GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.ARTICLE FIRST.FORMS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF ORGANIC LIFE.PAGECurved direction of the fibres.—They do not arise from the fibrous system.—Varieties of the muscular forms, according to the organs.4ARTICLE SECOND.ORGANIZATION OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF ORGANIC LIFE.General difference of organization from the preceding muscles.5I.Peculiar Texture.General arrangement of the muscular fibre.—Analogy with the preceding and difference.6II.Common Parts.Cellular Texture.—Blood vessels.—Nerves of the ganglions and of the brain.—Proportion of each class.8ARTICLE THIRD.PROPERTIES OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF ORGANIC LIFE.I.Properties of Texture.Extensibility.—Particular character of this property in the organic muscles.—In aneurisms of the heart and in pregnancy, it is not the extensibility that is brought into action.—Remarks upon this subject.10Contractility.—It is in proportion to extensibility.—The substances contained in the hollow muscles are their antagonists.—Remarks.14II.Vital Properties.Sensibility.—Of the lassitude of the organic muscles.—Remarks upon hunger.15Animal Contractility.—It is nothing in these muscles.—Different, experiments.—Observations.—Of the muscles in part voluntary and in part organic.—Experiments.—Remarks upon the bladder, rectum, &c.—Absence of the nervous influence upon the organic muscles.17Organic Properties.—General Remarks.24Of sensible organic contractility considered under the relation of the stimuli.25Natural stimuli.—Different observations.—Remarks upon the fluids and solids.—Influence of the quality and quantity of the fluids upon the hollow muscles.ib.Artificial stimuli.—Action of these stimuli.—Different modes of action.—Limits of the horny hardening and vital contraction.28Of sensible organic contractility, considered in relation to the organs.31First variety. Diversity of the muscular texture.—Each muscle is particularly in relation with some determinate substance.—Application of this principle to the natural and foreign fluids.ib.Second variety. Age.—Vivacity of the contractility in infancy.—Consequences.—Opposite phenomenon in old age.33Third Variety. Temperament.—Difference of individuals in regard to organic muscular force.—This force is not always in relation to the animal muscular force.—It cannot be increased like it by habit.34Fourth Variety. Sex.35Fifth Variety. Season and climate.36Sensible organic contractility considered in relation to the action of stimulants upon the organs.—The constant existence of an intermediate organ for this action.—Nature of this intermediate organ.ib.Sensible organic contractility considered in relation to its duration after death.—Difference of this duration according to the kind of death.—Remarks.38Sympathies.—Sympathies of the heart.—Sympathies of the stomach.—Remarks upon bilious vomitings.—General observations.—Sympathies of the intestines, the bladder, &c.40Character of the vital properties.—Vital energy very considerable in this system.—Its affections act upon its predominant vital force.—The infrequency of the affections which suppose a derangement of the organic properties.44ARTICLE FOURTH.PHENOMENA OF THE ACTION OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF ORGANIC LIFE.I.Force of Contractions.Difference from the force of contraction of the preceding system.—It is greater in the vital phenomena than in experiments.—Inaccuracy of calculations.46II.Quickness of the Contractions.In experiments.—During life.—Comparison with the quickness of the preceding muscles.49III.Duration of the Contractions.50IV.State of the Muscles in Contraction.Difference in this respect between the heart and the gastric muscles.ib.V.Motions imparted by the Organic Muscles.51VI.Phenomena of the Relaxation of the Organic Muscles.Differences of this relaxation from the active dilatation of the muscles.—Proofs of the phenomena of this dilatation.52ARTICLE FIFTH.DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF ORGANIC LIFE.I.State of this System in the Fœtus.Predominance of the heart.—State of the other muscles.—Weakness of the organic contractility at this age.55II.State of the Organic Muscular System during Growth.General increase of action at birth.—Of the growth in thickness and of that in length.—Their differences.58III.State of the Organic Muscular System after Growth.61IV.State of the Organic Muscular System in Old Age.This system outlives, if we may so say, the preceding.—Phenomenon resulting from its weakness.62MUCOUS SYSTEM.ARTICLE FIRST.OF THE DIVISIONS AND FORMS OF THE MUCOUS SYSTEM.I.Of the two general Mucous Membranes, the Gastro-pulmonary and the Genito-urinary.Difference of these two membranes.—Their relation.66II.Adhering Surface of the Mucous Membranes.Its relations.—It is everywhere subjacent to the muscles.—Sub-mucous texture.—Experiments.69III.Free surface of the Mucous Membranes.Of the folds it exhibits.—1st. Of those which comprehendall the membranes.—2d. Of those which are permanent upon the mucous surface.—3d. Of those which are owing to a state of vacuity of the hollow organs.—Different experiments.—The extent of the mucous surfaces is always nearly the same, whatever may be the state of their organs.—Relation of their free surface with external bodies.—Their sensibility is accommodated to this relation.—The termforeign bodyis merely comparative.70ARTICLE SECOND.ORGANIZATION OF THE MUCOUS SYSTEM.I.Texture peculiar to this Organization.What it presents for consideration.Mucous Corion.—Its variable thickness.—Mucous nature of the membrane of the ear.—Pathological consequences.—Softness of the mucous texture.—Action of the air, water, caloric, the acids and the digestive juices upon the mucous texture.76Mucous papillæ.—Their varieties of form.—Their nervous nature.—Proofs of this nervous nature.—Their influence upon the sensibility of the mucous organs.83II.Common Parts.Of the mucous glands and the fluids which they secrete.—Situation.—Forms.—Size.—Texture.86Mucous fluids.—Physical properties.—Action of different agents upon them.—Their functions.—Parts in which they are most abundant and those in which they are less so.—Susceptibility of being increased by any irritation made upon their excretories.—Consequences.—Remarks upon the excitement of the mucous surfaces in diseases.—Uses of the mucous membranes in relation to the habitual evacuation of their fluids.—General remarks upon the secreted fluids.—Singular sensation arising from the continuance of the mucous fluids upon their respective surfaces.88Blood vessels.—Their varieties of proportion.—Their superficial position.—Consequence.—Redness of the mucous system.—It often loses it.—Experiments uponthe state of the mucous vessels in the fulness and vacuity of their hollow organs.—Other experiments upon the influence of the gases upon the colour of the mucous system.—Causes of its redness.—Colouring substance combined and free.96Exhalants.—Is there exhalation upon the mucous system?—Pulmonary exhalation.—A great part of the pulmonary perspiration arises from the solution of the mucous juices.—Other mucous exhalations.—Hemorrhages.105Absorbents.—Proofs of the mucous absorption.—Irregularity of this absorption.—Cause of this irregularity.107Nerves.—Those of the brain.—Those of the ganglions.—Their respective distribution upon this system.108ARTICLE THIRD.PROPERTIES OF THE MUCOUS SYSTEM.I.Properties of Texture.They are less than they at first seem to be.—They are however real.—Their variety.—The mucous ducts are not obliterated by the contractility of texture when they are empty.109II.Vital properties.Properties of animal life.—Acute sensibility of the mucous system.—Influence of habit upon this property.—Consequences of this remark.—Mucous sensibility in inflammations.111Properties of organic life.—Organic sensibility and insensible contractility are very evident here.—Why.—Consequences as it respects diseases.—Varieties of these properties.-Species of sensible organic contractility in the mucous texture.114Sympathies.—How we shall divide them.117Active Sympathies.—Example of these sympathies for each vital property.118Passive Sympathies.—The predominant ones are those of insensible organic contractility.—Why.120Character of the vital properties.—Vital activity of this system.—Its varieties.—Consequences as it regards diseases.—Remarks upon the stomachic sympathies.123ARTICLE FOURTH.DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUCOUS SYSTEM.I.State of the Mucous System in the First Age.It follows the state of the organs to which it belongs.—Delicacy of the papillæ.—The mucous redness is then deeper.—Sudden change at birth.—Why.—Phenomenon of puberty.125II.State of the Mucous System in the After Ages.Its phenomena in the adult.—Its phenomena in old age.129SEROUS SYSTEM.GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.ARTICLE FIRST.OF THE EXTENT, FORMS AND FLUIDS OF THE SEROUS SYSTEM.General arrangement of its membranes.—Of the serous surface considered in general.—Every serous membrane is a sac without an opening.131I.Free Surface of the Serous Membranes.It is smooth and polished.—This attribute is foreign to compression.—This surface insulates the organs to which the serous surfaces belong.—Its influence upon the motion of these organs.—Adhesions of the serous surfaces.—Their division.134II.Adhering Surface of the Serous System.Means of union.—The serous membranes often change relations with their organs.—This is owing to the laxity of the adhesions.—Adhesions more close.140III.Serous Fluids.Their quantity.—Varieties of this quantity.—Experiments.—Morbid varieties.—Nature of these fluids.142ARTICLE SECOND.ORGANIZATION OF THE SEROUS SYSTEM.The serous membranes have but one layer.—Its colour.—Its thickness.144I.Cellular nature of the Serous Texture.Proofs of this cellular nature.—Experiments by maceration, ebullition, desiccation, stewing and putrefaction.—Differences between the cellular and serous textures.145II.Parts common to the organization of the Serous System.Exhalants.—Various proofs of serous exhalation.149Absorbents.—Proofs of serous absorption.—Experiments.—Mode of origin of the absorbents.150Blood vessels.—The serous membranes have but very few of them.—Those which are subjacent do not belong to them.—Proofs.151III.Varieties of Organization of the Serous System.Different examples of these varieties.—Consequences in regard to diseases.—Remarks upon the pericardium.—Common characters.153ARTICLE THIRD.PROPERTIES OF THE SEROUS SYSTEM.I.Properties of Texture.Extensibility.—It is less than it at first seems to be.—Why.—Useof the folds of the serous membranes.—Of their displacement.—Pain from these displacements in inflammation.155Contractility.—Less than it appears to be.—It is however real.156II.Vital Properties.They enjoy but little animal sensibility.—Why.—Experiments.—The organic properties are very sensible.—Consequences.157Sympathies.—Various examples.—Remarks upon sympathetic exhalations.—Remark upon the serum of dead bodies.158ARTICLE FOURTH.DEVELOPMENT OF THE SEROUS SYSTEM.I.State of this System in the First Age.Extreme tenuity of the surfaces.—Quantity of the fluids.—Quality.—Changes at birth.—Experiments.161II.State of the Serous System in the After Ages.The serous surfaces obey the laws of their respective organs.—Increased density in old age.—Ossification rare.162III.Preternatural Development of the Serous System.Various observations.164SYNOVIAL SYSTEM.Points of resemblance between this system and the preceding.—Its division.165ARTICLE FIRST.ARTICULAR SYNOVIAL SYSTEM.I.How the Synovia is separated from the mass of blood.There are three ways in which fluids may be separated from the blood.Is the Synovia transmitted by secretion to the articular surfaces?—Negative proofs.—Of the pretended synovial glands.—Experiments.Is the Synovia transmitted by transudation to the articular surfaces?—Negative proofs.—Another opinion.Is the Synovia transmitted by exhalation to the articular surfaces?—Positive proofs.—Analogy between the exhaled fluids and the synovia.—Consequences.167II.Remarks upon the Synovia.Its quantity.—It varies a little.—Rare alterations of this fluid.—Its difference from the serous fluids.173III.Of the Synovial Membranes.Forms.—They represent sacs without an opening.—Difference from the fibrous capsules.—These capsules are wanting in the greatest number of articulations.—Experiments.—Proofs of the synovial membrane where it adheres.175Organization.—Analogy with the serous surfaces.—Structure of the pretended synovial glands.180Properties.—Properties of texture.—Vital properties.—Experiments.—The synovial system is foreign to most diseases.182Functions.—They are foreign to the solidity of the articulation.—They have relation only to the synovia.183Natural Development.—State of the synovial membrane in infancy, adult and old age.184Preternatural Development.—Remarks upon this development.185ARTICLE SECOND.SYNOVIAL SYSTEM OF THE TENDONS.It is often confounded with the preceding.186Forms; relations; synovial fluid.—Forms of sacs withoutan opening.—Varieties of these forms.—Smooth and adhering surface.—Relation with the tendon.—Preternatural increase of the fluid.186Organization, properties, development.—Their phenomena are analogous to those of the preceding system.—Remarks upon the affections of this kind of synovial membranes.189GLANDULAR SYSTEM.General observations.—What a gland is.193ARTICLE FIRST.SITUATION, FORMS, DIVISION, &c. OF THE GLANDULAR SYSTEM.Sub-cutaneous and deep position.—Relation of the position of the glands with their excretion.—Varieties of the glandular forms.—Distinction of these varieties.—External surface of the glands.194ARTICLE SECOND.ORGANIZATION OF THE GLANDULAR SYSTEM.I.Texture peculiar to the Organization of this System.The fibrous arrangement is foreign to the glands.—There is but little resistance in the glandular texture.—Triple arrangement of this texture.—Uncertainty of the researches upon its nature.—Different experiments upon this texture.—Desiccation.—Peculiar effect of stewing.—Roasting.—Maceration.—Action of the acids, gastric juice, &c.198Of the excretories, their origin, divisions, &c. of the glandularreservoirs.—Origin.—Course.—Division of the glands into three classes, in regard to the termination of their excretories.—Of the reservoirs.—What supplies their place when they are wanting.—Motion of the fluids in the excretories.204Size, direction and termination of the excretories.—All the excretories open upon the mucous or cutaneous systems.—Observations upon the intestinal canal.206Remarks upon the secreted fluids.—They can re-enter the circulation.—Various experiments on this subject.—Consequences.208Structure of the excretories.—Internal membrane.—External texture.213II.Parts common to the Organization of the Glandular System.Cellular Texture.—Division of the glands into two classes, in regard to this texture.—Serum and fat of this texture.—Fatty livers.214Blood vessels.—Different ways in which they enter the glands, according as they are or are not surrounded with membranes.—Course of the arteries in the glands.—Veins.—They pour their blood into the general black blood.—Reflux from the heart to the glands.216Of the blood of the glands.—Division of the glands into three classes, as it regards the fluid which penetrates them.—Great quantity of blood contained in the liver and the kidney.—Variety as it respects secretion.219Nerves.—Of those of the ganglions and of the cerebral ones.—Their proportion.—How they enter the glands.—Secretion is independent of nervous influence.221Exhalants and absorbents.223ARTICLE THIRD.PROPERTIES OF THE GLANDULAR SYSTEM.I.Properties of Texture.They are inconsiderable.—Proofs.—New remarks upon the reflux of the black blood in the glands.224II.Vital Properties.Properties of animal life.—Experiments upon animal sensibility.—Varieties of the results.226Properties of organic life.—The insensible contractility and the corresponding sensibility are the predominant ones.—Their influence upon secretion.—Varieties of the secreted fluids.—Organic affections of the glands.—Remarks.227Sympathies.230Passive sympathies.—Various examples.—Sympathies the causes of which act at the extremity of the excretories.—Influence of the passive sympathies of the glands in diseases.—Remark upon that of each gland.Active Sympathies.—Various remarks.Characters of the vital properties.235First character.—Life peculiar to each gland.—Proofs of this peculiar life.—Of its influence in a state of health and disease.Second character.—Remission of the glandular life.—The glands have a species of sleep.—Various examples.238Third character.—The glandular life is never simultaneously raised in the whole system.—Application of this remark to the digestive order.—Advantage of the artificial excitement of the glands in diseases.239Fourth character.—Influence of climate and season upon the glandular life.—The sweat and many secreted fluids are opposite to each other in this respect.241Fifth character.—Influence of sex upon the glandular life.242ARTICLE FOURTH.DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLANDULAR SYSTEM.I.State of this System in the Fœtus.The glands are very conspicuous at this age.—Yet the secretions are not great.243II.State of this System during Growth.Suddenly increased activity at birth.—Yet it is not the glandular system which predominates in the first age.—Remarks upon its diseases.—The mucous and lachrymal glands are the most frequently in action in infancy.244III.State of this System after Growth.Period of puberty.—Its influence upon the glands.—Influence of the glands of digestion at the adult age.247IV.State of this System in old Age.Of the change in the texture of the glands from the effect of age.—Many glands still secrete much fluid in old age.—Relation of this phenomenon with nutrition.249DERMOID SYSTEM.GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.ARTICLE FIRST.FORMS OF THE DERMOID SYSTEM.I.External Surface of the Dermoid System.Various folds of this surface.—Their different nature.254II.Internal Surface of the Dermoid System.Its relations.—Absence of the fleshy pannicle in man.—Consequences.256ARTICLE SECOND.ORGANIZATION OF THE DERMOID SYSTEM.I.Texture peculiar to the Organization.Chorion.—Its thickness in the different regions.—Its structure.—Method of seeing it.—Variety of this structure according to the regions.—Small spaces of the chorion.—Fibres.—Theirnature.—It approximates that of the fibrous texture.—Yet it differs from it.—The chorion is foreign to the functions of the skin relative to animal and organic life.258Of the reticular body.—Idea that has been formed of it.—What it is.—Vascular net-work.—Colouring substance.—Analogy among the diversity of races.—How this diversity should be considered.—Of the cases in which the blood enters the reticular body.—Singular property of the vessels of the face of receiving more than the others.—Cause of this phenomenon.—Triple means of expression of the passions.—Relation between the tendency of the facial capillary system to receive blood and diseases.—Double state of the reticular body.—Phenomena at the instant of death.—Experiments.266Papillæ.—Situations.—The cutaneous prominences must not be taken for them.—Experiments to prove the nature of these prominences.—Their varieties.—Forms and nervous structure of the papillæ.273Action of different bodies upon the dermoid texture.276Action of light.—Men whiten like plants.—Examples.ib.Action of caloric.—Effects which it produces on the skin during life according to its different degrees.—Effect of cold.—General remarks upon gangrene and antiseptics.—False opinions of authors.277Action of the air.—Remarks upon the influence of this fluid upon the evaporation of the transpiration.—It is foreign to this function itself.—Desiccation of the skin by the air.—Its putrefaction.282Action of water.—General uses of baths.—Their use is natural.—Maceration of the skin.—Pulpy state.—Stewing of the skin.—Mode of horny hardening.—Vesicles that arise the instant it takes place.—Other phenomena of stewing.285Action of the acids, alkalies, and other substances.—Various experiments with reagents.—Remarks.290II.Parts common to the Organization of the Dermoid System.Cellular texture.—Manner in which it is distributed.—Remarks upon biles.—Sometimes it is wholly destroyed.—Appearance which the skin then has.—Remarks upon leucophlegmasia.291Blood vessels.—Manner in which they are distributed.—Dilatation of the veins in some cases.293Nerves.—Mode of their distribution.294Absorbents.—Proofs of cutaneous absorption.—Absorption of virus.—Table of this absorption.—Varieties it experiences.—Absorption of medicines.—Experiments.—Character of irregularity of the cutaneous absorptions.—To what this character is owing.—Influence of weakness on this absorption.294Exhalants.—Mode of distribution.—Cutaneous exhalations.—Uncertainty of calculations upon this point.—Relation of this exhalation with the secretions.—Relation with the pulmonary exhalation.—Experiment upon this last exhalation.—Remarks upon the causes of many coughs.—Defect of evaporation of the fluid deposited upon the bronchia.—The cutaneous exhalants vary.—Are they under the nervous influence?—This does not appear probable.299Sebaceous Glands.—Oily fluid of the skin.—Its quantity.—Its varieties.—Its sources.—We have but few data as it regards the sebaceous glands.305ARTICLE THIRD.PROPERTIES OF THE DERMOID SYSTEM.I.Properties of Texture.They are very evident.—They are often less than they seem to be.—Phenomena of extensibility and contractility.308II.Vital Properties.Properties of animal life.—Sensibility.—Of the feeling.—Of the touch.—Its characters.—Its differences from the other senses.—Seat of cutaneous sensibility.—The mode.—Pain peculiar to the skin.—Influence of habit upon this sensibility.—Various reflections.—Diminution of the cutaneous sensibility.311Properties of organic life.—They are especially organic sensibility and insensible contractility.—Phenomena over which they preside.—Division of cutaneous diseases.—Excitants of the cutaneous organic sensibility.—Sensible organic contractility is but slightly apparent.318Sympathies.—Passive Sympathies.—Different examples andremarks upon the sympathies of heat.—General remarks upon the sensations of heat and cold.—Influence of sympathies upon the sweat.322Active Sympathies.—These sympathies are relative to each of the classes of diseases pointed out above.—Various examples.—General remarks.326Characters of the vital properties.—First character.—The cutaneous life varies in each region.—Varieties of animal sensibility.—Varieties in the organic properties.331Second character.—Intermission in one relation, continuity in another.—The peculiar life of the skin is intermittent as it respects the functions of relation.—Its continuity as it respects its organic functions.332Third character.—Influence of sex.333Fourth character.—Influence of temperament.334ARTICLE FOURTH.DEVELOPMENT OF THE DERMOID SYSTEM.I.State of this System in the Fœtus.A gluey covering in the first periods.—Absence of certain wrinkles in the fœtus.—Laxity of adhesion.—State of the vital properties of the skin of the fœtus.—Its functions at this age.335II.State of this System during Growth.Sudden revolution at birth.—Entrance of the red blood into the skin.—Consequences.—State of the cutaneous vital forces in infancy.—State of the cutaneous texture.337III.State of the Dermoid System after Growth.Increasing proportion of the fibrous substance, and decreasing proportion of the gelatinous.—Remark upon the diseases and affections of the skin.341IV.State of the Dermoid System in Old Age.State of the cutaneous texture.—Phenomena which arise from it.—State of the vital forces.—State of the functions.344EPIDERMOID SYSTEM.General Observations.—Division.349ARTICLE FIRST.OF THE EXTERNAL EPIDERMIS.I.Forms, Relations with the Dermis, &c.Wrinkles.—Pores.—Adhesion to the skin.—Means of destroying this adhesion.—Arrangement.350II.Organization, Composition, &c.Uniform thickness in most parts.—Remarkable thickness on the foot and the hand.—Consequences of this thickness.—Experiments upon the colour of negroes.—Epidermoid texture.—Its peculiar nature.—Action of the air, water, caloric, the acids, the alkalies, &c. upon the epidermoid texture.353III.Properties.Extensibility.—The animal properties are foreign to the epidermis.—It appears to be destitute also of organic properties.—Continual destruction of the epidermis.—Its reproduction when it is removed.360IV.Development.State of the epidermis in the fœtus, the adult and the old person.364ARTICLE SECOND.INTERNAL EPIDERMIS. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS UPON THIS EPIDERMIS.I.Epidermis of the origin of the Mucous Surfaces.It is very distinct.—Proofs of its existence.—Its reproduction.—Its nature.366II.Epidermis of the deep Surfaces.Uncertainty of its existence.—Experiments.—Membranes that are sometimes thrown off.—It appears that it is not the epidermis.367ARTICLE THIRD.OF THE NAILS.I.Form, Extent, Relations, &c.Of the habit of cutting the nails.—Anterior, middle and posterior portions of the nail.—Superior and inferior surfaces.—Of the texture which supports the nail.369II.Organization, Properties, &c.Of the laminæ which form the nails.—Of their arrangement.—Their analogy with the epidermis.—Obscurity of the vital properties.—Facility with which the nails, epidermis, &c. are coloured.373Development.—State of the nails in the fœtus, the adult, and the old person.376PILOUS SYSTEM.GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.ARTICLE FIRST.EXAMINATION OF THE PILOUS SYSTEM IN THE DIFFERENT REGIONS.I.Pilous System of the Head.General observations.379Of the Hair.—Its length, situation, limits, influence onphysiognomy, variety according to sex, uses, thickness, fundamental colours, shades, and influence on temperament.381Eyebrows.—Their general arrangement.—Their motions.386Eyelashes.—Their form, arrangement, &c.387Beard.—It is the attribute of the male.—Its relations with strength.—Of our habits in relation to the beard.388II.Of the Pilous System of the Trunk.Its varieties according to the regions.390III.Pilous System of the Extremities.Its varieties.—It is wanting on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.ib.ARTICLE SECOND.ORGANIZATION OF THE PILOUS SYSTEM.I.Origin of the Hairs.Of the membranous canal which encloses this origin.—Relation of the hair with this canal.—Organization of this.—Swelling of the hair and its origin.—Its course to the exterior.391II.External Covering of the Hairs.Analogy of this covering with the epidermis.—Its differences.—Action of the different agents upon this covering.—Its external arrangement.394III.Internal Substance of the Hairs.We are ignorant of its nature.—Capillaries of the hairs of the head.—Their colouring substance.—The internal substance of the hairs of the head is essentially subjected to the influence of the vital phenomena.—Proof of this assertion.—This distinguishes it from the external covering.396ARTICLE THIRD.PROPERTIES OF THE PILOUS SYSTEM.It undergoes but little horny hardening.—Of curling.—The properties of texture slightly marked.—The animal ones are nothing.—The organic are a little more evident.401ARTICLE FOURTH.DEVELOPMENT OF THE PILOUS SYSTEM.I.State of this System in the First Age.Of the down of the fœtus.—The growth of the hairs is then the reverse of that of the other parts.—Their growth after birth.—Their colours are a little deeper in infancy.403II.State of the Pilous System in the following Ages.Revolution at puberty.—Of the hairs which then appear.—There are but few changes in the following ages.404III.State of the Pilous System in Old Age.Of the hairs which die first.—Of the whiteness which they then assume.—They grow in this state.—Why.—Do they grow after death.—General differences of animate and inanimate bodies in their decay.405IV.Preternatural Development.Development upon the mucous surfaces, upon the skin and in cysts.408
END OF THE THIRD AND LAST VOLUME.