Chapter 17

FOOTNOTES:[1]Peter Collinson, 1674-1768; a London woolen draper, and a correspondent of Bartram, who was the earliest native-born American botanist.[2]Charles Loring Brace, son of J. P. Brace. Eminent as founder of the Children’s Aid Society, New York.[3]The result was published inWalks and Talks of an American Farmer in England, written by his companion, Frederic Law Olmsted.[4]Ludolf Christian Treviranus, 1779-1864; professor of botany in Bonn.[5]J. B. G. W. Fresenius, M. D., 1808-1866. Wrote many contributions to mycology.[6]William Philip Schimper, 1808-1880; an eminent bryologist and paleontologist.[7]Alexander Braun, 1805-1877; a distinguished botanist, the early companion of Agassiz at Heidelberg; professor at Berlin. “As an investigator he stood in the front rank among the botanists of our time” [A. G.].[8]Charles Henry Godet, 1797-1879; author of theFlora of the Jura.[9]F. A. W. Miquel, 1812-1871; director of the Amsterdam herbarium and professor of botany, Utrecht.[10]William H. De Vriese, 1806-1862; professor in the University of Leyden; author of many important works and memoirs.[11]Charles Louis Blume, 1796-1866; in charge of the Colonial Botanic Gardens at Java; later curator of the herbarium of the Royal Museum at Leyden.[12]Philip Franz Siebold, 1796-1866. WroteFlora Japonica. He brought from Japan a large collection of curios when the country was rarely opened to a foreigner, and at the risk of his life.[13]Nathaniel Wallich, 1789-1854, a Dane by birth; a distinguished East Indian botanist.[14]Richard Congreve, fellow and tutor of Wadham. Among his many publications isThe Translation of the Catechism of Positive Religion.[15]Thomas Thompson, 1817-1878; son of the distinguished chemist of Glasgow; explorer and traveler in India; director of the Calcutta Botanic Garden.[16]François André Michaux, 1770-1856; son of André Michaux, who traveled in North America from 1785 to 1796. WroteForest Trees of North America.[17]François Delessert, brother of Benjamin. Died 1868. Liberal patron of arts and sciences.[18]Louis René Tulasne, 1815; aide naturaliste at the Museum at Paris.[19]Charles Naudin; now director of the Jardin d’Acclimitation at Antibes.[20]Auguste Trécul, Paris; writer on Vegetable Histology.[21]Heinrich Rudolph August Grisebach, 1813-1879. Hannover and Göttingen. Professor of botany in the university. “A prominent and voluminous systematic botanist. His most important work a treatise on the Vegetation of the Earth.” [A. G.].[22]Died 1892, much lamented.[23]Arthur Hugh Clough, 1819-1861. The poet was resident in America from November, 1852, to June, 1853.[24]It also often has the distribution of a certain number of public documents of scientific value. I am about to ask its secretary to procure for you, if possible, a copy of Frémont’s two reports, which you desire,—if too late to procure it gratis, as I fear, to purchase the volume at my expense.—A. G.[25]Thaddeus Wm. Harris, 1795-1856; librarian of Harvard College and a distinguished entomologist.[26]Dr. Gray sent to Kew manilla paper for the genus covers in the herbarium.[27]George Thurber, 1821-1890; born in Providence; botanist to the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey Commission; then in the Assay Office in New York; later, editor of theAmerican Agriculturist; a student of grasses.[28]From a letter to Sir W. J. Hooker: “Curious that this correspondence, after lying so long, should at length be printed and published in New England.”—A. G.[29]Charles W. Short, M. D., 1794-1862; professor of materia medica in the University of Transylvania, Lexington, Ky. Removed later to Louisville. Dr. Gray named for him Shortia galacifolia, discovered in Michaux’s herbarium in Paris, in 1839.[30]On the 2d July, 1872, Dr. Gray saw the Calaveras and Mariposa groves. In the Calaveras Grove he counted, with one of his fellow-travelers, the rings and took measurements of the fallen tree “Hercules.” His memoranda of the size, etc., were:—Height when standing was 315 feet.A section at 21 feet from ground was 6 feet 10½ inches radius, on the line counted.LayersRate of growth.Counted on it1,500First century10¼in. radiusUncounted sapwood (est.)30“400 years27¼“““centre“10Last century3½““Growth to 21 feet“10Last 400 years14““Estimated age (years)1550[31]First Lessons in Botany.[32]Isaac F. Holton, M. D., 1813-1874; teacher and professor of natural science in Vermont, and missionary pastor in Illinois. Published in 1857New Granada, Twenty Months in the Andes.[33]A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States, with Remarks on their Economy.By Frederic Law Olmsted. New York, 1856.[34]William Darlington, M. D., 1782-1863, of West Chester, Penn.; author ofFlora Cestrica, “one of the best of local Floras,” andMemorials of Bartram and Marshall, etc. “A most faithful botanist. His forte was the clear and accurate description of plants” [A. G.].[35]Thomas Potts James, 1804-1882. Born in Radnor, Penn. A proficient and authority in bryology.[36]First Lessons.[37]How Plants Grow.Sir Joseph Hooker inNature, February 16, 1888, says ofHow Plants GrowandHow Plants Behave, “that for charm of matter and style they have no equal in botanical literature.”[38]Daniel Cady Eaton, professor of botany at Yale.[39]Botanical Gazette, March, 1888.[40]Memoir of Dr. Gray, American Academy, 1888.[41]Scientific Papers of Asa Gray, vol. ii.[42]How Plants Grow.[43]William Munro, 1816-1880; general in British army. “The most accomplished agrostologist of our day” [A. G.].[44]Edward Tatnall, b. 1822, Wilmington, Del.; author of a catalogue of plants of Newcastle County, Delaware.[45]A quotation from Butler’sAnalogy, on the use of the word “natural,” which in the second edition is placed with the passages from Whewell and Bacon, on p. ii., opposite the title-page.[46]Reviews of Darwin’sOrigin of Species—Darwiniana.[47]L. J. Xantus de Vesey. Collected at Fort Tejon in 1857-1859 for the Smithsonian Institution.[48]Charles C. Parry, M. D., 1823-1890. Born in England, came to America in 1832. Explored and collected on the Mexican boundary, in the Rocky Mountains and in California. Died in Davenport, Iowa,—where is his herbarium.[49]Berthold Seemann, 1825-1871; editor of theJournal of Botany, British and Foreign, etc., etc.[50]The dinner after the capture of Mason and Slidell.[51]President C. C. Felton.[52]J. Trimble Rothrock, of McVeytown, Pennsylvania, b. 1839; botanist of Wheeler’s Survey of the United States Expedition to Alaska; late professor in the University of Pennsylvania.[53]“Memoirs of Augustin Pyramus De Candolle,”Am. Jour. Sci., xxxv. 1-10.[54]Dr. Jeffries Wyman.[55]The Antiquity of Man.[56]There was a rough sketch of the disk, etc., in the margin.[57]Dr. Gray enlisted and drilled with a company raised for service in Massachusetts.[58]Oswald Heer, 1809-1883; born in canton St. Gall, Switzerland; professor of botany at Zurich. “The most distinguished paleontological botanist of our time” [A. G.].[59]William H. Brewer; botanist of the survey of California; professor in the Sheffield Scientific School, New Haven.[60]The assassination of President Lincoln.[61]Scientific Papers of Asa Gray, selected by C. S. Sargent, vol. ii. p. 321; also inAmerican Journal Science and Arts, 2 ser., xli. p. 1 (1866).[62]Johann Nils Andersson, 1821; professor of botany at Stockholm.[63]The portrait is in the herbarium of the Museum at Stockholm.[64]A. W. Chapman, b. 1809. Southampton, Mass. Residing at Apalachicola, Fla.; author of theFlora of the Southern States.[65]Horace Mann, 1844-1868. Made large collections in the Sandwich Islands. Wrote “Enumeration of Hawaiian Plants,”Proceedings American Academy, 1866.[66]George W. Clinton, 1807-1885; author ofA Catalogue of the Native and Naturalized Plants of the City of Buffalo, and its vicinity.[67]A set of questions on expression, etc.[68]Coe F. Austin, 1832-1880; especially devoted to the study of Hepaticæ.[69]William M. Canby, of Wilmington, Delaware.[70]Presidential address by George Bentham, meeting of the Linnæan Society, May 24, 1867.[71]The Variation of Plants and Animals under Domestication, by Charles Darwin: London, 1868. Republished byAmerican Agriculturist: New York.[72]Charles Frederic Martins, M. D., 1806-1889; professor of botany and director of the Botanic Garden at Montpellier.[73]Jules Emile Planchon, 1823-1888; professor at Montpellier; author of important works on Systematic Botany and Morphology. Studied Phylloxera.[74]Gustave Thuret, 1810-1875. “One of the best investigators of Algæ; established a remarkable botanical garden at Antibes” [A. G.].[75]John Traherne Moggridge, 1842-1874; a keen naturalist. Wrote on the botany of Mentone, and on harvesting ants and trap-door spiders.[76]Edouard Naville, of Geneva; distinguished Egyptologist; since 1883 the representative of the Egyptian Exploration fund.[77]Von Martius died in March, 1869.[78]Boat-race between Harvard and Oxford.[79]Maxwell T. Masters; editor ofGardener’s Chronicle; author ofVegetable Teratology.[80]William Carruthers; botanist of the British Museum, London.[81]Johannes Müller (Argoviensis); late director of the Botanic Garden at Geneva. Has written largely on Lichens.[82]Sir William Henry Flower, M. D., London; curator of the Hunterian Museum. Succeeded Owen as director of the British Museum of Natural History.[83]George Rolleston, M. D., 1829-1881; professor of anatomy and physiology at Oxford.[84]Sermon preached in Westminster Abbey, at the consecration of the new bishop of Salisbury.[85]Dr. Gray’s black and tan terrier, his loving companion for twelve years.[86]Theodore Caruel, professor in Florence.[87]Ernest Cosson, 1819-1890. Wrote theFlora of Algiersand theFlora of the Environs of Paris.[88]The Descent of Man.[89]Mr. Church had been appointed dean of St. Paul’s, London.[90]How Plants Behave.[91]“Sequoia and its History; the Relations of North American to Northeast Asian and to Tertiary Vegetation,” inDarwiniana, pp. 205-235.[92]“An able philosophical writer, Miss Frances Power Cobbe, has recently and truthfully said:—“‘It is a singular fact that when we can find out how anything is done, our first conclusion seems to be, God did not do it. No matter how wonderful, how beautiful, how intimately complex and delicate has been the machinery which has worked perhaps for centuries, perhaps for millions of ages, to bring about some beneficent result, if we can but catch a glimpse of the wheels, its divine character disappears.’“I agree with the writer that this first conclusion is premature and unworthy, I will add deplorable. Through what faults and infirmities of dogmatism on the one hand, and skepticism on the other, it came to be so thought, we need not here consider. Let us hope, and I confidently expect, that it is not to last; that the religious faith which survived without a shock the notion of the fixity of the earth itself may equally outlast the notion of the absolute fixity of the species which inhabit it; that in the future, even more than in the past, faith in an order, which is the basis of science, will not, as it cannot reasonably, be dissevered from faith in an Ordainer, which is the basis of religion.”—“Sequoia and its History,” inDarwiniana, p. 205.[93]This was the beginning of summer schools in Harvard University.[94]“Life of Charles Darwin,” inNature, June 4, 1874.[95]See vol. xxxiv. n. ser., November, 1862, pp. 428, 429.—A. G.[96]Moses Ashley Curtis, D. D., 1808-1872. Born in Charlestown, Mass.; early removed to the South; lived near Hillsboro, N. C. His botanical studies were largely on Fungi.[97]Rev. G. Frederick Wright, then a clergyman at Andover, Mass., now professor at Oberlin, Ohio.[98]The book was published with Mr. Wright’s assistance.[99]Review ofDarwin’s Insectivorous and Climbing Plants, inThe Nation, Nos. 549 and 550.[100]The afterwards famous designer of yachts.[101]T. S. Brandegee. Engaged on railroad surveys in Colorado and Washington territories and the Northern Pacific. At present living in San Francisco.[102]The bad railroad strikes of the summer of 1877.[103]J. G. Lemmon; late botanist of the California State Board of Forestry; author of a report on California Conifers.[104]The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species.[105]Photograph of camp on Rocky Mountains, La Veta Pass, with the best photographic likenesses, perhaps, ever taken of Sir J. D. Hooker and Dr. Gray; and including General and Mrs. Strachey, Dr. Hayden, and Captain Stevenson.[106]Articles in the New YorkIndependent, signed “Country Reader,” by Dr. Gray.[107]At a memorial meeting held in honor of Professor Henry by the Board of Regents and both Houses of Congress, in the Hall of the House of Representatives, January 16, 1879, Dr. Gray read a Biographical Memorial of Joseph Henry, in behalf of the Board of Regents.[108]Heinrich Ludwig Muhlenberg, 1756-1817; a Lutheran preacher in Lancaster, Penn.; published aCatalogue of North American Plants, and aDescription of North American Grasses.[109]James Watson Robbins, M. D., 1807-1879; physician at Uxbridge, Mass. “A most critical student of the botany of New England and northern United States, and especially of the Potamogetons” [A. G.].[110]Edward Palmer; has collected largely in southern Florida and Mexico.[111]“Dr. Gray, with Mr. Cowles and some of the neighbors, had gone up Negro Mountain. He found on the top the plant he expected, a Saxifraga, made out the narrow ravine he had explored thirty-six years ago, found it, and in its same spot the rare plant (an Aconite) he had then discovered, rarely seen growing since, and so came back triumphant.”—Extract from Mrs. Gray’s journal.[112]Howard Shriver, M. D., formerly at Wyethville, Va., now at Cumberland, Md.[113]John A. C. Roeper, 1800-1884; director and professor in the Botanic Garden at Bâle; removed to Rostock, Prussia, as professor, before 1840.[114]The Yale Lectures.[115]Alphonse Lavallée, 1835-1884. Paris. “His specialty, ornamental trees and shrubs, of which he had nearly the largest and best collection in Europe, studying them with assiduity” [A. G.].[116]Dr. C. H. Schultz [Bipontinus], 1805-1867. Rhenish Bavaria. A distinguished botanist, who devoted himself to Compositæ, and amassed an extremely rich herbarium in that family.[117]Willdenow’s Asters were sent over to me here!—A. G.[118]Pietro Andrea Saccardo; professor at Padua.[119]Otto Penzig, M. D.; formerly assistant professor at Padua, now professor at Genoa.[120]Seen first in 1850, with its temporary roof and bases of towers.[121]Samuel B. Parish, San Bernardino, Cal.[122]William Cusick, Crowell, Oregon.[123]C. G. Pringle; for many years has explored the botany of Mexico.[124]Contemporary Review, xli.[125]J. Hammond Trumbull, of Hartford, Conn.; a great authority on Indian languages and customs, and author of many contributions, historical and philological. Perhaps the only American scholar able to read Eliot’s Bible.[126]The birth of the Dean’s first grandchild.[127]Dr. Gray went to New York to finish his sittings to St. Gaudens for the bronze bas-relief now in the herbarium at Cambridge.[128]“Characteristics of the North American Flora,”American Journal of Science, ser. 3, vol. xxviii, p. 323; also inScientific Papers of A. Gray, selected by C. S. Sargent.[129]Sir William Thomson, Lord Kelvin,—the distinguished physicist.[130]The inkstand is now placed in the library of the herbarium with Sir William J. Hooker’s hand-glass, so much used by Dr. Gray.[131]Daniel Morris, assistant director of the Royal Gardens, Kew.[132]Matteo Botteri, died in 1885. Sent to Mexico by London Horticultural Society. Made fine collections, especially about Orizaba, where he settled.[133]General John Bidwell was the Prohibition candidate for the Presidency in 1892.[134]Named the Sir Joseph Hooker Oak.[135]American Journal of Science, 3 ser. xxxi, 12.—1886. Reprinted inScientific Papers, selected by C. S. Sargent, vol. ii. p. 468.[136]Josef Mariano Mocino. Was on the coast of California in 1792. Botanized in Mexico, especially in the northern part. His drawings, brought to Europe after the death of Sessé, were left with Aug. Pyr. de Candolle. When suddenly reclaimed they were copied for him by the united labors of the ladies of Geneva.[137]William Trelease, St. Louis; professor of botany at Washington University, and director of Missouri Botanical Garden.[138]Thomas Coulter. Little is known of him. He explored in Mexico many years and in California in 1831 and 1832. Was appointed Curator of the herbarium of the Dublin Botanic Garden, where he died in 1843.[139]John Goldie, 1793-1886. Traveled in North America, 1817 to 1820, collecting plants. After his return to Scotland emigrated to Ayr, Ontario, 1844, where he died.[140]Dr. Gray returned for this last book to the title of his first book, published in 1836,Elements of Botany.[141]Eduard Süss; professor of paleontology at Vienna.[142]A. W. Eichler, 1839-1887; succeeded Alexander Braun at Berlin.[143]Henry John Elwes, author of the sumptuous monograph of the genus Lilium.[144]Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, 1823-1889; professor of botany at Hamburg, and an authority on orchids.

FOOTNOTES:

[1]Peter Collinson, 1674-1768; a London woolen draper, and a correspondent of Bartram, who was the earliest native-born American botanist.

[2]Charles Loring Brace, son of J. P. Brace. Eminent as founder of the Children’s Aid Society, New York.

[3]The result was published inWalks and Talks of an American Farmer in England, written by his companion, Frederic Law Olmsted.

[4]Ludolf Christian Treviranus, 1779-1864; professor of botany in Bonn.

[5]J. B. G. W. Fresenius, M. D., 1808-1866. Wrote many contributions to mycology.

[6]William Philip Schimper, 1808-1880; an eminent bryologist and paleontologist.

[7]Alexander Braun, 1805-1877; a distinguished botanist, the early companion of Agassiz at Heidelberg; professor at Berlin. “As an investigator he stood in the front rank among the botanists of our time” [A. G.].

[8]Charles Henry Godet, 1797-1879; author of theFlora of the Jura.

[9]F. A. W. Miquel, 1812-1871; director of the Amsterdam herbarium and professor of botany, Utrecht.

[10]William H. De Vriese, 1806-1862; professor in the University of Leyden; author of many important works and memoirs.

[11]Charles Louis Blume, 1796-1866; in charge of the Colonial Botanic Gardens at Java; later curator of the herbarium of the Royal Museum at Leyden.

[12]Philip Franz Siebold, 1796-1866. WroteFlora Japonica. He brought from Japan a large collection of curios when the country was rarely opened to a foreigner, and at the risk of his life.

[13]Nathaniel Wallich, 1789-1854, a Dane by birth; a distinguished East Indian botanist.

[14]Richard Congreve, fellow and tutor of Wadham. Among his many publications isThe Translation of the Catechism of Positive Religion.

[15]Thomas Thompson, 1817-1878; son of the distinguished chemist of Glasgow; explorer and traveler in India; director of the Calcutta Botanic Garden.

[16]François André Michaux, 1770-1856; son of André Michaux, who traveled in North America from 1785 to 1796. WroteForest Trees of North America.

[17]François Delessert, brother of Benjamin. Died 1868. Liberal patron of arts and sciences.

[18]Louis René Tulasne, 1815; aide naturaliste at the Museum at Paris.

[19]Charles Naudin; now director of the Jardin d’Acclimitation at Antibes.

[20]Auguste Trécul, Paris; writer on Vegetable Histology.

[21]Heinrich Rudolph August Grisebach, 1813-1879. Hannover and Göttingen. Professor of botany in the university. “A prominent and voluminous systematic botanist. His most important work a treatise on the Vegetation of the Earth.” [A. G.].

[22]Died 1892, much lamented.

[23]Arthur Hugh Clough, 1819-1861. The poet was resident in America from November, 1852, to June, 1853.

[24]It also often has the distribution of a certain number of public documents of scientific value. I am about to ask its secretary to procure for you, if possible, a copy of Frémont’s two reports, which you desire,—if too late to procure it gratis, as I fear, to purchase the volume at my expense.—A. G.

[25]Thaddeus Wm. Harris, 1795-1856; librarian of Harvard College and a distinguished entomologist.

[26]Dr. Gray sent to Kew manilla paper for the genus covers in the herbarium.

[27]George Thurber, 1821-1890; born in Providence; botanist to the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey Commission; then in the Assay Office in New York; later, editor of theAmerican Agriculturist; a student of grasses.

[28]From a letter to Sir W. J. Hooker: “Curious that this correspondence, after lying so long, should at length be printed and published in New England.”—A. G.

[29]Charles W. Short, M. D., 1794-1862; professor of materia medica in the University of Transylvania, Lexington, Ky. Removed later to Louisville. Dr. Gray named for him Shortia galacifolia, discovered in Michaux’s herbarium in Paris, in 1839.

[30]On the 2d July, 1872, Dr. Gray saw the Calaveras and Mariposa groves. In the Calaveras Grove he counted, with one of his fellow-travelers, the rings and took measurements of the fallen tree “Hercules.” His memoranda of the size, etc., were:—Height when standing was 315 feet.A section at 21 feet from ground was 6 feet 10½ inches radius, on the line counted.LayersRate of growth.Counted on it1,500First century10¼in. radiusUncounted sapwood (est.)30“400 years27¼“““centre“10Last century3½““Growth to 21 feet“10Last 400 years14““Estimated age (years)1550

Height when standing was 315 feet.

A section at 21 feet from ground was 6 feet 10½ inches radius, on the line counted.

[31]First Lessons in Botany.

[32]Isaac F. Holton, M. D., 1813-1874; teacher and professor of natural science in Vermont, and missionary pastor in Illinois. Published in 1857New Granada, Twenty Months in the Andes.

[33]A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States, with Remarks on their Economy.By Frederic Law Olmsted. New York, 1856.

[34]William Darlington, M. D., 1782-1863, of West Chester, Penn.; author ofFlora Cestrica, “one of the best of local Floras,” andMemorials of Bartram and Marshall, etc. “A most faithful botanist. His forte was the clear and accurate description of plants” [A. G.].

[35]Thomas Potts James, 1804-1882. Born in Radnor, Penn. A proficient and authority in bryology.

[36]First Lessons.

[37]How Plants Grow.Sir Joseph Hooker inNature, February 16, 1888, says ofHow Plants GrowandHow Plants Behave, “that for charm of matter and style they have no equal in botanical literature.”

[38]Daniel Cady Eaton, professor of botany at Yale.

[39]Botanical Gazette, March, 1888.

[40]Memoir of Dr. Gray, American Academy, 1888.

[41]Scientific Papers of Asa Gray, vol. ii.

[42]How Plants Grow.

[43]William Munro, 1816-1880; general in British army. “The most accomplished agrostologist of our day” [A. G.].

[44]Edward Tatnall, b. 1822, Wilmington, Del.; author of a catalogue of plants of Newcastle County, Delaware.

[45]A quotation from Butler’sAnalogy, on the use of the word “natural,” which in the second edition is placed with the passages from Whewell and Bacon, on p. ii., opposite the title-page.

[46]Reviews of Darwin’sOrigin of Species—Darwiniana.

[47]L. J. Xantus de Vesey. Collected at Fort Tejon in 1857-1859 for the Smithsonian Institution.

[48]Charles C. Parry, M. D., 1823-1890. Born in England, came to America in 1832. Explored and collected on the Mexican boundary, in the Rocky Mountains and in California. Died in Davenport, Iowa,—where is his herbarium.

[49]Berthold Seemann, 1825-1871; editor of theJournal of Botany, British and Foreign, etc., etc.

[50]The dinner after the capture of Mason and Slidell.

[51]President C. C. Felton.

[52]J. Trimble Rothrock, of McVeytown, Pennsylvania, b. 1839; botanist of Wheeler’s Survey of the United States Expedition to Alaska; late professor in the University of Pennsylvania.

[53]“Memoirs of Augustin Pyramus De Candolle,”Am. Jour. Sci., xxxv. 1-10.

[54]Dr. Jeffries Wyman.

[55]The Antiquity of Man.

[56]There was a rough sketch of the disk, etc., in the margin.

[57]Dr. Gray enlisted and drilled with a company raised for service in Massachusetts.

[58]Oswald Heer, 1809-1883; born in canton St. Gall, Switzerland; professor of botany at Zurich. “The most distinguished paleontological botanist of our time” [A. G.].

[59]William H. Brewer; botanist of the survey of California; professor in the Sheffield Scientific School, New Haven.

[60]The assassination of President Lincoln.

[61]Scientific Papers of Asa Gray, selected by C. S. Sargent, vol. ii. p. 321; also inAmerican Journal Science and Arts, 2 ser., xli. p. 1 (1866).

[62]Johann Nils Andersson, 1821; professor of botany at Stockholm.

[63]The portrait is in the herbarium of the Museum at Stockholm.

[64]A. W. Chapman, b. 1809. Southampton, Mass. Residing at Apalachicola, Fla.; author of theFlora of the Southern States.

[65]Horace Mann, 1844-1868. Made large collections in the Sandwich Islands. Wrote “Enumeration of Hawaiian Plants,”Proceedings American Academy, 1866.

[66]George W. Clinton, 1807-1885; author ofA Catalogue of the Native and Naturalized Plants of the City of Buffalo, and its vicinity.

[67]A set of questions on expression, etc.

[68]Coe F. Austin, 1832-1880; especially devoted to the study of Hepaticæ.

[69]William M. Canby, of Wilmington, Delaware.

[70]Presidential address by George Bentham, meeting of the Linnæan Society, May 24, 1867.

[71]The Variation of Plants and Animals under Domestication, by Charles Darwin: London, 1868. Republished byAmerican Agriculturist: New York.

[72]Charles Frederic Martins, M. D., 1806-1889; professor of botany and director of the Botanic Garden at Montpellier.

[73]Jules Emile Planchon, 1823-1888; professor at Montpellier; author of important works on Systematic Botany and Morphology. Studied Phylloxera.

[74]Gustave Thuret, 1810-1875. “One of the best investigators of Algæ; established a remarkable botanical garden at Antibes” [A. G.].

[75]John Traherne Moggridge, 1842-1874; a keen naturalist. Wrote on the botany of Mentone, and on harvesting ants and trap-door spiders.

[76]Edouard Naville, of Geneva; distinguished Egyptologist; since 1883 the representative of the Egyptian Exploration fund.

[77]Von Martius died in March, 1869.

[78]Boat-race between Harvard and Oxford.

[79]Maxwell T. Masters; editor ofGardener’s Chronicle; author ofVegetable Teratology.

[80]William Carruthers; botanist of the British Museum, London.

[81]Johannes Müller (Argoviensis); late director of the Botanic Garden at Geneva. Has written largely on Lichens.

[82]Sir William Henry Flower, M. D., London; curator of the Hunterian Museum. Succeeded Owen as director of the British Museum of Natural History.

[83]George Rolleston, M. D., 1829-1881; professor of anatomy and physiology at Oxford.

[84]Sermon preached in Westminster Abbey, at the consecration of the new bishop of Salisbury.

[85]Dr. Gray’s black and tan terrier, his loving companion for twelve years.

[86]Theodore Caruel, professor in Florence.

[87]Ernest Cosson, 1819-1890. Wrote theFlora of Algiersand theFlora of the Environs of Paris.

[88]The Descent of Man.

[89]Mr. Church had been appointed dean of St. Paul’s, London.

[90]How Plants Behave.

[91]“Sequoia and its History; the Relations of North American to Northeast Asian and to Tertiary Vegetation,” inDarwiniana, pp. 205-235.

[92]“An able philosophical writer, Miss Frances Power Cobbe, has recently and truthfully said:—“‘It is a singular fact that when we can find out how anything is done, our first conclusion seems to be, God did not do it. No matter how wonderful, how beautiful, how intimately complex and delicate has been the machinery which has worked perhaps for centuries, perhaps for millions of ages, to bring about some beneficent result, if we can but catch a glimpse of the wheels, its divine character disappears.’“I agree with the writer that this first conclusion is premature and unworthy, I will add deplorable. Through what faults and infirmities of dogmatism on the one hand, and skepticism on the other, it came to be so thought, we need not here consider. Let us hope, and I confidently expect, that it is not to last; that the religious faith which survived without a shock the notion of the fixity of the earth itself may equally outlast the notion of the absolute fixity of the species which inhabit it; that in the future, even more than in the past, faith in an order, which is the basis of science, will not, as it cannot reasonably, be dissevered from faith in an Ordainer, which is the basis of religion.”—“Sequoia and its History,” inDarwiniana, p. 205.

[92]“An able philosophical writer, Miss Frances Power Cobbe, has recently and truthfully said:—

“‘It is a singular fact that when we can find out how anything is done, our first conclusion seems to be, God did not do it. No matter how wonderful, how beautiful, how intimately complex and delicate has been the machinery which has worked perhaps for centuries, perhaps for millions of ages, to bring about some beneficent result, if we can but catch a glimpse of the wheels, its divine character disappears.’

“I agree with the writer that this first conclusion is premature and unworthy, I will add deplorable. Through what faults and infirmities of dogmatism on the one hand, and skepticism on the other, it came to be so thought, we need not here consider. Let us hope, and I confidently expect, that it is not to last; that the religious faith which survived without a shock the notion of the fixity of the earth itself may equally outlast the notion of the absolute fixity of the species which inhabit it; that in the future, even more than in the past, faith in an order, which is the basis of science, will not, as it cannot reasonably, be dissevered from faith in an Ordainer, which is the basis of religion.”—“Sequoia and its History,” inDarwiniana, p. 205.

[93]This was the beginning of summer schools in Harvard University.

[94]“Life of Charles Darwin,” inNature, June 4, 1874.

[95]See vol. xxxiv. n. ser., November, 1862, pp. 428, 429.—A. G.

[96]Moses Ashley Curtis, D. D., 1808-1872. Born in Charlestown, Mass.; early removed to the South; lived near Hillsboro, N. C. His botanical studies were largely on Fungi.

[97]Rev. G. Frederick Wright, then a clergyman at Andover, Mass., now professor at Oberlin, Ohio.

[98]The book was published with Mr. Wright’s assistance.

[99]Review ofDarwin’s Insectivorous and Climbing Plants, inThe Nation, Nos. 549 and 550.

[100]The afterwards famous designer of yachts.

[101]T. S. Brandegee. Engaged on railroad surveys in Colorado and Washington territories and the Northern Pacific. At present living in San Francisco.

[102]The bad railroad strikes of the summer of 1877.

[103]J. G. Lemmon; late botanist of the California State Board of Forestry; author of a report on California Conifers.

[104]The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species.

[105]Photograph of camp on Rocky Mountains, La Veta Pass, with the best photographic likenesses, perhaps, ever taken of Sir J. D. Hooker and Dr. Gray; and including General and Mrs. Strachey, Dr. Hayden, and Captain Stevenson.

[106]Articles in the New YorkIndependent, signed “Country Reader,” by Dr. Gray.

[107]At a memorial meeting held in honor of Professor Henry by the Board of Regents and both Houses of Congress, in the Hall of the House of Representatives, January 16, 1879, Dr. Gray read a Biographical Memorial of Joseph Henry, in behalf of the Board of Regents.

[108]Heinrich Ludwig Muhlenberg, 1756-1817; a Lutheran preacher in Lancaster, Penn.; published aCatalogue of North American Plants, and aDescription of North American Grasses.

[109]James Watson Robbins, M. D., 1807-1879; physician at Uxbridge, Mass. “A most critical student of the botany of New England and northern United States, and especially of the Potamogetons” [A. G.].

[110]Edward Palmer; has collected largely in southern Florida and Mexico.

[111]“Dr. Gray, with Mr. Cowles and some of the neighbors, had gone up Negro Mountain. He found on the top the plant he expected, a Saxifraga, made out the narrow ravine he had explored thirty-six years ago, found it, and in its same spot the rare plant (an Aconite) he had then discovered, rarely seen growing since, and so came back triumphant.”—Extract from Mrs. Gray’s journal.

[112]Howard Shriver, M. D., formerly at Wyethville, Va., now at Cumberland, Md.

[113]John A. C. Roeper, 1800-1884; director and professor in the Botanic Garden at Bâle; removed to Rostock, Prussia, as professor, before 1840.

[114]The Yale Lectures.

[115]Alphonse Lavallée, 1835-1884. Paris. “His specialty, ornamental trees and shrubs, of which he had nearly the largest and best collection in Europe, studying them with assiduity” [A. G.].

[116]Dr. C. H. Schultz [Bipontinus], 1805-1867. Rhenish Bavaria. A distinguished botanist, who devoted himself to Compositæ, and amassed an extremely rich herbarium in that family.

[117]Willdenow’s Asters were sent over to me here!—A. G.

[118]Pietro Andrea Saccardo; professor at Padua.

[119]Otto Penzig, M. D.; formerly assistant professor at Padua, now professor at Genoa.

[120]Seen first in 1850, with its temporary roof and bases of towers.

[121]Samuel B. Parish, San Bernardino, Cal.

[122]William Cusick, Crowell, Oregon.

[123]C. G. Pringle; for many years has explored the botany of Mexico.

[124]Contemporary Review, xli.

[125]J. Hammond Trumbull, of Hartford, Conn.; a great authority on Indian languages and customs, and author of many contributions, historical and philological. Perhaps the only American scholar able to read Eliot’s Bible.

[126]The birth of the Dean’s first grandchild.

[127]Dr. Gray went to New York to finish his sittings to St. Gaudens for the bronze bas-relief now in the herbarium at Cambridge.

[128]“Characteristics of the North American Flora,”American Journal of Science, ser. 3, vol. xxviii, p. 323; also inScientific Papers of A. Gray, selected by C. S. Sargent.

[129]Sir William Thomson, Lord Kelvin,—the distinguished physicist.

[130]The inkstand is now placed in the library of the herbarium with Sir William J. Hooker’s hand-glass, so much used by Dr. Gray.

[131]Daniel Morris, assistant director of the Royal Gardens, Kew.

[132]Matteo Botteri, died in 1885. Sent to Mexico by London Horticultural Society. Made fine collections, especially about Orizaba, where he settled.

[133]General John Bidwell was the Prohibition candidate for the Presidency in 1892.

[134]Named the Sir Joseph Hooker Oak.

[135]American Journal of Science, 3 ser. xxxi, 12.—1886. Reprinted inScientific Papers, selected by C. S. Sargent, vol. ii. p. 468.

[136]Josef Mariano Mocino. Was on the coast of California in 1792. Botanized in Mexico, especially in the northern part. His drawings, brought to Europe after the death of Sessé, were left with Aug. Pyr. de Candolle. When suddenly reclaimed they were copied for him by the united labors of the ladies of Geneva.

[137]William Trelease, St. Louis; professor of botany at Washington University, and director of Missouri Botanical Garden.

[138]Thomas Coulter. Little is known of him. He explored in Mexico many years and in California in 1831 and 1832. Was appointed Curator of the herbarium of the Dublin Botanic Garden, where he died in 1843.

[139]John Goldie, 1793-1886. Traveled in North America, 1817 to 1820, collecting plants. After his return to Scotland emigrated to Ayr, Ontario, 1844, where he died.

[140]Dr. Gray returned for this last book to the title of his first book, published in 1836,Elements of Botany.

[141]Eduard Süss; professor of paleontology at Vienna.

[142]A. W. Eichler, 1839-1887; succeeded Alexander Braun at Berlin.

[143]Henry John Elwes, author of the sumptuous monograph of the genus Lilium.

[144]Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, 1823-1889; professor of botany at Hamburg, and an authority on orchids.

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