FOOTNOTES:

FOOTNOTES:[1]Antiquarian Magazine, Aug. 1882, vol. ii. p. 57.[2]Manning and Bray, History and Antiquities of the County of Surrey, vol. iii. p. 268.[3]Court Rolls of Wimbledon Manor, 15 Edw. IV. These rolls are now in the possession of Earl Spencer, lord of the manor. They were made accessible to me through the courtesy of his steward, Mr. Joseph Plaskitt.[4]The original entry reads: ‘Johannes Cromwell filius et heres WilelmiCromwell nuperde Northwell in comitatuNottingham remisit totum jus &c. in quodam messuagiovocatoParkersplace et in quodam tofto et v acris terrae et in uno tofto cum crofto et vii acris terrae dudum nupervocatisKendalisland et in viii acris terrae et dimidiojacentibusin villa et campis de Northwell magistroJohanniPorter prebendario prebende de Northwell vocatoprebende de Palishall in ecclesia collegiibeatae Mariae Suthwell et successoribussuis’ (Dods. MSS. in Bibl. Bodl., vol. xxxvi. p. 97, 1 Edw. IV.)[5]Antiquarian Magazine for August, 1882, vol. ii. p. 59.[6]Dods. MSS., vol. xi. pp. 193a, 248a; vol. xxxvi. p. 103. Thorold Rogers, in his History of Agriculture and Prices, vol. iv. p. 3, refers to Ralph Lord Cromwell as ‘one of the richest men of the fifteenth century.’[7]Cf.Appendix I.at the end of this chapter.[8]The following are some of the more common entries concerning Walter Cromwell:—‘Presentant quod Gualterus Cromwell est communis braciator de here et fregit assisam’ and ‘quod Gualterus Cromwell et. . .sunt communes tipellarii seruisie et fregerunt assisam ideo ipsi in misericordia vi d.’ (Court Rolls, 17 Nov., 10 Hen. VII.; 17 Oct., 15 Hen. VII.; 28 Oct., 17 Hen. VII.)‘Itempresentant quod Gualterus Smyth alias Crumwell nimis excessive suponunt communam pasturam domini. . .cum aviis suis ad commune nocumentumideo ipse in misericordia vi d.‘Item presentant quod{GualterusJohannesSmyth de Puttenhith succidunt spinas in communa pastura domini apud Puttenhith. Ideo ipsi in misericordia iiii d.’ (Court Rolls, 28 Oct., 17 Hen. VII.)[9]Court Rolls, 20 Edw. IV. and 16 Hen. VII.[10]According to the record of 20 May, 11 Hen. VII.: ‘Elegerunt in officioconstabulariide Puttenhith Gualterum Smyth qui juratusestin eodemofficio.’[11]As by an entry of 20 May, 19 Hen. VII.: ‘Gualterus Smyth et. . .ibidemjuratipresentantomnia bene.’[12]The entry in full reads: ‘Item presentantquodW . . .Crumwell alias Smyth falseet fraudulenterrasuravit evidenceset terruresdomini in diversis parcellisad perturbacionemet exheredacionem dominiet tenenciumejus ut plenius apparet in eisdem. Ideo consolendumestcum domino et medio tempore prefatumest bidelloseisirein manus domini omnia terraset tenementasua tentade domino percopiam,et de exitueorumdomini respondere’ (Court Rolls, 10 Oct., 6 Hen. VIII.; also Extracts, p. 74).[13]Cal. vi. 696.[14]Antiquarian Magazine, vol. ii. p. 178.[15]Cal. iv. 5772. Cf. also Noble, Memoirs, vol. i. pp. 4–5, 238–241. The statements in Noble about the Williamses and Cromwells are most confusing and contradictory. Except for the information afforded concerning Morgan Williams, they are without value, and for the most part have been superseded by documentary evidence, discovered at a later date.[16]Court Rolls, 10 Oct., 5 Hen. VII., and Cal. iv. 5772.[17]Cal. iv. 5757.[18]Antiquary for October, 1880, vol. ii. p. 164. Antiquarian Magazine for August and October, 1882, vol. ii. pp. 56 and 178.[19]The original entries read as follows:—1. ‘Ad hanc curiamvenit Ricardus Williams et sursumrediditin manusdomini duas integras virgatas terrae in Hamptone. . .quarum una vocata Purycroft. . .et alia virgata vocata Williams ad opusThomae Smyth heredumet assignatorum’ (Court Rolls, 26 Feb., 19 Hen. VII.)2. ‘Ricardus Williams fecit insultumThomae [Smyth] et eundem Thomam verberavit contra pacemdomini Regis’. . .‘Ad hanc curiamvenit Thomas Smyth et sursumredidit in manusdomini duas integras virgatas terrae in Rokhamptone. . .quarumuna virgata vocata Purycroft et alia virgata vocata Williams ad opusDavidii Doby heredumet assignatorum’ (Court Rolls, 20 May, 19 Hen. VII.)[20]Antiquarian Magazine for October, 1882, vol. ii. p. 183.[21]It is possible that the Thomas Smyth, whose name occurs so frequently in the Court Rolls, was identical with a certain ‘tryumphant trollynge Thomas Smyth,’ who, in 1541, wrote several ballads ‘declaring the despyte of a secrete sedycyous person,’ by name William Graye, who had composed certain verses very derogatory to the memory of Thomas Cromwell. This Thomas Smyth describes himself as ‘servaunt to the Kynges royall Majestye, and clerke of the Quenes Graces Counsell, though most unworthy’; he had perhaps obtained his position through the influence of the King’s minister. He was supported in his tirade against Graye by ‘the ryght redolent and rotunde rethorician R. Smyth. . .in an Artificiall apologie articulerlye answerynge to the obstreperous obgannynges of one W. G. evometyd to the vituperacyon of the tryumphant trollynge Thomas Smyth. . .to thende that the imprudent lector shulde not tytubate or hallucinate in the labyrinthes of this lucubratiuncle.’ ‘R. Smyth’ was probably another member of the Smyth-Cromwell tribe. The name ‘Ricardus Smyth’ occurs frequently in the Court Rolls (Cal. xvi. 423).[22]See AppendicesI.andIII.at the end of this chapter.[23]See AppendicesII.andIV.at the end of this chapter. The suggestion of Mr. Galton (The Character and Times of Thomas Cromwell, p. 22) that ‘Garigliano’ may be a mistake for ‘Marignano’ is scarcely plausible. The great victory of Francis I occurred in 1515, when there is every reason to suppose that Cromwell was in England.[24]Cal. v. 1197; vii. 923.[25]The fact that this tale concerns itself with Foxe’s native town of Boston increases the probability of its authenticity. It was probably this same Geoffrey Chambers who in later years was so active as Cromwell’s agent, and as Surveyor-General of the King’s purchased lands. Cf. Cal. xii. (ii), 490, 783, 835, 852, 857, and Ellis, 3rd Series, vol. iii. p. 168.[26]Cal. x. 1218.[27]Cal. i. 3556.[28]Appendix I.to this chapter; Antiquary for Oct. 1880, vol. ii. p. 164.[29]Appendix to chapter iii. p.59.[30]Cal. iii. 3502.[31]‘Mr. Pryor’ and ‘Mistress Pryor’ both had rooms in Cromwell’s house, at Austin Friars Gate, where he lived after the year 1524. Before that date he resided near Fenchurch (Cal. iii. 2624; iv. 3197).[32]Mr. Gairdner kindly informs me that he was misled by a record concerning Robert Cromwell (Cal. ii. (i) 1369).[33]Singer’s Cavendish, vol. i. p. 193n.[34]Ellis, Thomas Cromwell, p. 12.[35]Life of Wolsey, Dictionary of National Biography, vol. lxii. p. 325.[36]Cal. i. 5355.[37]In the original document (Cal. iii. 1026) the name of the Cardinal is not expressly mentioned. The copy of the citation, however, was sent by his chaplain, Clerk, and can scarcely have been intended for any one but Wolsey, since the case had already reached the Papal Court.[38]Cal. iii. 3681.[39]Cal. iii. 1026, 1940, 1963, 2441, 3657.[40]Cal. iii. 2624.[41]Cal. iii. 2437.[42]The original is in the Vienna Archives. This copy was made from the official Record Office transcript. Cf. Cal. ix. 862, and Thomas, The Pilgrim, p. 107.[43]John Cromwell of Lambeth.[44]sic, read ‘ou.’[45]Sir William Compton. See Dictionary of National Biography, vol. xi. p. 453.[46]Letters,1.[47]On this paragraph, cf. Creighton’s Wolsey, pp. 128–130.[48]Roper, Life of More, pp. 34–35.[49]Ibid., pp. 35–38.[50]On the 29th of April Wolsey entered the House and proposed a subsidy ‘which he thought should not fall short of £800,000, to be raised by a tax of four shillings in the pound on all men’s goods and lands.’ The principal provisions of the Act to which the Commons were finally induced to give their consent were as follows: for two years ‘a rate of 5 per cent. was imposed on all lands and goods of the value of £20 and upwards; 2½ per cent. on goods between £20 and £2; 1⅔ per cent. on goods of 40s., or on yearly wages averaging 20s. In the third year 5 per cent. on all lands of £50 and upwards; and in the fourth and last year, 5 per cent. on personal property of £50 and upwards. These rates were doubled in cases of aliens. The Act was not to extend to Ireland, Wales, Calais, to the counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, or Westmoreland, to Chester, to the bishopric of Durham, or to Brighton in Sussex.’ (Cf. Introduction to vol. iii of the Calendar, pp. 243, 253, 270.) Brewer informs us that ‘it had been computed that the subsidy granted by the Commons would produce £800,000,’ though he confesses that we are ignorant of the data on which this estimate was based. Lingard does not discuss the amount of the subsidy, but lays stress on the fact that the Commons asserted their right to debate on the measure alone. (Hist. of England, vol. vi. pp. 91–92.)[51]Cal. iii. 2958. There can be no reasonable doubt concerning the authorship of this speech. Neither Brewer nor Gairdner question it, and Pauli, in an article on Wolsey and the Parliament of 1523 (Historische Zeitschrift for 1889, p. 52), says, ‘Die Rede selbst kann schlechterdings keinen anderen Urheber haben, und ist späterhin bei der Confiscation der Papiere Cromwell’s in das Staatsarchiv gekommen.’[52]sic, for ‘of.’[53]sic, for ‘wrongous’ or ‘wrong.’[54]sic, for ‘world.’[55]sic, for ‘they.’[56]sic, for ‘affliction.’[57]sic, for ‘of’?[58]sic, for ‘be conveyed.’[59]sic, for ‘as.’[60]sic, for ‘be,’ possibly meaning ‘very.’[61]William de Croy, Lord Chievres.[62]Cal. iv. 969; Doyle’s Baronage, vol. i. p. 689.[63]Cal. iv. 294, 388, 979, 1385–1386, 1620, 2347–2348, 2379.[64]Cal. iv. 989, 990.[65]Cf. Preface to volume iv of the Calendar, pp. 368–369.[66]Cal. iv. 1833–1834, 2365, 5117, 5145.[67]Cal. iv. 3461, 4778, 5330; Letters,6,8.[68]Cal. iv. 3360.[69]Cal. iv. 3334, and Appendix II. at the end of chapter i, p.19.[70]Cal. iv. 3079, 3119, 4201, 5169, 5365, 5456.[71]Cal. iv. 3198, 3475, 3535, 3676, 4117, 4275, 4570, 4573, 5399, 5411.[72]Letters,1.[73]Cal. iv. 2538, 3053, 4107.[74]Cal. iv. 1768.[75]Cal. iv. 2387.[76]Cal. iv. 5080, 5141.[77]Cal. iv. 3388.[78]Cf. Appendix at the end of this chapter, p.58.[79]Cal. iv. 4560, 4837, 4916.[80]Cal. iv. 4561.[81]Cal. iv. 4433, 5757, 6219.[82]Cal. iv. 3197.[83]Appendixat the end of this chapter. The will is also printed in Froude, Appendix to chapter vi. The statement in a footnote that the names Williams and Williamson are used interchangeably is scarcely credible.[84]Cf.footnote 87in the Appendix, p.56. The will was originally misdated, owing to an obviously careless error by the clerk, which was corrected by him at the time. The other corrections, by Cromwell, are written in a different-coloured ink; and the handwriting according to the Calendar (cf. footnote to vol. iv. no. 5772) indicates that they were made at a later date.[85]Cal. xi. 1016; xii. (ii) 646.[86]Cf. the genealogy in the Antiquary, vol. ii. pp. 164 ff.[87]Altered at the time from:—‘MCCCCC xx viijti’ by the clerk. All the other changes are in Cromwell’s hand, and were probably made at a later date. Cf. footnote in the Calendar, vol. iv. pt. iii. p. 2573.[88]Altered from:—‘Foure hundreth powndes.’[89]Altered from:—‘ccccli.’[90]Altered from:—‘xxli.’[91]Altered from:—‘one.’[92]Altered from:—‘twoo.’[93]These last six words are altered from:—‘a Bolster the best.’[94]Altered from:—‘two.’[95]Altered from:—‘ijo.’[96]Altered from:—‘One Dozen.’[97]Altered from:—‘A.’[98]Altered from:—‘iij.’[99]Altered from:—‘vj of.’[100]These last two words are altered from:—‘and.’[101]Altered from:—‘xxiiijti.’[102]Crossed out:—‘Item I gyue and bequethe to my Doughter Anne one hundreth Markesof lawfull money of Englond when she shall cumto her lawfull age or happen to be maryed And xllitowardesher Fynding vntill the tyme that she shalbe of lawfull age or be maryed. Which xlliI will shalbe Delyuered to my Frend John Croke on of the Six clerkesof the king his Chauncerie to thintent he may order the same and cause the same to be imployed in the best wise he can deuyse about the vertewous educacyon and bringing vp of my saide Doughter till she shall cumto her lawfull age or maryage. And if it happen my saide Doughter to Dye before she cumto her saide lawfull age or be maryed Then I will that the said c Markesand so moche of the said xllias then shalbe vnspent and vnimployed at the Day of the deth of my said Doughter Anne, I will it shall remayne to Gregory my Soon if he then be on lyue, And if he be Dede the same c Markesand also so moche of the saide xllias then shalbe vnspent to be departed amongst my Sustres children in manerand fourme forsaid And if it happen my saide Sustres children then to be all Dede, Then I will the saide c Markesand so moche of the saide xllias then shalbe vnspent shalbe deuyded amongst my kynsfolkessuch as then shalbe on lyue.’[103]Altered from:—‘xxliI Saye Twentye poundessterling’: and this is altered from:—‘xxxliwhich she oweth me.’[104]Crossed out:—‘and.’[105]Crossed out:—‘seruaunt withmy lorde Marques Dorssett.’[106]Altered from:—‘xlli.’[107]Altered from:—‘Fourth.’[108]Altered from:—‘xxli.’[109]Altered from:—‘xli.’[110]Altered from:—‘shall remayne to Anne and Grace my doughters.’[111]Altered from:—‘xlli’: and this is altered from:—‘xxli.’[112]Altered from:—‘vjlixiijsiiijd.’[113]Altered from:—‘iijlivjsviijd.’[114]Altered from:—‘Cosyn.’[115]Altered from:—‘c.’[116]Altered from:—‘Best.’[117]Altered from:—‘xli.’[118]Crossed out:—‘Item I gyue and bequethe to Elizabeth Gregory sumtyme my Seruaunt xxlivj payre of ShetesA Fetherbed A payre of blankettesA Couerlet ijotable clothes, One Dozen Naptkynnes ijobrasse pottes, ijopannes, ijoSpyttes.’[119]Crossed out:—‘Item I gyueandbequethe to John Croke one of the vj clerkesof the Chauncerye xlimy Second gowne Doblet and Jaquet. Item I gyue and bequethe to Roger More Seruaunt of the king his bakehouse vjlixiijsiiijdiij yardesSaten and to Maudelyn his wyf iijlivjsviijd.’[120]Crossed out:—‘Item I gyue and bequethe to my litill Doughter Grace c Markesof lawfull ynglissh money when she shall cumto her lawfull age or maryage and also xllitowardesher exhibucyon and Fynding vntill suche tyme‹as›she shalbe of lawfull age or be maryed Which xlliI will shalbe delyuered to my brother in law John Willyamson to thintent he may order and cause the same to be imployed in and aboutesthe vertewous educacyon and brynging vp of my saide Doughter till she shall cumto her lawfull age or Maryage. And if it happen my saide Doughter to Dye before she cum to her lawfull age or maryage then I will that the saide c markesand so moche of the saide xllias then shalbe vnspent and vnimployed aboutesthe fynding of my saide Doughter at the Day of the Deth of my saide Doughter shall remayne and be Delyuered to Gregory my Soon if he then shall happen to be on lyue. And if he be Dede then the saide c Markesand the saide residue of the saide xllito be euenlye Departed amongst my poure kynnesfolkes, that is to say my Susters children forsaide.’[121]The last seventeen words are altered from:—‘Sutton at Hone and Temple Dartford in the Countie of Kent And shall take the proffyte of my Ferme of the parsonage of Sutton.’[122]Crossed out:—‘cummyng.’[123]Crossed out:—‘in Deadesof charytee ouerand aboue the charges and reparacions gyue and Distrybute for my Soule quarterly xlsamongst poure people vntill my Soon Gregorye shall cumto the age of xxv yeres if he so long do Lyue And then my saide Soon to haue my said Fermes During the yeres conteyned within my leases.’[124]Altered from:—‘xxv.’[125]Crossed out:—‘and.’[126]Crossed out:—‘my saide executours shall sell my said Fermes to the most proffyte and aduauntage And the money thereof growing to bestowe in Deadesof charytee vppon my poure kynnesfolkesand other charytable Deadesto pray.’

[1]Antiquarian Magazine, Aug. 1882, vol. ii. p. 57.

[2]Manning and Bray, History and Antiquities of the County of Surrey, vol. iii. p. 268.

[3]Court Rolls of Wimbledon Manor, 15 Edw. IV. These rolls are now in the possession of Earl Spencer, lord of the manor. They were made accessible to me through the courtesy of his steward, Mr. Joseph Plaskitt.

[4]The original entry reads: ‘Johannes Cromwell filius et heres WilelmiCromwell nuperde Northwell in comitatuNottingham remisit totum jus &c. in quodam messuagiovocatoParkersplace et in quodam tofto et v acris terrae et in uno tofto cum crofto et vii acris terrae dudum nupervocatisKendalisland et in viii acris terrae et dimidiojacentibusin villa et campis de Northwell magistroJohanniPorter prebendario prebende de Northwell vocatoprebende de Palishall in ecclesia collegiibeatae Mariae Suthwell et successoribussuis’ (Dods. MSS. in Bibl. Bodl., vol. xxxvi. p. 97, 1 Edw. IV.)

[5]Antiquarian Magazine for August, 1882, vol. ii. p. 59.

[6]Dods. MSS., vol. xi. pp. 193a, 248a; vol. xxxvi. p. 103. Thorold Rogers, in his History of Agriculture and Prices, vol. iv. p. 3, refers to Ralph Lord Cromwell as ‘one of the richest men of the fifteenth century.’

[7]Cf.Appendix I.at the end of this chapter.

[8]The following are some of the more common entries concerning Walter Cromwell:—‘Presentant quod Gualterus Cromwell est communis braciator de here et fregit assisam’ and ‘quod Gualterus Cromwell et. . .sunt communes tipellarii seruisie et fregerunt assisam ideo ipsi in misericordia vi d.’ (Court Rolls, 17 Nov., 10 Hen. VII.; 17 Oct., 15 Hen. VII.; 28 Oct., 17 Hen. VII.)‘Itempresentant quod Gualterus Smyth alias Crumwell nimis excessive suponunt communam pasturam domini. . .cum aviis suis ad commune nocumentumideo ipse in misericordia vi d.‘Item presentant quod{GualterusJohannesSmyth de Puttenhith succidunt spinas in communa pastura domini apud Puttenhith. Ideo ipsi in misericordia iiii d.’ (Court Rolls, 28 Oct., 17 Hen. VII.)

[8]The following are some of the more common entries concerning Walter Cromwell:—

‘Presentant quod Gualterus Cromwell est communis braciator de here et fregit assisam’ and ‘quod Gualterus Cromwell et. . .sunt communes tipellarii seruisie et fregerunt assisam ideo ipsi in misericordia vi d.’ (Court Rolls, 17 Nov., 10 Hen. VII.; 17 Oct., 15 Hen. VII.; 28 Oct., 17 Hen. VII.)

‘Itempresentant quod Gualterus Smyth alias Crumwell nimis excessive suponunt communam pasturam domini. . .cum aviis suis ad commune nocumentumideo ipse in misericordia vi d.

Smyth de Puttenhith succidunt spinas in communa pastura domini apud Puttenhith. Ideo ipsi in misericordia iiii d.’ (Court Rolls, 28 Oct., 17 Hen. VII.)

[9]Court Rolls, 20 Edw. IV. and 16 Hen. VII.

[10]According to the record of 20 May, 11 Hen. VII.: ‘Elegerunt in officioconstabulariide Puttenhith Gualterum Smyth qui juratusestin eodemofficio.’

[11]As by an entry of 20 May, 19 Hen. VII.: ‘Gualterus Smyth et. . .ibidemjuratipresentantomnia bene.’

[12]The entry in full reads: ‘Item presentantquodW . . .Crumwell alias Smyth falseet fraudulenterrasuravit evidenceset terruresdomini in diversis parcellisad perturbacionemet exheredacionem dominiet tenenciumejus ut plenius apparet in eisdem. Ideo consolendumestcum domino et medio tempore prefatumest bidelloseisirein manus domini omnia terraset tenementasua tentade domino percopiam,et de exitueorumdomini respondere’ (Court Rolls, 10 Oct., 6 Hen. VIII.; also Extracts, p. 74).

[13]Cal. vi. 696.

[14]Antiquarian Magazine, vol. ii. p. 178.

[15]Cal. iv. 5772. Cf. also Noble, Memoirs, vol. i. pp. 4–5, 238–241. The statements in Noble about the Williamses and Cromwells are most confusing and contradictory. Except for the information afforded concerning Morgan Williams, they are without value, and for the most part have been superseded by documentary evidence, discovered at a later date.

[16]Court Rolls, 10 Oct., 5 Hen. VII., and Cal. iv. 5772.

[17]Cal. iv. 5757.

[18]Antiquary for October, 1880, vol. ii. p. 164. Antiquarian Magazine for August and October, 1882, vol. ii. pp. 56 and 178.

[19]The original entries read as follows:—1. ‘Ad hanc curiamvenit Ricardus Williams et sursumrediditin manusdomini duas integras virgatas terrae in Hamptone. . .quarum una vocata Purycroft. . .et alia virgata vocata Williams ad opusThomae Smyth heredumet assignatorum’ (Court Rolls, 26 Feb., 19 Hen. VII.)2. ‘Ricardus Williams fecit insultumThomae [Smyth] et eundem Thomam verberavit contra pacemdomini Regis’. . .‘Ad hanc curiamvenit Thomas Smyth et sursumredidit in manusdomini duas integras virgatas terrae in Rokhamptone. . .quarumuna virgata vocata Purycroft et alia virgata vocata Williams ad opusDavidii Doby heredumet assignatorum’ (Court Rolls, 20 May, 19 Hen. VII.)

[19]The original entries read as follows:—

1. ‘Ad hanc curiamvenit Ricardus Williams et sursumrediditin manusdomini duas integras virgatas terrae in Hamptone. . .quarum una vocata Purycroft. . .et alia virgata vocata Williams ad opusThomae Smyth heredumet assignatorum’ (Court Rolls, 26 Feb., 19 Hen. VII.)

2. ‘Ricardus Williams fecit insultumThomae [Smyth] et eundem Thomam verberavit contra pacemdomini Regis’. . .‘Ad hanc curiamvenit Thomas Smyth et sursumredidit in manusdomini duas integras virgatas terrae in Rokhamptone. . .quarumuna virgata vocata Purycroft et alia virgata vocata Williams ad opusDavidii Doby heredumet assignatorum’ (Court Rolls, 20 May, 19 Hen. VII.)

[20]Antiquarian Magazine for October, 1882, vol. ii. p. 183.

[21]It is possible that the Thomas Smyth, whose name occurs so frequently in the Court Rolls, was identical with a certain ‘tryumphant trollynge Thomas Smyth,’ who, in 1541, wrote several ballads ‘declaring the despyte of a secrete sedycyous person,’ by name William Graye, who had composed certain verses very derogatory to the memory of Thomas Cromwell. This Thomas Smyth describes himself as ‘servaunt to the Kynges royall Majestye, and clerke of the Quenes Graces Counsell, though most unworthy’; he had perhaps obtained his position through the influence of the King’s minister. He was supported in his tirade against Graye by ‘the ryght redolent and rotunde rethorician R. Smyth. . .in an Artificiall apologie articulerlye answerynge to the obstreperous obgannynges of one W. G. evometyd to the vituperacyon of the tryumphant trollynge Thomas Smyth. . .to thende that the imprudent lector shulde not tytubate or hallucinate in the labyrinthes of this lucubratiuncle.’ ‘R. Smyth’ was probably another member of the Smyth-Cromwell tribe. The name ‘Ricardus Smyth’ occurs frequently in the Court Rolls (Cal. xvi. 423).

[22]See AppendicesI.andIII.at the end of this chapter.

[23]See AppendicesII.andIV.at the end of this chapter. The suggestion of Mr. Galton (The Character and Times of Thomas Cromwell, p. 22) that ‘Garigliano’ may be a mistake for ‘Marignano’ is scarcely plausible. The great victory of Francis I occurred in 1515, when there is every reason to suppose that Cromwell was in England.

[24]Cal. v. 1197; vii. 923.

[25]The fact that this tale concerns itself with Foxe’s native town of Boston increases the probability of its authenticity. It was probably this same Geoffrey Chambers who in later years was so active as Cromwell’s agent, and as Surveyor-General of the King’s purchased lands. Cf. Cal. xii. (ii), 490, 783, 835, 852, 857, and Ellis, 3rd Series, vol. iii. p. 168.

[26]Cal. x. 1218.

[27]Cal. i. 3556.

[28]Appendix I.to this chapter; Antiquary for Oct. 1880, vol. ii. p. 164.

[29]Appendix to chapter iii. p.59.

[30]Cal. iii. 3502.

[31]‘Mr. Pryor’ and ‘Mistress Pryor’ both had rooms in Cromwell’s house, at Austin Friars Gate, where he lived after the year 1524. Before that date he resided near Fenchurch (Cal. iii. 2624; iv. 3197).

[32]Mr. Gairdner kindly informs me that he was misled by a record concerning Robert Cromwell (Cal. ii. (i) 1369).

[33]Singer’s Cavendish, vol. i. p. 193n.

[34]Ellis, Thomas Cromwell, p. 12.

[35]Life of Wolsey, Dictionary of National Biography, vol. lxii. p. 325.

[36]Cal. i. 5355.

[37]In the original document (Cal. iii. 1026) the name of the Cardinal is not expressly mentioned. The copy of the citation, however, was sent by his chaplain, Clerk, and can scarcely have been intended for any one but Wolsey, since the case had already reached the Papal Court.

[38]Cal. iii. 3681.

[39]Cal. iii. 1026, 1940, 1963, 2441, 3657.

[40]Cal. iii. 2624.

[41]Cal. iii. 2437.

[42]The original is in the Vienna Archives. This copy was made from the official Record Office transcript. Cf. Cal. ix. 862, and Thomas, The Pilgrim, p. 107.

[43]John Cromwell of Lambeth.

[44]sic, read ‘ou.’

[45]Sir William Compton. See Dictionary of National Biography, vol. xi. p. 453.

[46]Letters,1.

[47]On this paragraph, cf. Creighton’s Wolsey, pp. 128–130.

[48]Roper, Life of More, pp. 34–35.

[49]Ibid., pp. 35–38.

[50]On the 29th of April Wolsey entered the House and proposed a subsidy ‘which he thought should not fall short of £800,000, to be raised by a tax of four shillings in the pound on all men’s goods and lands.’ The principal provisions of the Act to which the Commons were finally induced to give their consent were as follows: for two years ‘a rate of 5 per cent. was imposed on all lands and goods of the value of £20 and upwards; 2½ per cent. on goods between £20 and £2; 1⅔ per cent. on goods of 40s., or on yearly wages averaging 20s. In the third year 5 per cent. on all lands of £50 and upwards; and in the fourth and last year, 5 per cent. on personal property of £50 and upwards. These rates were doubled in cases of aliens. The Act was not to extend to Ireland, Wales, Calais, to the counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, or Westmoreland, to Chester, to the bishopric of Durham, or to Brighton in Sussex.’ (Cf. Introduction to vol. iii of the Calendar, pp. 243, 253, 270.) Brewer informs us that ‘it had been computed that the subsidy granted by the Commons would produce £800,000,’ though he confesses that we are ignorant of the data on which this estimate was based. Lingard does not discuss the amount of the subsidy, but lays stress on the fact that the Commons asserted their right to debate on the measure alone. (Hist. of England, vol. vi. pp. 91–92.)

[51]Cal. iii. 2958. There can be no reasonable doubt concerning the authorship of this speech. Neither Brewer nor Gairdner question it, and Pauli, in an article on Wolsey and the Parliament of 1523 (Historische Zeitschrift for 1889, p. 52), says, ‘Die Rede selbst kann schlechterdings keinen anderen Urheber haben, und ist späterhin bei der Confiscation der Papiere Cromwell’s in das Staatsarchiv gekommen.’

[52]sic, for ‘of.’

[53]sic, for ‘wrongous’ or ‘wrong.’

[54]sic, for ‘world.’

[55]sic, for ‘they.’

[56]sic, for ‘affliction.’

[57]sic, for ‘of’?

[58]sic, for ‘be conveyed.’

[59]sic, for ‘as.’

[60]sic, for ‘be,’ possibly meaning ‘very.’

[61]William de Croy, Lord Chievres.

[62]Cal. iv. 969; Doyle’s Baronage, vol. i. p. 689.

[63]Cal. iv. 294, 388, 979, 1385–1386, 1620, 2347–2348, 2379.

[64]Cal. iv. 989, 990.

[65]Cf. Preface to volume iv of the Calendar, pp. 368–369.

[66]Cal. iv. 1833–1834, 2365, 5117, 5145.

[67]Cal. iv. 3461, 4778, 5330; Letters,6,8.

[68]Cal. iv. 3360.

[69]Cal. iv. 3334, and Appendix II. at the end of chapter i, p.19.

[70]Cal. iv. 3079, 3119, 4201, 5169, 5365, 5456.

[71]Cal. iv. 3198, 3475, 3535, 3676, 4117, 4275, 4570, 4573, 5399, 5411.

[72]Letters,1.

[73]Cal. iv. 2538, 3053, 4107.

[74]Cal. iv. 1768.

[75]Cal. iv. 2387.

[76]Cal. iv. 5080, 5141.

[77]Cal. iv. 3388.

[78]Cf. Appendix at the end of this chapter, p.58.

[79]Cal. iv. 4560, 4837, 4916.

[80]Cal. iv. 4561.

[81]Cal. iv. 4433, 5757, 6219.

[82]Cal. iv. 3197.

[83]Appendixat the end of this chapter. The will is also printed in Froude, Appendix to chapter vi. The statement in a footnote that the names Williams and Williamson are used interchangeably is scarcely credible.

[84]Cf.footnote 87in the Appendix, p.56. The will was originally misdated, owing to an obviously careless error by the clerk, which was corrected by him at the time. The other corrections, by Cromwell, are written in a different-coloured ink; and the handwriting according to the Calendar (cf. footnote to vol. iv. no. 5772) indicates that they were made at a later date.

[85]Cal. xi. 1016; xii. (ii) 646.

[86]Cf. the genealogy in the Antiquary, vol. ii. pp. 164 ff.

[87]Altered at the time from:—‘MCCCCC xx viijti’ by the clerk. All the other changes are in Cromwell’s hand, and were probably made at a later date. Cf. footnote in the Calendar, vol. iv. pt. iii. p. 2573.

[88]Altered from:—‘Foure hundreth powndes.’

[89]Altered from:—‘ccccli.’

[90]Altered from:—‘xxli.’

[91]Altered from:—‘one.’

[92]Altered from:—‘twoo.’

[93]These last six words are altered from:—‘a Bolster the best.’

[94]Altered from:—‘two.’

[95]Altered from:—‘ijo.’

[96]Altered from:—‘One Dozen.’

[97]Altered from:—‘A.’

[98]Altered from:—‘iij.’

[99]Altered from:—‘vj of.’

[100]These last two words are altered from:—‘and.’

[101]Altered from:—‘xxiiijti.’

[102]Crossed out:—‘Item I gyue and bequethe to my Doughter Anne one hundreth Markesof lawfull money of Englond when she shall cumto her lawfull age or happen to be maryed And xllitowardesher Fynding vntill the tyme that she shalbe of lawfull age or be maryed. Which xlliI will shalbe Delyuered to my Frend John Croke on of the Six clerkesof the king his Chauncerie to thintent he may order the same and cause the same to be imployed in the best wise he can deuyse about the vertewous educacyon and bringing vp of my saide Doughter till she shall cumto her lawfull age or maryage. And if it happen my saide Doughter to Dye before she cumto her saide lawfull age or be maryed Then I will that the said c Markesand so moche of the said xllias then shalbe vnspent and vnimployed at the Day of the deth of my said Doughter Anne, I will it shall remayne to Gregory my Soon if he then be on lyue, And if he be Dede the same c Markesand also so moche of the saide xllias then shalbe vnspent to be departed amongst my Sustres children in manerand fourme forsaid And if it happen my saide Sustres children then to be all Dede, Then I will the saide c Markesand so moche of the saide xllias then shalbe vnspent shalbe deuyded amongst my kynsfolkessuch as then shalbe on lyue.’

[103]Altered from:—‘xxliI Saye Twentye poundessterling’: and this is altered from:—‘xxxliwhich she oweth me.’

[104]Crossed out:—‘and.’

[105]Crossed out:—‘seruaunt withmy lorde Marques Dorssett.’

[106]Altered from:—‘xlli.’

[107]Altered from:—‘Fourth.’

[108]Altered from:—‘xxli.’

[109]Altered from:—‘xli.’

[110]Altered from:—‘shall remayne to Anne and Grace my doughters.’

[111]Altered from:—‘xlli’: and this is altered from:—‘xxli.’

[112]Altered from:—‘vjlixiijsiiijd.’

[113]Altered from:—‘iijlivjsviijd.’

[114]Altered from:—‘Cosyn.’

[115]Altered from:—‘c.’

[116]Altered from:—‘Best.’

[117]Altered from:—‘xli.’

[118]Crossed out:—‘Item I gyue and bequethe to Elizabeth Gregory sumtyme my Seruaunt xxlivj payre of ShetesA Fetherbed A payre of blankettesA Couerlet ijotable clothes, One Dozen Naptkynnes ijobrasse pottes, ijopannes, ijoSpyttes.’

[119]Crossed out:—‘Item I gyueandbequethe to John Croke one of the vj clerkesof the Chauncerye xlimy Second gowne Doblet and Jaquet. Item I gyue and bequethe to Roger More Seruaunt of the king his bakehouse vjlixiijsiiijdiij yardesSaten and to Maudelyn his wyf iijlivjsviijd.’

[120]Crossed out:—‘Item I gyue and bequethe to my litill Doughter Grace c Markesof lawfull ynglissh money when she shall cumto her lawfull age or maryage and also xllitowardesher exhibucyon and Fynding vntill suche tyme‹as›she shalbe of lawfull age or be maryed Which xlliI will shalbe delyuered to my brother in law John Willyamson to thintent he may order and cause the same to be imployed in and aboutesthe vertewous educacyon and brynging vp of my saide Doughter till she shall cumto her lawfull age or Maryage. And if it happen my saide Doughter to Dye before she cum to her lawfull age or maryage then I will that the saide c markesand so moche of the saide xllias then shalbe vnspent and vnimployed aboutesthe fynding of my saide Doughter at the Day of the Deth of my saide Doughter shall remayne and be Delyuered to Gregory my Soon if he then shall happen to be on lyue. And if he be Dede then the saide c Markesand the saide residue of the saide xllito be euenlye Departed amongst my poure kynnesfolkes, that is to say my Susters children forsaide.’

[121]The last seventeen words are altered from:—‘Sutton at Hone and Temple Dartford in the Countie of Kent And shall take the proffyte of my Ferme of the parsonage of Sutton.’

[122]Crossed out:—‘cummyng.’

[123]Crossed out:—‘in Deadesof charytee ouerand aboue the charges and reparacions gyue and Distrybute for my Soule quarterly xlsamongst poure people vntill my Soon Gregorye shall cumto the age of xxv yeres if he so long do Lyue And then my saide Soon to haue my said Fermes During the yeres conteyned within my leases.’

[124]Altered from:—‘xxv.’

[125]Crossed out:—‘and.’

[126]Crossed out:—‘my saide executours shall sell my said Fermes to the most proffyte and aduauntage And the money thereof growing to bestowe in Deadesof charytee vppon my poure kynnesfolkesand other charytable Deadesto pray.’

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