Absorption, of heat by lampblack,143-144.of gases by charcoal,57.of light waves,135-138.Accommodation of the eye,123.Acetanilid,259.Acetylene, as illuminant,152-153.manufacture of,152-153.properties of,220.Acid, boric,253.carbolic,152,251,252.hydrochloric,55,80,227,238,241.lactic,230.oxalic,247,248.salicylic,253.sulphuric,55,80,240,241,307.sulphurous,242.Acids, action on litmus,220.Adenoids,51.Adulterants, detection of,16.Air, characteristics of,81-83,86,189.compressibility of,91.expansion of,10-11.humidity,38,39.pumps,201-205.transmits sound,269.weight of,86.SeeAtmosphere.Alcohol,234.in patent medicines,260.Alizarin,248.Alkali,222.Alternating current,351.Alum,247.in baking powder,230.Ammeter,341,343.Ammonia,152.a base,221-222.in bath,226.in manufacture of ice,98.neutralizing chlorine,240.Ampere,342.Anemia,259.Angle, of incidence,110.of reflection,110.of refraction,114.Aniline,152,245.Animal charcoal,58.Animal transportation,132.Antichlor,240.Antipyrin,259.Armature,319,320.dynamo,350.motor,335.Artificial lighting,148-153.Atmosphere,81.carbon dioxide in,54-55.height of,81.nitrogen and oxygen in,262.pressure of,82-86.water vapor in,36-38.weight,86.SeeAir.Atmospheric pressure,82-86.Atomizer,92.Atoms,102.Automobiles, gas engines,185.Axis of a lens,119.Bacteria,133.as nitrogen makers,263.destroyed by sunlight, etc.,133,250,251.diseases caused by,133.in butter and cheese,133.Baking powder,229-230.Baking soda,227-229.Barograph,87.Barometer, aneroid,84-85.mercury,84.use in weather predictions,86-87.Bases, action on litmus,221-222.properties,220-222.Battery, electric,311.Beans, as food,66.roots take in nitrogen,263.Bell, electric,319-321.Benzine,150.as a cleaning agent,227.Benzoate of soda,253.Bicarbonate of soda, in fire extinguisher,55,56.in Rochelle salt,227.in soda mints,231.in seidlitz powder,231.Bicycle pumps,202.Blasting, by electricity,314.Bleaching,237-243.by chlorine,238-240.Bleaching powder,239-240.Body, human,63-64.a conductor of electricity,292.Boiling,31.amount of heat absorbed,31-32.of milk,32.of water,77.point,15.Bomb calorimeter,61.Borax, as meat preservative,253.as washing powder,226.Boric acid, as meat preservative,253.Boyle's law,95-96.Bread,232-233.unleavened,233.Bread making,232-235.Breathing, hygienic habits of,50.by mouth,50-51.Burns, treatment of,52-53.Butter, adulteration test,16.bacteria in,133.Buttermilk,230.Caisson,203-204.Calcium carbide,152-153.in making nitrogenous fertilizer,264.Calico printing,249.Calorie,27-28,61-62.Calorimeter,61.Camera,128-129.films,129.lens,129.plates,129.Camping, water supply,195-197.Candle,148-149.as standard for light-measure,104-105.Candle-power,105-107.Carbide, calcium,152-153,264.Carbohydrates,64-65,149.Carbolic acid,152.as disinfectant,251.Carbon,56,66.in voltaic cells,308.Carbon dioxide,53.as fire extinguisher,55-56.commercial use,55-56.in baking soda,228.in fermentation,234.in health,54.in plants,55.preparation of,55.source of,53.test for,228.Catarrh,259.Caustic lime,222..Caustic potash,222.Caustic soda,218,222.to make a salt,227.Caves and caverns,71.Cell, dry,310.gravity,309-310.voltaic,306-308,310.Cells of human body,63,64,66.Centigrade thermometer,15.Central heating plant,19.Chalk, in making carbon dioxide,55.Charcoal as a filter,57.commercially,57.preparation,57-58.Chemical action, and electricity,307,315-317.and light,126,127.Chemistry, in daily life,218,219.Chills,38.Chloride of lime, in bleaching,240.disinfectant,251.Chlorine, and hydrogen,239.effect upon human body,239.in bleaching,238-240.influence of light upon,126.presence in salt,227.Circuit, electric,321.local, in telegraph,325-326.City water supply,206-212.Clarinet,297.Cleaning of material,226,243.Climate, influenced by presence of water,29,40.Clover, nitrogen producers,263.Coal,30.Coal gas,150,151.by-products,152.Coal oil,149,150.Coal tar dyes,152,218,245.Cogwheels,170.Coil, current-bearing,320.magnetic field about,331-333.Coke,152.Cold storage,97.Color,134-141.and heat,142,143.influenced by light,137.of opaque bodies,136,137.of transparent bodies,135,136.Color blindness,140,141.designs in cloth,248,249.Colors, compound,138,139.essential,139-140.primary,135.simple,138.spectrum,134-135.variety in dyeing,247,248.Combustion, heat of,45.spontaneous,52.Commutator,335.Compass,328.Compound colors,138,139.Compound machine,171.Compound substances,103.Compression of air,91,92.cause of heat,96.Compression pumps,201,205.Concave lens,118.Condensation,33.heat set free,40.Conduction of heat,25.Conductivity metals,321.Conductors, electric,321,322.Conservation, of energy,58,59.of matter,58,59.Convection,24,25.Convex lens,118.Cooling, by evaporation,35-36.by expansion,97.Copper, in electric cell,307.Core, iron,319.Corn, bleached with sulphurous acid,242.Cotton, mercerized,218.bleaching,241.dyeing,245-247.Cough sirup,258.Crane, compound machine,172.Cream of tartar,229.Creosote oil,254.Crude petroleum,149,150.Current, electric,306,312.alternating,349.induced,346-347.measurement of,340.resistance,312,343,345.strength,339,340,344.Dams,214-216.Decay,49.Decomposition of soil by water,70-74.Degrees Fahrenheit and Centigrade,15.Density,11.Designs in cloth, printed,248,249.woven,249.Developer in photography,128.Dew,36,37.Dew point,38.Diarrhea,251.Diet,62,66.economy on table,66-69.Discord, reason for,271.Disease, and surface water,76.relation of light to,131-132.Disease disinfectants,250,251,252.Distillation,34-35.in commerce,35.of petroleum,149-150.of soft coal,150.of water,34,35,77.Diving suits,204.Door bells,319-321.Drainage, of land,194,195.sewage,196,198,199,201.Drilled well,199.Drinking water,75-77.in camping,195-196.and rural supplies,198,201.Driven well,196-197.Drought,217.Drugs,255,260.Dry cell,312.Dyeing,244-249.color designs,248.Dyeing, direct,245.home,247.indirect,247.variety of color,247.Dyes,218,244,245.Dynamo,346.alternating current,349.source of energy,346-347.Ear, in man,301-303.care of,303.Earth, conductor of electricity,326.Echo,277.Economy in buying food,66-69.Effort, muscular,155,160.Electric, battery,311.bell,319-321.bread toasters,314.conductors and non-conductors,321-322.cost of, energy,352.current,306,312.flatiron,313.heating pad,314.lights,314.street cars,337.Electricity, heat,312-315,339.as a magnet,319,331-333.practical uses of,312-317.Electrodes, of cell,308.Electrolytic metals,317.Electromagnets,319.Electromotive force,308.unit of,344.Electroplating,315.Electrotyping,317.Elements,102-103.Emulsion,224.Energy, conservation of,58,59.transformations of,58,59.Engine, steam,183-185.gas,185-186.horse power,173.Erosion,73-74.Essential colors,139-140.Evaporation,35-39.cooling effect,35-36.effect of temperature on,35,36.effect of air on,38.freezing by,98.heat absorbed,36.of perspiration,38.Expansion, of air,10,11.cooling effect of,97.disadvantage and advantage of,11-13.of liquids,9-11.of solids,10,11.of water,9,10,11,12.Eye,122-125.headache,124,125.how focused,122,123.nearsighted and farsighted,123.strain,125.Fahrenheit thermometer,15.Fats,65.in soap making,223.Fermentation,232-236.by yeast,234-236.Ferric compounds,248.Fertilizers,262-265.nitrogen,262.phosphorus,263,264.potash,263-265.Field magnet,336.Filings, iron,329.Film, photographic,129.Filter, charcoal,57.Filtering water,77.Fire,9.and oxygen,45,47.and tinder box,47.making of,51.primitive production of,47.produced by friction,47.spontaneous combustion,52.sores and burns,52-53.extinguisher,55,56.Fireless cooker,25,26.Fireplaces,17,18.Fixing, in photography,128.Flame, hydrogen,80.Flood, Johnstown,214,215.relation to forests,217.Flour, self-raising,231.Flume,177.Flute,297.Focal length,118.Focus, of lens,118.Fog,37.Food,60-69.carbohydrates,64,65.economy in buying,66-69.fats,65.fuel value of,60-62.need of,63,64.preservatives,252.proteids,66.value,67.waste,60.water in,75.Foot pound,172.Force and motion,156,157.and work,156,157.magnetic lines of,329-331,334.muscular,155,160.Force pumps,192,193.Forests and water supply,216-217.Forging of iron,40,41.Formaldehyde,253.Freezing, effect of salt,44.effect on ground and rocks,42.expansion of water on,41.ice cream freezer,44.Frequency in music,273,275.Fresh air,22-24,49.amount consumed by gas burner,22.and health,49,50.in underground work,202.in work under water,203-205.Friction,173,174.losses by,174,210.source of heat and fire,47.Frost,36,37.Fruit, canned, bleached with sulphurous acid,242.colored with coal tar dyes,253.Fuel value of foods,60-62.table of fuel values,67.Fulcrum,159,160.Fumigation,251.Fundamental tone,290,291,292.Furnace, hot air,19.Fuse,340.Fusion, heat of,40.Galvanometer,341.Gas, acetylene,152,153.and unburned carbon,151.coal,151,152.effect of heat on volume,96,97.effect of pressure on volume,95-96.engine,185-186.for cooking,151,152.illuminating,92,93,150,151.liquefaction,97,98.meter,93,94.natural,152.Gasolene,149,150.as cleaning agent,227,243.in gas engine,185,186.Gauge, pressure,92-94.Gelatin, plate and film,129.Glass, kinds of,119.molding of,40.non-conductor,321.Grape juice, fermented with millet,233.Gravity cell,309,310.Grease, and lye,221.and soap making,223.Gulf Stream,24.Hard water, and soap,225.Harp,295.Headache,124,125.powders,259.Health, effect of diet,62,64.Heat,9.absorbed in boiling,31-32.and disease germs,250.and food,252.and friction,47.and light,142,147.and oxidation,45,48,49.and wave motion,145-147.conduction,25.convection,24,25.from burning hydrogen,80.from electricity,312-315,339.needed to melt substances,39.of fusion,40.of vaporization,32.produced by compression,96.relation of water to weather,29,40.set free by freezing water,40.sources of,29-30.specific,28-29.temperature,27.unit of,27,28.Heating effect of electric current,312-315.Heating of buildings: central heating plant,19.fireplaces,17-18.Heating, furnaces,19.hot water,19-22.Helix,318.Horse power,173,351.Hot water heating,19-22.Hues, primary,135.Humidity,38.proper percentage for health and comfort,38,39.Humus,216,217.Hydrocarbons,149.Hydrochloric acid, composition,227.in bleaching,241.to make a salt,227.to make carbon dioxide,55.to make chlorine,238.to make hydrogen,80.Hydrogen,65,66.and chlorine,239.and water,79.chemical conduct,126-127.flame,80.in voltaic cell,307.peroxide,53,252.preparation,80.to liquefy,97.Ice, lighter than water,42.manufacture of,98,99.Ice cream freezers,44.Illuminating gas, manufacture of,150,151.measurement of quantity consumed,93,94.test of pressure,92,93.Illumination, intensity of,105,106.Image, in mirror,108,111.Incandescent lighting,107,314.Incidence, angle of,110.Inclined plane,162-166.screw,166.wedge,166.Indigo,218.Induced current,346-347.Ink spots, removal of,243.Insoluble substances,71.Insulators, electric,324.Intensity, of light,105-107.of sound,270-271.Interval, in musical scale,283.Iron, forging,41.filings,329.galvanizing,49.oxidation of,48.Irrigation,193-194.Isobaric lines,88,91.Isothermal lines,89,91.Johnstown flood,214,215.Kerosene,149,150.Kilowatt,351.Lactic acid,230.Leaves,132,262.Lens,117-121.concave,118.converging,118.crystalline, of eye,122.focal length,118.material,119.refractive power,119.Lever,158-162.examples,160-162.fulcrum,159,160.Life, and carbon dioxide,54.and nitrogen,261.and oxygen,49,54.Lifting pumps,189-192.Light, absorption,135-138.and heat,142-147.a wave motion,145-147.bent rays,113,114.chemical action,126-127.disease,131-132.essential to life,131,132.fading illumination,105,106.influence on color,134.reflection of,109-112.refraction of,113-125.travels in a straight line,108.white, composed of colors,134.Lighting, artificial,148-153.Lime, chloride of,240,251.Limewater,220.and carbon dioxide,228.Linen, bleaching,241.dyeing,245-247.Lines, of force,329-331,334.isobaric,88,91.isothermal,89,91.Liquefaction of gases,97,98.Liquid air,98.Liquid soap,223,224.Litmus, action of acids,220.action of bases,221,222.action of neutral substance,222.Logwood dyes,245,247,248.Los Angeles aqueduct,211.Lye,221,222.Machines, compound,171.inclined plane,162-166.lever,158-162.pulley,166-169.wheel and axle,169-171.Madder, for dyes,245.Magnet,328.electro-,319.field of,329-331.lines of force about,329-331.poles of,330-332.properties of electricity,318.Magnetic, needle,328.poles,329-331.Magnifying power, of a lens,115.of a microscope,115.of a telescope,115.Mammoth Cave of Kentucky,71.Manganese dioxide,46.chlorine made from,238.oxygen made from,46.Marble, for carbon dioxide,55.Matches,47.safety,47-48.Matching colors,137.Matter, conservation of,58,59.Meat,66.preservation of,253.Mechanical devices,154,155.Melting,39,40.Melting point,40.Melting substances without a definite melting point,40.Mercerized cotton,218.Mercury, barometer,84.thermometer,14-17.Metals, electroplating,317.preservation by paint,253-254.veins deposited by precipitation,72,73.welding,315.Meter, gas,93,94.Microörganisms,132,133.Microscope,115.Milk, boiling point,32.Pasteurized,250.Minerals, in foods,62,63.in water,70,71.Mirrors,108-112.distance of image behind mirror,111.distance of object in front of mirror,111.image a duplicate of object.111.Molding of glass,40.Molecule,100-103.Mordants,247,248,249.Morphine,257.Morse, telegraphic code,324.Motion, in sound,266,278,280.in work,156.Motor, electric,336.principle of,333.street car,337.Mouth breathing,50.cause of,51.Movable pulley,167,168.Music,278.Musical instruments, percussion,299.stringed,284-295.wind,295,299.Musical scale,282.Naphtha in gas engines,185.Naphthalene,152.Narcotics,255.Natural gas,152.Needle, magnetic,328.Negative, electrode,308.photographic,130.Neutral substance,222.and litmus,222.Neutralization,222.Niagara Falls,176.Nitrogen,66.and bacteria,263.and plant life,261.in atmosphere,261.in fertilizer,262-265.in food,66.preparation of,261.properties of,261.Noise in music,280.Non-conductors, of electricity,321-322.of heat,25.Nutcracker, as a lever,162.Oboe,297.Octave,284.Odors,101.Ohm, unit of resistance,345.Oil, gasoline,149,150.kerosene,149,150.lubricating,174.olive,16.Orchestra grouping,299.Ore,72.Organ pipes,297.Overtones,290-293.Oxalic acid,247,248.Oxidation,45-59.and decay,49.heat the result of,49-52.in human body,49,53.of iron,48.Oxygen,66.and bleaching,239.and combustion,45.and food,66.and plants,55.and the human body,50.and water,79,80.in the atmosphere,45.preparation of,46.Paint, as wood and metal preservatives,253,254.removal of stains,243.Paper making,219.Paraffin,150,321.Pasteurized milk,250.Patent medicines,257-260.Peas, sources of nitrogen,263.Pelton wheel,177.Percussion instruments,299.Period of a body,273.Peroxide of hydrogen,53,252Petrolatum,150.Petroleum,149,150.Phonograph,303-305.Phosphorus, in fertilizer,263,264.in making nitrogen,261.in matches,47,48.poisoning by,47.Photography,127-131.Photometer,107.Pianos,284-292.Pin wheel,181.Pitch of sound,280,281.cause of,282.in wind instruments,296-299.Plane, inclined,162-166.Plants, and atmosphere,55.and light,131-132.and nitrogen,261.Plate developing, photographic,128.Pneumatic dispatch tube,205.Poles, magnetic,330-332.of cell,308.Positive electrode,308.Potash, in fertilizer,263-265.Potassium chlorate and oxygen,46.permanganate,100.tartrate and Rochelle salt,227.Power, candle,105-107.electric,351.horse,173,351.sources of,174,175,185.transmission by belts,171.water,176-180.Precipitation,72,73.Preservatives, food,252.wood and metal,253-254.Pressure, atmospheric,82-86.calculation of atmospheric,83,84.calculation of gas,92,93.calculation of water,94.gauge,92-94.of illuminating gas,93.relation of pressure of gas to volume,95,96.water pressure,208-211,214-216.within the body,86.Primary colors,135.Print, photographic,131.Printing, color designs in cloth,248,249.electrotype,317.Prisms,135.refraction through,117.Proteids,66.Pulleys,166-169.applications of,169.Pump,187-205.air,201-205.force,192,193.lifting,189-192.Pupil of the eye,122.Pure food laws, bleaching,242.preservatives,252.Purification of water,77,196.Push button,321.Radiator,19-21.Railroads, grading of,165-166.Rain,36,37.Rainbow,134.Rain water,225.Reflection, angle of,110.of light,109-112.of sound,278,279.Refraction, angle of,114.by atmosphere,114.of light,113.uses of,115-116.Relay, telegraph,325.Reservoir,214.artificial,211.construction of,214-216.natural,211.Resistance, electrical,312.internal, of cell,343.unit of,345.Resonance,276.River, volume and value of,180.Roads, application of inclined plane to,165-166.Rochelle salt,227,231.Rocks, effect of freezing water on,42-43.water as a solvent,71.Rosin, obtained by distillation,35.Safety matches,47-48.Salicylic acid,253.Salt,227-228.Salts,227.general properties,227.in ocean,227.smelling,222.Saturation of air,37.Scale, musical,282.Screw, and inclined plane,166.Seaweed,265.Seidlitz powder,231.Self-raising flour,231.Sewage, disposition of,198-199.of camps,196.source of revenue,201.Sewer gas,57.Silk, bleaching,241.dyeing,245-247.Silver chloride,127-131.Simple colors,138.Simple substances,103.Siren,280.Smelling salts,222.Snow,36-37.Soap,222-224.and hard water,225.liquid,223-224.preparation,223.Soda, baking,227,228-229.benzoate,253.caustic,218,222,223,227.washing,225,226,229.Soda mints,231.Sodium, bicarbonate,56,227,228,230-231.carbonate,228.chloride,228.Soil, deposited by streams,73.Solenoid,318.Solution,70.Soothing sirup,258.Sound, and motion,266,278.musical,278.nature of,266.reflection,277.speed of,271-272.transmission of,267-271.velocity of,271-272.waves,272-274.Sounder, telegraph,324.Sounding board,277.Sour milk in cooking,230.Specific heat,28-29.Spectrum,134-135.Speed, of sound,271,272.Spontaneous combustion,52.Stains, removal of,226,243.Standpipes,212.Starch,65.Steam, and work,183-184.engine,183-185.heat of vaporization,32.heating by,33.turbine,183-184.Steel, forging and annealing,16.Stoves,18-19.Streams, carriers of mud,73.volume of,179-180.Street cars, electric,337.Stringed instruments,284-295.Strings, vibrating,286-290.Sugar,16,65.fermented by yeast,234.Sulphur,66.as disinfectant,251.in making sulphurous acid,242.Sulphuric acid, in bleaching,240,241.in fire extinguisher,55.in making of hydrogen,80.in voltaic cell,307.Sulphurous acid, in bleaching,242.preparation,242.Sun, energy derived from,143-144.source of heat,29-30.Sunlight,135.and bacteria,133.and chemical action,126-127.Sympathetic vibrations,274-277.Tallow,105,148.Tartar, cream of,229.Telegraph,322.long distance,327.relay,325.sounder,324.Telephone,350-351.Temperature,13-14.as measurement of heat present,27.in detecting adulterants,17.in forging steel,16.in making sirups,16.measurement of,14-15.Thermometer,14-17.Centigrade,15.Fahrenheit,15.Tinder box,47.Transmission, of light,145-147.of sound,267-271.Tuning fork,266,273,278,290.Turbine, steam,183.water,178.Turpentine, and grease,226.by distillation,35.Unleavened bread,233.Vacuum, sound in,268.Vapor, in atmosphere,36-38.Vaporization, heat of,32.Varnish, on candies,253.Vegetable matter, and coal,30.and gas,30.and oil,30.Veins, formation in rock,72-73.Velocity, of sound,271-272.Ventilation,21-24,54.need of,38.Vibration, of strings,286-290.sympathetic,274-277.Viola,295.Violin,295.Violoncello,295.Vocal cords,300.Voice,300.Volt,344.Voltage,345.Voltaic cell,306-308,310.Voltmeter,344.Volume, of a stream,179-180.relation of pressure of a gas,95-96.Washing powders,224-226.soda,229.Water, action in nature,70-74.amount used daily per person,181.and hydrogen,79.and oxygen,79,80.as solvent,70-71.boiling,77.boiling point,15.composition,79-80.condensation,33.dams and reservoirs,214-216.density,11.distilled,34,77.drinking,75-77,195-201.electrolysis,79-80.evaporation,33-34.expansion,9-10,41-42.filtration,77.freezing,40-41.hard,225.heat of fusion,40.impurities,76-77.in atmosphere,36-38.in food,75.in human body,75.in vegetables,75.influence on climate,29,40.irrigation,193-194.minerals in,70-71.ocean,265.power,176-180.precipitates,72,73.pressure,208-211,214-216.purification,77.rain,225.running, value of,178-180.source of,78.steam,32.waves,145-147.weight,208-209,215.wells,195-201.wheels,176-180.work under,203-205.Water supply, and forests,216-217.cost,212-214.of city,206-212,217.Watt,351.Waves, heat,145-147.light,145-147.sound,268,272-274.water,145-147.Weather, bureau,87-91.forecasts,38-39,86-88.relation of water to,29,40.Weather maps,89-91.Wedge, and inclined plane,166.Weight, of air,86.of water,208-209,215.Welding, by electricity,315.Wells,195-201.drilled,199.driven,196-197.Wheel and axle,169-171.cogwheels,170.windlass,169.Wheelbarrow as lever,160-161.White light, nature of,135.Wind instruments,297-301.Windlass,169.Windmill,174-175,180-182.Winds,24.Wine,232,234.Wood, as source of charcoal,58.ashes in soap making,223.in paper making,219.preservation,253-254.Wool, bleaching,241.dyeing,245-247.Work,156-186.and steam,183-184.and water,176-180.conservation,174-175.formula,157.machines,157-175.unit of,172-173.waste,173.Woven designs in cloth,249.Yeast,234-236.wild,235-236.Zinc, in galvanizing iron,49.in making hydrogen,80.in voltaic cell,307-308.