ACKERSON, DAVID,describes Washington's personal appearance, ii. 386-388.Adams, Abigail,on Washington's appearance in 1775, i. 137.Adams, John,moves appointment of Washington as commander-in-chief, i. 134;on political necessity for his appointment, 135;and objections to it, 135;statement as to Washington's difficulties, 163;over-sanguine as to American prospects, 171;finds fault with Washington, 214, 215;one of few national statesmen, 252;on Washington's opinion of titles, ii. 52;advocates ceremony, 54;returns to United States, 137;attacked by Jefferson as a monarchist, 226;praised by Democrats as superior to Washington, 251;his administration upheld by Washington, 259;advised by Washington, 260;his inauguration, 276;sends special mission to France, 284;urges Washington to take command of provisional army, 285;wishes to make Knox senior to Hamilton, 286;censured by Washington, gives way, 287;lack of sympathy with Washington, 287;his nomination of Murray disapproved by Washington, 292, 293;letter of Washington to, on immigration, 326.Adams, J.Q.,on weights and measures, ii. 81.Adams, Samuel,not sympathized with by Washington in working for independence, i. 131;his inability to sympathize with Washington, 204;an enemy of Constitution, ii. 71;a genuine American, 309.Alcudia, Duke de,interviews with Pinckney, ii. 166.Alexander, Philip,hunts with Washington, i. 115.Alien and Sedition Laws,approved by Washington and Federalists, ii. 290, 297.Ames, Fisher,speech on behalf of administration in Jay treaty affair, ii. 210.André, Major,meets Arnold, i. 282;announces capture to Arnold, 284;confesses, 284;condemned and executed, 287;justice of the sentence, 287, 288;Washington's opinion of, 288, ii. 357.Armstrong, John, Major,writes Newburg address, i. 335.Army of the Revolution,at Boston, adopted by Congress, i. 134;its organization and character, 136-143;sectional jealousies in, at New York, 162;goes to pieces after defeat, 167, 175, 176;condition in winter of 1777, 186;difficulties between officers, 189;with foreign officers, 190-192;improvement as shown by condition after Brandywine and Germantown, 200, 201;hard winter at Valley Forge, 228;maintained alive only by Washington, 227, 228, 232;improved morale at Monmouth, 239;mutinies for lack of pay, 258;suffers during 1779, 270;bad condition in 1780, 279;again mutinies for pay, 291, 292, 295;conduct of troops, 292, 293;jealousy of people towards, 332;badly treated by States and by Congress, 333;grows mutinous, 334;adopts Newburg addresses, 335, 336;ready for a military dictatorship, 338, 340;farewell of Washington to, 345.Arnold, Benedict,sent by Washington to attack Quebec, i. 144;sent against Burgoyne, 210;plans treason, 281;shows loyalist letter to Washington, 282;meets André, 282;receives news of André's capture, 284;escapes, 284, 285;previous benefits from Washington, 286;Washington's opinion of, 288;ravages Virginia, 303;sent back to New York, 303;one of the few men who deceived Washington, ii. 336.Arnold, Mrs.,entertains Washington at time of her husband's treachery, i. 284, 285.Articles of Confederation,their inadequacy early seen by Washington, i. 297, 298; ii. 17.Asgill, Capt.,selected for retaliation for murder of Huddy, i. 328;efforts for his release, 329;release ordered by Congress, 330.BACHE, B.F.,publishes Jay treaty in "Aurora," ii. 185;joins in attack on Washington, 238, 244;rejoices over his retirement, 256.Baker,——,works out a pedigree for Washington, i. 31.Ball, Joseph,advises against sending Washington to sea, i. 49, 50.Barbadoes,Washington's description of, i. 64.Beckley, John,accuses Washington of embezzling, ii. 245.Bernard, John,his conversation with Washington referred to, i. 58, 107;describes encounter with Washington, ii. 281-283;his description of Washington's conversation, 343-348.Blackwell, Rev. Dr.,calls on Washington with Dr. Logan, ii. 264.Blair, John,appointed to Supreme Court, ii. 73.Bland, Mary,"Lowland Beauty," admired by Washington, i. 95, 96.Blount, Governor,pacifies Cherokees, ii. 94.Boston,visit of Washington to, i. 97, 99;political troubles in, 120;British measures against condemned by Virginia, 122, 123;appeals to colonies, 124;protests against Jay treaty, ii. 186;answered by Washington, 190.Botetourt, Lord, Governor of Virginia,quarrels with Assembly, i. 121;manages to calm dissension, 122;on friendly terms with Washington, 122.Braddock, General Edward,arrives in Virginia, i. 82;invites Washington to serve on his staff, 82;respects him, 83;his character and unfitness for his position, 83;despises provincials, 83;accepts Washington's advice as to dividing force, 84;rebukes Washington for warning against ambush, 85;insists on fighting by rule, 85;defeated and mortally wounded, 85;death and burial, 87.Bradford, William,succeeds Randolph, ii. 246.Brandywine,battle of, i. 196-198.Bunker Hill,question of Washington regarding battle of, i. 136.Burgoyne, General John,junction of Howe with, feared by Washington, i. 194, 195, 205, 206;significance of his defeat, 202;danger of his invasion foreseen by Washington, 203-206;captures Ticonderoga, 207;outnumbered and defeated, 210;surrenders, 211.Burke, Edmund,understands significance of Washington's leadership, i. 202;unsettled by French Revolution, ii. 294.CABOT, GEORGE,entertains Lafayette's son, ii. 366.Cadwalader, General,fails to cross Delaware to help Washington, i. 180;duel with Conway, 226.Calvert, Eleanor,misgivings of Washington over her marriage to John Custis, i. 111.Camden, battle of, i. 281.Canada,captured by Wolfe, i. 94;expedition of Montgomery against, 143, 144;project of Conway cabal against, 222; 253;project of Lafayette to attack, 254;plan considered dangerous by Washington, 254, 255;not undertaken by France, 256.Carleton, Sir Guy,informs Washington of address of Commons for peace, i. 324;suspected by Washington, 325;remonstrates against retaliation by Washington for murder ofHuddy, 328;disavows Lippencott, 328;fears plunder of New York city, 345;urges Indians to attack the United States, ii. 102, 175.Carlisle, Earl of,peace commissioner, i. 233.Carlyle, Thomas,sneers at Washington, i. 4, 14;calls him "a bloodless Cromwell," i. 69, ii. 332;fails to understand his reticence, i. 70;despises him for not seizing power, 341.Carmichael, William,minister at Madrid, ii. 165;on commission regarding the Mississippi, 166.Carrington, Paul,letter of Washington to, ii. 208;Washington's friendship for, 363.Cary, Mary,early love affair of Washington with, i. 96.Chamberlayne, Major,entertains Washington at Williams' Ferry, i. 101.Charleston,siege and capture of, i. 273, 274, 276.Chastellux, Marquis de,Washington's friendship for and letter to, ii. 351;on Washington's training of horses, 380.Cherokees,beaten by Sevier, ii. 89;pacified by Blount, 94,101.Chester, Colonel,researches on Washington pedigree, i. 31.Chickasaws,desert from St. Clair, ii. 96.China,honors Washington, i. 6.Choctaws,peaceable in 1788, ii. 89.Cincinnati, Society of the,Washington's connection with, ii. 4.Clarke, Governor,thinks Washington is invading popular rights, i. 215.Cleaveland, Rev.——,complimented by Washington, ii. 359.Clinton, George,appealed to by Washington to attack Burgoyne, i. 210;journey with Washington to Ticonderoga, 343;enters New York city, 345;letter of Washington to, ii. 1;meets Washington on journey to inauguration, 45;opponent of the Constitution, 71;orders seizure of French privateers, 153.Clinton, Sir Henry,fails to help Burgoyne, i. 210;replaces Howe at Philadelphia, his character, 232;tries to cut off Lafayette, 233;leaves Philadelphia, 234;defeats Lee at Monmouth, 236;retreats to New York, 238;withdraws from Newport, 248;makes a raid, 265;fortifies Stony Point, 268;his aimless warfare, 269, 270;after capturing Charleston returns to New York, 276;tries to save André, 287;alarmed at attacks on New York, 306;jealous of Cornwallis, refuses to send reinforcements, 308;deceived by Washington, 311;sends Graves to relieve Cornwallis, 312.Congress, Continental,Washington's journey to, i. 128;its character and ability, 129;its state papers, 129;adjourns, 132;in second session, resolves to petition the king, 133;adopts Massachusetts army and makes Washington commander, 134;reasons for his choice, 135;adheres to short-term enlistments, 149;influenced to declare independence by Washington, 160;hampers Washington in campaign of New York, 167;letters of Washington to, 170, 179, 212, 225, 229, 266, 278, 295, 321, 323, 333;takes steps to make army permanent, 171;its over-confidence, 171;insists on holding Forts Washington and Lee, 174;dissatisfied with Washington's inactivity, 187;criticises his proclamation requiring oath of allegiance, 189;makes unwise appointments of officers, 189;especially of foreigners, 190-192; 248, 249;applauds Washington's efforts at Germantown, 200;deposes Schuyler and St. Clair, 208;appoints Gates, 210;irritation against Washington, 212-215;falls under guidance of Conway cabal, 221, 222;discovers incompetence of cabal, 223;meddles with prisoners and officers, 231;rejects English peace offers, 233;makes alliance with France, 241;suppresses protests of officers against D'Estaing, 244;decline in its character, 257;becomes feeble, 258;improvement urged by Washington, 259, 266;appoints Gates to command in South, 268;loses interest in war, 278;asks Washington to name general for the South, 295;considers reduction of army, 313;elated by Yorktown, 323;its unfair treatment of army, 333, 335;driven from Philadelphia by Pennsylvania troops, 340;passes half-pay act, 342;receives commission of Washington, 347-349;disbands army, ii. 6;indifferent to Western expansion, 15;continues to decline, 22;merit of its Indian policy, 88.Congress, Federal,establishes departments, ii. 64;opened by Washington, 78, 79;ceremonial abolished by Jefferson, 79;recommendations made to by Washington, 81-83;acts upon them, 81-83;creates commission to treat with Creeks, 90;increases army, 94, 99;fails to solve financial problems, 106;debates Hamilton's report on credit, 107, 108;establishes national bank, 109;establishes protective revenue duties, 113;imposes an excise tax, 123;prepares for retaliation on Great Britain, 176;Senate ratifies Jay treaty conditionally, 184;House demands papers, 207;debates over its right to concur in treaty, 208-210;refuses to adjourn on Washington's birthday, 247;prepares for war with France, 285;passes Alien and Sedition Laws, 296.Constitution, Federal,necessity of, foreseen by Washington, ii. 17-18, 23, 24;the Annapolis Convention, 23-29;the Federal Convention, 30-36;Washington's attitude in, 31,34;his influence, 36;campaign for ratification, 38-41.Contrecoeur, Captain,leader of French and Indians in Virginia, i. 75."Conway cabal,"elements of in Congress, i. 214, 215;in the army, 215;organized by Conway, 217;discovered by Washington, 220;gets control of Board of War, 221;tries to make Washington resign, 222, 224;fails to invade Canada or provide supplies, 222, 223;harassed by Washington's letters, 223,226;breaks down, 226.Conway, Moncure D.,his life of Randolph, ii. 65, note, 196;his defense of Randolph in Fauchet letter affair, 196;on Washington's motives, 200;on his unfair treatment of Randolph, 201, 202.Conway, Thomas,demand for higher rank refused by Washington, i. 216;plots against him, 217;his letter discovered by Washington, 221;made inspector-general, 221, 222;complains to Congress of his reception at camp, 225;resigns, has duel with Cadwalader, 226;apologizes to Washington and leaves country, 226.Cooke, Governor,remonstrated with by Washington for raising state troops, i. 186.Cornwallis, Lord,pursues Washington in New Jersey, i. 175;repulsed at Assunpink, 181;outgeneraled by Washington, 182;surprises Sullivan at Brandywine, 197;defeats Lee at Monmouth, 236;pursues Greene in vain, 302;wins battle of Guilford Court House, 302;retreats into Virginia, 302;joins British troops in Virginia, 303;his dangerous position, 304;urged by Clinton to return troops to New York, 306;plunders Virginia, 307;defeats Lafayette and Wayne, 307;wishes to retreat South, 307;ordered by ministry to stay on the Chesapeake, 307;abandoned by Clinton, 308;establishes himself at Yorktown, 308;withdraws into town, 315;besieged, 316, 317;surrenders, 317;outgeneraled by Washington, 319, 320.Cowpens,battle of, i. 301.Craik, Dr.,attends Washington in last illness, ii. 300-302;Washington's friendship with, 363.Creeks,their relations with Spaniards, ii. 89, 90;quarrel with Georgia, 90;agree to treaty with United States, 91;stirred up by Spain, 101.Curwen, Samuel,on Washington's appearance, i. 137.Cushing, Caleb,appointed to Supreme Court, ii. 72.Custis, Daniel Parke,first husband of Martha Washington, i. 101.Custis, G.W.P.,tells mythical story of Washington and the colt, i. 45;Washington's care for, ii. 369.Custis, John,Washington's tenderness toward, i. 111;care for his education and marriage, 111;hunts with Washington, 141;death of, 322.Custis, Nellie,marriage with Washington's nephew, ii. 281, 369;letter of Washington to, 377.DAGWORTHY, CAPTAIN,claims to outrank Washington in Virginia army, i. 91, 97.Dallas, Alexander,protests to Genet against sailing of Little Sarah, ii. 155.Dalton, Senator,entertains Washington at Newburyport, ii. 359.Deane, Silas,promises commissions to foreign military adventurers, i. 190.De Barras,jealous of De Grasse, decides not to aid him, i. 310;persuaded to do so by Washington and Rochambeau, 311;reaches Chesapeake, 312.De Grasse, Comte,announces intention of coming to Washington, i. 305;warned by Washington not to come to New York, 305;sails to Chesapeake, 306;asked to meet Washington there, 308;reaches Chesapeake, 312;repulses British fleet, 312;wishes to return to West Indies, 315;persuaded to remain by Washington, 315;refuses to join Washington in attack on Charleston, 322;returns to West Indies, 322.De Guichen,——,commander of French fleet in West Indies, i. 280;appealed to for aid by Washington, 281;returns home, 282.Delancey, Oliver,escapes American attack, i. 306.Democratic party,its formation as a French party, ii. 225;furnished with catch-words by Jefferson, 226;with a newspaper organ, 227;not ready to oppose Washington for president in 1792, 235;organized against treasury measure, 236;stimulated by French Revolution, 238;supports Genet, 237;begins to attack Washington, 238;his opinion of it, 239, 240, 258, 261, 267, 268;forms clubs on French model, 241;Washington's opinion of, 242, 243;continues to abuse him, 244, 245, 250, 252;exults at his retirement, 256;prints slanders, 257.Demont, William,betrays plans of Fort Washington to Howe, i. 175.D'Estaing, Admiral,reaches America, i. 242;welcomed by Washington, 243;fails to cut off Howe and goes to Newport, 243;after battle with Howe goes to Boston, 244;letter of Washington to, 246;sails to West Indies, 246;second letter of Washington to, 247;attacks Savannah, 248;withdraws, 248.De Rochambeau, Comte,arrives at Newport, i. 277;ordered to await second division of army, 278;refuses to attack New York, 280;wishes a conference with Washington, 282;meets him at Hartford, 282;disapproves attacking Florida, 301;joins Washington before New York, 306;persuades De Barras to join De Grasse, 311;accompanies Washington to Yorktown, 314.Dickinson, John,commands scouts at Monmouth, i. 326.Digby, Admiral,bitter comments of Washington on, i. 325.Dinwiddie, Governor,remonstrates against French encroachments, i. 66;sends Washington on mission to French, 66;quarrels with the Virginia Assembly, 71;letter of Washington to, 73;wishes Washington to attack French, 79;tries to quiet discussions between regular and provincial troops, 80;military schemes condemned by Washington, 91;prevents his getting a royal commission, 93.Diplomatic History:refusal by Washington of special privileges to French minister, ii. 59-61;slow growth of idea of non-intervention, 132, 133;difficulties owing to French Revolution, 134;to English retention of frontier posts, 135;attitude of Spain, 135;relations with Barbary States, 136;mission of Gouverneur Morris to sound English feeling, 137;assertion by Washington of non-intervention policy toward Europe, 145, 146;issue of neutrality proclamation, 147, 148;its importance, 148;mission of Genet, 148-162;guarded attitude of Washington toward émigrés, 151;excesses of Genet, 151;neutrality enforced, 153, 154;the Little Sarah episode, 154-157;recall of Genet demanded, 158;futile missions of Carmichael and Short to Spain, 165, 166;successful treaty of Thomas Pinckney, 166-168;question as to binding nature of French treaty of commerce, 169-171;irritating relations with England, 173-176;Jay's mission, 177-184;the questions at issue, 180, 181;terms of the treaty agreed upon, 182;good and bad points, 183;ratified by Senate, 184;signing delayed by renewal of provision order, 185;war with England prevented by signing, 205;difficulties with France over Morris and Monroe, 211-214;doings of Monroe, 212, 213;United States compromised by him, 213, 214;Monroe replaced by Pinckney, 214;review of Washington's foreign policy, 216-219;mission of Pinckney, Marshall, and Gerry to France, 284;the X.Y.Z. affair, 285.Donop, Count,drives Griffin out of New Jersey, i. 180;killed at Fort Mercer, 217.Dorchester, Lord.See Carleton.Duane, James,letters of Washington to, i. 294, 329.Dumas, Comte,describes enthusiasm of people for Washington, i. 288.Dunbar, Colonel,connection with Braddock's expedition, i. 84, 87.Dunmore, Lord,arrives in Virginia as governor, i. 122;on friendly terms with Washington, 122, 123;dissolves assembly, 123.Duplaine, French consul,exequatur of revoked, ii. 159.EDEN, WILLIAM,peace commissioner, i. 233.Edwards, Jonathan,a typical New England American, ii. 309.Emerson, Rev. Dr.,describes Washington's reforms in army before Boston, i. 140.Emigrés,Washington's treatment of, ii. 151, 253.England,honors Washington, i. 20;arrogant behavior toward colonists, 80, 81, 82, 148;its policy towards Boston condemned by Virginia, 119, 121, 123, 126;by Washington, 124, 125,126;sends incompetent officers to America, 155, 201, 202, 233;stupidity of its operations, 203, 205, 206, 265;sincerity of its desire for peace doubted by Washington, 324, 325;arrogant conduct of toward the United States after peace, ii. 24, 25;stirs up the Six Nations and Northwestern Indians, 92, 94, 101;folly of her policy, 102;sends Hammond as minister, 169;its opportunity to win United States as ally against France, 171, 172;adopts contrary policy of opposition, 172, 173;adopts "provision order," 174;incites Indians against United States, 175;indignation of America against, 176;receives Jay well, but refuses to yield points at issue, 180;insists on monopoly of West India trade, 180;and on impressment, 181;later history of, 181;renews provision order, 185;danger of war with, 193;avoided by Jay treaty, 205;Washington said to sympathize with England, 252;his real hostility toward, 254;Washington's opinion of liberty in, 344.Ewing, General James,fails to help Washington at Trenton, i. 180.FAIRFAX, BRYAN,hunts with Washington, i. 115;remonstrates with Washington against violence of patriots, 124;Washington's replies to, 124, 126, 127;letter of Washington to in Revolution, ii. 366.Fairfax, George,married to Miss Cary, i. 55;accompanies Washington on surveying expedition, 58;letter of Washington to, 133.Fairfax, Mrs.——,letter of Washington to, ii. 367.Fairfax, Thomas, Lord,his career in England, i. 55;comes to his Virginia estates, 55;his character, 55;his friendship for Washington, 56;sends him to survey estates, 56;plans a manor across the Blue Ridge, 59;secures for Washington position as public surveyor, 60;probably influential in securing his appointment as envoy toFrench, 66;hunts with Washington, 115;his death remembered by Washington, ii. 366.Fairlie, Major,amuses Washington, ii. 374.Farewell Address, ii. 248, 249.Fauchet, M.,——,letter of, incriminating Randolph, ii. 195,196, 202.Fauntleroy, Betsy,love affair of Washington with, i. 97.Fauquier, Francis, Governor,at Washington's wedding, i. 101.Federal courts,suggested by Washington, i. 150."Federalist,"circulated by Washington, ii. 40.Federalist party,begun by Hamilton's controversy with Jefferson, ii. 230;supports Washington for reëlection, 235;organized in support of financial measures, 236;Washington looked upon by Democrats as its head, 244, 247;only its members trusted by Washington, 246, 247, 259, 260, 261;becomes a British party, 255;Washington considers himself a member of, 269-274;the only American party until 1800, 273;strengthened by X, Y, Z affair, 285;dissensions in, over army appointments, 286-290;its horror at French Revolution, 294, 295;attempts of Washington to heal divisions in, 298.Fenno's newspaper,used by Hamilton against the "National Gazette," ii. 230.Finances of the Revolution,effect of paper money on war, i. 258, 262;difficulties in paying troops, 258;labors of Robert Morris, 259, 264, 312;connection of Washington with, 263;continued collapse, 280, 290, 312.Financial History,bad condition in 1789, ii. 105;decay of credit, paper, and revenue, 106;futile propositions, 106;Hamilton's report on credit, 107;debate over assumption of state debt, 107;bargain between Hamilton and Jefferson, 108;establishment of bank, 109;other measures adopted, 112;protection in the first Congress, 112-115;the excise tax imposed, 123;opposition to, 123-127;"Whiskey Rebellion," 127-128.Fishbourn, Benjamin,nomination rejected by Senate, ii. 63.Fontanes, M. de,delivers funeral oration on Washington, i. 1.Forbes, General,renews attack on French in Ohio, i. 93.Forman, Major,describes impressiveness of Washington, ii. 389.Fox, Charles James,understands significance of Washington's leadership, i. 202.France,pays honors to Washington, i. I, 6;war with England, see French and Indian war;takes possession of Ohio, 65;considers Jumonville assassinated by Washington, 74;importance of alliance with foreseen by Washington, 191;impressed by battle of Germantown, 200;makes treaty of alliance with United States, 241;sends D'Estaing, 243;declines to attack Canada, 256;sends army and fleet, 274, 277;relations of French to Washington, 318, 319;absolute necessity of their naval aid, 318, 319;Revolution in, applauded by America, ii. 138, 139, 142;real character understood by Washington and others, 139-142, 295;debate over in America, 142;question of relations with United States, 143, 144;warned by Washington, 144, 145;neutrality toward declared, 147;tries to drive United States into alliance, 149;terms of the treaty with, 169;latter held to be no longer binding, 169-171;abrogates it, 171;demands recall of Morris, 211;mission of Monroe to, 211-214;makes vague promises, 212, 213;Washington's fairness toward, 253;tries to bully or corrupt American ministers, 284;the X, Y, Z affair, 285;war with not expected by Washington, 291;danger of concession to, 292, 293;progress of Revolution in, 294.Franklin, Benjamin,gets wagons for Braddock's expedition, i. 84;remark on Howe in Philadelphia, 219;national, like Washington, 252, ii. 8;despairs of success of Constitutional Convention, 35;his unquestioned Americanism, 309;respect of Washington for, 344, 346, 364.Frederick II., the Great,his opinion of Trenton campaign, i. 183;of Monmouth campaign, 239.French and Indian war, i. 64-94;inevitable conflict, 65;efforts to negotiate, 66, 67;hostilities begun, 72;the Jumonville affair, 74;defeat of Washington, 76;Braddock's campaign, 82-88;ravages in Virginia, 90;carried to a favorable conclusion by Pitt, 93, 94.Freneau, Philip,brought to Philadelphia and given clerkship by Jefferson, ii. 227;attacks Adams, Hamilton, and Washington in "National Gazette," 227;makes conflicting statements as to Jefferson's share in the paper, 227, 228;the first to attack Washington, 238.Fry, Colonel,commands a Virginia regiment against French and Indians, i. 71;dies, leaving Washington in command, 75.GAGE, GENERAL THOMAS,conduct at Boston condemned by Washington, i. 126;his treatment of prisoners protested against by Washington, 145;sends an arrogant reply, 147;second letter of Washington to, 147, 156.Gallatin, Albert,connection with Whiskey Rebellion, ii. 129.Gates, Horatio,visits Mt. Vernon, his character, i. 132;refuses to cooperate with Washington at Trenton, 180;his appointment as commander against Burgoyne urged, 208;chosen by Congress, 209;his part in defeating Burgoyne, 210;neglects to inform Washington, 211;loses his head and wishes to supplant Washington, 215;forced to send troops South, 216, 217;his attitude discovered by Washington, 221;makes feeble efforts at opposition, 221, 223;correspondence with Washington, 221, 223, 226;becomes head of board of war, 221;quarrels with Wilkinson, 223;sent to his command, 226;fears attack of British on Boston, 265;sent by Congress to command in South, 268;defeated at Camden, 281, 294;loses support of Congress, 294.Genet, Edmond Charles,arrives as French minister, ii. 148;his character, 149;violates neutrality, 151;his journey to Philadelphia, 151;reception by Washington, 152;complains of it, 153;makes demands upon State Department, 153;protests at seizure of privateers, 153;insists on sailing of Little Sarah, 155;succeeds in getting vessel away, 157;his recall demanded, 158;reproaches Jefferson, 158;remains in America, 158;threatens to appeal from Washington to Massachusetts, 159;demands denial from Washington of Jay's statements, 159;loses popular support, 160;tries to raise a force to invade Southwest, 161;prevented by state and federal authorities, 162;his arrival the signal for divisions of parties, 237;hurts Democratic party by his excesses, 241;suggests clubs, 241.George IV.,Washington's opinion of, ii. 346.Georgia,quarrels with Creeks, asks aid of United States, ii. 90;becomes dissatisfied with treaty, 91;disregards treaties of the United States, 103.Gerard, M.,notifies Washington of return of D'Estaing, i. 246.Germantown,battle of, i. 199.Gerry, Elbridge,on special mission to France, ii. 284;disliked by Washington, 292.
ACKERSON, DAVID,describes Washington's personal appearance, ii. 386-388.
ACKERSON, DAVID,
describes Washington's personal appearance, ii. 386-388.
Adams, Abigail,on Washington's appearance in 1775, i. 137.
Adams, Abigail,
on Washington's appearance in 1775, i. 137.
Adams, John,moves appointment of Washington as commander-in-chief, i. 134;on political necessity for his appointment, 135;and objections to it, 135;statement as to Washington's difficulties, 163;over-sanguine as to American prospects, 171;finds fault with Washington, 214, 215;one of few national statesmen, 252;on Washington's opinion of titles, ii. 52;advocates ceremony, 54;returns to United States, 137;attacked by Jefferson as a monarchist, 226;praised by Democrats as superior to Washington, 251;his administration upheld by Washington, 259;advised by Washington, 260;his inauguration, 276;sends special mission to France, 284;urges Washington to take command of provisional army, 285;wishes to make Knox senior to Hamilton, 286;censured by Washington, gives way, 287;lack of sympathy with Washington, 287;his nomination of Murray disapproved by Washington, 292, 293;letter of Washington to, on immigration, 326.
Adams, John,
moves appointment of Washington as commander-in-chief, i. 134;
on political necessity for his appointment, 135;
and objections to it, 135;
statement as to Washington's difficulties, 163;
over-sanguine as to American prospects, 171;
finds fault with Washington, 214, 215;
one of few national statesmen, 252;
on Washington's opinion of titles, ii. 52;
advocates ceremony, 54;
returns to United States, 137;
attacked by Jefferson as a monarchist, 226;
praised by Democrats as superior to Washington, 251;
his administration upheld by Washington, 259;
advised by Washington, 260;
his inauguration, 276;
sends special mission to France, 284;
urges Washington to take command of provisional army, 285;
wishes to make Knox senior to Hamilton, 286;
censured by Washington, gives way, 287;
lack of sympathy with Washington, 287;
his nomination of Murray disapproved by Washington, 292, 293;
letter of Washington to, on immigration, 326.
Adams, J.Q.,on weights and measures, ii. 81.
Adams, J.Q.,
on weights and measures, ii. 81.
Adams, Samuel,not sympathized with by Washington in working for independence, i. 131;his inability to sympathize with Washington, 204;an enemy of Constitution, ii. 71;a genuine American, 309.
Adams, Samuel,
not sympathized with by Washington in working for independence, i. 131;
his inability to sympathize with Washington, 204;
an enemy of Constitution, ii. 71;
a genuine American, 309.
Alcudia, Duke de,interviews with Pinckney, ii. 166.
Alcudia, Duke de,
interviews with Pinckney, ii. 166.
Alexander, Philip,hunts with Washington, i. 115.
Alexander, Philip,
hunts with Washington, i. 115.
Alien and Sedition Laws,approved by Washington and Federalists, ii. 290, 297.
Alien and Sedition Laws,
approved by Washington and Federalists, ii. 290, 297.
Ames, Fisher,speech on behalf of administration in Jay treaty affair, ii. 210.
Ames, Fisher,
speech on behalf of administration in Jay treaty affair, ii. 210.
André, Major,meets Arnold, i. 282;announces capture to Arnold, 284;confesses, 284;condemned and executed, 287;justice of the sentence, 287, 288;Washington's opinion of, 288, ii. 357.
André, Major,
meets Arnold, i. 282;
announces capture to Arnold, 284;
confesses, 284;
condemned and executed, 287;
justice of the sentence, 287, 288;
Washington's opinion of, 288, ii. 357.
Armstrong, John, Major,writes Newburg address, i. 335.
Armstrong, John, Major,
writes Newburg address, i. 335.
Army of the Revolution,at Boston, adopted by Congress, i. 134;its organization and character, 136-143;sectional jealousies in, at New York, 162;goes to pieces after defeat, 167, 175, 176;condition in winter of 1777, 186;difficulties between officers, 189;with foreign officers, 190-192;improvement as shown by condition after Brandywine and Germantown, 200, 201;hard winter at Valley Forge, 228;maintained alive only by Washington, 227, 228, 232;improved morale at Monmouth, 239;mutinies for lack of pay, 258;suffers during 1779, 270;bad condition in 1780, 279;again mutinies for pay, 291, 292, 295;conduct of troops, 292, 293;jealousy of people towards, 332;badly treated by States and by Congress, 333;grows mutinous, 334;adopts Newburg addresses, 335, 336;ready for a military dictatorship, 338, 340;farewell of Washington to, 345.
Army of the Revolution,
at Boston, adopted by Congress, i. 134;
its organization and character, 136-143;
sectional jealousies in, at New York, 162;
goes to pieces after defeat, 167, 175, 176;
condition in winter of 1777, 186;
difficulties between officers, 189;
with foreign officers, 190-192;
improvement as shown by condition after Brandywine and Germantown, 200, 201;
hard winter at Valley Forge, 228;
maintained alive only by Washington, 227, 228, 232;
improved morale at Monmouth, 239;
mutinies for lack of pay, 258;
suffers during 1779, 270;
bad condition in 1780, 279;
again mutinies for pay, 291, 292, 295;
conduct of troops, 292, 293;
jealousy of people towards, 332;
badly treated by States and by Congress, 333;
grows mutinous, 334;
adopts Newburg addresses, 335, 336;
ready for a military dictatorship, 338, 340;
farewell of Washington to, 345.
Arnold, Benedict,sent by Washington to attack Quebec, i. 144;sent against Burgoyne, 210;plans treason, 281;shows loyalist letter to Washington, 282;meets André, 282;receives news of André's capture, 284;escapes, 284, 285;previous benefits from Washington, 286;Washington's opinion of, 288;ravages Virginia, 303;sent back to New York, 303;one of the few men who deceived Washington, ii. 336.
Arnold, Benedict,
sent by Washington to attack Quebec, i. 144;
sent against Burgoyne, 210;
plans treason, 281;
shows loyalist letter to Washington, 282;
meets André, 282;
receives news of André's capture, 284;
escapes, 284, 285;
previous benefits from Washington, 286;
Washington's opinion of, 288;
ravages Virginia, 303;
sent back to New York, 303;
one of the few men who deceived Washington, ii. 336.
Arnold, Mrs.,entertains Washington at time of her husband's treachery, i. 284, 285.
Arnold, Mrs.,
entertains Washington at time of her husband's treachery, i. 284, 285.
Articles of Confederation,their inadequacy early seen by Washington, i. 297, 298; ii. 17.
Articles of Confederation,
their inadequacy early seen by Washington, i. 297, 298; ii. 17.
Asgill, Capt.,selected for retaliation for murder of Huddy, i. 328;efforts for his release, 329;release ordered by Congress, 330.
Asgill, Capt.,
selected for retaliation for murder of Huddy, i. 328;
efforts for his release, 329;
release ordered by Congress, 330.
BACHE, B.F.,publishes Jay treaty in "Aurora," ii. 185;joins in attack on Washington, 238, 244;rejoices over his retirement, 256.
BACHE, B.F.,
publishes Jay treaty in "Aurora," ii. 185;
joins in attack on Washington, 238, 244;
rejoices over his retirement, 256.
Baker,——,works out a pedigree for Washington, i. 31.
Baker,——,
works out a pedigree for Washington, i. 31.
Ball, Joseph,advises against sending Washington to sea, i. 49, 50.
Ball, Joseph,
advises against sending Washington to sea, i. 49, 50.
Barbadoes,Washington's description of, i. 64.
Barbadoes,
Washington's description of, i. 64.
Beckley, John,accuses Washington of embezzling, ii. 245.
Beckley, John,
accuses Washington of embezzling, ii. 245.
Bernard, John,his conversation with Washington referred to, i. 58, 107;describes encounter with Washington, ii. 281-283;his description of Washington's conversation, 343-348.
Bernard, John,
his conversation with Washington referred to, i. 58, 107;
describes encounter with Washington, ii. 281-283;
his description of Washington's conversation, 343-348.
Blackwell, Rev. Dr.,calls on Washington with Dr. Logan, ii. 264.
Blackwell, Rev. Dr.,
calls on Washington with Dr. Logan, ii. 264.
Blair, John,appointed to Supreme Court, ii. 73.
Blair, John,
appointed to Supreme Court, ii. 73.
Bland, Mary,"Lowland Beauty," admired by Washington, i. 95, 96.
Bland, Mary,
"Lowland Beauty," admired by Washington, i. 95, 96.
Blount, Governor,pacifies Cherokees, ii. 94.
Blount, Governor,
pacifies Cherokees, ii. 94.
Boston,visit of Washington to, i. 97, 99;political troubles in, 120;British measures against condemned by Virginia, 122, 123;appeals to colonies, 124;protests against Jay treaty, ii. 186;answered by Washington, 190.
Boston,
visit of Washington to, i. 97, 99;
political troubles in, 120;
British measures against condemned by Virginia, 122, 123;
appeals to colonies, 124;
protests against Jay treaty, ii. 186;
answered by Washington, 190.
Botetourt, Lord, Governor of Virginia,quarrels with Assembly, i. 121;manages to calm dissension, 122;on friendly terms with Washington, 122.
Botetourt, Lord, Governor of Virginia,
quarrels with Assembly, i. 121;
manages to calm dissension, 122;
on friendly terms with Washington, 122.
Braddock, General Edward,arrives in Virginia, i. 82;invites Washington to serve on his staff, 82;respects him, 83;his character and unfitness for his position, 83;despises provincials, 83;accepts Washington's advice as to dividing force, 84;rebukes Washington for warning against ambush, 85;insists on fighting by rule, 85;defeated and mortally wounded, 85;death and burial, 87.
Braddock, General Edward,
arrives in Virginia, i. 82;
invites Washington to serve on his staff, 82;
respects him, 83;
his character and unfitness for his position, 83;
despises provincials, 83;
accepts Washington's advice as to dividing force, 84;
rebukes Washington for warning against ambush, 85;
insists on fighting by rule, 85;
defeated and mortally wounded, 85;
death and burial, 87.
Bradford, William,succeeds Randolph, ii. 246.
Bradford, William,
succeeds Randolph, ii. 246.
Brandywine,battle of, i. 196-198.
Brandywine,
battle of, i. 196-198.
Bunker Hill,question of Washington regarding battle of, i. 136.
Bunker Hill,
question of Washington regarding battle of, i. 136.
Burgoyne, General John,junction of Howe with, feared by Washington, i. 194, 195, 205, 206;significance of his defeat, 202;danger of his invasion foreseen by Washington, 203-206;captures Ticonderoga, 207;outnumbered and defeated, 210;surrenders, 211.
Burgoyne, General John,
junction of Howe with, feared by Washington, i. 194, 195, 205, 206;
significance of his defeat, 202;
danger of his invasion foreseen by Washington, 203-206;
captures Ticonderoga, 207;
outnumbered and defeated, 210;
surrenders, 211.
Burke, Edmund,understands significance of Washington's leadership, i. 202;unsettled by French Revolution, ii. 294.
Burke, Edmund,
understands significance of Washington's leadership, i. 202;
unsettled by French Revolution, ii. 294.
CABOT, GEORGE,entertains Lafayette's son, ii. 366.
CABOT, GEORGE,
entertains Lafayette's son, ii. 366.
Cadwalader, General,fails to cross Delaware to help Washington, i. 180;duel with Conway, 226.
Cadwalader, General,
fails to cross Delaware to help Washington, i. 180;
duel with Conway, 226.
Calvert, Eleanor,misgivings of Washington over her marriage to John Custis, i. 111.
Calvert, Eleanor,
misgivings of Washington over her marriage to John Custis, i. 111.
Camden, battle of, i. 281.
Camden, battle of, i. 281.
Canada,captured by Wolfe, i. 94;expedition of Montgomery against, 143, 144;project of Conway cabal against, 222; 253;project of Lafayette to attack, 254;plan considered dangerous by Washington, 254, 255;not undertaken by France, 256.
Canada,
captured by Wolfe, i. 94;
expedition of Montgomery against, 143, 144;
project of Conway cabal against, 222; 253;
project of Lafayette to attack, 254;
plan considered dangerous by Washington, 254, 255;
not undertaken by France, 256.
Carleton, Sir Guy,informs Washington of address of Commons for peace, i. 324;suspected by Washington, 325;remonstrates against retaliation by Washington for murder ofHuddy, 328;disavows Lippencott, 328;fears plunder of New York city, 345;urges Indians to attack the United States, ii. 102, 175.
Carleton, Sir Guy,
informs Washington of address of Commons for peace, i. 324;
suspected by Washington, 325;
remonstrates against retaliation by Washington for murder of
Huddy, 328;
disavows Lippencott, 328;
fears plunder of New York city, 345;
urges Indians to attack the United States, ii. 102, 175.
Carlisle, Earl of,peace commissioner, i. 233.
Carlisle, Earl of,
peace commissioner, i. 233.
Carlyle, Thomas,sneers at Washington, i. 4, 14;calls him "a bloodless Cromwell," i. 69, ii. 332;fails to understand his reticence, i. 70;despises him for not seizing power, 341.
Carlyle, Thomas,
sneers at Washington, i. 4, 14;
calls him "a bloodless Cromwell," i. 69, ii. 332;
fails to understand his reticence, i. 70;
despises him for not seizing power, 341.
Carmichael, William,minister at Madrid, ii. 165;on commission regarding the Mississippi, 166.
Carmichael, William,
minister at Madrid, ii. 165;
on commission regarding the Mississippi, 166.
Carrington, Paul,letter of Washington to, ii. 208;Washington's friendship for, 363.
Carrington, Paul,
letter of Washington to, ii. 208;
Washington's friendship for, 363.
Cary, Mary,early love affair of Washington with, i. 96.
Cary, Mary,
early love affair of Washington with, i. 96.
Chamberlayne, Major,entertains Washington at Williams' Ferry, i. 101.
Chamberlayne, Major,
entertains Washington at Williams' Ferry, i. 101.
Charleston,siege and capture of, i. 273, 274, 276.
Charleston,
siege and capture of, i. 273, 274, 276.
Chastellux, Marquis de,Washington's friendship for and letter to, ii. 351;on Washington's training of horses, 380.
Chastellux, Marquis de,
Washington's friendship for and letter to, ii. 351;
on Washington's training of horses, 380.
Cherokees,beaten by Sevier, ii. 89;pacified by Blount, 94,101.
Cherokees,
beaten by Sevier, ii. 89;
pacified by Blount, 94,101.
Chester, Colonel,researches on Washington pedigree, i. 31.
Chester, Colonel,
researches on Washington pedigree, i. 31.
Chickasaws,desert from St. Clair, ii. 96.
Chickasaws,
desert from St. Clair, ii. 96.
China,honors Washington, i. 6.
China,
honors Washington, i. 6.
Choctaws,peaceable in 1788, ii. 89.
Choctaws,
peaceable in 1788, ii. 89.
Cincinnati, Society of the,Washington's connection with, ii. 4.
Cincinnati, Society of the,
Washington's connection with, ii. 4.
Clarke, Governor,thinks Washington is invading popular rights, i. 215.
Clarke, Governor,
thinks Washington is invading popular rights, i. 215.
Cleaveland, Rev.——,complimented by Washington, ii. 359.
Cleaveland, Rev.——,
complimented by Washington, ii. 359.
Clinton, George,appealed to by Washington to attack Burgoyne, i. 210;journey with Washington to Ticonderoga, 343;enters New York city, 345;letter of Washington to, ii. 1;meets Washington on journey to inauguration, 45;opponent of the Constitution, 71;orders seizure of French privateers, 153.
Clinton, George,
appealed to by Washington to attack Burgoyne, i. 210;
journey with Washington to Ticonderoga, 343;
enters New York city, 345;
letter of Washington to, ii. 1;
meets Washington on journey to inauguration, 45;
opponent of the Constitution, 71;
orders seizure of French privateers, 153.
Clinton, Sir Henry,fails to help Burgoyne, i. 210;replaces Howe at Philadelphia, his character, 232;tries to cut off Lafayette, 233;leaves Philadelphia, 234;defeats Lee at Monmouth, 236;retreats to New York, 238;withdraws from Newport, 248;makes a raid, 265;fortifies Stony Point, 268;his aimless warfare, 269, 270;after capturing Charleston returns to New York, 276;tries to save André, 287;alarmed at attacks on New York, 306;jealous of Cornwallis, refuses to send reinforcements, 308;deceived by Washington, 311;sends Graves to relieve Cornwallis, 312.
Clinton, Sir Henry,
fails to help Burgoyne, i. 210;
replaces Howe at Philadelphia, his character, 232;
tries to cut off Lafayette, 233;
leaves Philadelphia, 234;
defeats Lee at Monmouth, 236;
retreats to New York, 238;
withdraws from Newport, 248;
makes a raid, 265;
fortifies Stony Point, 268;
his aimless warfare, 269, 270;
after capturing Charleston returns to New York, 276;
tries to save André, 287;
alarmed at attacks on New York, 306;
jealous of Cornwallis, refuses to send reinforcements, 308;
deceived by Washington, 311;
sends Graves to relieve Cornwallis, 312.
Congress, Continental,Washington's journey to, i. 128;its character and ability, 129;its state papers, 129;adjourns, 132;in second session, resolves to petition the king, 133;adopts Massachusetts army and makes Washington commander, 134;reasons for his choice, 135;adheres to short-term enlistments, 149;influenced to declare independence by Washington, 160;hampers Washington in campaign of New York, 167;letters of Washington to, 170, 179, 212, 225, 229, 266, 278, 295, 321, 323, 333;takes steps to make army permanent, 171;its over-confidence, 171;insists on holding Forts Washington and Lee, 174;dissatisfied with Washington's inactivity, 187;criticises his proclamation requiring oath of allegiance, 189;makes unwise appointments of officers, 189;especially of foreigners, 190-192; 248, 249;applauds Washington's efforts at Germantown, 200;deposes Schuyler and St. Clair, 208;appoints Gates, 210;irritation against Washington, 212-215;falls under guidance of Conway cabal, 221, 222;discovers incompetence of cabal, 223;meddles with prisoners and officers, 231;rejects English peace offers, 233;makes alliance with France, 241;suppresses protests of officers against D'Estaing, 244;decline in its character, 257;becomes feeble, 258;improvement urged by Washington, 259, 266;appoints Gates to command in South, 268;loses interest in war, 278;asks Washington to name general for the South, 295;considers reduction of army, 313;elated by Yorktown, 323;its unfair treatment of army, 333, 335;driven from Philadelphia by Pennsylvania troops, 340;passes half-pay act, 342;receives commission of Washington, 347-349;disbands army, ii. 6;indifferent to Western expansion, 15;continues to decline, 22;merit of its Indian policy, 88.
Congress, Continental,
Washington's journey to, i. 128;
its character and ability, 129;
its state papers, 129;
adjourns, 132;
in second session, resolves to petition the king, 133;
adopts Massachusetts army and makes Washington commander, 134;
reasons for his choice, 135;
adheres to short-term enlistments, 149;
influenced to declare independence by Washington, 160;
hampers Washington in campaign of New York, 167;
letters of Washington to, 170, 179, 212, 225, 229, 266, 278, 295, 321, 323, 333;
takes steps to make army permanent, 171;
its over-confidence, 171;
insists on holding Forts Washington and Lee, 174;
dissatisfied with Washington's inactivity, 187;
criticises his proclamation requiring oath of allegiance, 189;
makes unwise appointments of officers, 189;
especially of foreigners, 190-192; 248, 249;
applauds Washington's efforts at Germantown, 200;
deposes Schuyler and St. Clair, 208;
appoints Gates, 210;
irritation against Washington, 212-215;
falls under guidance of Conway cabal, 221, 222;
discovers incompetence of cabal, 223;
meddles with prisoners and officers, 231;
rejects English peace offers, 233;
makes alliance with France, 241;
suppresses protests of officers against D'Estaing, 244;
decline in its character, 257;
becomes feeble, 258;
improvement urged by Washington, 259, 266;
appoints Gates to command in South, 268;
loses interest in war, 278;
asks Washington to name general for the South, 295;
considers reduction of army, 313;
elated by Yorktown, 323;
its unfair treatment of army, 333, 335;
driven from Philadelphia by Pennsylvania troops, 340;
passes half-pay act, 342;
receives commission of Washington, 347-349;
disbands army, ii. 6;
indifferent to Western expansion, 15;
continues to decline, 22;
merit of its Indian policy, 88.
Congress, Federal,establishes departments, ii. 64;opened by Washington, 78, 79;ceremonial abolished by Jefferson, 79;recommendations made to by Washington, 81-83;acts upon them, 81-83;creates commission to treat with Creeks, 90;increases army, 94, 99;fails to solve financial problems, 106;debates Hamilton's report on credit, 107, 108;establishes national bank, 109;establishes protective revenue duties, 113;imposes an excise tax, 123;prepares for retaliation on Great Britain, 176;Senate ratifies Jay treaty conditionally, 184;House demands papers, 207;debates over its right to concur in treaty, 208-210;refuses to adjourn on Washington's birthday, 247;prepares for war with France, 285;passes Alien and Sedition Laws, 296.
Congress, Federal,
establishes departments, ii. 64;
opened by Washington, 78, 79;
ceremonial abolished by Jefferson, 79;
recommendations made to by Washington, 81-83;
acts upon them, 81-83;
creates commission to treat with Creeks, 90;
increases army, 94, 99;
fails to solve financial problems, 106;
debates Hamilton's report on credit, 107, 108;
establishes national bank, 109;
establishes protective revenue duties, 113;
imposes an excise tax, 123;
prepares for retaliation on Great Britain, 176;
Senate ratifies Jay treaty conditionally, 184;
House demands papers, 207;
debates over its right to concur in treaty, 208-210;
refuses to adjourn on Washington's birthday, 247;
prepares for war with France, 285;
passes Alien and Sedition Laws, 296.
Constitution, Federal,necessity of, foreseen by Washington, ii. 17-18, 23, 24;the Annapolis Convention, 23-29;the Federal Convention, 30-36;Washington's attitude in, 31,34;his influence, 36;campaign for ratification, 38-41.
Constitution, Federal,
necessity of, foreseen by Washington, ii. 17-18, 23, 24;
the Annapolis Convention, 23-29;
the Federal Convention, 30-36;
Washington's attitude in, 31,34;
his influence, 36;
campaign for ratification, 38-41.
Contrecoeur, Captain,leader of French and Indians in Virginia, i. 75.
Contrecoeur, Captain,
leader of French and Indians in Virginia, i. 75.
"Conway cabal,"elements of in Congress, i. 214, 215;in the army, 215;organized by Conway, 217;discovered by Washington, 220;gets control of Board of War, 221;tries to make Washington resign, 222, 224;fails to invade Canada or provide supplies, 222, 223;harassed by Washington's letters, 223,226;breaks down, 226.
"Conway cabal,"
elements of in Congress, i. 214, 215;
in the army, 215;
organized by Conway, 217;
discovered by Washington, 220;
gets control of Board of War, 221;
tries to make Washington resign, 222, 224;
fails to invade Canada or provide supplies, 222, 223;
harassed by Washington's letters, 223,226;
breaks down, 226.
Conway, Moncure D.,his life of Randolph, ii. 65, note, 196;his defense of Randolph in Fauchet letter affair, 196;on Washington's motives, 200;on his unfair treatment of Randolph, 201, 202.
Conway, Moncure D.,
his life of Randolph, ii. 65, note, 196;
his defense of Randolph in Fauchet letter affair, 196;
on Washington's motives, 200;
on his unfair treatment of Randolph, 201, 202.
Conway, Thomas,demand for higher rank refused by Washington, i. 216;plots against him, 217;his letter discovered by Washington, 221;made inspector-general, 221, 222;complains to Congress of his reception at camp, 225;resigns, has duel with Cadwalader, 226;apologizes to Washington and leaves country, 226.
Conway, Thomas,
demand for higher rank refused by Washington, i. 216;
plots against him, 217;
his letter discovered by Washington, 221;
made inspector-general, 221, 222;
complains to Congress of his reception at camp, 225;
resigns, has duel with Cadwalader, 226;
apologizes to Washington and leaves country, 226.
Cooke, Governor,remonstrated with by Washington for raising state troops, i. 186.
Cooke, Governor,
remonstrated with by Washington for raising state troops, i. 186.
Cornwallis, Lord,pursues Washington in New Jersey, i. 175;repulsed at Assunpink, 181;outgeneraled by Washington, 182;surprises Sullivan at Brandywine, 197;defeats Lee at Monmouth, 236;pursues Greene in vain, 302;wins battle of Guilford Court House, 302;retreats into Virginia, 302;joins British troops in Virginia, 303;his dangerous position, 304;urged by Clinton to return troops to New York, 306;plunders Virginia, 307;defeats Lafayette and Wayne, 307;wishes to retreat South, 307;ordered by ministry to stay on the Chesapeake, 307;abandoned by Clinton, 308;establishes himself at Yorktown, 308;withdraws into town, 315;besieged, 316, 317;surrenders, 317;outgeneraled by Washington, 319, 320.
Cornwallis, Lord,
pursues Washington in New Jersey, i. 175;
repulsed at Assunpink, 181;
outgeneraled by Washington, 182;
surprises Sullivan at Brandywine, 197;
defeats Lee at Monmouth, 236;
pursues Greene in vain, 302;
wins battle of Guilford Court House, 302;
retreats into Virginia, 302;
joins British troops in Virginia, 303;
his dangerous position, 304;
urged by Clinton to return troops to New York, 306;
plunders Virginia, 307;
defeats Lafayette and Wayne, 307;
wishes to retreat South, 307;
ordered by ministry to stay on the Chesapeake, 307;
abandoned by Clinton, 308;
establishes himself at Yorktown, 308;
withdraws into town, 315;
besieged, 316, 317;
surrenders, 317;
outgeneraled by Washington, 319, 320.
Cowpens,battle of, i. 301.
Cowpens,
battle of, i. 301.
Craik, Dr.,attends Washington in last illness, ii. 300-302;Washington's friendship with, 363.
Craik, Dr.,
attends Washington in last illness, ii. 300-302;
Washington's friendship with, 363.
Creeks,their relations with Spaniards, ii. 89, 90;quarrel with Georgia, 90;agree to treaty with United States, 91;stirred up by Spain, 101.
Creeks,
their relations with Spaniards, ii. 89, 90;
quarrel with Georgia, 90;
agree to treaty with United States, 91;
stirred up by Spain, 101.
Curwen, Samuel,on Washington's appearance, i. 137.
Curwen, Samuel,
on Washington's appearance, i. 137.
Cushing, Caleb,appointed to Supreme Court, ii. 72.
Cushing, Caleb,
appointed to Supreme Court, ii. 72.
Custis, Daniel Parke,first husband of Martha Washington, i. 101.
Custis, Daniel Parke,
first husband of Martha Washington, i. 101.
Custis, G.W.P.,tells mythical story of Washington and the colt, i. 45;Washington's care for, ii. 369.
Custis, G.W.P.,
tells mythical story of Washington and the colt, i. 45;
Washington's care for, ii. 369.
Custis, John,Washington's tenderness toward, i. 111;care for his education and marriage, 111;hunts with Washington, 141;death of, 322.
Custis, John,
Washington's tenderness toward, i. 111;
care for his education and marriage, 111;
hunts with Washington, 141;
death of, 322.
Custis, Nellie,marriage with Washington's nephew, ii. 281, 369;letter of Washington to, 377.
Custis, Nellie,
marriage with Washington's nephew, ii. 281, 369;
letter of Washington to, 377.
DAGWORTHY, CAPTAIN,claims to outrank Washington in Virginia army, i. 91, 97.
DAGWORTHY, CAPTAIN,
claims to outrank Washington in Virginia army, i. 91, 97.
Dallas, Alexander,protests to Genet against sailing of Little Sarah, ii. 155.
Dallas, Alexander,
protests to Genet against sailing of Little Sarah, ii. 155.
Dalton, Senator,entertains Washington at Newburyport, ii. 359.
Dalton, Senator,
entertains Washington at Newburyport, ii. 359.
Deane, Silas,promises commissions to foreign military adventurers, i. 190.
Deane, Silas,
promises commissions to foreign military adventurers, i. 190.
De Barras,jealous of De Grasse, decides not to aid him, i. 310;persuaded to do so by Washington and Rochambeau, 311;reaches Chesapeake, 312.
De Barras,
jealous of De Grasse, decides not to aid him, i. 310;
persuaded to do so by Washington and Rochambeau, 311;
reaches Chesapeake, 312.
De Grasse, Comte,announces intention of coming to Washington, i. 305;warned by Washington not to come to New York, 305;sails to Chesapeake, 306;asked to meet Washington there, 308;reaches Chesapeake, 312;repulses British fleet, 312;wishes to return to West Indies, 315;persuaded to remain by Washington, 315;refuses to join Washington in attack on Charleston, 322;returns to West Indies, 322.
De Grasse, Comte,
announces intention of coming to Washington, i. 305;
warned by Washington not to come to New York, 305;
sails to Chesapeake, 306;
asked to meet Washington there, 308;
reaches Chesapeake, 312;
repulses British fleet, 312;
wishes to return to West Indies, 315;
persuaded to remain by Washington, 315;
refuses to join Washington in attack on Charleston, 322;
returns to West Indies, 322.
De Guichen,——,commander of French fleet in West Indies, i. 280;appealed to for aid by Washington, 281;returns home, 282.
De Guichen,——,
commander of French fleet in West Indies, i. 280;
appealed to for aid by Washington, 281;
returns home, 282.
Delancey, Oliver,escapes American attack, i. 306.
Delancey, Oliver,
escapes American attack, i. 306.
Democratic party,its formation as a French party, ii. 225;furnished with catch-words by Jefferson, 226;with a newspaper organ, 227;not ready to oppose Washington for president in 1792, 235;organized against treasury measure, 236;stimulated by French Revolution, 238;supports Genet, 237;begins to attack Washington, 238;his opinion of it, 239, 240, 258, 261, 267, 268;forms clubs on French model, 241;Washington's opinion of, 242, 243;continues to abuse him, 244, 245, 250, 252;exults at his retirement, 256;prints slanders, 257.
Democratic party,
its formation as a French party, ii. 225;
furnished with catch-words by Jefferson, 226;
with a newspaper organ, 227;
not ready to oppose Washington for president in 1792, 235;
organized against treasury measure, 236;
stimulated by French Revolution, 238;
supports Genet, 237;
begins to attack Washington, 238;
his opinion of it, 239, 240, 258, 261, 267, 268;
forms clubs on French model, 241;
Washington's opinion of, 242, 243;
continues to abuse him, 244, 245, 250, 252;
exults at his retirement, 256;
prints slanders, 257.
Demont, William,betrays plans of Fort Washington to Howe, i. 175.
Demont, William,
betrays plans of Fort Washington to Howe, i. 175.
D'Estaing, Admiral,reaches America, i. 242;welcomed by Washington, 243;fails to cut off Howe and goes to Newport, 243;after battle with Howe goes to Boston, 244;letter of Washington to, 246;sails to West Indies, 246;second letter of Washington to, 247;attacks Savannah, 248;withdraws, 248.
D'Estaing, Admiral,
reaches America, i. 242;
welcomed by Washington, 243;
fails to cut off Howe and goes to Newport, 243;
after battle with Howe goes to Boston, 244;
letter of Washington to, 246;
sails to West Indies, 246;
second letter of Washington to, 247;
attacks Savannah, 248;
withdraws, 248.
De Rochambeau, Comte,arrives at Newport, i. 277;ordered to await second division of army, 278;refuses to attack New York, 280;wishes a conference with Washington, 282;meets him at Hartford, 282;disapproves attacking Florida, 301;joins Washington before New York, 306;persuades De Barras to join De Grasse, 311;accompanies Washington to Yorktown, 314.
De Rochambeau, Comte,
arrives at Newport, i. 277;
ordered to await second division of army, 278;
refuses to attack New York, 280;
wishes a conference with Washington, 282;
meets him at Hartford, 282;
disapproves attacking Florida, 301;
joins Washington before New York, 306;
persuades De Barras to join De Grasse, 311;
accompanies Washington to Yorktown, 314.
Dickinson, John,commands scouts at Monmouth, i. 326.
Dickinson, John,
commands scouts at Monmouth, i. 326.
Digby, Admiral,bitter comments of Washington on, i. 325.
Digby, Admiral,
bitter comments of Washington on, i. 325.
Dinwiddie, Governor,remonstrates against French encroachments, i. 66;sends Washington on mission to French, 66;quarrels with the Virginia Assembly, 71;letter of Washington to, 73;wishes Washington to attack French, 79;tries to quiet discussions between regular and provincial troops, 80;military schemes condemned by Washington, 91;prevents his getting a royal commission, 93.
Dinwiddie, Governor,
remonstrates against French encroachments, i. 66;
sends Washington on mission to French, 66;
quarrels with the Virginia Assembly, 71;
letter of Washington to, 73;
wishes Washington to attack French, 79;
tries to quiet discussions between regular and provincial troops, 80;
military schemes condemned by Washington, 91;
prevents his getting a royal commission, 93.
Diplomatic History:refusal by Washington of special privileges to French minister, ii. 59-61;slow growth of idea of non-intervention, 132, 133;difficulties owing to French Revolution, 134;to English retention of frontier posts, 135;attitude of Spain, 135;relations with Barbary States, 136;mission of Gouverneur Morris to sound English feeling, 137;assertion by Washington of non-intervention policy toward Europe, 145, 146;issue of neutrality proclamation, 147, 148;its importance, 148;mission of Genet, 148-162;guarded attitude of Washington toward émigrés, 151;excesses of Genet, 151;neutrality enforced, 153, 154;the Little Sarah episode, 154-157;recall of Genet demanded, 158;futile missions of Carmichael and Short to Spain, 165, 166;successful treaty of Thomas Pinckney, 166-168;question as to binding nature of French treaty of commerce, 169-171;irritating relations with England, 173-176;Jay's mission, 177-184;the questions at issue, 180, 181;terms of the treaty agreed upon, 182;good and bad points, 183;ratified by Senate, 184;signing delayed by renewal of provision order, 185;war with England prevented by signing, 205;difficulties with France over Morris and Monroe, 211-214;doings of Monroe, 212, 213;United States compromised by him, 213, 214;Monroe replaced by Pinckney, 214;review of Washington's foreign policy, 216-219;mission of Pinckney, Marshall, and Gerry to France, 284;the X.Y.Z. affair, 285.
Diplomatic History:
refusal by Washington of special privileges to French minister, ii. 59-61;
slow growth of idea of non-intervention, 132, 133;
difficulties owing to French Revolution, 134;
to English retention of frontier posts, 135;
attitude of Spain, 135;
relations with Barbary States, 136;
mission of Gouverneur Morris to sound English feeling, 137;
assertion by Washington of non-intervention policy toward Europe, 145, 146;
issue of neutrality proclamation, 147, 148;
its importance, 148;
mission of Genet, 148-162;
guarded attitude of Washington toward émigrés, 151;
excesses of Genet, 151;
neutrality enforced, 153, 154;
the Little Sarah episode, 154-157;
recall of Genet demanded, 158;
futile missions of Carmichael and Short to Spain, 165, 166;
successful treaty of Thomas Pinckney, 166-168;
question as to binding nature of French treaty of commerce, 169-171;
irritating relations with England, 173-176;
Jay's mission, 177-184;
the questions at issue, 180, 181;
terms of the treaty agreed upon, 182;
good and bad points, 183;
ratified by Senate, 184;
signing delayed by renewal of provision order, 185;
war with England prevented by signing, 205;
difficulties with France over Morris and Monroe, 211-214;
doings of Monroe, 212, 213;
United States compromised by him, 213, 214;
Monroe replaced by Pinckney, 214;
review of Washington's foreign policy, 216-219;
mission of Pinckney, Marshall, and Gerry to France, 284;
the X.Y.Z. affair, 285.
Donop, Count,drives Griffin out of New Jersey, i. 180;killed at Fort Mercer, 217.
Donop, Count,
drives Griffin out of New Jersey, i. 180;
killed at Fort Mercer, 217.
Dorchester, Lord.See Carleton.
Dorchester, Lord.
See Carleton.
Duane, James,letters of Washington to, i. 294, 329.
Duane, James,
letters of Washington to, i. 294, 329.
Dumas, Comte,describes enthusiasm of people for Washington, i. 288.
Dumas, Comte,
describes enthusiasm of people for Washington, i. 288.
Dunbar, Colonel,connection with Braddock's expedition, i. 84, 87.
Dunbar, Colonel,
connection with Braddock's expedition, i. 84, 87.
Dunmore, Lord,arrives in Virginia as governor, i. 122;on friendly terms with Washington, 122, 123;dissolves assembly, 123.
Dunmore, Lord,
arrives in Virginia as governor, i. 122;
on friendly terms with Washington, 122, 123;
dissolves assembly, 123.
Duplaine, French consul,exequatur of revoked, ii. 159.
Duplaine, French consul,
exequatur of revoked, ii. 159.
EDEN, WILLIAM,peace commissioner, i. 233.
EDEN, WILLIAM,
peace commissioner, i. 233.
Edwards, Jonathan,a typical New England American, ii. 309.
Edwards, Jonathan,
a typical New England American, ii. 309.
Emerson, Rev. Dr.,describes Washington's reforms in army before Boston, i. 140.
Emerson, Rev. Dr.,
describes Washington's reforms in army before Boston, i. 140.
Emigrés,Washington's treatment of, ii. 151, 253.
Emigrés,
Washington's treatment of, ii. 151, 253.
England,honors Washington, i. 20;arrogant behavior toward colonists, 80, 81, 82, 148;its policy towards Boston condemned by Virginia, 119, 121, 123, 126;by Washington, 124, 125,126;sends incompetent officers to America, 155, 201, 202, 233;stupidity of its operations, 203, 205, 206, 265;sincerity of its desire for peace doubted by Washington, 324, 325;arrogant conduct of toward the United States after peace, ii. 24, 25;stirs up the Six Nations and Northwestern Indians, 92, 94, 101;folly of her policy, 102;sends Hammond as minister, 169;its opportunity to win United States as ally against France, 171, 172;adopts contrary policy of opposition, 172, 173;adopts "provision order," 174;incites Indians against United States, 175;indignation of America against, 176;receives Jay well, but refuses to yield points at issue, 180;insists on monopoly of West India trade, 180;and on impressment, 181;later history of, 181;renews provision order, 185;danger of war with, 193;avoided by Jay treaty, 205;Washington said to sympathize with England, 252;his real hostility toward, 254;Washington's opinion of liberty in, 344.
England,
honors Washington, i. 20;
arrogant behavior toward colonists, 80, 81, 82, 148;
its policy towards Boston condemned by Virginia, 119, 121, 123, 126;
by Washington, 124, 125,126;
sends incompetent officers to America, 155, 201, 202, 233;
stupidity of its operations, 203, 205, 206, 265;
sincerity of its desire for peace doubted by Washington, 324, 325;
arrogant conduct of toward the United States after peace, ii. 24, 25;
stirs up the Six Nations and Northwestern Indians, 92, 94, 101;
folly of her policy, 102;
sends Hammond as minister, 169;
its opportunity to win United States as ally against France, 171, 172;
adopts contrary policy of opposition, 172, 173;
adopts "provision order," 174;
incites Indians against United States, 175;
indignation of America against, 176;
receives Jay well, but refuses to yield points at issue, 180;
insists on monopoly of West India trade, 180;
and on impressment, 181;
later history of, 181;
renews provision order, 185;
danger of war with, 193;
avoided by Jay treaty, 205;
Washington said to sympathize with England, 252;
his real hostility toward, 254;
Washington's opinion of liberty in, 344.
Ewing, General James,fails to help Washington at Trenton, i. 180.
Ewing, General James,
fails to help Washington at Trenton, i. 180.
FAIRFAX, BRYAN,hunts with Washington, i. 115;remonstrates with Washington against violence of patriots, 124;Washington's replies to, 124, 126, 127;letter of Washington to in Revolution, ii. 366.
FAIRFAX, BRYAN,
hunts with Washington, i. 115;
remonstrates with Washington against violence of patriots, 124;
Washington's replies to, 124, 126, 127;
letter of Washington to in Revolution, ii. 366.
Fairfax, George,married to Miss Cary, i. 55;accompanies Washington on surveying expedition, 58;letter of Washington to, 133.
Fairfax, George,
married to Miss Cary, i. 55;
accompanies Washington on surveying expedition, 58;
letter of Washington to, 133.
Fairfax, Mrs.——,letter of Washington to, ii. 367.
Fairfax, Mrs.——,
letter of Washington to, ii. 367.
Fairfax, Thomas, Lord,his career in England, i. 55;comes to his Virginia estates, 55;his character, 55;his friendship for Washington, 56;sends him to survey estates, 56;plans a manor across the Blue Ridge, 59;secures for Washington position as public surveyor, 60;probably influential in securing his appointment as envoy toFrench, 66;hunts with Washington, 115;his death remembered by Washington, ii. 366.
Fairfax, Thomas, Lord,
his career in England, i. 55;
comes to his Virginia estates, 55;
his character, 55;
his friendship for Washington, 56;
sends him to survey estates, 56;
plans a manor across the Blue Ridge, 59;
secures for Washington position as public surveyor, 60;
probably influential in securing his appointment as envoy to
French, 66;
hunts with Washington, 115;
his death remembered by Washington, ii. 366.
Fairlie, Major,amuses Washington, ii. 374.
Fairlie, Major,
amuses Washington, ii. 374.
Farewell Address, ii. 248, 249.
Farewell Address, ii. 248, 249.
Fauchet, M.,——,letter of, incriminating Randolph, ii. 195,196, 202.
Fauchet, M.,——,
letter of, incriminating Randolph, ii. 195,196, 202.
Fauntleroy, Betsy,love affair of Washington with, i. 97.
Fauntleroy, Betsy,
love affair of Washington with, i. 97.
Fauquier, Francis, Governor,at Washington's wedding, i. 101.
Fauquier, Francis, Governor,
at Washington's wedding, i. 101.
Federal courts,suggested by Washington, i. 150.
Federal courts,
suggested by Washington, i. 150.
"Federalist,"circulated by Washington, ii. 40.
"Federalist,"
circulated by Washington, ii. 40.
Federalist party,begun by Hamilton's controversy with Jefferson, ii. 230;supports Washington for reëlection, 235;organized in support of financial measures, 236;Washington looked upon by Democrats as its head, 244, 247;only its members trusted by Washington, 246, 247, 259, 260, 261;becomes a British party, 255;Washington considers himself a member of, 269-274;the only American party until 1800, 273;strengthened by X, Y, Z affair, 285;dissensions in, over army appointments, 286-290;its horror at French Revolution, 294, 295;attempts of Washington to heal divisions in, 298.
Federalist party,
begun by Hamilton's controversy with Jefferson, ii. 230;
supports Washington for reëlection, 235;
organized in support of financial measures, 236;
Washington looked upon by Democrats as its head, 244, 247;
only its members trusted by Washington, 246, 247, 259, 260, 261;
becomes a British party, 255;
Washington considers himself a member of, 269-274;
the only American party until 1800, 273;
strengthened by X, Y, Z affair, 285;
dissensions in, over army appointments, 286-290;
its horror at French Revolution, 294, 295;
attempts of Washington to heal divisions in, 298.
Fenno's newspaper,used by Hamilton against the "National Gazette," ii. 230.
Fenno's newspaper,
used by Hamilton against the "National Gazette," ii. 230.
Finances of the Revolution,effect of paper money on war, i. 258, 262;difficulties in paying troops, 258;labors of Robert Morris, 259, 264, 312;connection of Washington with, 263;continued collapse, 280, 290, 312.
Finances of the Revolution,
effect of paper money on war, i. 258, 262;
difficulties in paying troops, 258;
labors of Robert Morris, 259, 264, 312;
connection of Washington with, 263;
continued collapse, 280, 290, 312.
Financial History,bad condition in 1789, ii. 105;decay of credit, paper, and revenue, 106;futile propositions, 106;Hamilton's report on credit, 107;debate over assumption of state debt, 107;bargain between Hamilton and Jefferson, 108;establishment of bank, 109;other measures adopted, 112;protection in the first Congress, 112-115;the excise tax imposed, 123;opposition to, 123-127;"Whiskey Rebellion," 127-128.
Financial History,
bad condition in 1789, ii. 105;
decay of credit, paper, and revenue, 106;
futile propositions, 106;
Hamilton's report on credit, 107;
debate over assumption of state debt, 107;
bargain between Hamilton and Jefferson, 108;
establishment of bank, 109;
other measures adopted, 112;
protection in the first Congress, 112-115;
the excise tax imposed, 123;
opposition to, 123-127;
"Whiskey Rebellion," 127-128.
Fishbourn, Benjamin,nomination rejected by Senate, ii. 63.
Fishbourn, Benjamin,
nomination rejected by Senate, ii. 63.
Fontanes, M. de,delivers funeral oration on Washington, i. 1.
Fontanes, M. de,
delivers funeral oration on Washington, i. 1.
Forbes, General,renews attack on French in Ohio, i. 93.
Forbes, General,
renews attack on French in Ohio, i. 93.
Forman, Major,describes impressiveness of Washington, ii. 389.
Forman, Major,
describes impressiveness of Washington, ii. 389.
Fox, Charles James,understands significance of Washington's leadership, i. 202.
Fox, Charles James,
understands significance of Washington's leadership, i. 202.
France,pays honors to Washington, i. I, 6;war with England, see French and Indian war;takes possession of Ohio, 65;considers Jumonville assassinated by Washington, 74;importance of alliance with foreseen by Washington, 191;impressed by battle of Germantown, 200;makes treaty of alliance with United States, 241;sends D'Estaing, 243;declines to attack Canada, 256;sends army and fleet, 274, 277;relations of French to Washington, 318, 319;absolute necessity of their naval aid, 318, 319;Revolution in, applauded by America, ii. 138, 139, 142;real character understood by Washington and others, 139-142, 295;debate over in America, 142;question of relations with United States, 143, 144;warned by Washington, 144, 145;neutrality toward declared, 147;tries to drive United States into alliance, 149;terms of the treaty with, 169;latter held to be no longer binding, 169-171;abrogates it, 171;demands recall of Morris, 211;mission of Monroe to, 211-214;makes vague promises, 212, 213;Washington's fairness toward, 253;tries to bully or corrupt American ministers, 284;the X, Y, Z affair, 285;war with not expected by Washington, 291;danger of concession to, 292, 293;progress of Revolution in, 294.
France,
pays honors to Washington, i. I, 6;
war with England, see French and Indian war;
takes possession of Ohio, 65;
considers Jumonville assassinated by Washington, 74;
importance of alliance with foreseen by Washington, 191;
impressed by battle of Germantown, 200;
makes treaty of alliance with United States, 241;
sends D'Estaing, 243;
declines to attack Canada, 256;
sends army and fleet, 274, 277;
relations of French to Washington, 318, 319;
absolute necessity of their naval aid, 318, 319;
Revolution in, applauded by America, ii. 138, 139, 142;
real character understood by Washington and others, 139-142, 295;
debate over in America, 142;
question of relations with United States, 143, 144;
warned by Washington, 144, 145;
neutrality toward declared, 147;
tries to drive United States into alliance, 149;
terms of the treaty with, 169;
latter held to be no longer binding, 169-171;
abrogates it, 171;
demands recall of Morris, 211;
mission of Monroe to, 211-214;
makes vague promises, 212, 213;
Washington's fairness toward, 253;
tries to bully or corrupt American ministers, 284;
the X, Y, Z affair, 285;
war with not expected by Washington, 291;
danger of concession to, 292, 293;
progress of Revolution in, 294.
Franklin, Benjamin,gets wagons for Braddock's expedition, i. 84;remark on Howe in Philadelphia, 219;national, like Washington, 252, ii. 8;despairs of success of Constitutional Convention, 35;his unquestioned Americanism, 309;respect of Washington for, 344, 346, 364.
Franklin, Benjamin,
gets wagons for Braddock's expedition, i. 84;
remark on Howe in Philadelphia, 219;
national, like Washington, 252, ii. 8;
despairs of success of Constitutional Convention, 35;
his unquestioned Americanism, 309;
respect of Washington for, 344, 346, 364.
Frederick II., the Great,his opinion of Trenton campaign, i. 183;of Monmouth campaign, 239.
Frederick II., the Great,
his opinion of Trenton campaign, i. 183;
of Monmouth campaign, 239.
French and Indian war, i. 64-94;inevitable conflict, 65;efforts to negotiate, 66, 67;hostilities begun, 72;the Jumonville affair, 74;defeat of Washington, 76;Braddock's campaign, 82-88;ravages in Virginia, 90;carried to a favorable conclusion by Pitt, 93, 94.
French and Indian war, i. 64-94;
inevitable conflict, 65;
efforts to negotiate, 66, 67;
hostilities begun, 72;
the Jumonville affair, 74;
defeat of Washington, 76;
Braddock's campaign, 82-88;
ravages in Virginia, 90;
carried to a favorable conclusion by Pitt, 93, 94.
Freneau, Philip,brought to Philadelphia and given clerkship by Jefferson, ii. 227;attacks Adams, Hamilton, and Washington in "National Gazette," 227;makes conflicting statements as to Jefferson's share in the paper, 227, 228;the first to attack Washington, 238.
Freneau, Philip,
brought to Philadelphia and given clerkship by Jefferson, ii. 227;
attacks Adams, Hamilton, and Washington in "National Gazette," 227;
makes conflicting statements as to Jefferson's share in the paper, 227, 228;
the first to attack Washington, 238.
Fry, Colonel,commands a Virginia regiment against French and Indians, i. 71;dies, leaving Washington in command, 75.
Fry, Colonel,
commands a Virginia regiment against French and Indians, i. 71;
dies, leaving Washington in command, 75.
GAGE, GENERAL THOMAS,conduct at Boston condemned by Washington, i. 126;his treatment of prisoners protested against by Washington, 145;sends an arrogant reply, 147;second letter of Washington to, 147, 156.
GAGE, GENERAL THOMAS,
conduct at Boston condemned by Washington, i. 126;
his treatment of prisoners protested against by Washington, 145;
sends an arrogant reply, 147;
second letter of Washington to, 147, 156.
Gallatin, Albert,connection with Whiskey Rebellion, ii. 129.
Gallatin, Albert,
connection with Whiskey Rebellion, ii. 129.
Gates, Horatio,visits Mt. Vernon, his character, i. 132;refuses to cooperate with Washington at Trenton, 180;his appointment as commander against Burgoyne urged, 208;chosen by Congress, 209;his part in defeating Burgoyne, 210;neglects to inform Washington, 211;loses his head and wishes to supplant Washington, 215;forced to send troops South, 216, 217;his attitude discovered by Washington, 221;makes feeble efforts at opposition, 221, 223;correspondence with Washington, 221, 223, 226;becomes head of board of war, 221;quarrels with Wilkinson, 223;sent to his command, 226;fears attack of British on Boston, 265;sent by Congress to command in South, 268;defeated at Camden, 281, 294;loses support of Congress, 294.
Gates, Horatio,
visits Mt. Vernon, his character, i. 132;
refuses to cooperate with Washington at Trenton, 180;
his appointment as commander against Burgoyne urged, 208;
chosen by Congress, 209;
his part in defeating Burgoyne, 210;
neglects to inform Washington, 211;
loses his head and wishes to supplant Washington, 215;
forced to send troops South, 216, 217;
his attitude discovered by Washington, 221;
makes feeble efforts at opposition, 221, 223;
correspondence with Washington, 221, 223, 226;
becomes head of board of war, 221;
quarrels with Wilkinson, 223;
sent to his command, 226;
fears attack of British on Boston, 265;
sent by Congress to command in South, 268;
defeated at Camden, 281, 294;
loses support of Congress, 294.
Genet, Edmond Charles,arrives as French minister, ii. 148;his character, 149;violates neutrality, 151;his journey to Philadelphia, 151;reception by Washington, 152;complains of it, 153;makes demands upon State Department, 153;protests at seizure of privateers, 153;insists on sailing of Little Sarah, 155;succeeds in getting vessel away, 157;his recall demanded, 158;reproaches Jefferson, 158;remains in America, 158;threatens to appeal from Washington to Massachusetts, 159;demands denial from Washington of Jay's statements, 159;loses popular support, 160;tries to raise a force to invade Southwest, 161;prevented by state and federal authorities, 162;his arrival the signal for divisions of parties, 237;hurts Democratic party by his excesses, 241;suggests clubs, 241.
Genet, Edmond Charles,
arrives as French minister, ii. 148;
his character, 149;
violates neutrality, 151;
his journey to Philadelphia, 151;
reception by Washington, 152;
complains of it, 153;
makes demands upon State Department, 153;
protests at seizure of privateers, 153;
insists on sailing of Little Sarah, 155;
succeeds in getting vessel away, 157;
his recall demanded, 158;
reproaches Jefferson, 158;
remains in America, 158;
threatens to appeal from Washington to Massachusetts, 159;
demands denial from Washington of Jay's statements, 159;
loses popular support, 160;
tries to raise a force to invade Southwest, 161;
prevented by state and federal authorities, 162;
his arrival the signal for divisions of parties, 237;
hurts Democratic party by his excesses, 241;
suggests clubs, 241.
George IV.,Washington's opinion of, ii. 346.
George IV.,
Washington's opinion of, ii. 346.
Georgia,quarrels with Creeks, asks aid of United States, ii. 90;becomes dissatisfied with treaty, 91;disregards treaties of the United States, 103.
Georgia,
quarrels with Creeks, asks aid of United States, ii. 90;
becomes dissatisfied with treaty, 91;
disregards treaties of the United States, 103.
Gerard, M.,notifies Washington of return of D'Estaing, i. 246.
Gerard, M.,
notifies Washington of return of D'Estaing, i. 246.
Germantown,battle of, i. 199.
Germantown,
battle of, i. 199.
Gerry, Elbridge,on special mission to France, ii. 284;disliked by Washington, 292.
Gerry, Elbridge,
on special mission to France, ii. 284;
disliked by Washington, 292.