My attention has been called (too late for a reference in the text) to a medieval Latin poem giving a gloomy account of student life in Paris in the twelfth century. The verses, which have been printed in theAmerican Journal of Philology(vol. xi. p. 80), insist upon the hardships of the student's life, and contrast his miserable condition with the happier lot of the citizens of Paris. For him there is no rejoicing in the days of his youth, and no hope even of a competence in the future. His lodgings are wretched and neglected; his dress is miserable, and his appearance slovenly. His food consists of peas, beans, and cabbage, and
"libidoMensæ nulla venit nisi quod sale sparsa rigoremEsca parum flectit."
His bed is a hard mattress stretched on the floor, and sleep brings him only a meagre respite from the toils of the day:--
"Sed in illa pace soporisPacis eget studii labor insopitus, et ipsoCura vigil somno, libros operamque ministratExcitæ somnus animæ, nec prima soporiAnxietas cedit, sed quæ vigilaverat anteSollicitudo redit, et major summa laborisCurarum studiis in somnibus obicit Hydram."
Inthe early hours of the morning he goes to his lectures, and the whole of his day is given to study. The description of the student at lecture is interesting:--
"Aure et mente bibit et verba cadentia promoPromptus utroque levat, oculique et mentis in illoFixa vigilque manet acies aurisque maritatPronuba dilectam cupida cum meute Minervam."
Abelard,6.Aberdeen, Univ. of,105,106,107,122-3.Ælius Donatus,138.Aix, Univ. of,39,112,114.Alexander de Villa Dei,138.Alfonso the Wise,9.Alyard, Edmund,153-4.Angers, Univ. of,7,147.—— Coll. of Breuil at,90.Anselm, St,6.Arezzo, Studium at,7.Aristotle,138-143.Arts, The Seven Liberal,137-9.Avignon, Univ. of,88,112.—— College of Annecy at,113.—— College of Notre Dame de Pitié at,88,90.—— Confraternity of St Sebastian at,112.Bagley Wood,97.Bateman, Bishop,70.Boethius,139.Bologna, Spanish College at,19,34,93.—— Studium Generale at,6,8,9.—— Universities of,11-34,44,46-7,48,140.Caen, Univ. of,148.Cahors, College of St Nicholas de Pelegry at,89,91.Caius, Dr,61,68.Cambridge, Univ. of,3,7,10,120,136-7,146-7.—— College discipline at,49-78.—— Colleges of—Caius,61,68,70;Christ's,66,69,71;Clare,59;Jesus,67;King's,62,64,66;Peterhouse,58,62,63,69,72;Trinity,68;Trinity Hall,70.Chaucer, Prologue to Canterbury Tales,1-3,73,74,75.Chichele, Archbishop,73.Cicero,138,139.College, meaning of word,5.Cologne, Univ. of,48.Dôle, Univ. of,39.Eberhard,139.Ely, Bishop of,47.Erfurt, Univ. of,48.Estoutville, Cardinal,94-5,143-4.Euclid,139.Farleigh,51,52.Florence, Univ. of,34-7.France, Universities of,12.Frederick Barbarossa,24-5.Frederick II.,8.Germany, Universities of,47-8,142.Gilbert de la Porrée,139.Glasgow, Univ. of,105,106,140.Gloys, James,153.Gregory IX.,9.Hearne, Thomas,122.Heidelberg, Univ. of,48,107-8,117,141.Henry II.,6.Henry VI.,58,61,63,66.Henry VIII.,58.Holler, Thomas,153.—— Robert,154.Holywood, John,139.Ingolstadt, Univ. of,105.Innocent III.,42,43.—— IV.,7,9.John XXI.,139.—— XXII.,10.—— King,7,45.Knox, Vicesimus,149.Leipsic, Univ. of,48.—— Collegium Maius at,89.—— Collegium Minus at,90.—— University discipline at,102-5,108.—— "Town and Gown" at,128-131.Lerida, Univ. of,37-8.Lincoln, See of,45,46.Louvain, Univ. of,48,145-6,149.—— University, discipline at,101-2,116.Lyons, Studium at,7,9.Lyra, Nicolaus de,139.Maldon,51,52,54.Marsilius,139.Melville, Andrew,140.Modena, Studium at,7,9.Merton, Walter de,50-6,134.Montpellier, Univ. of,7.—— College of Douze Medecins at,89.—— College of St Benedict at,91-3.—— College of Saint Ruf at,89,90.Naples, Univ. of,8."Nations,"14,15,18,19,20,43,44,46,78,79,131.Nicholas IV.,9,10.Orleans, Univ. of,7,115,128.Ovid,139.Oxford, Univ. of,6,10,39,45,47,49,120,133-142,146,147,149-155.—— College discipline at,49-78.—— University discipline at,095-101.—— "Town and Gown" at,124-128.Oxford, Colleges of—Balliol,71,122;Brasenose,66,67,122;Christ Church,68;Corpus Christi,60,67,68,72,105;Jesus,59;Lincoln,77;Magdalen,62,66,134;Merton,50-6,60,67,120,121,122,134;New College,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,66,67,71,76,77,120,133,147;Pembroke,68;Queen's,59,61,63,74,77;Worcester,68.Oxford, Halls of—Haburdaysh Hall,98;Pauline Hall,97;Peckwater Inn,97.Padua, Univ. of,7,10,34.Palencia, Studium at,7.Paris, Univ. of,6,7,9,11,40,41-5,49,128,133,134,139,141,142-6,148,157-8.—— College discipline at,78-88.—— "Jocund Advent" at,109-112.—— Univ. discipline at,94-5.Paris, Colleges of—Cambray,111;Clugny,88;Cornouaille,83,84,85,86,111,133;Dainville,87,111,144-6;Le Mans,79,84;Marmoutier,86;Plessis,82;St Bernard,83,85,86,110;Sorbonne,81,85,86,111,112;Tours,83;Treasurer's,79,80,87,111.Paston, John,154.—— Margaret,153.—— Walter,152-5.Peckham, Archbishop,55-6.Perpignan, Univ. of,38.Petrus Hispanus,139.Philip Augustus,42.Plessis, Geoffrey du,82.Porphyry,139.Prague, Univ. of,48,116,147.Priscian,139.Ptolemy,139.Reggio, Studium at,7.Reims, Studium at,7.Rostock, Univ. of,48.Rouen,79,80,81.Rudolf IV.,124.St Andrews, Univ. of,105,106,122.St Scholastica's Day,125-6.Salamanca, Studium at,7,9,39.Salerno, Univ. of,9.Saone, Guillaume de,79.Scayfe, Henry,77.Scotland, Universities of,48,105,140,142.Seggefyld, John,77.Studium Generale, meaning of,5-12.Toulouse, Univ. of,7,9,128.—— College de Foix at,89.—— College de Verdale at,91,144.Universitas, meaning of,4,5,10,11.Valladolid, Studium at,7.Vicenza, Studium at,7.Vienna, Univ. of,48,124,140,141,142,147.Virgil,139.Waynflete, William of,66,134.Wingfield, Sir E.,57.Wood, Antony à,120-2,125-126.Wolsey, Cardinal,68.Würzburg, Univ. of,48.Wykeham, William of,58,60,62,63,64,67,76,147.Zarncke, Friedrich,102.
Abelard,6.Aberdeen, Univ. of,105,106,107,122-3.Ælius Donatus,138.Aix, Univ. of,39,112,114.Alexander de Villa Dei,138.Alfonso the Wise,9.Alyard, Edmund,153-4.Angers, Univ. of,7,147.—— Coll. of Breuil at,90.Anselm, St,6.Arezzo, Studium at,7.Aristotle,138-143.Arts, The Seven Liberal,137-9.Avignon, Univ. of,88,112.—— College of Annecy at,113.—— College of Notre Dame de Pitié at,88,90.—— Confraternity of St Sebastian at,112.
Bagley Wood,97.Bateman, Bishop,70.Boethius,139.Bologna, Spanish College at,19,34,93.—— Studium Generale at,6,8,9.—— Universities of,11-34,44,46-7,48,140.
Caen, Univ. of,148.Cahors, College of St Nicholas de Pelegry at,89,91.Caius, Dr,61,68.Cambridge, Univ. of,3,7,10,120,136-7,146-7.—— College discipline at,49-78.—— Colleges of—Caius,61,68,70;Christ's,66,69,71;Clare,59;Jesus,67;King's,62,64,66;Peterhouse,58,62,63,69,72;Trinity,68;Trinity Hall,70.Chaucer, Prologue to Canterbury Tales,1-3,73,74,75.Chichele, Archbishop,73.Cicero,138,139.College, meaning of word,5.Cologne, Univ. of,48.
Dôle, Univ. of,39.
Eberhard,139.Ely, Bishop of,47.Erfurt, Univ. of,48.Estoutville, Cardinal,94-5,143-4.Euclid,139.
Farleigh,51,52.Florence, Univ. of,34-7.France, Universities of,12.Frederick Barbarossa,24-5.Frederick II.,8.
Germany, Universities of,47-8,142.Gilbert de la Porrée,139.Glasgow, Univ. of,105,106,140.Gloys, James,153.Gregory IX.,9.
Hearne, Thomas,122.Heidelberg, Univ. of,48,107-8,117,141.Henry II.,6.Henry VI.,58,61,63,66.Henry VIII.,58.Holler, Thomas,153.—— Robert,154.Holywood, John,139.
Ingolstadt, Univ. of,105.Innocent III.,42,43.—— IV.,7,9.
John XXI.,139.—— XXII.,10.—— King,7,45.
Knox, Vicesimus,149.
Leipsic, Univ. of,48.—— Collegium Maius at,89.—— Collegium Minus at,90.—— University discipline at,102-5,108.—— "Town and Gown" at,128-131.Lerida, Univ. of,37-8.Lincoln, See of,45,46.Louvain, Univ. of,48,145-6,149.—— University, discipline at,101-2,116.Lyons, Studium at,7,9.Lyra, Nicolaus de,139.
Maldon,51,52,54.Marsilius,139.Melville, Andrew,140.Modena, Studium at,7,9.Merton, Walter de,50-6,134.Montpellier, Univ. of,7.—— College of Douze Medecins at,89.—— College of St Benedict at,91-3.—— College of Saint Ruf at,89,90.
Naples, Univ. of,8."Nations,"14,15,18,19,20,43,44,46,78,79,131.Nicholas IV.,9,10.Orleans, Univ. of,7,115,128.Ovid,139.Oxford, Univ. of,6,10,39,45,47,49,120,133-142,146,147,149-155.—— College discipline at,49-78.—— University discipline at,095-101.—— "Town and Gown" at,124-128.Oxford, Colleges of—Balliol,71,122;Brasenose,66,67,122;Christ Church,68;Corpus Christi,60,67,68,72,105;Jesus,59;Lincoln,77;Magdalen,62,66,134;Merton,50-6,60,67,120,121,122,134;New College,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,66,67,71,76,77,120,133,147;Pembroke,68;Queen's,59,61,63,74,77;Worcester,68.Oxford, Halls of—Haburdaysh Hall,98;Pauline Hall,97;Peckwater Inn,97.
Padua, Univ. of,7,10,34.Palencia, Studium at,7.Paris, Univ. of,6,7,9,11,40,41-5,49,128,133,134,139,141,142-6,148,157-8.—— College discipline at,78-88.—— "Jocund Advent" at,109-112.—— Univ. discipline at,94-5.Paris, Colleges of—Cambray,111;Clugny,88;Cornouaille,83,84,85,86,111,133;Dainville,87,111,144-6;Le Mans,79,84;Marmoutier,86;Plessis,82;St Bernard,83,85,86,110;Sorbonne,81,85,86,111,112;Tours,83;Treasurer's,79,80,87,111.Paston, John,154.—— Margaret,153.—— Walter,152-5.Peckham, Archbishop,55-6.Perpignan, Univ. of,38.Petrus Hispanus,139.Philip Augustus,42.Plessis, Geoffrey du,82.Porphyry,139.Prague, Univ. of,48,116,147.Priscian,139.Ptolemy,139.
Reggio, Studium at,7.Reims, Studium at,7.Rostock, Univ. of,48.Rouen,79,80,81.Rudolf IV.,124.
St Andrews, Univ. of,105,106,122.St Scholastica's Day,125-6.Salamanca, Studium at,7,9,39.Salerno, Univ. of,9.Saone, Guillaume de,79.Scayfe, Henry,77.Scotland, Universities of,48,105,140,142.Seggefyld, John,77.Studium Generale, meaning of,5-12.
Toulouse, Univ. of,7,9,128.—— College de Foix at,89.—— College de Verdale at,91,144.
Universitas, meaning of,4,5,10,11.
Valladolid, Studium at,7.Vicenza, Studium at,7.Vienna, Univ. of,48,124,140,141,142,147.Virgil,139.
Waynflete, William of,66,134.Wingfield, Sir E.,57.Wood, Antony à,120-2,125-126.Wolsey, Cardinal,68.Würzburg, Univ. of,48.Wykeham, William of,58,60,62,63,64,67,76,147.
Zarncke, Friedrich,102.
Footnote 1:The prison was called "Bocardo" because, like the mood known as "Bocardo" in the syllogism, it was difficult to get out of.(Back)