PART VI

We have a lot of objectionable people in the county, who have spilled over from Washington, but we will at least require that they bring their 'duds' along before they can hope to experience a cordial reception.[287]

A more critical matter was the importation and propagation of insects from the city, such as the oriental fruit moth, which thrived in the carelessly kept backyard plantings of suburbanites and then wreaked havoc in commercial orchards. County agents Derr and Beard spent considerable time advising these newcomers and helping them plant their gardens.[288]

Aside from these minor alarms, the urban influx had really serious consequences for the farmers of Fairfax County. As the numbers of non-farm residents grew, political interest lines began to be drawn and in some cases the farmers began losing control over local governing policies. This did not happen in all areas; for example, the County Board of Supervisors consisted solely of farmers well into the 1940s. However, in some vicinities there were definitepoliticalrepercussions from the suburban population, such as in Herndon, which although commercially oriented, had always been sympathetic to the farmer's views. In the years after the arrival of the electric trolley, city workers and farmers battled at the polls over mayoral candidates and council representatives; by the 1920s the town council was dominated by businessmen and professionals.[289]

This growing tendency towards politicalalienationfor the farmer was foreshadowed in a letter of complaint written by the Farmer's Club #1 to the Governor of Virginia in October, 1909:

The attention of the Fairfax Farmer's Club No. 1 has been called to the fact that the delegates from this county to the Farmer's National Congress are not farmers, one being Sheriff of the County, the other a merchant—both reputable citizens but neither interested directly in agriculture.[290]

Like the other changes shaking the farmers' world, the loss of government influence created a disturbing sense of impermanence and estrangement. This, coupled with the previously mentioned tax rise (which was exacerbated by the influx of people, all purchasing land and creating a rise in prices due to demand) indicated to the farmer that he was losing control over a world which had for generations remained secure and settled. Ultimately, these forces crowded him out altogether, and simultaneously destroyed most of the pastoral communities to which the suburbanites had hoped to escape.

PART V—NOTES

Community

[222]For an extensive study of community relations, see Kolb and Brunner,A Study of Rural Society, 75-139.

[223]Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979.

[224]Schneider,Memoirs of Herndon, Virginia, 35.

[225]Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979.

[226]Derr Report, 1930, 16.

[227]Ellmore/Netherton, March 2, 1978.

[228]Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979.

[229]Ibid.

[230]Ibid.

[231]Andrew M. D. Wolf, "Country Medicine in Fairfax County, Virginia, at the Turn of the Twentieth Century," unpublished monograph, January 23, 1976, copy in Virginiana, 5-6.

[232]Frances Darlington Simpson quoted inOut of Frying Pan, 26.

[233]Louise Ryder, "Some Thoughts about Frying Pan Baptist Church," unpublished monograph, June, 1972; and "How Frying Pan Park Got Its Name,"Fairfax Herald, n.d. (clipping), and miscellaneous notes on Frying Pan by Louise Ryder, June, 1977, courtesy of Louise Ryder.

[234]John Davis quoted in Ryder, "Some Thoughts about Frying Pan Baptist Church," 4; Schneider,Memoirs of Herndon, Virginia; and Ryder notes.

[235]Derr Reports, 1919 and 1925; and Beard/Pryor, February 27, 1979.

[236]14th Census of the United States, 1920, National Archives and Records Service.

[237]Fairfax County Deed Books, Liber E-6, 48-51; and Liber H-5, 616-617.

[238]Nickell and Randolph,An Economic and Social Survey of Fairfax County, 70-71.

[239]Ibid.; Beard/Pryor, February 27, 1979; "Floris Home Demonstration Club,"Herndon News-Observer, March 10, 1932; Howard Simmons, "History of Floris Vocational High School," unpublished monograph, n.d., copy courtesy of Elizabeth and Emma Ellmore; Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979; and Gladys T. Spencer to Mrs. Ernest Ryder, February 15, 1979, copy courtesy of Louise Ryder.

[240]Harrison/Pryor, February 5, 1979; Nickell and Randolph,An Economic and Social Survey of Fairfax County, 71; Peck/Netherton, February 23, 1978; Greear/Netherton, March 23, 1978.

[241]Simmons; Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979; Beard/Pryor, February 28, 1979; and Harrison/Pryor, February 5, 1979.

[242]Simmons; Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979.

[243]Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979.

[244]Interview with Lulah Ferguson by Steve Matthews, Falls Church, Virginia, August 16, 1971.

[245]Peck/Netherton, February 23, 1978.

[246]Herndon News-Observer, March 12, 1925.

[247]Simmons, "Floris Retains High Rating at Blacksburg,"Herndon News-Observer, April 20, 1928.

[248]"Commencement Exercises in Our County High Schools,"Herndon News-Observer, June 16, 1927.

[249]Simmons; Minutes of Farmer's Club #1, June 6, 1910; and Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979.

[250]Rogers/Corbat, et al., June 12, 1970.

[251]Ryder, "Some Thoughts About Frying Pan Baptist Church"; Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979; Beard/Harrison/Pryor, March 6, 1979; and Schneider,Memoirs of Herndon, Virginia, 8.

[252]Floris United Methodist Church: An Historical Account, 1891-1974, (Herndon, Virginia, 1975), 40.

[253]Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979.

[254]Ibid.

[255]Floris Methodist Church, 23.

[256]Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979; Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979; Harrison/Pryor, February 5, 1979; Peck/Netherton, January 23, 1978.

[257]Telephone conversation with Louise Ryder, January 25, 1979.

[258]Ibid.; R. Middleton/Netherton, February 24, 1978; Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979; Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979.

[259]Ellmore/Netherton, March 2, 1978; andHerndon News-Observer, May 13, 1926.

[260]Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979.

[261]Gladys Spencer to Louise Ryder, February 15, 1979; and note to author by Louise McNair Ryder, n.d., (spring, 1979).

[262]Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979 (notes taken after interview); and Harrison/Pryor, February 5, 1979.

[263]Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979; and Peck/Netherton, February 23, 1978.

[264]Farmer's Club #1, Minutes, August 21, 1913.

[265]Lucy Steptoe Report, 1924.

[266]Schneider,Memoirs of Herndon, Virginia, 27-28.

[267]Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979.

[268]"Fairfax County Fair,"Herndon News-Observer, September 23, 1926.

[269]Derr Report, 1931; and Peck/Netherton, February 23, 1978.

[270]Program, Fifth Annual Floris Community Fair, Thursday, August 24, 1939, copy in Beard Report, 1939.

[271]Rice to author, January 30, 1979.

[272]Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979.

[273]Nearly everyone spoke enthusiastically of the Floris fair. See especially Harrison/Pryor, February 5, 1979; Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979; Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979.

[274]Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979; and Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979.

[275]"Family Reunion at Floris,"Herndon News-Observer, May 5, 1927; "Events in Floris,"Herndon News-Observer, March 21, 1935.

[276]Simpson,Virginia Country Life and Cooking, 52.

[277]Among those who chose such careers were Joseph Beard and John Beard (county extension agents); Franklin Ellmore, on the staff of Virginia Polytechnic Institute; Chester McLaren, head of agricultural education at Virginia Polytechnic Institute; and Jack Patton, of the Fish and Wildlife Commission in North Carolina; see Ellmore/Middleton/Pryor, March 8, 1979.

[278]Peck/Netherton, February 23, 1978.

[279]Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979.

[280]E. B. Henderson and Edith Hussey,History of the Fairfax County Branch of the NAACP, October, 1965, 7-8.

[281]Rogers/Corbat, et al., June 12, 1970.

[282]Derr Report, 1936.

[283]Beard/Harrison/Pryor, March 6, 1979; and Beard/Pryor, February 27, 1979.

[284]Peck/Netherton, February 23, 1978.

[285]See, for example, "The Future of Fairfax County,"Herndon News-Observer, October 20, 1927.

[286]Editorial,Fairfax Herald, April 23, 1926; and Beard/Pryor, January 23, 1979.

[287]"The Nudist Camp,"Herndon News-Observer, October 8, 1933.

[288]Derr Report, 1937; and Louis A. Stearns, "The Present State of the Oriental Fruit Moth in Northern Virginia,"Virginia Agricultural Extension Bulletin 234.

[289]Netherton, et al.,Fairfax County, 483.

[290]Farmer's Club #1, Minutes, October 21, 1909.

The population boom of the post-World War II period (with the consequent demand for land), the huge jump in land taxes, and competition from larger, more efficient farms, spelled doom for the family farm in Fairfax County. The county's farmers had spent much of the inter-war period adjusting to the new agricultural modes, but they could not adapt to the burgeoning metropolitan area's desire for expansion. The construction of Dulles International Airport in the late 1950s further depleted the county's agricultural areas, wiping out both the Willard community and much of the farmland around Floris. Even those farmers who had noticed the trends of twenty years felt a nagging sense of loss and resentment at the passing of their traditional way of life.[291]

Frying Pan Park is an attempt to give citizens a glimpse of their heritage by recreating the familiar patterns of family farming. Its location (near the corner of West Ox and Centreville Roads) in the still-quiet Floris center makes it ideal for interpretation of the more tranquil past. The park's purpose is primarily educational and historical, however it also offers recreational activities. These include equestrian facilities, bridle paths and nature walks, as well as the model farm.

The idea for such a park began in 1957 when Joseph Beard, then the county agent, began proposing uses for the old Floris School property which was no longer needed by the county schoolboard. He advised the Fairfax County government that the land and school buildings be established as a youth center. As such, it would be available to the Future Farmers of America, the 4-H Club, scouting groups, and similar organizations to stage fairs, hold meetings and provide recreation.[292]This proposal was accepted and in 1960 the land was deeded to the Fairfax County Park Authority whose powers of police protection and maintenance were superior to those of the individual young people's organizations. An independent citizen board was also established at this time and the Park has been continually administered by the Park Authority and Frying Pan Park Supervisory Board.[293]The latter consists of representatives of agricultural, homemaking and youth organizations such as the Agricultural Extension Advisory Board, the Fairfax County Granges and the Future Homemakers of America. Under their direction, the 4-H not only began to clean the grounds, but staged a few tentative activities. The early success of the events, coupled with a growing interest in the park by equestrian groups, led the Fairfax County Park Authority to acquire bits and pieces of adjoining property throughout the 1960s and 1970s, enlarging the original holding of 4.39 acres to 87.6 acres. They also constructed several buildings for use in livestock exhibitions and horse shows.[294]A model farm, strongly advocated by the county agent, Grange and other farm-oriented groups was also proposed in this first decade. A dearth of development money and popular pressure to expand the equestrian facilities combined to delay its inception.[295]

Larger Image

Master plan of Frying Pan Park showing ideal arrangement of the model farm, exhibition halls, and equestrian facilities. Fairfax County Park Authority, 1974.

In 1965 the Park Authority bought the Floyd Kidwell farm next to the original school tract which consisted of some 40 acres with several farm buildings. The Kidwells had owned the property since 1934; their farm being the very sort of family operation that proponents of the model farm project hoped to show.[296]Money was still scarce for the farm's development, however; therefore, most of the land was earmarked for equestrian use—only a third was set aside for the model farm. Additional acreage, purchased in 1974 (and again in 1977) and the acquisition of the Kidwell farm buildings made more extensive and authentic cultivation possible; the farm was finally established in 1974.[297]Because the land was pieced together from numerous sources, the farm is presented as a representation of small-scale farming in the county, not an exact recreation of the Kidwell farm. In its patchwork composition, it echoes the trends of the county for few farms stayed intact during the fluctuations of the 1920s and 1930s, but were added to or diminished depending on the cash flow.

Model farms originated in Scandinavia, where entire villages were preserved during the late 19th century in order to save the folkways which were rapidly eroding in the wake of industrial development. In this country the earliest efforts at such preservation took place in the 1940s. They had only scanty growth until a thoughtful article by Marion Clawson was published inAgricultural Historyin April, 1965. This piece alerted preservationists and historians to the possibility of such projects and influenced the establishment of nearly one hundred such "open-air museums," among them the National Park Service's Turkey Run Farm near McLean, Virginia.[298]

Frying Pan Farm differs from most of these restorations in its portrayal of 20th century farming, a time and way of working that many older people can still recall. Rather than show the slow and hand-operated life of a pre-mechanization farmer, Frying Pan Farm shows the farm in a dynamic transition. In the words of the supervisory board, it recreates a time that "had not given up the idea of home-cured meats, home vegetable gardens, home orchards, apple butter, sorghum molasses ... but it was considering the use of farm tractors, milking machines, and tractor-drawn equipment...."[299]The farm thus portrays crop and pasturage rotation, and some mechanized activity with a 1940 tractor, yet the farmer harvests his grain with a horse-drawn binder. Most of the equipment is from the pre-World War II period and animals have been chosen or bred to conform to those available in the 1930s. A volunteer program, established in 1976, aids the farmer in tending the large vegetable garden, and the livestock which consists of poultry, hogs, rabbits, goats, sheep, dairy cows and draft horses. Frying Pan Farm cultivates corn, wheat and hay crops and includes a late-19th century farmstead, a frame barn, shed, henhouse, and rabbit hutch and a machine and separator shed. An orchard and additional crop acreage and fencing are planned. Far from being a zoo or a site of isolated craft or mechanical demonstrations, the farm is operated daily as if agriculture were its only aim. Crops are grown not merely for show but to feed the animal stock and manure is used to fertilize garden and grain fields. The visitor who stops by the farm does not see a prearranged interpretive display, but chances on the farmer performing that day's necessary work: milking, haying, repairing fences, or plowing.[300]

This early threshing machine is one of the pieces of period equipment owned by Frying Pan Farm. Photo, Virginiana Collection, Fairfax County Public Library.

Laura Parham and Kim Stanton work in the vegetable garden at Frying Pan Farm. Volunteers do much of the garden work at the site. Photo, Fairfax County Park Authority.

The farmyard at Frying Pan Farm in early fall. The barn houses livestock such as horses, pigs, sheep, goats, and dairy cows. Photo, Fairfax County Park Authority.

The farm boasts one structure not properly belonging to it, but nonetheless most relevant to the interpretation of early 20th century farm life: the Moffett Blacksmith Shop. The shop was owned by Henry Moffett and stood in Herndon for 70 years, from 1904 until the Frying Pan Park Supervisory Board bought it in 1974. At this time the shop was torn down and reassembled near the model farm as a memorial to their former chairman (and donor of the funds to save the Moffett Shop), Hatcher Ankers. Henry Moffett, realizing that the advent of the tractor and automobile would eliminate the need for his business, displayed considerable foresight by collecting blacksmithing tools all over the Washington area. His shop now houses some of this equipment and another portion is in the Smithsonian Institution, though Moffett no longer does any smithing. The park offers courses in ornamental iron working at the shop.[301]

The presence of the Moffett Blacksmith Shop at Frying Pan Park emphasizes the interdependence of farmer and smith. The machinist of his day, the blacksmith repaired wagon tongues, and mended heavy plows and other farm equipment. As late as the 20th century, the smith produced tools, and ornamental items in addition to his steady business of shoeing horses. His work required a sensitive understanding of farming and the quirks and habits of the farmer and his animals. Henry Moffett himself owned a farm, giving him special insight into the agriculturalist's needs, a factor which may have been partially responsible for the comparative success and longevity of his business. "I had more trade than any man around here," Moffett admitted. "During the Depression we showed more profit per man than any other business." Blacksmithing was a trade which required skill, but also courage, to wield heavy instruments, work with molten metals and face stiff competition and the sometimes ugly customers. Henry Moffett seems to have combined these qualities with a rare integrity. When competition became keen among the many Herndon forges, Moffett refused to resort to the accepted practice of defaming the other smiths to build up his own business. Stated Moffett, "I figured if I can't make it without bringing somebody else down I shouldn't bother."[302]

The farmer's house at Frying Pan Farm. Photo, Fairfax County Park Authority.

Two young girls meet two young goats at an exhibition at Frying Pan Park. Photo, Fairfax County Park Authority.

John Hopkins, a park employee, demonstrates the use of period blacksmithing tools in the Moffett Blacksmith Shop. Photo, Fairfax County Park Authority.

Pat Middleton, a contestant in a 4-H Club fair, held at Frying Pan Park. Copy of photo in Virginiana Collection, Fairfax County Public Library.

A cattle judging on the grounds of the Floris school, 1950. The shed, built in 1918, was used continually in the early twentieth century to house exhibits and fairs. Copy of photo in Virginiana Collection, Fairfax County Public Library.

The continuance of farming and limited blacksmithing in the Floris area provides a continuity with earlier eras that is also reflected in the equestrian and youth activities of the park. The site of the old Floris School was used during the 1930s for the Floris Community Fair and has for several decades been the site of the 4-H fair, which features many of the same activities as earlier exhibitions. A description of the 4-H fair of 1976 reads much as the accounts of 40 years previous:

Highlight of the opening ceremonies on Thursday evening, August 5, will be a goat-milking contest.... The program will open 7:30 p.m. with the posting of the colors by twenty 4-H members on horseback.... Projects on exhibit will include everything from animals to a rocketry display.... Six performances of local dance and instrumental groups have been scheduled and square dancing will take place at 2 p.m. Saturday. Horse shows will run continuously in the park's two rings during both days.... In addition the Extension Homemakers Club will present more than 20 working crafts exhibits on how to make everything from cottage cheese to doll-house furniture....[303]

In addition, several minor judgings are held each year. During 1970 for example, events at the park included a poultry judging, four dog shows, four sewing club events and one rabbit show.[304]Agriculturally oriented youth groups are also encouraged to meet at the park, and the master plan for development of Frying Pan Park calls for space for home economics and mechanical shops, areas for crafts instruction, an agriculture library, and dormitory rooms. In all of these pursuits, Frying Pan Park carries on the traditions of professional training in the field of agriculture established by the Floris Vocational High School.[305]

The use of park space for equestrian activities likewise mirrors the county citizens' continued interest in rural pleasures. The horse shows and facilities are the park's most popular feature, drawing over a thousand people per day for some events. Fifty-five equestrian events were staged in 1976, and the schedule now includes three Class "A" weekend shows sponsored by the American Quarterhorse Association, and judging for points in dressage, jumping, and other standard events. The construction of an indoor show ring was begun in the summer of 1979, and is expected to further expand the park's activities, especially providing space for winter shows. The park also expects to continue its program of week-long camps for pony clubs, and its extensive network of bridle paths.[306]

Frying Pan Park is unique both in its attempt to interpret a style of living which has not yet completely vanished, and in its combination of educational and recreational facilities. Its aim isnot merely to display old-fashioned implements or provide for the enjoyment of a special interest group. Rather it seeks to maintain a tradition of interest in rural life and culture by continuing to pursue it actively. The trials, hopes, and quiet pleasures of the countryside can be best appreciated where the farm is a living entity. The richness of the farmer's achievement is evident to the park's visitors through fairs, horse shows, and simply in gazing at a lushly billowing field of corn.

Dressage competition at Frying Pan Park, 1978. Equestrian activities have proved to be among the most popular events at the park. Photo, Fairfax County Public Library.

PART VI—NOTES

Frying Pan Park

[291]Netherton, et al.,Fairfax County, 544-568; and Beard/Pryor, February 27, 1979.

[292]Joseph Beard to W. T. Woodson, Fairfax, Virginia, March 26, 1957, copy in Frying Pan Farm files, Fairfax County Park Authority (hereafter cited as FCPA).

[293]Copy of deed, December 6, 1960, in Land Acquisitions files, Frying Pan Farm, FCPA; and telephone conversation with Joseph Beard, April 26, 1979.

[294]Additional land was acquired as follows: .9726 acre on condemnation award from Floyd Lee, July 5, 1962 (cost $1,250); 38 acres bought from Floyd Kidwell, June 26, 1965 (cost $1,500 per acre); 5.2771 acres on condemnation award from Emma Neal Lee, January 29, 1965 (cost $3,958); 3.5684 acres (including house and outbuildings) bought from Floyd Kidwell, March 26, 1970 (cost $34,275); 19.0766 acres bought from Annie May Poole Whittier, September, 1974 (cost $80,121.72); and 21.63898 acres on condemnation award from Robert E. Clark, May 31, 1977 (cost $173,000). It is interesting to note the rise in land prices during these years. See Land Acquisitions records, FCPA.

[295]Beard/Pryor, February 27, 1979.

[296]See deed between Asa E. Bradshaw and Floyd Kidwell, in Fairfax County Deed Books, Liber L-11, 297.

[297]Memorandum from Frying Pan Park Supervisory Board, April, 1972; notes from Farm Committee, June, 1972; and "Proposed Plan for Kidwell Farm," Frying Pan Park, January, 1974, all in Frying Pan Park files, FCPA.

[298]John Schlebecker,Living Historical Farms: A Walk into the Past(Washington, D.C., 1968), 5-16.

[299]Memorandum, April, 1972.

[300]Interview with John Hopkins, farm manager, March 6, 1979.

[301]"Henry Moffett: 'A Mighty Man,'"Washington Star, April 18, 1976; notes on interview with Henry Moffett by Nan Netherton, Herndon, Virginia, n.d., (1978).

[302]Ibid.

[303]"4-H Bicentennial Fair at Frying Pan Farm,"Fairfax Journal, August 6, 1976.

[304]1970 Annual Report, Frying Pan Farm files, FCPA.

[305]Master Plan, Frying Pan Farm, 1977, copy in files, FCPA.

[306]Annual Report, 1976, Frying Pan Park; untitled memorandum, May 3, 1974, both in files, FCPA; and Hopkins, March 6, 1979.

Manuscripts and InterviewsAll transcripts and notes from interviews are in the Virginiana Collection, Fairfax County Public Library.Bailey, Neal. Interview by Nan Netherton. Herndon, Virginia, December 12, 1978.Beard, Joseph. Interview by Nan Netherton and Patrick Reed. Fairfax, Virginia, November, 1974.Beard, Joseph. Interview by Elizabeth Pryor. Fairfax, Virginia, January 23, 1979, and February 2, 1979.Beard, Joseph and Holden Harrison. Interview by Elizabeth Pryor. Floris, Virginia. March 6, 1979.Carey, Patricia M.A Selected Bibliography of Resources on the History of Fairfax County, Virginia.Unpublished monograph, Catholic University, 1960.Deed Books, Fairfax County, Libers E-6, H-5 and L-11. Fairfax, Virginia, Fairfax County Courthouse.Derr, H. B. and Joseph Beard. Annual Reports of County Extension Agents, 1918-1940, in Virginiana Collection, Fairfax County Public Library.Ellmore, Elizabeth and Emma. Interview by Nan Netherton, Herndon, Virginia, March 2, 1978.Ellmore, Elizabeth and Emma and Rebecca Middleton. Interview by Elizabeth Pryor. Herndon, Virginia. March 6, 1979.Ferguson, Lulah. Interview by Steve Mathews. August 16, 1971.Greear, Virginia. Interview by Nan Netherton. Herndon, Virginia, March 23, 1978.Harrison, Holden and Ray, and Virginia Presgraves Harrison. Interview by Elizabeth Pryor. Chantilly, Virginia, February 5, 1979.Land Books, Fairfax County 1930-1931 in Virginiana Collection, Fairfax County Public Library.Lee, Margaret Mary. Interview by Nan Netherton. Oakton, Virginia, March 28, 1978.McNair, Wilson D. "What I Remember." Unpublished manuscript in possession of Mrs. Louise Ryder.Middleton, John and Edna. Interview by Nan Netherton. Herndon, Virginia, February 24, 1978.Millard, Emma. Interview by Dana Gumb. November 15, 1972.Minutes of Meetings, Farmer's Club #1. Herndon, Virginia, October 1, 1909 to January 13, 1935, in possession of Rebecca Middleton, Herndon, Virginia.Peck, Richard. Interview by Nan Netherton. Herndon, Virginia, February 23, 1978.Publicity Committee of Herndon Chamber of Commerce. "Facts Regarding Bond Issue Every Voter Should Know." Fairfax, Virginia, 1924. Copy in possession of Holden Harrison.Rice, Elizabeth. Letters to author, January and February, 1979.Rogers, Edith. Interview by Patty Corbat, Craig Smith and Phyllis Hirshman. Herndon, Virginia, June 12, 1970.Rogers, Edith. Interview by Nan Netherton. Herndon, Virginia, n.d. (c., spring, 1978).Ryder, Louise. "Some Thoughts About Frying Pan Baptist Church." Unpublished monograph, June, 1972.Scott Collection. Letters, Herd Record Books and Memorabilia of C. T. Rice. Oakton, Virginia.Shug, Rita. "The Town of Herndon." Unpublished monograph, George Mason University, May, 1973.Simmons, Howard. "History of Floris Vocational High School." Unpublished monograph, n.d. 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H. and Edmund S. de Brunner.A Study of Rural Society.Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1935.Lord, Russell.Men of Earth.New York: Longman's Green and Company, 1931.Martin, Oliver.On and Off the Concrete in Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia.Washington, D.C.: privately published, 1930.Miller, John C.The Federalist Era.New York: Harper and Row, 1968.Murphy, Arthur Morton.The Agricultural Depression: A Proposed Measure for Its Relief.Washington, D.C.: Catholic University, 1926.National Rural Electric Cooperative Association.Proceedings of the Long Range Study Committee I-III.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, November 1967-March 1968.Netherton, Nan, and Donald Sweig, Janice Artemel, Patricia Hickin, Patrick Reed.Fairfax County, Virginia: A History.Fairfax, Virginia: Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, 1978.Nickell, Lehman and Cary J. Randolph.An Economic and Social Survey of Fairfax County.Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia, 1924.Out of Frying Pan.Herndon, Virginia: privately published, 1964.Rasmussen, Wayne D. and Gladys L. Baker.Price-Support and Adjustment Programs from 1933-1978: A Short History.Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, 1979.Report of the Commission to Study the Condition of the Farmers of Virginia to the General Assembly of Virginia.Richmond: State Department of Agriculture, 1930.Richmond and Danville Railroad.Country Homes Near the Nation's Capital.Washington, D.C.: 1888.Rothery, Agnes.Virginia: The New Dominion.New York: D. Appleton—Century Company, 1940.Rural Electric Fact Book.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1960.Schaefer, Joseph.The Social History of American Agriculture.New York: McMillan Company, 1936.Schlebecker, John.Living Historical Farms: A Walk into the Past.Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1968.Schneider, Lottie Dyer.Memoirs of Herndon, Virginia.Marion, Virginia: privately published, 1962.Sears, Roebuck and Company.Catalogue.Chicago, 1927-28.Simpson, Frances Darlington.Virginia Country Life and Cooking.Washington, D.C.: privately published, 1963.Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940 Agriculture. Statistics for Counties.Volume I. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1942.Stearns, Louis A. "The Present State of the Oriental Fruit Moth in Northern Virginia."Virginia Agricultural Extension Bulletin 234.Thompson, E. P.The Making of the English Working Class.London: Penguin Books, 1966.United States Census of Agriculture, 1925: Statistics for Virginia.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1928.United States Congressional Records, 1914, 1916, 1917.United States Department of Agriculture.Abandoned or Idle Farms: Statistics for Counties and Summary for the United States.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1943.Virginia Agriculture, 1900-1958. Handbook of Information.Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnical Institute, 1960.Virginia Agriculture Advisory Council.A Five Year Program for the Development of Virginia's Agriculture.Richmond: State Department of Agriculture, 1923.Virginia Farm Statistics.Richmond: Virginia Department of Agriculture and United States Department of Agriculture, 1936.Virginia Polytechnical Institute.The Housing of Virginia's Rural Folk.Blacksburg, Virginia, 1930.Washington Evening Star.Washington, D.C., 1929, 1932, 1935.Wilkinson, Charles Kirk. "Reminiscences of Sherwood Farm and the Surrounding Area."Yearbook of Historical Society of Fairfax County, Virginia, Inc.Volume 9, 1964-1965.Work Progress Administration of Virginia.Part Time Farming in Virginia.Richmond: Division of Rural Research, 1938.

Manuscripts and Interviews

All transcripts and notes from interviews are in the Virginiana Collection, Fairfax County Public Library.

Bailey, Neal. Interview by Nan Netherton. Herndon, Virginia, December 12, 1978.

Beard, Joseph. Interview by Nan Netherton and Patrick Reed. Fairfax, Virginia, November, 1974.

Beard, Joseph. Interview by Elizabeth Pryor. Fairfax, Virginia, January 23, 1979, and February 2, 1979.

Beard, Joseph and Holden Harrison. Interview by Elizabeth Pryor. Floris, Virginia. March 6, 1979.

Carey, Patricia M.A Selected Bibliography of Resources on the History of Fairfax County, Virginia.Unpublished monograph, Catholic University, 1960.

Deed Books, Fairfax County, Libers E-6, H-5 and L-11. Fairfax, Virginia, Fairfax County Courthouse.

Derr, H. B. and Joseph Beard. Annual Reports of County Extension Agents, 1918-1940, in Virginiana Collection, Fairfax County Public Library.

Ellmore, Elizabeth and Emma. Interview by Nan Netherton, Herndon, Virginia, March 2, 1978.

Ellmore, Elizabeth and Emma and Rebecca Middleton. Interview by Elizabeth Pryor. Herndon, Virginia. March 6, 1979.

Ferguson, Lulah. Interview by Steve Mathews. August 16, 1971.

Greear, Virginia. Interview by Nan Netherton. Herndon, Virginia, March 23, 1978.

Harrison, Holden and Ray, and Virginia Presgraves Harrison. Interview by Elizabeth Pryor. Chantilly, Virginia, February 5, 1979.

Land Books, Fairfax County 1930-1931 in Virginiana Collection, Fairfax County Public Library.

Lee, Margaret Mary. Interview by Nan Netherton. Oakton, Virginia, March 28, 1978.

McNair, Wilson D. "What I Remember." Unpublished manuscript in possession of Mrs. Louise Ryder.

Middleton, John and Edna. Interview by Nan Netherton. Herndon, Virginia, February 24, 1978.

Millard, Emma. Interview by Dana Gumb. November 15, 1972.

Minutes of Meetings, Farmer's Club #1. Herndon, Virginia, October 1, 1909 to January 13, 1935, in possession of Rebecca Middleton, Herndon, Virginia.

Peck, Richard. Interview by Nan Netherton. Herndon, Virginia, February 23, 1978.

Publicity Committee of Herndon Chamber of Commerce. "Facts Regarding Bond Issue Every Voter Should Know." Fairfax, Virginia, 1924. Copy in possession of Holden Harrison.

Rice, Elizabeth. Letters to author, January and February, 1979.

Rogers, Edith. Interview by Patty Corbat, Craig Smith and Phyllis Hirshman. Herndon, Virginia, June 12, 1970.

Rogers, Edith. Interview by Nan Netherton. Herndon, Virginia, n.d. (c., spring, 1978).

Ryder, Louise. "Some Thoughts About Frying Pan Baptist Church." Unpublished monograph, June, 1972.

Scott Collection. Letters, Herd Record Books and Memorabilia of C. T. Rice. Oakton, Virginia.

Shug, Rita. "The Town of Herndon." Unpublished monograph, George Mason University, May, 1973.

Simmons, Howard. "History of Floris Vocational High School." Unpublished monograph, n.d. Copy in possession of Elizabeth and Emma Ellmore.

Spencer, Gladys T. to Mrs. Ernest Ryder. February 15, 1979. Copy in possession of Louise Ryder.

Will Books, Fairfax County, 1928. Fairfax Virginia, Fairfax County Courthouse.

Published Works

Agee, James and Walker Evans.Let Us Now Praise Famous Men.New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1960.

Bailey, Thomas A.The American Pageant.Boston: D.C. Heath, 1966.

Barger, Harold and Hans M. Lansburg.American Agriculture, 1899-1939.New York: The Arno Press, 1975.

Beitzeel, Edwin W.Life on the Potomac River.Washington, D.C.: privately published, 1968.

Corson, Juliet.Miss Corson's Practical American Cookery.New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1886.

Country Gentleman.February and March, 1935.

Fairfax County Board of Supervisors.Historic Progressive Fairfax County in Old Virginia.Alexandria, Virginia: Newell-Cole Company, 1928.

"Fairfax Farmer Threw Away His Plow in 1928 and Amazing Results Have Been Revolutionary."Richmond Times-Dispatch.September 17, 1951.

Fairfax Herald.Fairfax, Virginia, 1925-1935.

Federal Crop Reporting Service.Virginia Farm Statistics, 1935-1936.Richmond, Virginia, 1936.

Fifteenth Census of the United States: Agricultural Summary, 1929-1930.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1930.

Floris United Methodist Church: An Historical Account, 1891-1974.Herndon, Virginia, privately published, 1975.

Funk, W. C. "An Economic Study of Small Farms Near Washington, D.C."United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin 848.June 22, 1920.

Garnett, William Edward. "Rural Organization in Relation to Rural Life in Virginia."Virginia Agricultural Extension Station Bulletin 256.Blacksburg, Virginia, May, 1927.

Garnett, William Edward and John W. Ellison "Negro Life in Rural Virginia, 1865-1934."Virginia Polytechnical Institute Bulletin 295.June, 1934.

Gilliam, Sara K.Virginia People, A Study of the Growth and Distribution of the Population of Virginia from 1607-1943.Richmond: Virginia State Planning Board, 1944.

Glasgow, Ellen.Barren Ground.Richmond: Hill and Wang, 1933.

Goessling, Adeline.The Farm and Home Cookbook.Chicago: Phelps, 1919.

Gumb, Dana. "Pioneer Recalls McLean."Echoes of History.March and May 1972.

Hawkes, Robert T., Jr. "The Emergence of a Leader: Harry Flood Byrd, Governor of Virginia, 1926-1930."Virginia Magazine of History and Biography.Volume 82, Number 3, July, 1974.

Henderson, E. B. and Edith Hussey.History of Fairfax County Branch of the NAACP.Privately published, 1965.

Herndon News-Observer.Herndon, Virginia, 1925-1940.

Hill's Southern Almanac.Richmond: Virginia Fire and Marine Insurance Company, 1929.

Kolb, J. H. and Edmund S. de Brunner.A Study of Rural Society.Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1935.

Lord, Russell.Men of Earth.New York: Longman's Green and Company, 1931.

Martin, Oliver.On and Off the Concrete in Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia.Washington, D.C.: privately published, 1930.

Miller, John C.The Federalist Era.New York: Harper and Row, 1968.

Murphy, Arthur Morton.The Agricultural Depression: A Proposed Measure for Its Relief.Washington, D.C.: Catholic University, 1926.

National Rural Electric Cooperative Association.Proceedings of the Long Range Study Committee I-III.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, November 1967-March 1968.

Netherton, Nan, and Donald Sweig, Janice Artemel, Patricia Hickin, Patrick Reed.Fairfax County, Virginia: A History.Fairfax, Virginia: Fairfax County Board of Supervisors, 1978.

Nickell, Lehman and Cary J. Randolph.An Economic and Social Survey of Fairfax County.Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia, 1924.

Out of Frying Pan.Herndon, Virginia: privately published, 1964.

Rasmussen, Wayne D. and Gladys L. Baker.Price-Support and Adjustment Programs from 1933-1978: A Short History.Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, 1979.

Report of the Commission to Study the Condition of the Farmers of Virginia to the General Assembly of Virginia.Richmond: State Department of Agriculture, 1930.

Richmond and Danville Railroad.Country Homes Near the Nation's Capital.Washington, D.C.: 1888.

Rothery, Agnes.Virginia: The New Dominion.New York: D. Appleton—Century Company, 1940.

Rural Electric Fact Book.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1960.

Schaefer, Joseph.The Social History of American Agriculture.New York: McMillan Company, 1936.

Schlebecker, John.Living Historical Farms: A Walk into the Past.Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1968.

Schneider, Lottie Dyer.Memoirs of Herndon, Virginia.Marion, Virginia: privately published, 1962.

Sears, Roebuck and Company.Catalogue.Chicago, 1927-28.

Simpson, Frances Darlington.Virginia Country Life and Cooking.Washington, D.C.: privately published, 1963.

Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940 Agriculture. Statistics for Counties.Volume I. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1942.

Stearns, Louis A. "The Present State of the Oriental Fruit Moth in Northern Virginia."Virginia Agricultural Extension Bulletin 234.

Thompson, E. P.The Making of the English Working Class.London: Penguin Books, 1966.

United States Census of Agriculture, 1925: Statistics for Virginia.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1928.

United States Congressional Records, 1914, 1916, 1917.

United States Department of Agriculture.Abandoned or Idle Farms: Statistics for Counties and Summary for the United States.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1943.

Virginia Agriculture, 1900-1958. Handbook of Information.Blacksburg: Virginia Polytechnical Institute, 1960.

Virginia Agriculture Advisory Council.A Five Year Program for the Development of Virginia's Agriculture.Richmond: State Department of Agriculture, 1923.

Virginia Farm Statistics.Richmond: Virginia Department of Agriculture and United States Department of Agriculture, 1936.

Virginia Polytechnical Institute.The Housing of Virginia's Rural Folk.Blacksburg, Virginia, 1930.

Washington Evening Star.Washington, D.C., 1929, 1932, 1935.

Wilkinson, Charles Kirk. "Reminiscences of Sherwood Farm and the Surrounding Area."Yearbook of Historical Society of Fairfax County, Virginia, Inc.Volume 9, 1964-1965.

Work Progress Administration of Virginia.Part Time Farming in Virginia.Richmond: Division of Rural Research, 1938.

Transcriber's Note:Punctuation has been corrected without note.

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