Acid-free leather,58,90Acids used in dyeing, effects,57Adhesives,167Advertisements, when to bind,135Age of animals, effect on leather,53Aldine vellum,76A. L. A. Committee on Binding,11A. L. A. Specifications for reinforced books,109American russia,65Ammonia,171Angora goatskin,69Arrangement for binding,132Art canvas,76Art vellum,76Artistic binding,7Back-lining,34Backing,33Backs, loose, mending,181Backs, tight, mending,181Backs, tight and loose,44Bands,19Bands, frayed,32Bands, number necessary,18,91Bands, raised,40Barbour's thread,85Bench sewing,19Bibliography of binding,221Bids for binding,11Binder, instructions for,139Binders' boards,83Binders for magazines,199Binders ignorant of library binding,9Bindery in the library,209Bindery, equipment,213Binding before purchase,103Binding records,149Binding routine,157Binding slip, use of,139,140Boards,83Boards, cut,36Bock,70Bone folders,172Bookbinding terms,225Books, discarding of,131Books, opening of,122Books, proper care,122Booksellers, oppose reinforced books,112Brownie books, strong binding,113Brushes,173Buckram,76Buffing,66Bureau of Standards, Specifications for cloth,217Bureau of Standards, tests of cloth,78Burnishing,32Calfskin,70Calfskin vs. cowhide,53Call number, location of,143Call numbers gilded,39Canton flannel for lining,35Canvas,80Care of books,122Case, making of,36Cased books,38Catechol group,56Cheesecloth,170Chivers, Cedric, binding from sheets,103Chivers, tests of leather,60Chivers, test of levant morocco,69Classic buckram,76Cleaning cover,177Cleaning pages,174Climate, effect on leather,54Cloth,72Cloth boards,83Cloth, cutting of,36Cloth for sides,89Cloth, government specifications,79,217Cloth, grades of,75Cloth guards,90Cloth, manufacturers of,74Cloth, qualities of,74Cloth, tests of,78Cloth used in mending,170Cloth vs. leather,122Collation,15,133Commercial binding,6Commercial binding, specifications,100Copying press,173Corners of vellum,72Corners rounded,47Cost of binding,5,11,115Cost of binding, records of,152Cost of binding, suggestions for reducing,104,119Cotton vs. linen thread,85Covers, how cleaned,177Covers of periodicals, when to bind,135Cowhide,65Cowhide for fiction and juvenile,93Creases, how removed,175Creasing for flexibility,25Crepeline,170,179Crushed levant,69Cutting board,174Dampness, effect on leather,59Decay of leather,54Discarding books,121,131Duck,80,90Duck for newspapers,97Dummy backs,141Durabline,81Embossing leather,57End papers,19End papers and fly leaves pasted together,31End papers pasted down,37End papers, quality,85English buckram,77Everyman's library, library edition,112,129Eyelet and tape binders,201Fabrikoid,81,82Fibre-filling preservative,97Fiction, specifications,93Finishing,39Flesher for back-lining,35Flexible glue,82Flexible sewing,40Fly leaves and end papers pasted together,31Fly leaves guarded,17Fly leaves tipped on,17Fly leaves, renewal,183Folded plates, guarded,90Folders, bone,172Forwarding,31Fox marks, how removed,175French joints,37,46,91Gall nuts for tanning,55Gas, effect on leather,58Gaylord binders,206Gilding,39Gilding tops,33Glaire,195Glue,82,169Glue, flexible,82Glue pot,173Glue, removed from back of books,15Gluing,33Gluing for overcasting,17Goatskins,68Gold leaf,85Government cloth,77Government cloth, specifications,217Government documents, binding of,54,77Government documents, materials used in binding,51Graining leather,57Grease in leather,58Grease spots, how removed,177Guarding fly leaves,17Guarding illustrations,18Guarding signatures,17Hair sheep,64Hayes' thread,85Headbands,49Heat, effect on leather,59Hemlock bark,56Home binderies,209Huntting, H. R., Samson-back sewing,113Illustrations guarded,18,90Illustrations mounted on cloth,91Imitation of morocco,64,68Imperfect books, when to bind,133Imperial morocco cloth,81,90Incomplete volumes, when to bind,138Index, where to place,134Index volumes, lettering of,147Ink stains, how removed,176Instructions to binder,139Jaconet,17,170Javelle water,175Joint authors, lettering,143Joints,46Juvenile books bound from sheets,105Juvenile books, specifications,93Keratol,81,82Kettlestitch,22Kettlestitch, sawing for,18Kettlestitch, three for overcast books,27Knives,172Knocking down,16Kraft paper,171Kraft paper for fly leaves,17Labeling, process,191Labels made of leather,39Labels on tight-back books,45Labels, removal of,193Labor, effects on cost of binding,115Lacing-in,38,42Larch, for tanning,56Law books, specifications,98Law sheep,65Leather,52Leather, causes of variation in,53Leather corners,48Leather, decay of,54,73Leather, embossed,57Leather for back-lining,35Leather imitation of,81Leather kinds of,63Leather labels,39Leather, mechanical qualities,60Leather, preservation of,60Leather vs. cloth,122Legal buckram,80Lettering, arrangement,141Lettering by hand,193Lettering, how indicated,139Lettering in white ink,193Lettering, joint authors,143Lettering, oversized books,147Lettering, pamphlets,207Lettering, periodicals,146Lettering, pseudonyms,143Lettering, thin volumes,147Lettering, two books in one,143Lettering with type,194Levant morocco,69Library binderies,209Library binderies, administration,211Library binderies, cost of,214Library binding,8Library buckram,80Linen buckram,77Linen finish cloth,76Linen vs. cotton thread,85Loose back,36,44Loose joints, how mended,182Loose leaves, inserting,180Loose signatures, inserting,181Machine-bound books,6Magazine binders,199Making the case,36Manila paper,171Manila paper for fly leaves,17Maps, repair of,183Materials,51Materials for lettering,195Materials for repairing,167Mending,16,178Mending by binder,90Mending materials,167Mending, rules for,166Mildew, how prevented,176Millboards,83Morocco,68Morocco, bock,70Morocco, imitation of,64Morocco, Levant,69Morocco, Niger,70Morocco, Persian,70Morocco, Turkey,69Mucilage,169Music, specifications for,99Newspapers, specifications,96Newspapers, wrapped in paper,96Niger morocco,70Non-fiction, specifications,94Oak bark,55,56Oak bark for pigskin,67Oak bark for sheepskin,64Onion skin,171Overcast books, cut before sewing,16Overcasting,23,25Overcasting, sawing for,19Oversized books, lettering,147Pages, cleaning of,174Pages, how mended,178Pages missing,133Pamphlets, binding,205Pamphlets, binding single copies,190Pamphlets, lettering,207Panels,142Panels, staining of,39Paper, effect of folding,14Paper, effect on binding,14Parker, J. Gordon, on causes of decay in leathers,55Paste,83,167Paste, poor, effect on binding,59Pasting down,37Pasting machine,169,174Perforating machine,25Periodicals, arrangement of,16,134Periodicals, binding single copies,190Periodicals, lettering,146Periodicals, specifications,94Periodicals, two volumes in one,138Periodicals, vagaries of,134Periodicals, when to bind incomplete,138Persian morocco,70Plates, folded, guarding,90Plates, unpaged, where to place,136Preparing for the bindery,125Press used in mending,173Pressing,38Pigskin,67Pluviusin,81Polished buckram,76Preservation of leather,60Prices, schedule of,118Printing Investigation Committee,77Processes,13Pseudonyms, lettering,143Publishers' binding,6Publishers' reinforced books,109Publishers' reinforced books, failure of,111Pyrogallol group,55Questions binding assistants must ask,125Raised bands,40Ratio of cost to circulation,5Reading list,221Rebacking,36Recasing instead of rebinding,130Recasing, process,184Records for large libraries,153Records of binding,149Records of previous volumes,140, 151Recovering,121Recovering, process,185Red rope manila,171Reference books, specifications,98Regular sewing,19Reinforced books,108,120Reinforced books, specifications,109Reinforcing, process,188Repairing,165Reports, binding of,138,205Reprints, bound before purchase,119Reprints, use instead of rebinding,129Resewed commercial books,113Re-siding, process,188Retanning,58Rexine,81Roan,65Rod binders,202Rounding,33Routine of binding,157Royal Society of Arts, investigation of leather,55Rub or rub-off,92,140Russia leather,71Samson-back sewing,113Sawing,18Scientific books, when to rebind,131Scribner's, Charles, Sons Co., reinforced books,109Sealskin,63,71Second-hand books, rebound before using,108,120Selection of binder,9Semi-tar boards,84Setting the square,36Sewing,19Sewing, affected by paper,14Sewing bench,20Sewing on tapes,30Sewing two-on,23Sex of animals, effect on leather,53Shaving of skins,57Sheep-bound set of U. S. documents,54Sheepskin,63Sheets, binding from,103Shellac,172Shellacking of covers,177Signatures, guarding of,17-18Size, basis for prices,89Skiver,65Society of Arts, investigation of leather,55Society of Arts, on preservation of leather,62Sound Leather Committee of the Library Association,55Specifications,87Specifications, books of illustrations,100Specifications, commercial binding,100Specifications, fiction,93Specifications, general,88Specifications, juvenile,93Specifications, law books,98Specifications, music,99Specifications, newspapers,96Specifications, non-fiction,94Specifications, periodicals,94Specifications, reference books,98Specifications, reinforced books,109Split boards,44Split cowhide,66Split sheepskins,65Splitting of skins,57Spring-back binders,201Sprinkling,32Squares,36Stained labels,39Stitching,91Strawboards,83Sulphuric acid,57,58Sumac,55,56,57Sumac for sheepskin,64Sunlight, effect on leather,58Super,35Supplements to periodicals,134Taking apart,15Tanning materials,55Tapes,85Tapes, sewing on,30Tar boards,84Technical books, when to rebind,131Technical terms,225Thread,84,171Tides of Barnegat, reinforced,109Tight backs,44Tight backs, mending,181Title page, where to place,134Title pages, vagaries of,136Tobacco smoke, effect on leather,58Tooling,39Tools for repairing,172Tools used in lettering,194Tools used in mending,172Torn leaves, mending,178Trimming,32,48Turkey morocco,69Turwar bark,56Two-on, sewing,23Use determines kind of binding,4Valueless books, discarding of,121Vaseline for leathers,61Vellum,71Vellum corners,48Warp, strength of,75Waterproof cloths,81Weft, strength of,75Well-bound book, how to recognize,49Whipstitching,24White ink, when used,193Wire, Dr. G. E., on preservation of leather,60Wool sheep,64