BOOK FOURTH.ON IDEAS.CHAPTERPAGEI.Cursory View of Sensism3II.Condillac's Statue6III.Difference between Geometrical Ideas and the Sensible Representations which accompany them12IV.The Idea and the Intellectual Act15V.Comparison of Geometrical with Non-Geometrical Ideas20VI.In what the Geometrical Idea consists; and what are its Relations with Sensible Intuition25VII.The Acting Intellect of the Aristotelians29VIII.Kant and the Aristotelians33IX.Historical View of the Value of Pure Ideas42X.Sensible Intuition50XI.Two Cognitions: Intuitive and Discursive54XII.The Sensism of Kant57XIII.Existence of Pure Intellectual Intuition59XIV.Value of Intellectual Conceptions.—Abstraction made from Intellectual Intuition62XV.Illustrations of the Value of General Conceptions65XVI.Value of Principles, independently of Sensible Intuition68XVII.Relations of Intuition with the rank of the Perceptive Being71XVIII.Aspirations of the Human Soul74XIX.Elements and variety of the characters of Sensible Representation76XX.Intermediate Representations between Sensible Intuition and the Intellectual Act81XXI.Determinate and Indeterminate Ideas84XXII.Limits of our Intuition88XXIII.Of the Necessity involved in Ideas92XXIV.Existence of Universal Reason96XXV.In what does Universal Reason consist?99XXVI.Remarks on the Real Foundation of Pure Possibility102XXVII.Individual and Intellectual Phenomena explained by the Universal Subsisting Reason105XXVIII.Observations on the Relation of Language to Ideas108XXIX.Origin and Character of the relation between Language and Ideas112XXX.Innate Ideas115BOOK FIFTH.IDEA OF BEING.I.Idea of Being125II.Simplicity and Indeterminateness of the Idea of Being127III.Substantive and Copulative Being129IV.Being, the Object of the Understanding, is not the Possible, Inasmuch as Possible134V.A Difficulty Solved138VI.In what Sense the Idea of Being is the Form of the Understanding141VII.All Science is founded in the Postulate of Existence143VIII.The foundation of Pure Possibility, and the Condition of its Existence147IX.Idea of Negation150X.Identity; Distinction; Unity; Multiplicity153XI.Origin of the Idea of Being155XII.Distinction between Essence and Existence161XIII.Kant's Opinion of Reality and Negation164XIV.Recapitulation and Consequences of the Doctrine concerning the Idea of Being168BOOK SIXTH.UNITY AND NUMBER.I.Preliminary Considerations on the Idea of Unity175II.What is Unity?176III.Unity and Simplicity180IV.Origin of the Tendency of our Mind to Unity183V.Generation of the Idea of Number187VI.Connection of the Ideas of Number with their Signs191VII.Analysis of the Idea of Number in Itself and its Relations with Signs194BOOK SEVENTH.ON TIME.I.Importance and Difficulty of the Subject201II.Is Time the Measure of Movement?203III.Similarities and Differences between Time and Space206IV.Definition of Time211V.Time is Nothing Absolute213VI.Difficulties in the explanation of Velocity215VII.Fundamental Explanation of Succession219VIII.What is Co-existence?223IX.Present, Past, and Future226X.Application of the preceding Doctrine to several important Questions231XI.The Analysis of the Idea of Time confirms its resemblance to the Idea of Space234XII.Relations of the Idea of Time to Experience236XIII.Kant's Opinion239XIV.Fundamental Explanation of the Objective Possibility and of the Necessity of the Idea of Time242XV.Important Corollaries243XVI.Pure Ideal Time and Empirical Time245XVII.Relations of the Idea of Time and the Principle of Contradiction247XVIII.Summing up254XIX.A glance at the Ideas of Space, Number, and Time257BOOK EIGHTH.THE INFINITE.I.Transitory View of the Actual State of Philosophy263II.Importance and Anomaly of the Questions on the Idea of the Infinite268III.Have we the Idea of the Infinite?269IV.The Limit272V.Considerations on the Application of the Idea of the Infinite to continuous quantities, and to Discrete Quantities, in so far as these last are expressed in Series274VI.Origin of the Vagueness and Apparent Contradictions in the Application of the Idea of the Infinite278VII.Fundamental Explanation of the Abstract Idea of the Infinite281VIII.The Definition of Infinity confirmed by Application to Extension285IX.Conception of an Infinite Number289X.Conception of Infinite Extension292XI.Possibility of Infinite Extension294XII.Solution of Various Objections against the Possibility of an Infinite Extension296XIII.Existence of Infinite Extension302XIV.Possibility of an Actual Infinite Number304XV.Idea of Absolutely Infinite Being311XVI.All the Reality contained in Indeterminate Conceptions is affirmed of God315XVII.All that is not contradictory in Intuitive Ideas is affirmed of God317XVIII.Intelligence and the Absolutely Infinite Being321XIX.Summing up324BOOK NINTH.ON SUBSTANCE.I.Name and General Idea of Substance331II.Application of the Idea of Substance to Corporeal Objects333III.Definition of Corporeal Substance338IV.Relation of Corporeal Substance to its Accidents340V.Considerations on Corporeal Substance in Itself344VI.Substantiality of the Human Me347VII.Relation of the Proposition, I Think, to the Substantiality of the Me349VIII.Remarks on the Soul's Intuition of Itself352IX.Kant's Opinion of the Arguments proving the Substantiality of the Soul355X.Kant's Opinion of the Argument which he calls Paralogism of Personality366XI.Simplicity of the Soul377XII.Kant's Opinion of the Argument proving the Simplicity of the Soul381XIII.In what manner the Idea of Substance may be applied to God394XIV.An important Remark, and Summary397XV.Pantheism examined in the Order of Ideas399XVI.Pantheism examined in the Order of External Facts403XVII.Pantheism examined in the Order of Internal Facts406XVIII.Fichte's Pantheistic System409XIX.Relations of Fichte's System to the Doctrines of Kant424XX.Contradiction of Pantheism to the Primary Facts of the Human Mind429XXI.Rapid glances at the Principal Arguments of Pantheists434BOOK TENTH.NECESSITY AND CAUSALITY.I.Necessity439II.The Unconditioned442III.Immutability of Necessary and Unconditioned Being445IV.Ideas of Cause and Effect448V.Origin of the Notion of Causality451VI.Formula and Demonstration of the Principle of Causality454VII.The Principle of Precedency457VIII.Causality in Itself.—Insufficiency and Error of some Explanations467IX.Necessary and sufficient Conditions of true Absolute Causality474X.Secondary Causality476XI.Fundamental Explanation of the Origin of the Obscurity of Ideas in what relates to Causality479XII.Causality of Pure Force of the Will483XIII.Activity486XIV.Possibility of the Activity of Bodies493XV.Conjectures as to the Existence of Corporeal Activity496XVI.Internal Causality500XVII.Remarks on Spontaneity508XVIII.Final Causality;—Morality513XIX.Various Explanations of Morality520XX.Fundamental Explanation of the Moral Order527XXI.A Glance at the Work543