The Project Gutenberg eBook ofGeographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of Wyoming

The Project Gutenberg eBook ofGeographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of WyomingThis ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.Title: Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of WyomingAuthor: John A. WhiteRelease date: April 11, 2010 [eBook #31951]Most recently updated: January 6, 2021Language: EnglishCredits: Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND TAXONOMY OF THE CHIPMUNKS OF WYOMING ***

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.

Title: Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of WyomingAuthor: John A. WhiteRelease date: April 11, 2010 [eBook #31951]Most recently updated: January 6, 2021Language: EnglishCredits: Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net

Title: Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of Wyoming

Author: John A. White

Release date: April 11, 2010 [eBook #31951]Most recently updated: January 6, 2021

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the OnlineDistributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND TAXONOMY OF THE CHIPMUNKS OF WYOMING ***

University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History

Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard,and Robert W. Wilson

Volume 5, No. 34, pp. 583-610, 3 figures in text

December 1, 1953

University of KansasLawrence, Kansas

PRINTED BYFERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTERTOPEKA, KANSAS1953

Purpose

The purpose of the following account is to: (1) Show what kinds of chipmunks occur in Wyoming; (2) point out the interrelationships between these kinds; and (3) account, where possible, for the present distribution of these animals in Wyoming.

Methods, Materials, and Acknowledgments

Capitalized color terms in the following accounts are of Ridgway, "Color Standards and Color Nomenclature," Washington, D.C., 1912.The measurements of the skull that were used in this study were made as shown in White (1953:566, fig. 1). These are: Greatest length of skull, zygomatic breadth, cranial breadth, length of nasals, length of lower tooth-row, condylo-alveolar length of mandible, and inner mandibular length.Of the external measurements, only the total length and the length of the tail are recorded in table 1. Some field collectors measured the ear from the notch and others from the crown; most collectors measured the length of the hindfoot to the nearest millimeter rather than in tenths of a millimeter as would have been desirable. Consequently, I decided against using the length of the ear and hindfoot in this report.When the word "significantly" is used in comparisons, it is meant to show that there is a significant statistical difference between two or more samples. Whenever eight or more specimens from one locality were available, the mean, range, standard deviation, standard error of the mean, and coefficient of variability were calculated.Only adult specimens were used in comparison. "Aging" of specimens is discussed on page 587 of this paper.The geographic range of each species and subspecies is not described in writing, for, the localities are plotted on maps along with the geographic range of each subspecies, and under "specimens examined" the locality of each specimen or series of specimens is listed.In the synonymy of each subspecies there appears, first the first usage of a name, second the first usage of the name combination now employed, and third, pure synonyms.A total of 757 specimens of chipmunks are listed as examined in the course of preparing this report. Additional specimens were less carefully examined in the Biological Surveys Collection in Washington, D.C. Specimens used in my study, unless otherwise specified, are in the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. The symbols representing the collections containing specimens studied are as follows:BS—United States Biological Surveys Collection.FC—Collection of James S. Findley.MM—Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.NM—United States National Museum.KU—Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas.I am grateful to Professor E. Raymond Hall for guidance in my study and thank Doctors Robert W. Wilson, E. Lendell Cockrum, Keith R. Kelson, A. Byron Leonard, Rollin H. Baker, and others at the Museum of Natural History and Department of Zoology, University of Kansas, for encouragement and advice. My wife, Alice M. White, made the illustrations and helped me in many ways.For permission to borrow and to study specimens, I thank Dr. W. H. Burt of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Miss Viola S. Schantz of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Mr. Colin C. Sanborn of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and Mr. James S. Findley.Assistance with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas University Endowment Association, the National Science Foundation and the United States Navy, Office of Naval Research, through contract No. NR161 791.

Capitalized color terms in the following accounts are of Ridgway, "Color Standards and Color Nomenclature," Washington, D.C., 1912.

The measurements of the skull that were used in this study were made as shown in White (1953:566, fig. 1). These are: Greatest length of skull, zygomatic breadth, cranial breadth, length of nasals, length of lower tooth-row, condylo-alveolar length of mandible, and inner mandibular length.

Of the external measurements, only the total length and the length of the tail are recorded in table 1. Some field collectors measured the ear from the notch and others from the crown; most collectors measured the length of the hindfoot to the nearest millimeter rather than in tenths of a millimeter as would have been desirable. Consequently, I decided against using the length of the ear and hindfoot in this report.

When the word "significantly" is used in comparisons, it is meant to show that there is a significant statistical difference between two or more samples. Whenever eight or more specimens from one locality were available, the mean, range, standard deviation, standard error of the mean, and coefficient of variability were calculated.

Only adult specimens were used in comparison. "Aging" of specimens is discussed on page 587 of this paper.

The geographic range of each species and subspecies is not described in writing, for, the localities are plotted on maps along with the geographic range of each subspecies, and under "specimens examined" the locality of each specimen or series of specimens is listed.

In the synonymy of each subspecies there appears, first the first usage of a name, second the first usage of the name combination now employed, and third, pure synonyms.

A total of 757 specimens of chipmunks are listed as examined in the course of preparing this report. Additional specimens were less carefully examined in the Biological Surveys Collection in Washington, D.C. Specimens used in my study, unless otherwise specified, are in the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. The symbols representing the collections containing specimens studied are as follows:

BS—United States Biological Surveys Collection.FC—Collection of James S. Findley.MM—Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.NM—United States National Museum.KU—Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas.

I am grateful to Professor E. Raymond Hall for guidance in my study and thank Doctors Robert W. Wilson, E. Lendell Cockrum, Keith R. Kelson, A. Byron Leonard, Rollin H. Baker, and others at the Museum of Natural History and Department of Zoology, University of Kansas, for encouragement and advice. My wife, Alice M. White, made the illustrations and helped me in many ways.

For permission to borrow and to study specimens, I thank Dr. W. H. Burt of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Miss Viola S. Schantz of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Mr. Colin C. Sanborn of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and Mr. James S. Findley.

Assistance with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas University Endowment Association, the National Science Foundation and the United States Navy, Office of Naval Research, through contract No. NR161 791.

Variation

Secondary sexual variation in chipmunks is small; the females are slightly larger than the males. This difference in size is so slight that it can be ignored when making taxonomic comparisons, for, large samples of males and females of like age and from the same locality were compared and were found statistically not to be significantly different. This is in agreement with Johnson (1943:70) and Hall (1946:329).

Variations of taxonomic worth are treated in the accounts of species and subspecies.

Individual variation is slight, for, the analyses of measurements of the skulls of series of specimens of like age, reveal markedly low coefficients of variability resembling those published by Larrison (1949).

The age-categories here recognized are based primarily on the structure of the skull.

Juveniles.—Nasals proportionally shorter and more pointed anteriorly than in other categories; zygomatic arches more appressed to cranium; suture separating basisphenoid and presphenoid noticeably "open"; deciduous P4 and p4 show no wear through enamel; M3 and m3 not yet erupted; peglike deciduous P3 strongly leaning posteriorly; molars show no wear through enamel; parietals paperlike or thin; skull convex dorsally; 1 to 1½ months of age.

Young.—Nasals of adult proportions; zygomatic arches still noticeably appressed anteriorly to cranium; suture between basisphenoid and presphenoid still "open"; nasals rounded, no longer so pointed as in juveniles; deciduous P4 and p4 show wear through enamel layer, and in some specimens, permanent P4 and p4 can be seen beneath; roots of deciduous P4 and p4 clearly show erosion beneath; M3 and m3 fully erupted; peglike deciduous P3 still present; parietals noticeably thicker and less paperlike; skull flattened (not so convex dorsally), but not so flattened as in adults; 1½ to 4 months of age.

In both juveniles and young the P4 and p4 are deciduous and differ in occlusal pattern from the permanent P4 and p4. In the deciduous P4 the anterior cingulum is projected strongly anteriorly forming the apex of the sharpest angle of a triangle, whereas the permanent P4 is trapezoidal in occlusal pattern. In the deciduous p4 the protoconid and metaconid are close together giving this tooth a triangular appearance in occlusal pattern, whereas this pattern in permanent p4 is trapezoidal (see Hall 1926:390).

Subadults.—Adult configuration of skull reached; suture between basisphenoid and presphenoid completely closed; nasals rounded anteriorly; permanent P4 and p4 show no wear through enamel layer; wear through enamel layer of molars noticeable, especially through protocones; peglike permanent P3 slanting only slightly posteriorly; skull only slightly convex dorsally; parietals solid and resistant to pressure; lambdoidal crest weakly developed; 4 to 10 months of age.

Adults.—Lambdoidal crest well developed; supraorbital ridges pronounced; P4 and p4 show wear through enamel layer and frequently as worn as molars; noticeable wear on lophs and lophids of molars; occlusal pattern always visible; ten months to 2 years of age.

Old adults.—Ridges and crests extremely well developed; occlusal pattern of molariform teeth obliterated or nearly so; P3 noticeably worn; 2 to 4 years or older.

The hypohyal and ceratohyal bones of the hyoid apparatus are distinct from one another in juveniles and young, but are fused in subadults, adults, and old adults.

Lack of suitable material prevented me from studying chipmunks younger than juveniles. The patterns of growth of these younger chipmunks probably closely follow the changes described by Hall (1926) forCitellus beecheyi.

The tip of the baculum in juveniles and young is proportionally longer, in relation to the shaft, than in subadults, adults, and old adults.

Juvenal (juveniles and young) pelage in chipmunks is characterized by silkiness and sparseness, especially on the venter. The coloration of this juvenal pelage resembles that of adults in winter pelage which is duller than adult summer pelage. Adult pelage (subadults, adults, and old adults) is not so silky as juvenal pelage, but there are more hairs, especially on the venter. The color pattern is the same in both juvenal and adult pelages.

Chipmunks are born naked and blind and in about two weeks the "body is covered with silken hair clearly demonstrating the color pattern so characteristic of chipmunks...." (Shaw 1944:282). This "silken hair" is replaced by adult summer pelage, and juvenal chipmunks which are molting into adult summer pelage closely resemble the adult males, and later on in the summer, the adult females. Adult females molt later, as a rule, than adult males probably because of lactation. Summer molt begins, on chipmunks in Wyoming and South Dakota, in the latter part of June and is completed by the latter part of August or the first part of September.

Summer molt begins, topographically, in the region of the head and progresses posteriorly to the base of the tail, for, the tail does not molt into summer pelage. The winter molt starts at the same time at the tip of the tail and at the base of the tail, and from each place proceeds anteriorly. The sequence described above is the rule; exceptionally, there are some specimens which molted in patches. In most skins, molts are easily detected because distinct molt-lines were formed. The above description of molting is based on study of a large series of specimens ofEutamias minimus silvaticustaken in several seasons of the year.

The summer pelage is bright, more especially on the sides. In late summer the pelage on the tail is markedly worn, and the hairs around its outer margin are broken. In texture, the summer pelage is not so soft as winter pelage, and this is probably owing to the presence of large amounts of "kinky" underfur in the winter pelage.

The winter pelage is soft, dull in color, and gives the specimen a grayish or an umbrous appearance. The guard hairs are longer than in the summer pelage.

Key to the Species of the Chipmunks of Wyoming

Accounts of Species and Subspecies

Eutamias minimus(Bachman)

Diagnosis.—Size small; tip of baculum of adults less than 28 per cent of length of shaft; outermost dorsal dark stripes distinct; skull small to medium; when skull medium, zygomatic breadth not proportionally narrower.Comparisons.—FromEutamias amoenus luteiventris, the only subspecies of that species in Wyoming,E. minimusdiffers in: Size smaller; tip of baculum in adults less than 28 per cent of length of shaft; zygomatic arches proportionally wider; underparts white or with less yellow or tawny.FromE. umbrinus,E. minimusdiffers in: Size smaller; general tone of upper parts lighter; base of baculum not widened but almost as narrow as least diameter of shaft.

Comparisons.—FromEutamias amoenus luteiventris, the only subspecies of that species in Wyoming,E. minimusdiffers in: Size smaller; tip of baculum in adults less than 28 per cent of length of shaft; zygomatic arches proportionally wider; underparts white or with less yellow or tawny.

FromE. umbrinus,E. minimusdiffers in: Size smaller; general tone of upper parts lighter; base of baculum not widened but almost as narrow as least diameter of shaft.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.Known occurrence and probable geographic distribution of the subspecies ofEutamias minimusin Wyoming. The symbols for locality records are as follows: Circles, specimens reported but not examined; solid circles, precise localities of specimens examined; solid triangles, localities of specimens examined, known only to county.1.E. m. minimus4.E. m. confinis2.E. m. consobrinus5.E. m. silvaticus3.E. m. pallidus6.E. m. operariusFromE. dorsalis utahensis, the only subspecies of this species in Wyoming,E. minimusdiffers in: Dorsal dark stripes distinct and usually blackish; skull smaller; tip of baculum of adults less than 28 per cent of length of shaft.

FromE. dorsalis utahensis, the only subspecies of this species in Wyoming,E. minimusdiffers in: Dorsal dark stripes distinct and usually blackish; skull smaller; tip of baculum of adults less than 28 per cent of length of shaft.

Remarks.—This is the smallest of the species of chipmunks in Wyoming, and in the state can be readily distinguished from the other species by the smaller size and by the characteristic proportions of the baculum.

E. minimusoccurs in all the Life-zones of Wyoming, and inhabits open country, such as in the great expanses where sagebrush (Artemesiasp.) is predominant, or inhabits the edges of forests, never occurring in the forest proper.

Analyses of measurements of the skull indicate that of the six subspecies ofE. minimusthat are found in Wyoming, two are small (E. m. minimusandE. m. consobrinus) and the other four are large (E. m. pallidus,E. m. confinis,E. m. silvaticus, andE. m. operarius). Within these size-groups the subspecies can be distinguished by differences in color pattern.

Eutamias minimus minimus(Bachman)

Tamias minimusBachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8(pt. 1):71, 1839.Eutamias minimus, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:42, December 27, 1901.Type.—Obtained on Green River, near mouth of Big Sandy Creek, Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Age, sex, collector, and date when obtained, not surely known.Diagnosis.—Size small; general tone of upper parts pale grayish brown; baculum small.Description.—Color pattern: Crown Pinkish Buff mixed with grayish white; facial stripes Snuff-Brown mixed with black; anterior margin of ear Drab washed with Cinnamon; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Light Pinkish Cinnamon; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of dark stripes Sayal Brown more or less mixed with Fuscous; pairs of light dorsal stripes grayish white and tinged with Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Clay Color, Blackish Brown mixed with Cinnamon-Buff around margins; antiplantar and antipalmar surfaces of feet Pale Pinkish Buff; underparts creamy white.SkullandBaculum: Small but proportionally the same as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.Comparisons.—FromE. m. consobrinus, the subspecies to the west and south,E. m. minimusdiffers in: Over-all tone of upper parts lighter; underside of tail lighter.FromE. m. pallidus, the subspecies to the north and northeast,E. m. minimusdiffers in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; slightly paler.FromE. m. confinis, the subspecies in the Big Horn Mountains,E. m. minimusdiffers in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler.FromE. m. operarius, the subspecies to the east and southeast,E. m. minimusdiffers in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler.

Tamias minimusBachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8(pt. 1):71, 1839.

Eutamias minimus, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:42, December 27, 1901.

Type.—Obtained on Green River, near mouth of Big Sandy Creek, Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Age, sex, collector, and date when obtained, not surely known.

Diagnosis.—Size small; general tone of upper parts pale grayish brown; baculum small.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Pinkish Buff mixed with grayish white; facial stripes Snuff-Brown mixed with black; anterior margin of ear Drab washed with Cinnamon; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Light Pinkish Cinnamon; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of dark stripes Sayal Brown more or less mixed with Fuscous; pairs of light dorsal stripes grayish white and tinged with Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Clay Color, Blackish Brown mixed with Cinnamon-Buff around margins; antiplantar and antipalmar surfaces of feet Pale Pinkish Buff; underparts creamy white.SkullandBaculum: Small but proportionally the same as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.

Comparisons.—FromE. m. consobrinus, the subspecies to the west and south,E. m. minimusdiffers in: Over-all tone of upper parts lighter; underside of tail lighter.

FromE. m. pallidus, the subspecies to the north and northeast,E. m. minimusdiffers in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; slightly paler.

FromE. m. confinis, the subspecies in the Big Horn Mountains,E. m. minimusdiffers in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler.

FromE. m. operarius, the subspecies to the east and southeast,E. m. minimusdiffers in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler.

Remarks.—E. m. minimusis the smallest of the chipmunks that occur in Wyoming. This pale little squirrel is found in the Red Desert in Sweetwater County, where the features distinctive of the subspecies are most strongly developed. Specimens from western Sweetwater County and northwestern Uinta County are intergrades betweenE. m. minimusandE. m. consobrinusand are referable toE. m. minimus.

Specimens examined.—Total number 167.Sublette Co.: 60 mi. SE Jackson [Teton County], 1 (MM); 2 mi. SE Big Sandy, 1.Fremont Co.: 40 mi. E Dubois, 1; 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, 4,650 ft., 2; 9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 2; 7 mi. N and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 3; 2½ mi. W Shoshoni, 4,800 ft., 1; Granite Mountains, 6; Mount Crooks, 8,600 ft., 6.Natrona Co.: 27 mi. N and 1 mi. E Powder River, 6,075 ft., 2; 15 mi. N and 1 mi. W Waltman, 1; 9 mi. S and 9 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 ft., 1; 16 mi. S and 11 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 ft., 2; Sun Ranch, 5 mi. W Independence Rock, 6,000 ft., 4; 9 mi. W and 1 mi. N Independence Rock, 1; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. S Independence Rock, 2.Uinta Co.: 15 mi. WSW Granger [Sweetwater County], 1; 10 mi. SW Granger [Sweetwater County], 10 (MM).Sweetwater Co.: Farson, 6,580 ft., 11; 5 mi. E Farson, 1; 27 mi. N Table Rock, 1 (MM); 27 mi. N and 37 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 ft., 1; 25 mi. N and 38 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 ft., 3; Junction of Big Sandy Creek and Green River, 6,400 ft., 7 (3MM); 17 mi. N and 6 mi. W Rock Springs, 7,000 ft., 1; Thayer Junction, 9 (MM); Table Rock, 1 (MM); Wamsutter, 1 (MM); Green River, 4 (MM); Bitter Creek, 2 (FC); 13 mi. S and 14 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,650 ft., 2; 18 mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,800 ft., 2; 22 mi. SSW Bitter Creek, 5; 26 mi. S and 21 mi. W Rock Springs, 3; Kinney Ranch, 6,800 ft., 21 mi. S Bitter Creek, 15; 30 mi. S Bitter Creek, 2; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. W Rock Springs, 1; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. E Rock Springs, 7,025 ft., 12; 33 mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,900 ft., 6; 3 mi. W Green River, and 2 mi. N Utah Boundary, 1; 1/2 mi. N Junction Henrys Fork and Utah Boundary, 2; 1 mi. N Linwood, Utah, 1 (MM).Carbon Co.: 18 mi. NNE Sinclair, 6,500 ft., 2; Rawlins, 1; 30 mi. E Rawlins, 6,750 ft., 2; Bridgers Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7,500 ft., 1.Additional records(Howell 1929:38):Lincoln Co.: Fontanelle; Opal.Sublette Co.: Big Piney; Green River at junction with New Fork; Muddy Creek, near Big Sandy Creek.Fremont Co.: Jackeys Creek, 3 mi. S Dubois; Wind River near mouth of Meadow Creek; Ft. Washakie; Green Mountains, 8 mi. E Rongis.Natrona Co.: Bitter Creek, near Powder River; Rattlesnake Mountains; Casper; Independence Rock.Sweetwater Co.: Eden, Steamboat Mountain; Superior; Maxon; Green River, 4 mi. N Linwood, Utah; Henrys Fork, at mouth of Burnt Fork.Carbon Co.: Canyon Creek, 12 mi. S Alcova; Ferris Mountains; Shirley; Shirley Mountains; 8½ mi. SE Lost Soldier [= Bairoil]; Ft. Steele; Sulphur Springs.Albany Co.: Spring Creek, 10 mi. W Marshall; Sheep Creek.County uncertain: Little Sandy River; Green River.

Specimens examined.—Total number 167.

Sublette Co.: 60 mi. SE Jackson [Teton County], 1 (MM); 2 mi. SE Big Sandy, 1.

Fremont Co.: 40 mi. E Dubois, 1; 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, 4,650 ft., 2; 9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 2; 7 mi. N and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 3; 2½ mi. W Shoshoni, 4,800 ft., 1; Granite Mountains, 6; Mount Crooks, 8,600 ft., 6.

Natrona Co.: 27 mi. N and 1 mi. E Powder River, 6,075 ft., 2; 15 mi. N and 1 mi. W Waltman, 1; 9 mi. S and 9 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 ft., 1; 16 mi. S and 11 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 ft., 2; Sun Ranch, 5 mi. W Independence Rock, 6,000 ft., 4; 9 mi. W and 1 mi. N Independence Rock, 1; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. S Independence Rock, 2.

Uinta Co.: 15 mi. WSW Granger [Sweetwater County], 1; 10 mi. SW Granger [Sweetwater County], 10 (MM).

Sweetwater Co.: Farson, 6,580 ft., 11; 5 mi. E Farson, 1; 27 mi. N Table Rock, 1 (MM); 27 mi. N and 37 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 ft., 1; 25 mi. N and 38 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 ft., 3; Junction of Big Sandy Creek and Green River, 6,400 ft., 7 (3MM); 17 mi. N and 6 mi. W Rock Springs, 7,000 ft., 1; Thayer Junction, 9 (MM); Table Rock, 1 (MM); Wamsutter, 1 (MM); Green River, 4 (MM); Bitter Creek, 2 (FC); 13 mi. S and 14 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,650 ft., 2; 18 mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,800 ft., 2; 22 mi. SSW Bitter Creek, 5; 26 mi. S and 21 mi. W Rock Springs, 3; Kinney Ranch, 6,800 ft., 21 mi. S Bitter Creek, 15; 30 mi. S Bitter Creek, 2; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. W Rock Springs, 1; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. E Rock Springs, 7,025 ft., 12; 33 mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,900 ft., 6; 3 mi. W Green River, and 2 mi. N Utah Boundary, 1; 1/2 mi. N Junction Henrys Fork and Utah Boundary, 2; 1 mi. N Linwood, Utah, 1 (MM).

Carbon Co.: 18 mi. NNE Sinclair, 6,500 ft., 2; Rawlins, 1; 30 mi. E Rawlins, 6,750 ft., 2; Bridgers Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7,500 ft., 1.

Additional records(Howell 1929:38):Lincoln Co.: Fontanelle; Opal.Sublette Co.: Big Piney; Green River at junction with New Fork; Muddy Creek, near Big Sandy Creek.Fremont Co.: Jackeys Creek, 3 mi. S Dubois; Wind River near mouth of Meadow Creek; Ft. Washakie; Green Mountains, 8 mi. E Rongis.Natrona Co.: Bitter Creek, near Powder River; Rattlesnake Mountains; Casper; Independence Rock.Sweetwater Co.: Eden, Steamboat Mountain; Superior; Maxon; Green River, 4 mi. N Linwood, Utah; Henrys Fork, at mouth of Burnt Fork.Carbon Co.: Canyon Creek, 12 mi. S Alcova; Ferris Mountains; Shirley; Shirley Mountains; 8½ mi. SE Lost Soldier [= Bairoil]; Ft. Steele; Sulphur Springs.Albany Co.: Spring Creek, 10 mi. W Marshall; Sheep Creek.County uncertain: Little Sandy River; Green River.

Eutamias minimus consobrinus(J. A. Allen)

Tamias minimus consobrinusJ. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 3:112, June, 1890.Eutamias minimus consobrinus, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 30:42, December 27, 1901.Eutamias lectusJ. A. Allen, Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Sci. Bull. 1:117, March 31, 1905 (not in Wyoming), type from Beaver Valley, Utah.Eutamias consobrinus clarusBailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31:31, May 16, 1918, type from Swan Lake Valley, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.Type.—Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186456 (NM); from near Barclay, Parley's Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Salt Lake County, Utah; obtained on October 31, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 361.Diagnosis.—Size small; over-all tone of upper parts grayish brown; baculum small, as inE. m. minimus.Description.—Color pattern: Crown Smoke Gray mixed with Ochraceous-Tawny; upper facial stripe Fuscous; other facial stripes Fuscous or Fuscous Black mixed with Tawny; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Light Ochraceous-Buff; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; other dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Ochraceous-Tawny; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish white with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; lateral pair of light dorsal stripes white; sides Ochraceous-Tawny or Light Sayal Brown; rump and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown, Fuscous Black along margin, and Cinnamon-Buff or Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Light Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff; underparts grayish white mixed slightly with Buff.SkullandBaculum: Small but proportionally the same as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.Comparisons.—FromE. m. pallidus, the subspecies to the east,E. m. consobrinusdiffers in: Color darker; size smaller; skull narrower and shorter; baculum shorter.FromE. m. confinis, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains,E. m. consobrinusdiffers in: Over-all tone of upper parts less grayish; underside of tail lighter; skull narrower and shorter; baculum shorter.For comparisons withE. m. minimussee the account of that subspecies.

Tamias minimus consobrinusJ. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 3:112, June, 1890.

Eutamias minimus consobrinus, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 30:42, December 27, 1901.

Eutamias lectusJ. A. Allen, Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Sci. Bull. 1:117, March 31, 1905 (not in Wyoming), type from Beaver Valley, Utah.

Eutamias consobrinus clarusBailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31:31, May 16, 1918, type from Swan Lake Valley, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.

Type.—Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186456 (NM); from near Barclay, Parley's Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Salt Lake County, Utah; obtained on October 31, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 361.

Diagnosis.—Size small; over-all tone of upper parts grayish brown; baculum small, as inE. m. minimus.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Smoke Gray mixed with Ochraceous-Tawny; upper facial stripe Fuscous; other facial stripes Fuscous or Fuscous Black mixed with Tawny; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Light Ochraceous-Buff; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; other dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Ochraceous-Tawny; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish white with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; lateral pair of light dorsal stripes white; sides Ochraceous-Tawny or Light Sayal Brown; rump and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown, Fuscous Black along margin, and Cinnamon-Buff or Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Light Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff; underparts grayish white mixed slightly with Buff.SkullandBaculum: Small but proportionally the same as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.

Comparisons.—FromE. m. pallidus, the subspecies to the east,E. m. consobrinusdiffers in: Color darker; size smaller; skull narrower and shorter; baculum shorter.

FromE. m. confinis, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains,E. m. consobrinusdiffers in: Over-all tone of upper parts less grayish; underside of tail lighter; skull narrower and shorter; baculum shorter.

For comparisons withE. m. minimussee the account of that subspecies.

Remarks.—Specimens of this subspecies from the area between the Uinta Mountains and the mountains of the Wyoming and Wind River ranges, are clearly intergrades betweenE. m. consobrinusandE. m. minimusand are here referred toE. m. consobrinus. These specimens are paler than typicalE. m. consobrinusand considerably darker thanE. m. minimus. These intergrades came from an area where the habitat is intermediate between that ofE. m. consobrinusandE. m. minimusbut more nearly like that ofE. m. consobrinus.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 135.Yellowstone Park: Fishing Bridge, 1 (MM).Park Co.: SW slope Whirlwind Peak, 9,000 ft., 1.Teton Co.: N end Blacktail Butte, 6,600 ft., 1 mi. E Moose, 1; Bar BC Ranch, 6,500 ft., 2½ mi. NE Moose, 2; 3¾ mi. E Moose, 6,300 ft., 3; 3¾ mi. E and 3/4 mi. S Moran, 6,210 ft., 2; 5 mi. S Moran, 1 (FC); 2 mi. S Elk Ranch, 2 (FC); 7 mi. S Moran, 1 (FC); 19 mi. E and 2 mi. S Moran, 1; Flat Creek Pass, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Crystal Creek Divide, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Granite Creek Divide, 5 (MM); Dry Hollow, Jackson, 1 (MM); Jackson, 4 (MM); Jenny Lake, 2 (MM); Sheep Creek, Jackson, 1 (MM).Lincoln Co.: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5,650 ft., 2; 13 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 ft., 2; 10 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 ft., 2; 6 mi. N and 2 mi. E Sage, 6,050 ft., 1; Kemmerer, 1; Cumberland, 14 mi. S and 1 mi. W Kemmerer, 6,550 ft., 6.Sublette Co.: 5 mi. E and 9 mi. N Pinedale, 9,200 ft., 12; 10 mi. NE Pinedale, 8,000 ft., 2; W end Half Moon Lake, 7,900 ft., 5; 3 mi. E and 5 mi. N Pinedale, 7,500 ft., 3; 2¼ mi. NE Pinedale, 7,500 ft, 3; 4 mi. W Pinedale, 7,200 ft., 2; 19 mi. W and 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7,700 ft., 1; 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., 2.Fremont Co.: Togwotee Pass, 3 (1 FC); Moccasin Lake, 10,100 ft., 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N Lander, 1; 16 mi. S and 5½ mi. W Lander, 8,650 ft., 1; 23½ mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8,600 ft., 1; 3 mi. E and 1/2 mi. N South Pass City, 7,900 ft., 7; Mosquito Park R.S., 9,500 ft., 17½ mi. W and 2½ mi. N Lander, 1; 4 mi. S and 8½ mi. W Lander, 9,200 ft., 1.Uinta Co.: 1/2 mi. S Cumberland [Lincoln County], 1; 2 mi. W Fort Bridger, 6,070 ft., 1; 8½ mi. W Fort Bridger, 6,700 ft., 17; 1/2 mi. S Mountain View, 6,900 ft., 2; 6 mi. S and 2½ mi. E Robertson, 8,200 ft., 3; 8 mi. S and 2½ mi. E Robertson, 8,300 ft., 1; 9 mi. S Robertson, 8,000 ft., 5; 9½ mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,600 ft., 2; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,700 ft., 4; 13 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 7; 2 mi. E and 12 mi. S Robertson, Ashley Nat. For., 9,000 ft., 1; 11½ mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1; 4½ mi. S and 4 mi. E Robertson, 8,025 ft., 1.Additional records(Howell 1929:48):Yellowstone Park: Bunsen Peak; Swan Lake Valley; Canyon; Lake Station; Firehole River; Summit Lake; Snow Pass.Park Co.: Beartooth Lake; Whirlwind Peak, near Pahaska Tepee; Valley; Needle Mountain.Teton Co.: Elk, Jackson Hole; Teton Pass.Lincoln Co.: Thayne; head of La Barge Creek; Smith Fork, 7,000 to 8,000 ft.Sublette Co.: 12 mi. N Kendall; Merna; Fremont Lake; Surveyor Park, 12 mi. NE Pinedale; Bronx; Little Sandy Creek; Stanley; Big Sandy.Fremont Co.: Lake Fork, Wind River Mountains; Fremont Peak; South Pass City.Uinta Co.: Bear River Divide, 14 mi. N Evanstone; Evanstone; Ft. Bridger; Spring Valley; Henry's Fork, 5 mi. W Lone Tree; Lone Tree; Sage Creek (exact locality unknown).

Specimens examined.—Total number, 135.

Yellowstone Park: Fishing Bridge, 1 (MM).

Park Co.: SW slope Whirlwind Peak, 9,000 ft., 1.

Teton Co.: N end Blacktail Butte, 6,600 ft., 1 mi. E Moose, 1; Bar BC Ranch, 6,500 ft., 2½ mi. NE Moose, 2; 3¾ mi. E Moose, 6,300 ft., 3; 3¾ mi. E and 3/4 mi. S Moran, 6,210 ft., 2; 5 mi. S Moran, 1 (FC); 2 mi. S Elk Ranch, 2 (FC); 7 mi. S Moran, 1 (FC); 19 mi. E and 2 mi. S Moran, 1; Flat Creek Pass, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Crystal Creek Divide, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Granite Creek Divide, 5 (MM); Dry Hollow, Jackson, 1 (MM); Jackson, 4 (MM); Jenny Lake, 2 (MM); Sheep Creek, Jackson, 1 (MM).

Lincoln Co.: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5,650 ft., 2; 13 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 ft., 2; 10 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 ft., 2; 6 mi. N and 2 mi. E Sage, 6,050 ft., 1; Kemmerer, 1; Cumberland, 14 mi. S and 1 mi. W Kemmerer, 6,550 ft., 6.

Sublette Co.: 5 mi. E and 9 mi. N Pinedale, 9,200 ft., 12; 10 mi. NE Pinedale, 8,000 ft., 2; W end Half Moon Lake, 7,900 ft., 5; 3 mi. E and 5 mi. N Pinedale, 7,500 ft., 3; 2¼ mi. NE Pinedale, 7,500 ft, 3; 4 mi. W Pinedale, 7,200 ft., 2; 19 mi. W and 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7,700 ft., 1; 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., 2.

Fremont Co.: Togwotee Pass, 3 (1 FC); Moccasin Lake, 10,100 ft., 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N Lander, 1; 16 mi. S and 5½ mi. W Lander, 8,650 ft., 1; 23½ mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8,600 ft., 1; 3 mi. E and 1/2 mi. N South Pass City, 7,900 ft., 7; Mosquito Park R.S., 9,500 ft., 17½ mi. W and 2½ mi. N Lander, 1; 4 mi. S and 8½ mi. W Lander, 9,200 ft., 1.

Uinta Co.: 1/2 mi. S Cumberland [Lincoln County], 1; 2 mi. W Fort Bridger, 6,070 ft., 1; 8½ mi. W Fort Bridger, 6,700 ft., 17; 1/2 mi. S Mountain View, 6,900 ft., 2; 6 mi. S and 2½ mi. E Robertson, 8,200 ft., 3; 8 mi. S and 2½ mi. E Robertson, 8,300 ft., 1; 9 mi. S Robertson, 8,000 ft., 5; 9½ mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,600 ft., 2; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,700 ft., 4; 13 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 7; 2 mi. E and 12 mi. S Robertson, Ashley Nat. For., 9,000 ft., 1; 11½ mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1; 4½ mi. S and 4 mi. E Robertson, 8,025 ft., 1.

Additional records(Howell 1929:48):Yellowstone Park: Bunsen Peak; Swan Lake Valley; Canyon; Lake Station; Firehole River; Summit Lake; Snow Pass.Park Co.: Beartooth Lake; Whirlwind Peak, near Pahaska Tepee; Valley; Needle Mountain.Teton Co.: Elk, Jackson Hole; Teton Pass.Lincoln Co.: Thayne; head of La Barge Creek; Smith Fork, 7,000 to 8,000 ft.Sublette Co.: 12 mi. N Kendall; Merna; Fremont Lake; Surveyor Park, 12 mi. NE Pinedale; Bronx; Little Sandy Creek; Stanley; Big Sandy.Fremont Co.: Lake Fork, Wind River Mountains; Fremont Peak; South Pass City.Uinta Co.: Bear River Divide, 14 mi. N Evanstone; Evanstone; Ft. Bridger; Spring Valley; Henry's Fork, 5 mi. W Lone Tree; Lone Tree; Sage Creek (exact locality unknown).

Eutamias minimus pallidus(J. A. Allen)

Tamias quadrivittatus b.var.pallidusJ. A. Allen, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 16:289, 1874.Eutamias minimus pallidus, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, 1922.Lectotype.—Skull and skin, No. 11656/38311 (NM); from Camp Thorne, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; obtained on July 18, 1873, by J. A. Allen; original No. 200.Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts pale grayish brown; baculum large.Description.—Color pattern: Crown Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Clay Color; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of pinna Pale Pinkish Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Clay Color along margins; other dorsal dark stripes Fuscous mixed with Clay Color; median pair of dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray; lateral pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Cinnamon-Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Pale Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Warm Buff; ventral surface of tail Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff, with Fuscous Black along margin and Warm Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Buff, Warm Buff or Pale Yellow-Orange; underparts white with dark underfur.SkullandBaculum: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.Comparisons.—FromE. m. silvaticus, the subspecies from the Black Hills,E. m. pallidusdiffers in: Paler; underside of tail paler; sides paler.FromE. m. confinis, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains,E. m. pallidusdiffers in: Over-all tone of upper parts paler; sides paler; underside of tail paler.FromE. m. operarius, the subspecies from the mountains in south-central Wyoming,E. m. pallidusdiffers in: Over-all tone of upper parts paler; sides paler; underside of tail paler.For comparisons withE. m. minimusandE. m. consobrinus, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Tamias quadrivittatus b.var.pallidusJ. A. Allen, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 16:289, 1874.

Eutamias minimus pallidus, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, 1922.

Lectotype.—Skull and skin, No. 11656/38311 (NM); from Camp Thorne, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; obtained on July 18, 1873, by J. A. Allen; original No. 200.

Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts pale grayish brown; baculum large.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Clay Color; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of pinna Pale Pinkish Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Clay Color along margins; other dorsal dark stripes Fuscous mixed with Clay Color; median pair of dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray; lateral pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Cinnamon-Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Pale Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Warm Buff; ventral surface of tail Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff, with Fuscous Black along margin and Warm Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Buff, Warm Buff or Pale Yellow-Orange; underparts white with dark underfur.SkullandBaculum: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.

Comparisons.—FromE. m. silvaticus, the subspecies from the Black Hills,E. m. pallidusdiffers in: Paler; underside of tail paler; sides paler.

FromE. m. confinis, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains,E. m. pallidusdiffers in: Over-all tone of upper parts paler; sides paler; underside of tail paler.

FromE. m. operarius, the subspecies from the mountains in south-central Wyoming,E. m. pallidusdiffers in: Over-all tone of upper parts paler; sides paler; underside of tail paler.

For comparisons withE. m. minimusandE. m. consobrinus, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—Specimens from near Buffalo, Johnson Co., are intergrades betweenE. m. pallidusandE. m. confinisand are referable toE. m. confinis. Specimens from near Sundance (not in Bear Lodge Mountains), Crook Co., are intergrades betweenE. m. pallidusandE. m. silvaticus(Howell 1929:55). Specimens from the Laramie Range in Converse Co. are intergrades betweenE. m. pallidusandE. m. operarius, and referable toE. m. operarius. Specimens from near Greybull, Big Horn Co., are intergrades betweenE. m. pallidusandE. m. minimusand are referable toE. m. pallidus. These specimens show no intergradation withE. m. confiniswhich occurs but a short distance to the east in the Big Horn Mountains. Intergradation betweenE. m. pallidusandE. m. minimusprobably exists in northeastern Natrona Co. and southwestern Johnson Co.

Comparisons of specimens ofE. m. pallidusandE. m. cacodemus, indicates that, in my opinion,E. m. cacodemusis entitled to subspecific recognition, for, the relationship betweenE. m. pallidustoE. m. cacodemusis the same as that betweenE. m. pallidusandE. m. confinis.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 58.Park Co.: 2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Meteetse, 5,750 ft., 3.Big Horn Co.: 6 mi. NW Greybull, 3,800 ft., 6; Greybull, 4 (BS); 7 mi. S Basin, 3,900 ft., 5.Sheridan Co.: 5 mi. NE Clearmont, 3,900 ft., 1.Campbell Co.: 5 mi. N and 8 mi. W Spotted Horse, 9; 6 mi. W and 4 mi. S Rockypoint, 4,200 ft., 1; 4 mi. S and 3 mi. W Rockypoint, 5; Middle Butte, 6,010 ft., 38 mi. S and 19 mi. W Gillette, 3; South Butte, 6,000 ft., 17½ mi. W and 40½ mi. S Gillette, 2; Ivy Creek, 8 mi. W and 5 mi. N Spotted Horse, 6.Crook Co.: Moorcroft, Belle Fourche Valley, 8 (BS).Washakie Co.: 15 mi. W Tensleep, in badlands, 1 (BS); 8 mi. S and 8 mi. W Worland, 1; 10 mi. S Tensleep, near No Wood Creek, 2 (BS).Goshen Co.: Rawhide Buttes, 12 mi. S and 1 mi. W Lusk, 1.Laramie Co.: unspecified, 1.Additional records(Howell 1929:44):Big Horn Co.: Otto; Hyattville.Sheridan Co.: Powder River at mouth of Clear Creek; Sheridan; Arvada.Weston Co.: Thornton; Upton; Pine Ridge; Newcastle.Hot Springs Co.: head of Bridger Creek; Willow Creek, 10 mi. SW Thermopolis.Washakie Co.: 10 mi. S Manderson; Otter Creek, Bighorn Basin.Johnson Co.: Powder River Basin, near Pumpkin Buttes.Natrona Co.: Merino.Converse Co.: Douglas.Platte Co.: Guernsey; 15 mi. SW Wheatland.Goshen Co.: Rawhide Butte.Localities for which counties are unknown: Owl Creek Mountains; North Platte River.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 58.

Park Co.: 2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Meteetse, 5,750 ft., 3.

Big Horn Co.: 6 mi. NW Greybull, 3,800 ft., 6; Greybull, 4 (BS); 7 mi. S Basin, 3,900 ft., 5.

Sheridan Co.: 5 mi. NE Clearmont, 3,900 ft., 1.

Campbell Co.: 5 mi. N and 8 mi. W Spotted Horse, 9; 6 mi. W and 4 mi. S Rockypoint, 4,200 ft., 1; 4 mi. S and 3 mi. W Rockypoint, 5; Middle Butte, 6,010 ft., 38 mi. S and 19 mi. W Gillette, 3; South Butte, 6,000 ft., 17½ mi. W and 40½ mi. S Gillette, 2; Ivy Creek, 8 mi. W and 5 mi. N Spotted Horse, 6.

Crook Co.: Moorcroft, Belle Fourche Valley, 8 (BS).

Washakie Co.: 15 mi. W Tensleep, in badlands, 1 (BS); 8 mi. S and 8 mi. W Worland, 1; 10 mi. S Tensleep, near No Wood Creek, 2 (BS).

Goshen Co.: Rawhide Buttes, 12 mi. S and 1 mi. W Lusk, 1.

Laramie Co.: unspecified, 1.

Additional records(Howell 1929:44):Big Horn Co.: Otto; Hyattville.Sheridan Co.: Powder River at mouth of Clear Creek; Sheridan; Arvada.Weston Co.: Thornton; Upton; Pine Ridge; Newcastle.Hot Springs Co.: head of Bridger Creek; Willow Creek, 10 mi. SW Thermopolis.Washakie Co.: 10 mi. S Manderson; Otter Creek, Bighorn Basin.Johnson Co.: Powder River Basin, near Pumpkin Buttes.Natrona Co.: Merino.Converse Co.: Douglas.Platte Co.: Guernsey; 15 mi. SW Wheatland.Goshen Co.: Rawhide Butte.Localities for which counties are unknown: Owl Creek Mountains; North Platte River.

Eutamias minimus confinisHowell

Eutamias minimus confinisHowell, Jour. Mamm. 6:52, February 15, 1925.Type.—Female, adult, skull and skin No. 168957 (NM); from head of Trapper Creek, west slope of Bighorn Mountains, Big Horn County, Wyoming; obtained on July 7, 1910, by Merrit Cary; original No. 1956.Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts grayish brown; baculum large, as inE. m. pallidus.Description.—Color pattern: Crown Clay Color mixed with Pale Smoke Gray; upper facial stripe Fuscous Black; other facial stripes Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Tawny; anterior margin of ear Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; posterior margin of ear Smoke Gray; postauricular patch buffy white or Smoke Gray; dorsal dark stripes black or Fuscous Black more or less mixed with Tawny or Tawny-Olive; dorsal light stripes creamy white, sometimes washed with Pale Smoke Gray; sides Raw Sienna or Cinnamon-Buff; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Tawny-Olive; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Clay Color, black along margin and Light Buff or Light Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes with grayish underfur.SkullandBaculum: Large but proportionally the same as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.Comparisons.—FromE. m. silvaticus, the subspecies from the Black Hills,E. m. confinisdiffers in: General tone of upper parts darker, more reddish and less grayish; ventral surface of tail more tawny; skull and baculum of same size and proportions.FromE. m. operarius, the subspecies from the Laramie Range and other mountains of south-central Wyoming,E. m. confinisdiffers in: Rump and thighs darker; sides darker; general tone of upper parts more grayish.For comparisons withE. m. minimus,E. m. consobrinus, andE. m. pallidus, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Eutamias minimus confinisHowell, Jour. Mamm. 6:52, February 15, 1925.

Type.—Female, adult, skull and skin No. 168957 (NM); from head of Trapper Creek, west slope of Bighorn Mountains, Big Horn County, Wyoming; obtained on July 7, 1910, by Merrit Cary; original No. 1956.

Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts grayish brown; baculum large, as inE. m. pallidus.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Clay Color mixed with Pale Smoke Gray; upper facial stripe Fuscous Black; other facial stripes Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Tawny; anterior margin of ear Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; posterior margin of ear Smoke Gray; postauricular patch buffy white or Smoke Gray; dorsal dark stripes black or Fuscous Black more or less mixed with Tawny or Tawny-Olive; dorsal light stripes creamy white, sometimes washed with Pale Smoke Gray; sides Raw Sienna or Cinnamon-Buff; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Tawny-Olive; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Clay Color, black along margin and Light Buff or Light Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes with grayish underfur.SkullandBaculum: Large but proportionally the same as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.

Comparisons.—FromE. m. silvaticus, the subspecies from the Black Hills,E. m. confinisdiffers in: General tone of upper parts darker, more reddish and less grayish; ventral surface of tail more tawny; skull and baculum of same size and proportions.

FromE. m. operarius, the subspecies from the Laramie Range and other mountains of south-central Wyoming,E. m. confinisdiffers in: Rump and thighs darker; sides darker; general tone of upper parts more grayish.

For comparisons withE. m. minimus,E. m. consobrinus, andE. m. pallidus, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—This subspecies is endemic to the Bighorn Mountains. Intergradation betweenE. m. confinisandE. m. minimusand betweenE. m. pallidusandE. m. confinishave already been discussed in the accounts of those subspecies.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 85.Big Horn Co.: 12 mi. E and 2 mi. S Shell, 7,900 ft., 2; 13 mi. E and 2 mi. N Shell, 8,500 ft., 2; 13 mi. E Shell, 8,300 ft., 1; 17 mi. E and 3 mi. S Shell, 9,000 ft., 8; 17½ mi. E and 4½ mi. S Shell, 8,500 ft, 11; 19 mi. E and 4½ mi. S Shell, 9,600 ft., 1; 9 mi. E and 9 mi. N Tensleep, 8,200 ft., 4.Sheridan Co.: Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9,000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell, 11; 38 mi. E Lovell, Big Horn Nat. For., 9,600 ft., 10; 5½ mi. W and 1½ mi. S Junction U.S. Highway 14 and Wyoming [State Highway] 14, 8,480 ft., 2.Washakie Co.: 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep, 7,000 ft., 26; 3 mi. SE Tensleep, 4,300 ft., 1.Johnson Co.: 5½ mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 4; 7½ mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 2.Additional records(Howell 1929:46):Sheridan Co.: 20 mi. from Sheridan.Washakie Co.: Head of Canyon Creek.Johnson Co.: Head of North Fork of Powder River.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 85.

Big Horn Co.: 12 mi. E and 2 mi. S Shell, 7,900 ft., 2; 13 mi. E and 2 mi. N Shell, 8,500 ft., 2; 13 mi. E Shell, 8,300 ft., 1; 17 mi. E and 3 mi. S Shell, 9,000 ft., 8; 17½ mi. E and 4½ mi. S Shell, 8,500 ft, 11; 19 mi. E and 4½ mi. S Shell, 9,600 ft., 1; 9 mi. E and 9 mi. N Tensleep, 8,200 ft., 4.

Sheridan Co.: Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9,000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell, 11; 38 mi. E Lovell, Big Horn Nat. For., 9,600 ft., 10; 5½ mi. W and 1½ mi. S Junction U.S. Highway 14 and Wyoming [State Highway] 14, 8,480 ft., 2.

Washakie Co.: 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep, 7,000 ft., 26; 3 mi. SE Tensleep, 4,300 ft., 1.

Johnson Co.: 5½ mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 4; 7½ mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 2.

Additional records(Howell 1929:46):Sheridan Co.: 20 mi. from Sheridan.Washakie Co.: Head of Canyon Creek.Johnson Co.: Head of North Fork of Powder River.

Eutamias minimus silvaticusWhite

Eutamias minimus silvaticusWhite, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 5 (19):259-262, April 10, 1952.Type.—Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 20050 (KU); from 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., Crook County, Wyoming; obtained on July 4, 1947, by H. W. Setzer; original No. 1692.Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts brownish gray; sides Ochraceous-Buff; baculum as inE. m. pallidus.Description.—Color pattern: Crown Sayal Brown washed with Cinnamon-Buff; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Ochraceous-Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; dorsal dark stripes Fuscous Black more or less mixed with Ochraceous-Buff; medial dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray with Ochraceous-Buff along margins; lateral dorsal light stripes grayish white or white with Ochraceous-Buff along margins; sides Ochraceous-Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray washed with Ochraceous-Buff; dorsal surface of tail black interspersed with Ochraceous-Buff; ventral surface of tail Ochraceous-Orange, with black along margin and Light Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Light Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes washed with Ochraceous-Buff.SkullandBaculum: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.Comparisons.—FromE. m. operarius, the subspecies from south-central Wyoming,E. m. silvaticusdiffers in: Underside of tail lighter; general tone of upper parts grayer; sides lighter; skull and baculum of same size and proportions.For comparisons withE. m. pallidusandE. m. confinis, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Eutamias minimus silvaticusWhite, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 5 (19):259-262, April 10, 1952.

Type.—Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 20050 (KU); from 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., Crook County, Wyoming; obtained on July 4, 1947, by H. W. Setzer; original No. 1692.

Diagnosis.—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts brownish gray; sides Ochraceous-Buff; baculum as inE. m. pallidus.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Sayal Brown washed with Cinnamon-Buff; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Ochraceous-Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; dorsal dark stripes Fuscous Black more or less mixed with Ochraceous-Buff; medial dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray with Ochraceous-Buff along margins; lateral dorsal light stripes grayish white or white with Ochraceous-Buff along margins; sides Ochraceous-Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray washed with Ochraceous-Buff; dorsal surface of tail black interspersed with Ochraceous-Buff; ventral surface of tail Ochraceous-Orange, with black along margin and Light Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Light Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes washed with Ochraceous-Buff.SkullandBaculum: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.

Comparisons.—FromE. m. operarius, the subspecies from south-central Wyoming,E. m. silvaticusdiffers in: Underside of tail lighter; general tone of upper parts grayer; sides lighter; skull and baculum of same size and proportions.

For comparisons withE. m. pallidusandE. m. confinis, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—Intergradation betweenE. m. silvaticusandE. m. pallidushas already been discussed under the account ofE. m. pallidus.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 42.Crook Co.: 15 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 5,500 ft., 6; 15 mi. ENE Sundance, 3,825 ft., 1; 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., 14; 1 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 1.Weston Co.: 1½ mi. E Buckhorn, 6,150 ft., 19; SE Newcastle, 1 (MM).Additional records(Howell 1929:57):Crook Co.: Devils Tower; Sundance.

Specimens examined.—Total number, 42.

Crook Co.: 15 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 5,500 ft., 6; 15 mi. ENE Sundance, 3,825 ft., 1; 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., 14; 1 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 1.

Weston Co.: 1½ mi. E Buckhorn, 6,150 ft., 19; SE Newcastle, 1 (MM).

Additional records(Howell 1929:57):Crook Co.: Devils Tower; Sundance.

Eutamias minimus operariusMerriam

Eutamias amoenus operariusMerriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:164, June 29, 1905.Eutamias minimus operarius, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, 1922.Type.—Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 129808 (BS); from Gold Hill, 7,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; obtained on October 8, 1903, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 8160.Diagnosis.—Size large; general tone of upper parts dark reddish brown; sides Tawny or Ochraceous-Tawny; baculum large, as inE. m. pallidus.Description.—Color pattern: Crown Cinnamon-Buff mixed with Pale Smoke Gray; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown; anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of pinna Cinnamon-Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch Pale Smoke Gray; dorsal dark stripes black with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; median dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; lateral dorsal light stripes white; sides Tawny or Ochraceous-Tawny; rump and thighs Light Grayish Olive; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Ochraceous-Tawny with Fuscous Black along margin and Clay Color along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Ochraceous-Buff; underparts grayish white, often washed with Buff.SkullandBaculum: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.Comparisons.—For comparisons withE. m. minimus,E. m. pallidus,E. m. confinis, andE. m. silvaticus, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Eutamias amoenus operariusMerriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:164, June 29, 1905.

Eutamias minimus operarius, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, 1922.

Type.—Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 129808 (BS); from Gold Hill, 7,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; obtained on October 8, 1903, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 8160.

Diagnosis.—Size large; general tone of upper parts dark reddish brown; sides Tawny or Ochraceous-Tawny; baculum large, as inE. m. pallidus.

Description.—Color pattern: Crown Cinnamon-Buff mixed with Pale Smoke Gray; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown; anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of pinna Cinnamon-Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch Pale Smoke Gray; dorsal dark stripes black with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; median dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; lateral dorsal light stripes white; sides Tawny or Ochraceous-Tawny; rump and thighs Light Grayish Olive; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Ochraceous-Tawny with Fuscous Black along margin and Clay Color along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Ochraceous-Buff; underparts grayish white, often washed with Buff.SkullandBaculum: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies ofE. minimus.

Comparisons.—For comparisons withE. m. minimus,E. m. pallidus,E. m. confinis, andE. m. silvaticus, see the accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—Specimens from the mountains near Savery in Carbon County and from near Medicine Bow Peak in Carbon and Albany counties are clearly referable to this race on the basis of color pattern. However, in the skull and baculum these specimens resembleE. m. minimus.

Specimens from the Laramie Range, 27 mi. N Laramie, show a color pattern which tends toward that ofE. m. pallidus.

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