crosses the Andes with San Martin,251,253;is made Supreme Dictator of Chile,255,400;equips navy to liberate Peru,255;his work of civic reconstruction,401;exiled from Chile,402;welcomed by Peru,402;recalled to Chile,403;dies in Peru,403;National Hero of Chile,404.Old Hickory, soubriquet of Andrew Jackson,297.Old Put, soubriquet of Israel Putnam,142.Onas, soubriquet of William Penn,37,41.Orinoco River, description of,378,384.Oyster Bay, home-town of Roosevelt,50,53.Paez, General, his strength and courage,382;seizes gunboats on the Apure,383;revolts against Bolivar,389;President of Venezuela,390;in exile,382.Pampas, Argentine prairie or plain,240,241.Panama, discovered by Columbus,25.Paraguay, Tyrant-liberator of,405.Paris of America, soubriquet of Buenos Aires,241.Paul, John,seeJones, John Paul.Peace,seeArbitration and Peace.Pearl Islands, discovered by Columbus,21,26.Pearl of the Antilles, soubriquet of Cuba,60.Pearls, found by Columbus,17,19,21,26.Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil, declares Independence of Brazil,113;abdicates,113.Pedro II, Emperor of Brazil, some important dates in his life,110;boy-emperor,113,115;patriot,116;opposes slavery,117;abdicates,119;poem to him by Whittier,110.See alsoBrazil.Pendleton, Edmund, attends First Continental Congress,80;at Mount Vernon,322.Penn, William, some important dates in his life,30;vision in boyhood,31;becomes a Friend,32;story of sword,32;persecution of,33;his principles of Peace,30,33;in America,36;friendly and just treatment of Indians,38,41;Indians’ sorrow at his death,42.Pennsylvania, how named,35;charter granted William Penn,35.See alsoPhiladelphia.Pensacola, Miranda helps to attack,332.Perez, Friar Juan, aids Columbus,12.Peru, under Spanish rule,244,257;patriotic reception of San Martin,256;declares its Independence,265;National Flag,265;Independence recognized by the United States,267;gratitude to San Martin,275;Bolivar’s plans for liberation of,273,388;its early Patriot, Tupac Amaru,405;gratitude to O’Higgins,402.See alsoLima;Pizarro.Philadelphia, naming of,37;William Penn’s first visit to,37;meeting place of Continental Congress,80;Independenceof the United States declared in,309.Pilgrim Fathers, leave Leyden,123,124,126;land in America,129;attacked by Nauset Indians,130;hunt for lost boy,134;pray for rain,138;friendly to Roger Williams,352.See alsoSeparatists.Pitcher, Moll, at Monmouth,218;rewarded by Washington,219.Pitt, Thomas, why called “Diamond Pitt,”95;transmits his strong will to William Pitt,96.Pitt, William, some important dates in his life,94;boyhood,96;defender of America,93,101;supports Francisco de Miranda,89,333;his dramatic last appearance,105;tributes to,94.Pittsburgh, (Pa.), named for William Pitt,94.Pittsfield, Mass., named for William Pitt,94.Pizarro, founder of Lima,244.Plymouth, Mass., settled,131;Canonicus sends Rattlesnake Challenge to,136;saved by Roger Williams,354.See also,Pilgrim Fathers.Polo, Marco, his travels read by Columbus,10.Poor Richard, The (Le Bon Homme Richard), Paul Jones’s ship,364,365.Poor Richard’s Almanack, published by Franklin,169;Paul Jones, names ship after,364.Portia, pen-name of Abigail Adams,76.Potts, Isaac, overhears Washington praying at Valley Forge,212.Prince of Peace, Penn in his Peace Plan, refers to Christ as,34;pledge of Argentina and Chile to,406.Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land, Bible text on Liberty Bell,310.Protector of Peru, soubriquet of Jose de San Martin,266.Providence, founded by Roger Williams,352;under peaceful rule of Roger Williams,355.Puerto Cabello, imprisonment of Americans in,340;fall of,344;Miranda imprisoned in,345.Pulaski, Count, visits Lafayette,417;receives banner from Moravian Nuns,418;banner in Lafayette’s procession,424.Puritans, meaning of name,350;Puritans in Boston,350.Putnam, Israel, some important dates in his life,142;boyhood,143;fight with the wolf,144;at Bunker Hill,147;makes Washington laugh,148;praise from Washington,150;tribute from Washington Irving,142.Quakers,seeFriends.Quebec, aids blockaded Boston,80;Petitions of First Continental Congress,81.Quincy, Mass.,seeBraintree.Rancagua, battle of,398.Ranger, The, Paul Jones’s ship,362.Raritan, Hamilton at, the passage of,157.Read, George, delegate to First Continental Congress,80.Representative Government, Lincoln on,187;in early Virginia,308.See alsoConstitution of the United States;Independence, Growth of Idea.Republics, see names of Republics.Revere, Paul, ride to Philadelphia,77;ride to Lexington,81.Rhode Island, aids blockaded Boston,79;sends troops to Bunker Hill and Siege of Boston,214.See alsoWilliams.Rio de Janeiro, Pedro II crowned in,113;visited by Roosevelt,66;statue, gift of American people, placed in,122.Rio de la Plata, River of Silver,242,243.Rio Teodoro, River of Doubt, named after Roosevelt,69.River of Doubt, explored by Roosevelt,65.River of Silver, Rio de la Plata,242,243.Rivers,seenames of rivers.Robertson, William Spence, characterization of San Martin,236;of Miranda,326;of Bolivar,391,392;decorated with Order of Liberators of Venezuela,392.Robinson, Pastor John, in Leyden,126.Rockingham, Lord, defender of America,103.Rodney, Cæsar, delegate toFirst Continental Congress,80.Rodriquez, Simon, Bolivar’s tutor,374;arouses his patriotism,376.Roman Catholic Church, in Spanish America,330.See alsoBeltran;Las Casas;Perez.Roosevelt, Kermit, at Sagamore Hill,53;hunts in Africa,57;explores the River of Doubt,66.Roosevelt, Theodore, some important dates in his life,44;boyhood,45;love of Nature,46,51;busting broncos,47;ranching,47;square deal,43,44;with John Burroughs in the Yellowstone,53;Big Stick,54;with John Muir in the Yosemite,55;Bear Hunters’ dinner,56;hunting in Africa,57;Rough Riders,59,61;at San Juan Hill,64;at Montauk Point,65;explores the River of Doubt,65;tribute to him,69.St. Brandan, legend of,6.St. Christopher, legend of,9.Sagamore Hill, Roosevelt’s Long Island home,50,52.Sage of Monticello, soubriquet of Thomas Jefferson,304.Salomon, Haym, finances the War for Independence,228;tribute to, by James Madison228.Samoset, welcomes the Pilgrims,131.San Juan Hill, Rough Riders at,64.San Lorenzo, victory of,242.San Martin, Jose de, some important dates in his life,236;boyhood,237;serves as officer in Spain,238;returns to Argentina,240;wins battle of San Lorenzo,242;made Governor of Cuyo,244;his noble character,247;mobilizes Army to cross the Andes,243,248,250;crosses the Andes,249;refuses honours,254;proclamation to Peruvians,256;takes Lima,257;his modesty,261;his kindness,262;his love of children,263;his graciousness,263;his gentleness,264;becomes Protector of Peru,266;interview with Bolivar,272;lays down his command,275;his wife,246,247,275;goes into voluntary exile,276;his self-abnegation,277;his death,276;interment at Buenos Aires,278;tributes to him by Lord Bryce, Joseph Conrad, William Spence Robertson, and Bartolome Mitre,235,236.See alsoArgentina;Bolivar;O’Higgins.San Mateo, country estate of Bolivar,374,375.Santiago, Chile, taken by the Spaniards,398,399.Santo Domingo, ruled by Columbus,18,19.Sea of Darkness,seeAtlantic Ocean.Separatists, not Puritans,350.See alsoBradford;Pilgrim Fathers.Sequoias, visited by Roosevelt John Muir,55.Shackamaxon, Place of Kings,38.Shadwell Farm, property of Thomas Jefferson,305.Shenandoah River, meaning of name,192;Washington surveys in its valley,192.Sherman, Roger, delegate to First Continental Congress,80.Shirra, Rev. Mr., prays God to save Leith from Paul Jones,366;strong wind blows Jones’s ship away,367.Silver Heels, soubriquet of John Marshall,436.Slate Rock, Indians greet Roger Williams from,353.Slavery in Brazil, emancipation of slaves,117,118.Slavery in Spanish America, Indian slaves,26,329,330;slaves defended by Bartolome de Las Casas,26;patriot slaves freed by San Martin,242,257.Slavery in the United States, Lincoln at the slave-market,177;slave clause stricken from Declaration of Independence,311;Abolitionists,312;God’s judgment on slavery, pronounced by Lincoln,310;by Jefferson,312.Smith, William Steuben, sails with Miranda,90,335.Sons of Liberty, origin of name,104;active in the Colonies,104.Soul Liberty, preached by Roger Williams,347,348,351.South Carolina, aids blockaded Boston,79.Spain, rule of, in Spanish America,237,242,329.See alsoBolivar;Miranda;O’Higgins;San Martin.Spanish Galleons, treasure ships,26,327.Spanish Main,327,338.Stamp Act, William Pitt’s speech against,102;Patrick Henry’s speech against,317.Standish, Captain Miles, sails for the New World,126;arrests Canonicus’s messenger,137.Stars and Stripes,seeFlags of the United States.Steuben, Baron, at Valley Forge,222;at Monmouth,223;bids Washington farewell at Fraunces Tavern,230;his services recognized by the State of New York,223.Sucre, Antonio de, Bolivar’s general and friend,389;liberates Bolivia,390.Tarleton, General, massacres militia of the Waxhaws,283.Tartary, Columbus’s search for,9,16.Terrestrial Paradise, Columbus’s search for,5,15,21.Terrible Cornet of Horse, soubriquet of William Pitt,97.Thule, visited by Columbus,8;supposed to be Iceland,8.Tierra Firme, old Spanish name for the South American continent,17.Tisquantum, the Pilgrim’s Indian interpreter,134,135,136.Tobacco, discovered by Columbus,12.Toussaint l’Ouverture, Liberator of Haiti,405.Trinidad, named by Columbus,16.Trumbull, Governor Jonathan, sends Putnam to Bunker Hill,147;supplies powder for Battle,209;nicknamed Brother Jonathan,210.Tupac Amaru, early Peruvian Patriot,405.Twin Cities, Cristobal and Colon, named after Columbus,25.Union, The, Hamilton’s faith in,154;Andrew Jackson’s toast,279;John Marshall and the solidarity of the Union,425,431;the Constitution necessary to protect the Union,158,443;Washington on the Unity of our Government,448.Uruguay, called La Banda Oriental,405;Artigas, Liberator of,405;Roosevelt visits,66.Usheen, legend of the Atlantic,6.Valley Forge, winter of suffering,210,211,418;Martha Washington nurses the sick,212;Washington prays God for aid,213;Nathanael Greene procures army supplies,215;Steuben trains the Army,222;John Marshall keeps up the soldiers’ courage,436.Venezuela, discovered by Columbus,17;Miranda’s attempt to liberate,335,339;Declaration of Independence,342;National Flag,339,342;Constitutionof Bolivar,384.See alsoBolivar;Miranda.Vermont, aids blockaded Boston,79.Villamil, Joseph, helps to liberate Guayaquil,271.Vinland the Good, Columbus may have heard of,9.Virginia, aids blockaded Boston,79;summons first representative assembly in America,308.See alsoHenry;Jefferson;Madison;Marshall;Pendleton;Washington.Virginia Rangers, cover Braddock’s Retreat,428.Warren, Dr. Joseph, at Bunker Hill,87.Washington, George, some important dates in his life,190;Lincoln’s tribute on his birthday,190;boyhood,191;offers to aid blockaded Boston,80;delegate to First Continental Congress,80,322;nominated Commander-in-Chief,83;his modesty,84,171;arrives at Cambridge,147;the spy in camp,148;letter to Putnam,150;meets Hamilton,157;on Sunday work in the Army and Navy,185;Cincinnatus of the West,189,206;love of children,198,200,204;story of the little Boston Girl,200;his favourite horse,204;anecdote of the bowl of tea,206;his tact and kindness,206;friendship with Governor Trumbull,209;at Valley Forge,210;compassion for suffering soldiers,210;in prayerto God for help,213;befriends Light Horse Harry,216;sends Kosciuszko to fortify West Point,225;pays the troops with the aid of Haym Salomon,228;bids farewell to his officers,230;presides over Federal Convention,171;bequest from Franklin,172;Farewell Address,158,418;bequeaths their Freedom to his slaves,311;tributes to him,233,234.See alsoGreene;Lafayette;Lee.Washington, Martha, wedding day of,197;at Valley Forge,211;laughing parrot of,217;anxiety for Washington,322.Washington, Mary, education of her son,195;Washington visits her at Fredericksburg,195.Washington of South America, soubriquet of Jose de San Martin,254.Waxhaws, home-place of Andrew Jackson,