[4]In this respect, many foreign languages possess a great advantage over ours. They can augment or diminish the same word to increase or lessen the meaning. For instance; in the Spanish, we can sayHombre, a man;Hombron, alargeman;Hombrecito, ayoungman, or youth;Hombrecillo, amiserable littleman;Pagaro, a bird;Pagarito, apretty littlebird;Perro, a dog;Perrillo, anugly littledog;Perrazo, alargedog.The Indian languages admit of diminutives in a similar way. In the Delaware dialect, they are formed by the suffixtit, in the class of animate nouns; but byes, to the inanimate; as,Senno, a man;Sennotit, alittleman;Wikwam, a house;Wikwames, asmallhouse.—Enc. Amer. Art. Indian Languages, vol. 6, p. 586.
[4]In this respect, many foreign languages possess a great advantage over ours. They can augment or diminish the same word to increase or lessen the meaning. For instance; in the Spanish, we can sayHombre, a man;Hombron, alargeman;Hombrecito, ayoungman, or youth;Hombrecillo, amiserable littleman;Pagaro, a bird;Pagarito, apretty littlebird;Perro, a dog;Perrillo, anugly littledog;Perrazo, alargedog.
The Indian languages admit of diminutives in a similar way. In the Delaware dialect, they are formed by the suffixtit, in the class of animate nouns; but byes, to the inanimate; as,Senno, a man;Sennotit, alittleman;Wikwam, a house;Wikwames, asmallhouse.—Enc. Amer. Art. Indian Languages, vol. 6, p. 586.
[5]Mr. Harris, in his "Hermes," says, "A preposition is a part of speech,devoid itself of signification; but so formed as to unite two words that are significant, and that refuse to coalesce or unite themselves."Mr. Murray says, "Prepositions serve toconnectwords with one another, and show the relation between them."
[5]Mr. Harris, in his "Hermes," says, "A preposition is a part of speech,devoid itself of signification; but so formed as to unite two words that are significant, and that refuse to coalesce or unite themselves."
Mr. Murray says, "Prepositions serve toconnectwords with one another, and show the relation between them."
[6]"Me thou shalt use in what thou wilt, and doe that with a slendertwist, that none can doe with a toughwith."Euphues and his England, p. 136."They had arms under the straw in the boats, and had cut thewithesthat held the oars of the town boats, to prevent any pursuit."Ludlow's Memoirs, p. 435."The only furniture belonging to the houses, appears to be an oblong vessel made of bark, by tying up the ends with awithe."Cooke's Description of Botany Bay.
[6]"Me thou shalt use in what thou wilt, and doe that with a slendertwist, that none can doe with a toughwith."
Euphues and his England, p. 136.
"They had arms under the straw in the boats, and had cut thewithesthat held the oars of the town boats, to prevent any pursuit."
Ludlow's Memoirs, p. 435.
"The only furniture belonging to the houses, appears to be an oblong vessel made of bark, by tying up the ends with awithe."
Cooke's Description of Botany Bay.
[7]See Galatians, chap. 1, verse 15. "When it pleased God, whoseparatedme," &c.
[7]See Galatians, chap. 1, verse 15. "When it pleased God, whoseparatedme," &c.
[8]Acts, xvii, 28.
[8]Acts, xvii, 28.
[9]St. Pierre's Studies of Nature.—Dr. Hunter's translation, pp. 172-176.
[9]St. Pierre's Studies of Nature.—Dr. Hunter's translation, pp. 172-176.
[10]It is reported on very good authority that the same olive trees are now standing in the garden of Gethsemane under which the Saviour wept and near which he was betrayed. This is rendered more probable from the fact, that a tax is laid, by the Ottoman Porte, on all olive trees planted since Palestine passed into the possession of the Turks, and that several trees standing in Gethsemane do not pay such tribute, while all others do.
[10]It is reported on very good authority that the same olive trees are now standing in the garden of Gethsemane under which the Saviour wept and near which he was betrayed. This is rendered more probable from the fact, that a tax is laid, by the Ottoman Porte, on all olive trees planted since Palestine passed into the possession of the Turks, and that several trees standing in Gethsemane do not pay such tribute, while all others do.
[11]We do not assent to the notions of ancient philosophers and poets, who believed the doctrine that the world is animated by a soul, like the human body, which is the spirit of Deity himself; but that by the operation of wise and perfect laws, he exerts a supervision in the creation and preservation of all things animate and inanimate. Virgil stated the opinions of his times, in his Æneid, B. VI. l. 724."Principio cœlum, ac terras, camposque liquentes,Lucentemque globum, Lunæ, Titaniaque astraSpiritus intus alit, totamque infusa per artusMens agitat molem, et magno se corpore miscet.""Know, first, that heaven, and earth's compacted frame,And flowing waters, and the starry flame,And both the radiant lights,one common soulInspires and feeds—andanimates the whole.This active mind, infused thro all the space,Unites and mingles with the mighty mass."Dryden, b.VI. l. 980.This sentiment, he probably borrowed from Pythagoras and Plato, who argue the same sentiment, and divide this spirit into "intellectus,intelligentia, etnatura"—intellectual, intelligent, and natural. Whence, "Ex hoc Deo, qui est mundi anima: quasi decerptæ particulæ sunt vitæ hominum et pecudum." Or, "Omnia animalia ex quatuor elementis etdivino spirituconstare manifestum est. Trahunt enim a terra carnem, ab aqua humorem, ab ære anhelitum, ab igne fervorem,a divino spiritu ingenium."—Timeus, chap. 24, and Virgil's Geor. b. 4, l. 220, Dryden's trans. l. 322.Pope alludes to the same opinion in these lines:"All are but parts of one stupendous whole.Whose body nature is, and God the soul."
[11]We do not assent to the notions of ancient philosophers and poets, who believed the doctrine that the world is animated by a soul, like the human body, which is the spirit of Deity himself; but that by the operation of wise and perfect laws, he exerts a supervision in the creation and preservation of all things animate and inanimate. Virgil stated the opinions of his times, in his Æneid, B. VI. l. 724.
"Principio cœlum, ac terras, camposque liquentes,Lucentemque globum, Lunæ, Titaniaque astraSpiritus intus alit, totamque infusa per artusMens agitat molem, et magno se corpore miscet."
"Principio cœlum, ac terras, camposque liquentes,Lucentemque globum, Lunæ, Titaniaque astraSpiritus intus alit, totamque infusa per artusMens agitat molem, et magno se corpore miscet."
"Know, first, that heaven, and earth's compacted frame,And flowing waters, and the starry flame,And both the radiant lights,one common soulInspires and feeds—andanimates the whole.This active mind, infused thro all the space,Unites and mingles with the mighty mass."Dryden, b.VI. l. 980.
"Know, first, that heaven, and earth's compacted frame,And flowing waters, and the starry flame,And both the radiant lights,one common soulInspires and feeds—andanimates the whole.This active mind, infused thro all the space,Unites and mingles with the mighty mass."
Dryden, b.VI. l. 980.
This sentiment, he probably borrowed from Pythagoras and Plato, who argue the same sentiment, and divide this spirit into "intellectus,intelligentia, etnatura"—intellectual, intelligent, and natural. Whence, "Ex hoc Deo, qui est mundi anima: quasi decerptæ particulæ sunt vitæ hominum et pecudum." Or, "Omnia animalia ex quatuor elementis etdivino spirituconstare manifestum est. Trahunt enim a terra carnem, ab aqua humorem, ab ære anhelitum, ab igne fervorem,a divino spiritu ingenium."—Timeus, chap. 24, and Virgil's Geor. b. 4, l. 220, Dryden's trans. l. 322.
Pope alludes to the same opinion in these lines:
"All are but parts of one stupendous whole.Whose body nature is, and God the soul."
"All are but parts of one stupendous whole.Whose body nature is, and God the soul."
[12]Page 41.
[12]Page 41.
[13]Exodus, iii. 2, 3.
[13]Exodus, iii. 2, 3.
[14]Cardell's grammar.
[14]Cardell's grammar.
[15]The Jews long preserved this name in Samaritan letters to keep it from being known to strangers. The modern Jews affirm that by this mysterious name, engraven on his rod, Moses performed the wonders recorded of him; that Jesus stole the name from the temple and put it into his thigh between the flesh and skin, and by its power accomplished the miracles attributed to him. They think if they could pronounce the word correctly, the very heavens and earth would tremble, and angels be filled with terror.
[15]The Jews long preserved this name in Samaritan letters to keep it from being known to strangers. The modern Jews affirm that by this mysterious name, engraven on his rod, Moses performed the wonders recorded of him; that Jesus stole the name from the temple and put it into his thigh between the flesh and skin, and by its power accomplished the miracles attributed to him. They think if they could pronounce the word correctly, the very heavens and earth would tremble, and angels be filled with terror.
[16]Plutarch says, "This title is not onlyproperbutpeculiar to God, becauseHealone isbeing; for mortals have no participation oftrue being, because that whichbeginsandends, and is constantlychanging, is neveronenor thesame, nor in the same state. The deity on whose temple this word was inscribed was calledApollo, Apollon, fromanegative andpollus,many, because God isone, his nature simple, anduncompounded."—Vide, Clark's Com.
[16]Plutarch says, "This title is not onlyproperbutpeculiar to God, becauseHealone isbeing; for mortals have no participation oftrue being, because that whichbeginsandends, and is constantlychanging, is neveronenor thesame, nor in the same state. The deity on whose temple this word was inscribed was calledApollo, Apollon, fromanegative andpollus,many, because God isone, his nature simple, anduncompounded."—Vide, Clark's Com.
[17]The same fact may be observed in other languages, for all people form language alike, in a way to correspond with their ideas. The following hasty examples will illustrate this point.Agent.Verb.Object.EnglishSingersSingSongsFrenchLes chanteursChantentLes chansonsSpanishLos cantoresCantanLas cantinelasItalianI cantoriCantanoI cantiLatinCantoresCanuntCantusEnglishGiversGiveGiftsFrenchLes donneursDonnentLes donsSpanishLos donadoresDan o donanLos donesItalianI danatoriDano o dananoI doniLatinDatoresDonantDonaEnglishFishersFishFishesFrenchLes pecheursPechentLes poissonsSpanishLos pescadoresPescanLos pecesItalianI pescatoriPescanI pesciLatinPiscatoresPiscanturPiscesEnglishStudentsStudyStudiesFrenchLes etudiensEtudientLes etudesSpanishLos estudiantesEstudianLos estudiosItalianI studientiStudianoI studiiLatinStudiosiStudentStudia
[17]The same fact may be observed in other languages, for all people form language alike, in a way to correspond with their ideas. The following hasty examples will illustrate this point.
Agent.Verb.Object.EnglishSingersSingSongsFrenchLes chanteursChantentLes chansonsSpanishLos cantoresCantanLas cantinelasItalianI cantoriCantanoI cantiLatinCantoresCanuntCantusEnglishGiversGiveGiftsFrenchLes donneursDonnentLes donsSpanishLos donadoresDan o donanLos donesItalianI danatoriDano o dananoI doniLatinDatoresDonantDonaEnglishFishersFishFishesFrenchLes pecheursPechentLes poissonsSpanishLos pescadoresPescanLos pecesItalianI pescatoriPescanI pesciLatinPiscatoresPiscanturPiscesEnglishStudentsStudyStudiesFrenchLes etudiensEtudientLes etudesSpanishLos estudiantesEstudianLos estudiosItalianI studientiStudianoI studiiLatinStudiosiStudentStudia
[18]Mr. Murray says, "These compounds,"have,shall,will,may,can,must,had,might,could,would, andshould, which he uses as auxiliaries tohelpconjugateotherverbs, "are, however, to be considered asdifferent formsof thesameverb." I should like to know, if these words have any thing to do with theprincipalverbs; if they only alter theformof the verb which follows them. Imay,can,must,shall,will, ordo love. Are these only different forms oflove? or rather, are they not distinct, important, and original verbs, pure and perfectinandofthemselves? Ask for their etymons and meaning, and then decide.
[18]Mr. Murray says, "These compounds,"have,shall,will,may,can,must,had,might,could,would, andshould, which he uses as auxiliaries tohelpconjugateotherverbs, "are, however, to be considered asdifferent formsof thesameverb." I should like to know, if these words have any thing to do with theprincipalverbs; if they only alter theformof the verb which follows them. Imay,can,must,shall,will, ordo love. Are these only different forms oflove? or rather, are they not distinct, important, and original verbs, pure and perfectinandofthemselves? Ask for their etymons and meaning, and then decide.
[19]Diversions of Purley, vol. 1, p. 77.
[19]Diversions of Purley, vol. 1, p. 77.
[20]Dr. Edwards observes, in a communication to the Connecticut Society of Arts and Sciences, from personal knowledge, that "the Mohegans (Indians) haveno adjectivesin all their language. Altho it may at first seem not only singular and curious, but impossible, that a language should exist without adjectives, yet it is an indubitable fact." But it is proved that in later times the Indians employ adjectives, derived from nouns or verbs, as well as other nations. Altho many of their dialects are copious and harmonious, yet they suffered no inconvenience from a want of contracted words and phrases. They added the ideas of definition and description to the things themselves, and expressed them in thesameword, in a modified form.
[20]Dr. Edwards observes, in a communication to the Connecticut Society of Arts and Sciences, from personal knowledge, that "the Mohegans (Indians) haveno adjectivesin all their language. Altho it may at first seem not only singular and curious, but impossible, that a language should exist without adjectives, yet it is an indubitable fact." But it is proved that in later times the Indians employ adjectives, derived from nouns or verbs, as well as other nations. Altho many of their dialects are copious and harmonious, yet they suffered no inconvenience from a want of contracted words and phrases. They added the ideas of definition and description to the things themselves, and expressed them in thesameword, in a modified form.
[21]Matthew, chap. 24, v. 48.
[21]Matthew, chap. 24, v. 48.
[22]Examples of adis-junctive conjunction. "They came with her,butthey went without her."—Murray.Murray iswrong,andCardell isright. The simplifiers are wrong,buttheir standard is so likewise."Me he restored to my office,andhim he hanged."—Pharaoh's Letter.
[22]Examples of adis-junctive conjunction. "They came with her,butthey went without her."—Murray.
Murray iswrong,andCardell isright. The simplifiers are wrong,buttheir standard is so likewise.
"Me he restored to my office,andhim he hanged."—Pharaoh's Letter.