22. Ansted’s Geology, p. 291.
22. Ansted’s Geology, p. 291.
23. As the ancients did not know or use the compound metal brass, though bronze was common amongst them, we must in this verse, and all others in which the word “brass” is used, understand it to mean copper.—Hughes’ Scripture Geography, Art. Geology of Palestine, p. 133.
23. As the ancients did not know or use the compound metal brass, though bronze was common amongst them, we must in this verse, and all others in which the word “brass” is used, understand it to mean copper.—Hughes’ Scripture Geography, Art. Geology of Palestine, p. 133.
24. Murray’s Hand-book for Cornwall, p. 199.
24. Murray’s Hand-book for Cornwall, p. 199.
25. Ansted, vol. ii. p. 418.
25. Ansted, vol. ii. p. 418.
26. Whewell, Anniversary Address to Geol. Society, 1839.
26. Whewell, Anniversary Address to Geol. Society, 1839.
27. In Memoriam.
27. In Memoriam.
28. Dr. Pye Smith says 140,000 feet.
28. Dr. Pye Smith says 140,000 feet.
29. See a valuable map of fossils published by the Christian Knowledge Society.
29. See a valuable map of fossils published by the Christian Knowledge Society.
30. Trilobite:treis, three, andlobos, a lobe; having three lobes.
30. Trilobite:treis, three, andlobos, a lobe; having three lobes.
31. Bridgewater Treatise, vol. i. p. 396.
31. Bridgewater Treatise, vol. i. p. 396.
32. A fossil shell allied to the Argonauta and Carinaria.
32. A fossil shell allied to the Argonauta and Carinaria.
33. “Man has no tail,quantum mutatus; but the notion of a much-ridiculed philosopher of the last century is not altogether without foundation; for the bones of a caudal extremity exist in an undeveloped state in the os coccygis of the human subject.” Poorman!—Vestiges of Creation, p. 71.
33. “Man has no tail,quantum mutatus; but the notion of a much-ridiculed philosopher of the last century is not altogether without foundation; for the bones of a caudal extremity exist in an undeveloped state in the os coccygis of the human subject.” Poorman!—Vestiges of Creation, p. 71.
34. Sedgwick, p. 216, “On the Studies of the University of Cambridge.”
34. Sedgwick, p. 216, “On the Studies of the University of Cambridge.”
35. “My School and Schoolmasters,” by Hugh Miller.
35. “My School and Schoolmasters,” by Hugh Miller.
36. “Old Red Sandstone; or, New Walks in an Old Field;” by Hugh Miller, p. 48.
36. “Old Red Sandstone; or, New Walks in an Old Field;” by Hugh Miller, p. 48.
37. “By mind, by hand, and by hammer.”
37. “By mind, by hand, and by hammer.”
38. “Old Red Sandstone,” p. 66.
38. “Old Red Sandstone,” p. 66.
39. Ichthyolite:ichthus, a fish,lithos, a stone: fossil fish, or the figure or impression of a fish in the rock.
39. Ichthyolite:ichthus, a fish,lithos, a stone: fossil fish, or the figure or impression of a fish in the rock.
40. “Old Red Sandstone,” pp. 41, 42.
40. “Old Red Sandstone,” pp. 41, 42.
41. “Old Red Sandstone,” p. 69.
41. “Old Red Sandstone,” p. 69.
42. Fromakanthos, a thorn, andpterugion, the fin.
42. Fromakanthos, a thorn, andpterugion, the fin.
43. Frommalakos, soft, andpterugion, the fin.
43. Frommalakos, soft, andpterugion, the fin.
44. 1. Ganoid, fromganos, splendour, because the scales are coated with a bright enamel.
44. 1. Ganoid, fromganos, splendour, because the scales are coated with a bright enamel.
45. 2. Placoid, fromplax, a plate; sometimes large, sometimes reduced to a point;e.g.shark.
45. 2. Placoid, fromplax, a plate; sometimes large, sometimes reduced to a point;e.g.shark.
46. 3. Ctenoid, fromkteis(gen.ktenos, a comb); scales jagged like a comb.
46. 3. Ctenoid, fromkteis(gen.ktenos, a comb); scales jagged like a comb.
47. 4. Cycloid, fromkuklos, a circle; scales smooth and simple:e.g.salmon, &c.
47. 4. Cycloid, fromkuklos, a circle; scales smooth and simple:e.g.salmon, &c.
48. Fromkephalē, the head;aspis, a buckler.
48. Fromkephalē, the head;aspis, a buckler.
49. Coccosteus, fromkokkos, a berry, andosteon, a bone.
49. Coccosteus, fromkokkos, a berry, andosteon, a bone.
50. “Old Red Sandstone,” p. 86.
50. “Old Red Sandstone,” p. 86.
51. Pterichthys:pteron, a wing, andichthus, a fish.
51. Pterichthys:pteron, a wing, andichthus, a fish.
52. “Old Red Sandstone,” pp. 80, 81.
52. “Old Red Sandstone,” pp. 80, 81.
53. Osteolepis:osteon, a bone, andlepis, a scale.
53. Osteolepis:osteon, a bone, andlepis, a scale.
54. Operculum, the flap which covers the gill.
54. Operculum, the flap which covers the gill.
55. “Old Red Sandstone,” p. 111.
55. “Old Red Sandstone,” p. 111.
56. “Vast quantities:” let any reader go and turn over the non-bituminous shale lying on the waste heaps of every coalpit, and he will see that this is no exaggeration.
56. “Vast quantities:” let any reader go and turn over the non-bituminous shale lying on the waste heaps of every coalpit, and he will see that this is no exaggeration.
57. Capillus Veneris.
57. Capillus Veneris.
58. Corruption ofarrière-dos, a fire-place. See a view and description of one in “A Visit to Penshurst,” in Howitt’s “Visits to Remarkable Places,” Second Series.
58. Corruption ofarrière-dos, a fire-place. See a view and description of one in “A Visit to Penshurst,” in Howitt’s “Visits to Remarkable Places,” Second Series.
59. Juicy and soft, as peas, beans, plantains, bananas, &c.
59. Juicy and soft, as peas, beans, plantains, bananas, &c.
60. “Ancient World,” pp. 76, 77.
60. “Ancient World,” pp. 76, 77.
61. This may seem strange at first; but I have journeyed through tropical forests that realized completely this sketch, so far as stillness and silence are concerned. A modern and most accomplished naturalist says of a Jamaica virgin forest, “Animal life is almost unseen; the solitude is scarcely broken by the voices of birds, except that now and then the rain-bird or the hunter (large cat-tailed cuckoos that love the shade) sound their startling rattle, or the mountain partridge utters those mournful cooings which are like the moans of a dying man.”—Gosse’s Jamaica, p. 198.
61. This may seem strange at first; but I have journeyed through tropical forests that realized completely this sketch, so far as stillness and silence are concerned. A modern and most accomplished naturalist says of a Jamaica virgin forest, “Animal life is almost unseen; the solitude is scarcely broken by the voices of birds, except that now and then the rain-bird or the hunter (large cat-tailed cuckoos that love the shade) sound their startling rattle, or the mountain partridge utters those mournful cooings which are like the moans of a dying man.”—Gosse’s Jamaica, p. 198.
62. Fromκάλαμος(calamus), a reed.
62. Fromκάλαμος(calamus), a reed.
63. Ansted’s “Ancient World,” p. 82.
63. Ansted’s “Ancient World,” p. 82.
64. Mesozoic:i.e.middle life period;mesos, middle,zoos, life.
64. Mesozoic:i.e.middle life period;mesos, middle,zoos, life.
65. The Religious Tract Society.
65. The Religious Tract Society.
66. Lyell’s “Manual of Elementary Geology.” Postscript, p. 13.
66. Lyell’s “Manual of Elementary Geology.” Postscript, p. 13.
67. Ansted’s Geology, vol i. p. 306.
67. Ansted’s Geology, vol i. p. 306.
68. Ichnites; fromichnon, a footstep, andeidos, like.
68. Ichnites; fromichnon, a footstep, andeidos, like.
69.Ornithos, a bird, andichnon.
69.Ornithos, a bird, andichnon.
70. Marsupial, frommarsupium, a pouch; animals of the fourth order of Cuvier, that have a pouch in which the young are carried.
70. Marsupial, frommarsupium, a pouch; animals of the fourth order of Cuvier, that have a pouch in which the young are carried.
71. Batrachian, frombatrachos, a frog; animals in Cuvier’s fourth class of reptiles.
71. Batrachian, frombatrachos, a frog; animals in Cuvier’s fourth class of reptiles.
72.Cheir, the hand,therion, a wild beast; a wild beast with a foot like a hand.
72.Cheir, the hand,therion, a wild beast; a wild beast with a foot like a hand.
73. Fromlabyrinthus, a labyrinth, andodous, a tooth; so called from the labyrinthine structure of the tooth.
73. Fromlabyrinthus, a labyrinth, andodous, a tooth; so called from the labyrinthine structure of the tooth.
74. In some cases we find, corresponding to a set of footmarks, a continuous furrow, presumed to be the impression of a tail dragged along the sand by the animal while walking.
74. In some cases we find, corresponding to a set of footmarks, a continuous furrow, presumed to be the impression of a tail dragged along the sand by the animal while walking.
75. Ansted’s Ancient World, pp. 125–127.
75. Ansted’s Ancient World, pp. 125–127.
76. Knight’s Cyclopædia of Arts, &c.
76. Knight’s Cyclopædia of Arts, &c.
77. Quarterly Review, May, 1852. Article on Roger de Coverley.
77. Quarterly Review, May, 1852. Article on Roger de Coverley.
78. This is a corruption, we are inclined to think, of the word “layers;” one of those provincial corruptions of the Queen’s English that get stereotyped.
78. This is a corruption, we are inclined to think, of the word “layers;” one of those provincial corruptions of the Queen’s English that get stereotyped.
79. Buckland’s Bridgewater Treatise. pp. 351, 352.
79. Buckland’s Bridgewater Treatise. pp. 351, 352.
80. A fossil bivalve, allied to the oyster, and very abundant in the secondary strata.
80. A fossil bivalve, allied to the oyster, and very abundant in the secondary strata.
81. Belemnite, frombelemnos, a dart, and so called from its arrow-headed shape.
81. Belemnite, frombelemnos, a dart, and so called from its arrow-headed shape.
82. Saurian, fromsauros, a lizard, the name by which the great family of lizards is designated.
82. Saurian, fromsauros, a lizard, the name by which the great family of lizards is designated.
83. Fromichthus, a fish, andsauros, a lizard; so called from its resemblance to both.
83. Fromichthus, a fish, andsauros, a lizard; so called from its resemblance to both.
84. Heteroclite;heteros, another, andklitos, inclining; a word applied to any thing or person deviating from common forms.
84. Heteroclite;heteros, another, andklitos, inclining; a word applied to any thing or person deviating from common forms.
85. Very unlike the alligator, whose eyes are placed at a considerable distance behind the nose.
85. Very unlike the alligator, whose eyes are placed at a considerable distance behind the nose.
86. Frompleiōn, more, andsauros, a lizard; because it is more like a lizard than the Ichthyosaurus.
86. Frompleiōn, more, andsauros, a lizard; because it is more like a lizard than the Ichthyosaurus.
87. Mantel’s Fossils of the British Museum, p. 341.
87. Mantel’s Fossils of the British Museum, p. 341.
88. This formation is sometimes called the Jurassic system.
88. This formation is sometimes called the Jurassic system.
89. Lyell’s Manual of Elementary Geology, p. 12, ed. 1852.
89. Lyell’s Manual of Elementary Geology, p. 12, ed. 1852.
90. “So vast an expanse!” Mr. Darwin traced coral reefs in the Pacific, 4,000 miles long and 600 broad. Between the coasts of Malabar and Madagascar there is a chain of coral reefs, called the Maldives and Laccadives, 480 miles long and 50 miles wide. On the east coast of Australia there is an unbroken reef of 350 miles long; and between Australia and Guinea, coral reefs extend 700 miles in length. Truly the coral animals, like the “conies,” are a “feeble folk,” but their habitations survive our proudest monuments.
90. “So vast an expanse!” Mr. Darwin traced coral reefs in the Pacific, 4,000 miles long and 600 broad. Between the coasts of Malabar and Madagascar there is a chain of coral reefs, called the Maldives and Laccadives, 480 miles long and 50 miles wide. On the east coast of Australia there is an unbroken reef of 350 miles long; and between Australia and Guinea, coral reefs extend 700 miles in length. Truly the coral animals, like the “conies,” are a “feeble folk,” but their habitations survive our proudest monuments.
91. Hugh Miller’s First Impressions, pp. 203, 204.
91. Hugh Miller’s First Impressions, pp. 203, 204.
92. Brash is s Wiltshire word for short or brittle; and thus a quick-tempered, irritable person, is said to have abrashytemper.
92. Brash is s Wiltshire word for short or brittle; and thus a quick-tempered, irritable person, is said to have abrashytemper.
93. Geology for Beginners (Weale’s Series), p. 147.
93. Geology for Beginners (Weale’s Series), p. 147.
94. Juke’s Popular Geology, pp. 42–44.
94. Juke’s Popular Geology, pp. 42–44.
95. Fromkrinos, a lily, andeidos, like; lily-shaped animals of the Radiated division, forming a link between the animal and vegetable world.
95. Fromkrinos, a lily, andeidos, like; lily-shaped animals of the Radiated division, forming a link between the animal and vegetable world.
96. Fromtrochos, a wheel; wheel-shaped crinoideans.
96. Fromtrochos, a wheel; wheel-shaped crinoideans.
97. Frompteron, a wing, anddactulos, a finger; the wing-fingered animal.
97. Frompteron, a wing, anddactulos, a finger; the wing-fingered animal.
98. The termWealdorWoldis the old Saxon for our presentWood; and now, altered by pronunciation, is found in connexion with many words and names of places:e.g. Waltham(Weald-ham), the wood house or home; Walthamstow, the wood house store, and so on. Thus it is that words are “fossil poetry.”
98. The termWealdorWoldis the old Saxon for our presentWood; and now, altered by pronunciation, is found in connexion with many words and names of places:e.g. Waltham(Weald-ham), the wood house or home; Walthamstow, the wood house store, and so on. Thus it is that words are “fossil poetry.”
99. Alison’s description of South America, in History of Europe (Article, South American Revolution); vol. viii.
99. Alison’s description of South America, in History of Europe (Article, South American Revolution); vol. viii.
100. “Our disposition is, and has been, not to multiply miracles after the sort in which this has been done by many morezealousthanwisefriends of revelation. In all cases we allow the miracle without question, which is distinctly claimed to be such in the Scriptures, and where the circumstances clearly indicate that a miracle was necessary,—we say ‘necessary,’ because we are persuaded that the Almighty has almost invariably chosen to act through natural agencies, and under the laws which he has imposed on nature, whenever they are adequate to produce the required result. We believe it is one of the beautiful peculiarities of the Bible, that it has none of those gratuitous and barren wonders, which form the mass of the pretended miracles which the various systems of false religion produce.... For our own part, we do not wish to hear of small miracles, which leave us doubtful whether there be any miracle at all. If we are to have miracles, let them be decidedly miraculous, and let not our veneration for the Divine character be offended by exhibitions of the Almighty, as laying bare his holy arm to remove the small remaining difficulty which theorists leave him to execute.”—Dr. Kitto’s Biblical History of Palestine.
100. “Our disposition is, and has been, not to multiply miracles after the sort in which this has been done by many morezealousthanwisefriends of revelation. In all cases we allow the miracle without question, which is distinctly claimed to be such in the Scriptures, and where the circumstances clearly indicate that a miracle was necessary,—we say ‘necessary,’ because we are persuaded that the Almighty has almost invariably chosen to act through natural agencies, and under the laws which he has imposed on nature, whenever they are adequate to produce the required result. We believe it is one of the beautiful peculiarities of the Bible, that it has none of those gratuitous and barren wonders, which form the mass of the pretended miracles which the various systems of false religion produce.... For our own part, we do not wish to hear of small miracles, which leave us doubtful whether there be any miracle at all. If we are to have miracles, let them be decidedly miraculous, and let not our veneration for the Divine character be offended by exhibitions of the Almighty, as laying bare his holy arm to remove the small remaining difficulty which theorists leave him to execute.”—Dr. Kitto’s Biblical History of Palestine.
101. We have a fine specimen before us which we brought from Demerara, answering well to Gosse’s description of the iguana found in Jamaica. “In the eastern parts of the island the great iguana (Cyclura lophoma), with itsdorsal crest, like the teeth of a saw, running all down its back, may be seen lying out on the branches of the trees, or playing bo-peep from a hole in the trunk.” It is considered a great delicacy by many, but it never seemed Christian food to us, and we never ventured to provoke our palate with a taste.
101. We have a fine specimen before us which we brought from Demerara, answering well to Gosse’s description of the iguana found in Jamaica. “In the eastern parts of the island the great iguana (Cyclura lophoma), with itsdorsal crest, like the teeth of a saw, running all down its back, may be seen lying out on the branches of the trees, or playing bo-peep from a hole in the trunk.” It is considered a great delicacy by many, but it never seemed Christian food to us, and we never ventured to provoke our palate with a taste.
102.Enaliosauriansaresealizards, such as those found in the Lias; anddeinosauriansareterriblelizards, such as those found in the Wealden.
102.Enaliosauriansaresealizards, such as those found in the Lias; anddeinosauriansareterriblelizards, such as those found in the Wealden.
103. Ansted’s Ancient World, pp. 164–168.
103. Ansted’s Ancient World, pp. 164–168.
104. Just published by Bohn, in his valuable “Scientific Library;” a marvel of cheapness and value.
104. Just published by Bohn, in his valuable “Scientific Library;” a marvel of cheapness and value.
105. Since writing the above we have met with the following, which proves that this origin of chalk is not so fabulous as some think it:—“Lieut. Nelson, Mr. Dance, and others have shown, that the waste and débris derived from coral reefs produces a substance exactly resembling chalk. I can corroborate this assertion from my own observations, both on some very white chalky limestones in Java and the neighbouring islands, which I believe to be nothing else than raised fringing coral reefs, and on the substance brought up by the lead over some hundreds of miles in the Indian Archipelago, and along the north-east coast of Australia, and the coral sea of Flinders,”—Juke’s Physical Geology, p. 263.
105. Since writing the above we have met with the following, which proves that this origin of chalk is not so fabulous as some think it:—“Lieut. Nelson, Mr. Dance, and others have shown, that the waste and débris derived from coral reefs produces a substance exactly resembling chalk. I can corroborate this assertion from my own observations, both on some very white chalky limestones in Java and the neighbouring islands, which I believe to be nothing else than raised fringing coral reefs, and on the substance brought up by the lead over some hundreds of miles in the Indian Archipelago, and along the north-east coast of Australia, and the coral sea of Flinders,”—Juke’s Physical Geology, p. 263.
106. We take the origin of the word Folkstone to mean, that that old town was once built of the brick that may be made of the galt: it was the folk’s-stone.
106. We take the origin of the word Folkstone to mean, that that old town was once built of the brick that may be made of the galt: it was the folk’s-stone.
107. “The Religion of Geology,” &c., by E. Hitchcock, LL.D. &c. p. 70.
107. “The Religion of Geology,” &c., by E. Hitchcock, LL.D. &c. p. 70.
108. Mantell’s “Geological Excursions,” p. 145.
108. Mantell’s “Geological Excursions,” p. 145.
109. Richardson, p. 391.
109. Richardson, p. 391.
110.Under-bornerocks;upo, below, andginomai, to be formed.
110.Under-bornerocks;upo, below, andginomai, to be formed.
111.Middle lifeperiod:mesos, middle, andzoos, life.
111.Middle lifeperiod:mesos, middle, andzoos, life.
112. Recent-life period:kainŏs, recent, andzoos, life.
112. Recent-life period:kainŏs, recent, andzoos, life.
113. Juke’s Practical Geology, p. 265.
113. Juke’s Practical Geology, p. 265.
114. Lyell’s Manual of Geology, pp. 97, 98.
114. Lyell’s Manual of Geology, pp. 97, 98.
115. Ansted’s Geology, vol. ii. p. 14.
115. Ansted’s Geology, vol. ii. p. 14.
116. Even Hitchcock’s good book is sadly disfigured and damaged, by trying to make geology prove too much. How can geology teach or suggest sin and the resurrection?
116. Even Hitchcock’s good book is sadly disfigured and damaged, by trying to make geology prove too much. How can geology teach or suggest sin and the resurrection?
117. British Quarterly, Feb. 1852.
117. British Quarterly, Feb. 1852.
118. Owen’s British Fossil Mammals and Birds, p. 255.
118. Owen’s British Fossil Mammals and Birds, p. 255.
119. Mantell, pp. 477–479.
119. Mantell, pp. 477–479.
120. Mantell, p. 471.
120. Mantell, p. 471.
121. The skeleton is not more than 150 years old, and is probably one of an Indian who fell in war; and has been covered with carbonate of lime, held in solution in some spring.
121. The skeleton is not more than 150 years old, and is probably one of an Indian who fell in war; and has been covered with carbonate of lime, held in solution in some spring.
122. Hugh Miller’s “First Impressions of England and its People,” p. 362.
122. Hugh Miller’s “First Impressions of England and its People,” p. 362.
123. No sooner did geology give signs of being able to speak from her subterranean abode, and say something new about the history of this old world, than Dr. Smith was among the foremost of the geologists, intent upon the interpretation of these mysterious, and at first incoherent sounds. At times the sounds seemed unscriptural, but his faith never failed; at other times it seemed in confirmation of Scripture, and he was filled with delight. There were sepulchres older than what he had accounted the era of death, and he must solve the mystery. Mineralogy, to which from his youth he had given considerable attention, became to him history more ancient than that of Moses, and poetry more fascinating than that of Homer. His minerals became books of wonderful tales; his fossils, before riddles of nature, the pictures of things in ancient worlds. The earth was a land of monuments, and the rock which before seemed nothing more than the solid masonry of the foundation on which men might build their dwellings, became the enduring chronicle of the millions of years in which extinct ages had risen, flourished and decayed. From that time he suffered no discovery of the geologists to escape his attention; and every valuable book upon the subject in English, German, or French, contributed its supplies to mitigate his insatiate craving after further information.Dr. Smith had another reason for devoting a large proportion of his time to geological studies. The new science had something to say about Holy Scripture. It threatened, as many understood its first ambiguous words, to contradict the book of Genesis.Whatever affected theology was of supreme importance in the estimation of the Homerton professor. Having full confidence in the truth of God’s word, he was sure that nature and revelation, however they appeared to superficial observers, could not be really at variance. In that confidence he patiently listened to every word the new science had to say about the creation of the world. To him belongs the honour, in the opinion of the most eminent geologists, of having relieved their science of every appearance of hostility to Scripture. Of his book on this subject, Dr. Mantell said, “It is, indeed, the dove sent out from the ark of modern geology; and it has returned with the olive branch in its mouth.”—British Quarterly, Jan. 1854. Art.Dr. Pye Smith.
123. No sooner did geology give signs of being able to speak from her subterranean abode, and say something new about the history of this old world, than Dr. Smith was among the foremost of the geologists, intent upon the interpretation of these mysterious, and at first incoherent sounds. At times the sounds seemed unscriptural, but his faith never failed; at other times it seemed in confirmation of Scripture, and he was filled with delight. There were sepulchres older than what he had accounted the era of death, and he must solve the mystery. Mineralogy, to which from his youth he had given considerable attention, became to him history more ancient than that of Moses, and poetry more fascinating than that of Homer. His minerals became books of wonderful tales; his fossils, before riddles of nature, the pictures of things in ancient worlds. The earth was a land of monuments, and the rock which before seemed nothing more than the solid masonry of the foundation on which men might build their dwellings, became the enduring chronicle of the millions of years in which extinct ages had risen, flourished and decayed. From that time he suffered no discovery of the geologists to escape his attention; and every valuable book upon the subject in English, German, or French, contributed its supplies to mitigate his insatiate craving after further information.
Dr. Smith had another reason for devoting a large proportion of his time to geological studies. The new science had something to say about Holy Scripture. It threatened, as many understood its first ambiguous words, to contradict the book of Genesis.
Whatever affected theology was of supreme importance in the estimation of the Homerton professor. Having full confidence in the truth of God’s word, he was sure that nature and revelation, however they appeared to superficial observers, could not be really at variance. In that confidence he patiently listened to every word the new science had to say about the creation of the world. To him belongs the honour, in the opinion of the most eminent geologists, of having relieved their science of every appearance of hostility to Scripture. Of his book on this subject, Dr. Mantell said, “It is, indeed, the dove sent out from the ark of modern geology; and it has returned with the olive branch in its mouth.”—British Quarterly, Jan. 1854. Art.Dr. Pye Smith.
124. Gray’s Antiquity of the Globe, pp. 57–59.
124. Gray’s Antiquity of the Globe, pp. 57–59.
125. Hitchcock, p. 70.
125. Hitchcock, p. 70.
August, 1854.
August, 1854.
August, 1854.
August, 1854.
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