended word was resin or pepsin. The error has been left as in the original.In the text withPlate XXXVIII, changed to: generally (in original book: generaly).In the caption ofPlate XXXVIII, italicized Chinese Orange for consistency with other caption formatting.In the text title and caption ofPlate XLI, changed to: lime (in original book: limes) for consistency with rest of the book.In the title of the text withPlate XLV, changed to: WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE (in original book: WASHINGTON NAVEL).In the text withPlate LVI, changed to: protuberance (in original book: portuberance).In the text title and caption ofPlate LVIII, changed to: Sweet Red Guava (in original book: Sweet red).In the text withPlate LVIII, changed to: preceding (in original book: preceeding).In the title of the text withPlate LXIV, changed to: LXIV (in original book: LXVI).In the text withPlate LXVI, changed to: following (in original book: folowing); and changed to: so-called (in original book: socalled) for consistency with elsewhere in the book.In the title of the text withPlate LXVII, changed to: varieties (in original book: varities); and in the text, changed to: center (in original book: centre) for consistency with the elsewhere in the book.In the text withPlate LXX, I suspect that 100 to 40 should have been 10 to 40.In the text and caption ofPlate LXXII, changed to: candlenut (in original book: candle nut, candle-nut and candlenut) for consistency within this page.In the text withPlate LXXIX, changed to: preceding (in original book: preceeding).In the text withPlate LXXXVI, changed to: consists (in original book: consistss).In the text withPlate LXXXIX, changed to: parabola (in original book: parobola).In the text withPlate XCI, changed to: yellow (in original book: yelow).In the text withPlate XCV, changed to: delicious (in original book: declicious).In the title of the text withPlate XCIX, changed to: Phyllanthus (in original book: Phllanthus).In the title of the text withPlate CII, changed to: Sinensis (in original book: Sinense).In the title of the text withPlate CIIIand in the caption: Granadilla (in original book: Grenadilla).In the text withPlate CIII, changed to: climber (in original book: climer); and changed to: succulent (in original book: suculent).In the caption ofPlate CVIII, changed to: Night-blooming (in original book: Night-Blooming) for consistency in caption formatting.In the text withPlate CX, changed to: considered (in original book: considereed); and changed to the archaic word: saltish (in original book: satlish).In the text withPlate CXIII, changed to: American (in original book: Ameriican).In the title of the text withPlate CXIV, changed to: collococca (in original book: colloccoca).In the text withPlate CXVII, changed to: Honolulu (in original book: Honolulue).In the text withPlate CXVIII, changed to: where it is (in original book: where is is).In the caption ofPlate CXIX, for consistency changed to: Pineapple (in original book: Pine apple).

The relative size of items noted in the captions of the Plates relates to the original book, not to this document. Scaling of the images in preparation of this ebook and the size and resolution of the media on which the ebook is read make general statements about relative size of the pictured items impossible.

The "Index" was completely reworked so that it reflects the titles and captions within the body of the book. The original style was maintained. Details of changes to the "Index" are omitted. Links in the "Index" point to the text preceding a Plate, not the Plate itself, whereas the page number indicates the Plate.

When opening the original book to any of the Plate pages, the associated text appeared on the left hand page and the Plate appeared on the right hand page. Therefore, in this ebook, the text associated with a Plate always precedes the Plate.

The text of the book varies from the original in that obvious misprints have been fixed. Where the intent of the misprint was not obvious, it has been left in place and noted below. Use of archaic and unusual words, spelling and styling has been maintained. Inconsistent hyphenation has been retained. Capitalization of botanical names is maintained as in the original. Details of thechangesfollow.

Frequently used archaic spellings and styling which have been maintained: anona (annona), cocoanut (coconut), Guatamala (Guatemala), and Nuuanu avenue (Nuuanu Avenue). Others occur less frequently.

Both the spellings preceding and preceeding were used throughout the book. They have been standardized to preceding, as noted below.

In the caption ofPlate III, to match the text title—changed to: Guatamala Avocado (in original book: Avocado).

In the text withPlate IV, changed to: elevation (in original book: elevtaion); and inserted period after the fruit-bearing stems.

In the text withPlate V, changed to: successful (in original book: ssuccessful).

In the text withPlate XI, changed to: preceding (in original book: preceeding).

In the text withPlate XVII, changed to: soil (in original book: sosil); and to: preceding (in original book: preceeding).

In the text title withPlate XX, changed to: edulis (in original book: eduiis).

In the text withPlate XXII, for clarity, changed to: 1-16th (in original book: 1-16); and changed to: underside (in original book: under-side) for consistency with elsewhere in the book.

In the text withPlate XXIV, changed to: small (in original book: samll).

In the text withPlate XXXI, changed to: leaves (in original book: laves) and changed to: who (in original book: whos).

In the text and captions associated with PlatesXXXV,XXXVIandXXXVII, the spellings papaya and papaia were both used. They have been standardized to papaya.

In the caption ofPlate XXXVI, moved the period (".") outside the parentheses, to match chapter heading.

the text withPlate XXXVII, the word pesin is probably a printing error, however it is unclear whether the intended word was resin or pepsin. The error has been left as in the original.

In the text withPlate XXXVIII, changed to: generally (in original book: generaly).

In the caption ofPlate XXXVIII, italicized Chinese Orange for consistency with other caption formatting.

In the text title and caption ofPlate XLI, changed to: lime (in original book: limes) for consistency with rest of the book.

In the title of the text withPlate XLV, changed to: WASHINGTON NAVEL ORANGE (in original book: WASHINGTON NAVEL).

In the text withPlate LVI, changed to: protuberance (in original book: portuberance).

In the text title and caption ofPlate LVIII, changed to: Sweet Red Guava (in original book: Sweet red).

In the text withPlate LVIII, changed to: preceding (in original book: preceeding).

In the title of the text withPlate LXIV, changed to: LXIV (in original book: LXVI).

In the text withPlate LXVI, changed to: following (in original book: folowing); and changed to: so-called (in original book: socalled) for consistency with elsewhere in the book.

In the title of the text withPlate LXVII, changed to: varieties (in original book: varities); and in the text, changed to: center (in original book: centre) for consistency with the elsewhere in the book.

In the text withPlate LXX, I suspect that 100 to 40 should have been 10 to 40.

In the text and caption ofPlate LXXII, changed to: candlenut (in original book: candle nut, candle-nut and candlenut) for consistency within this page.

In the text withPlate LXXIX, changed to: preceding (in original book: preceeding).

In the text withPlate LXXXVI, changed to: consists (in original book: consistss).

In the text withPlate LXXXIX, changed to: parabola (in original book: parobola).

In the text withPlate XCI, changed to: yellow (in original book: yelow).

In the text withPlate XCV, changed to: delicious (in original book: declicious).

In the title of the text withPlate XCIX, changed to: Phyllanthus (in original book: Phllanthus).

In the title of the text withPlate CII, changed to: Sinensis (in original book: Sinense).

In the title of the text withPlate CIIIand in the caption: Granadilla (in original book: Grenadilla).

In the text withPlate CIII, changed to: climber (in original book: climer); and changed to: succulent (in original book: suculent).

In the caption ofPlate CVIII, changed to: Night-blooming (in original book: Night-Blooming) for consistency in caption formatting.

In the text withPlate CX, changed to: considered (in original book: considereed); and changed to the archaic word: saltish (in original book: satlish).

In the text withPlate CXIII, changed to: American (in original book: Ameriican).

In the title of the text withPlate CXIV, changed to: collococca (in original book: colloccoca).

In the text withPlate CXVII, changed to: Honolulu (in original book: Honolulue).

In the text withPlate CXVIII, changed to: where it is (in original book: where is is).

In the caption ofPlate CXIX, for consistency changed to: Pineapple (in original book: Pine apple).

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