CONDORCET.1744-1794.Birth of Marie Jean Antoine de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet1744.175Ætat. 21. His Essay on the Integral Calculus1765.175His scientific Works175Is appointed joint Secretary of the Academy of Sciences175His Friendship with D'Alembert176Visits M. de Voltaire at Ferney176Edits the "Pensées" of M. Pascal177A Friend of the Minister Turgot178His Reply to M. Necker on the Corn Question178He writes the "Reflections on Negro Slavery"178Refutation of De Lolme on the English Constitution179Mental Qualities of Condorcet179His Influence at the Commencement of the French Revolution180Ætat. 44. Writes a Declaration of the Rights of Man, on theConvocation of the States-General1789.180Flight of Louis XVI. to Varennes181Marquis de Condorcet, a Deputy of the City of Paris in theNational Assembly182His Speech relating to the Emigration182His "Declaration" adopted by that Body183His Character for Integrity184A vigorous Opponent to monarchical Government184His Theories, and Idea of public Virtue185The Girondists treat with the Court and lose Influence thereby186Manifesto of the Duke of Brunswick187Marquis de Condorcet popular187Did not vote for the Death of Louis XVI.188Ætat. 49. Denounced as Brissot's Accomplice, is obliged toconceal himself1793.190His "Historical Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind"190Is obliged to fly, but is seized at Chamont, and perishes of Hungerand Cold in a Prison192His Character pourtrayed by Madame Roland193Mademoiselle de Condorcet married to Arthur O'Connor194MIRABEAU.1749-1791.Family of the Marquis de Mirabeau195Originally Italian, and named Arrighetti195Valour of the Marquis Jean Antoine de Mirabeau196His high Character196Victor, Marquis de Mirabeau, a tyrannical Father197His literary Reputation founded on his "L'Ami des Hommes"197Is imprisoned for writing the "Théorie de Impôt"197Marries Marie Geneviève, Marchioness de Saulvebeuf, and haseleven Children193Instals Madame de Pailly over his Household198This occasions a Separation from his Marchioness198His Prejudice against GABRIEL HONORÉ DE MIRABEAU, his fifthChild, the Subject of this Article199Accuses him of an innate Depravity of Character201The Father makes him undergo a severe Education202Gabriel serves in the Regiment of the Marquis de Lambert, astrict Disciplinarian203The Marquis Victor de Mirabeau obtains a Lettre-de-cachet andimprisons Gabriel204Gabriel de Mirabeau declares his love of a military Life205Ætat. 23. He marries Marie Emilie de Covet, Daughter of theMarquis de Marignane1772.207Incurs Debts, and is confined by his Father by means of aLettre-de-cachet207Is jealous of the Chevalier de Gassaud209His Quarrel with the Baron de Villeneuve-Moans209Is imprisoned by his Father in the Castle of If, near Marseilles209Ætat. 26. Is transferred to the Fortress of Joux1775.210His amour with Madame de Monnier (Sophie de Ruffey)212He escapes from Prison213Is indignant at his Father's Severity214Ætat. 27. He flies with Madame de Monnier to Holland, andearns a Subsistence by his Pen1776.215M. de Monnier prosecutes him and Madame de Monnier, andthey are condemned to ignominious Punishments in theirAbsence216Ætat. 28. They are arrested at Amsterdam, and Gabriel deMirabeau is imprisoned at Vincennes1777.217His Complaints of the long Persecution of him218His Writings during Imprisonment219"Essay on Lettres-de-Cachet and State Prisons"219Death of his Son219Endeavours to persuade his Wife to live with him221Ætat. 31. Is enlarged after Forty-one Months'Imprisonment1780.221,223Subsequent History of Madame de Monnier222His Father conducts himself with Kindness towards him223Ætat. 33. Mirabeau's Sentence for the Seduction of Madame deMonnier reversed1782.223He fails in a Suit to compel Madame de Mirabeau to live withhim224Ætat. 35. Visits London, but is not successful in the Professionof an Author1784.225Renewed Cruelty of his Father, who reduces him to a State ofDestitution225Ætat. 36. Returned to France, writes on financial Subjects; andfor a Pamphlet on the system of "Agiotage" is compelled tofly to Liege1785.226Ætat. 38. Financial Controversy with Necker1787.226His early Exertions in favour of Revolution226Occasional Display of his powerful Eloquence228His Independence as a political Economist228Ætat. 39. His Reputation at its height1788.229Ætat. 40. Convocation of the States-General1789.230Mirabeau excluded by the Nobility of Provence from hisPrivileges as a Noble231His "Correspondence from Berlin" condemned to be burnt232Becomes a popular Leader of the Provençeaux, and isenthusiastically received at Aix and Marseilles232Disturbances in Provence, on account of Scarcity, allayed byMirabeau233Is elected Deputy for Marseilles and for Aix in the "Tiers Etat;"he sits for the latter Town234He publishes a Journal of the Proceedings of the Chambers234His political Writings235The National Assembly235He draws a Line between the royal and legislative Power, orbetween the Throne and the People236His Energy and Eloquence in the Chamber238Address to Louis XVI.239Death of the Marquis Victor de Mirabeau1789.240Mirabeau's genuine Sorrow on that Event, forgetful of his longPersecution by his Father240Louis' Ministers draw Troops around the Capital240Destruction of the Bastille241Mirabeau's Speech against the Court Party, on the Scarcity ofGrain242He supports M. Necker's Proposal of a Subsidy of one-fourth ofthe Income of all Proprietors242He maintains that the Royal Authority is essential to the Balanceof Power between the Aristocracy and People243The Orléans Party237,246Popularity of Mirabeau with the Parisians247In what degree Mirabeau is to be considered the real Defenderof the Monarchy248He negociates with the Court249His Enthusiasm nevertheless maintains his Influence over theNational Assembly250His Speech on the Establishment of the Convention250Ætat. 42. His splendid Style of Living1791.251Supposed to be supplied by the Court with Resources, as the chiefSupporter of Royalty251His Deference to the Assembly, and Conciseness of his energeticSpeeches252Original of his Treaty with the Court, in the Hand-writing ofMonsieur [Louis XVIII.]252Mirabeau's ill Health253His last Struggle with the Jacobins, or "Mountain"254Sickness of Mirabeau excites the Fears of both King and People255His notion of the Character of the Rt. Hon. William Pitt256Death of Mirabeau256His Sepulture in the Pantheon at Paris257His Misfortunes257His wit258His Character of La Fayette258Allusion to his military Talents259MADAME ROLAND.1754-1793.Mémoires of Madame Roland, and Considerations thereon260Birth of Manon Phlipon1751.261Care of her Education by her Father, an Engraver of some merit261Domestic Economy of her parental Roof262Madame Phlipon's Piety262Mademoiselle Phlipon's Residence in a Convent263Her Admiration of Blaise Pascal and Port Royal, or theJansenist' Party263She rejects the Theories of M. Helvetius263Her Enthusiasm in the Cause of Liberty264Her Rejection of many Suitors265Death of Madame Phlipon266Impression of the "Nouvelle Héloïse" on the ardent Mind ofManon Phlipon267Her Habits of Economy and Seclusion from Society267History of M. Roland de la Platière268Ætat. 25. His Offer to marry Mademoiselle Phlipon, and Refusalby her Father1779.268Ætat. 26. Their Union takes place1780.270Madame Roland accompanies her Husband to Switzerland andEngland271Her Letters271,274Ætat. 32. Her placid Temper, and domestic Happiness1785.274The French Revolution. M. Roland's Mission from theMunicipality of Lyon to the National Assembly on financial Affairs1789.272Ætat. 37. Madame Roland's Visit to, and Residence in, Paris1791.273Writings of M. Roland273Beauty and political Influence of Madame Roland273M. and Mdme. Roland form a Friendship with Brissot and theGironde Party273Madame Roland's Opinions anti-monarchical275Position of Louis XVI.275M. Roland appointed Minister of the Interior1792.277General Dumouriez Minister for Foreign Affairs277Roland's Letter to Louis XVI. written by his Wife, occasions hisDismission278Recalled to the Ministry279The Massacre of Prisoners in September alarms Madame Roland280Robespierre, Danton, and Marat280Description of Madame de Roland281M. Roland exhibits considerable Intrepidity during the popularAgitations282Madame Roland is hated by the "Mountain" Party283Robespierre denounced by Louvet284Death of the King1793.285M. Roland resigns286Arrest of Madame Roland287Her calm Demeanour288The Reign of Terror in Paris and France290Condemnation of the Girondists290Brissot and the Girondists executed291Accusation and Defence of Madame Roland291Ætat. 39. Her Execution292Interesting Character of this celebrated Authoress293MADAME DE STAËL.1765-1817.M. Necker of Geneva early in life placed in a Banking-house295His Partnership in Thelusson's Firm295His "Éloge de Colbert"1773.295Minister from Geneva, and appointed Director-general of Financein France296He marries Mademoiselle Churchod296Allusion to Gibbon the Historian296April 22. Birth of their only Daughter, afterwards Baronne deStaël1766.296Her Education under the parental Roof296MM. Thomas, Marmontel, de Grimm, &c. form the literarySociety at M. Necker's297Society at M. Necker's297Talent of Conversation early acquired by Mlle. Necker297Her Writings298She delights M. Necker by her Talents and Wit300Publication of M. Necker's "Compte Rendu," or Statement ofFrench Finance301His Retirement to his Estate of Saint-Ouen302Purchase of Coppet on the Lake of Geneva303Publication of his financial Work, written at Coppet303Administration of M. Calonne304Ætat. 20. His Daughter's Marriage with the Baron de StaëlHolstein, Swedish Ambassador to France1786.305Portrait given at that period of Madame de Staël306M. Necker Minister, Revival of public Credit1788.307Convocation of the States-General1789.307Louis XVI. commands him to retire quietly from France307Troops collected round Paris, by Louis, against the People308M. Necker generously leaves two Millions of Livres in theNational Treasury309,313Madame de Staël's Description of the Journeys to and fromSwitzerland309,313Destruction of the Bastille, and Recall of M. Necker310His Popularity311Sentiments of Madame de Staël311Necker again retires to Coppet1790.313Madame de Staël witnesses the Tumults of the Capital in August,&c.1792.314Her Endeavour to save M. de Lally-Tolendal314Her Carriage stopt by the Republicans; she claims Privilege asWife of a foreign Minister315She is carried before Robespierre, Collet d'Herbois, and theRevolutionary Tribunal316Is saved by the Republican Manuel, who obtains Leave for herto quit France317Her Emotion on the Journey across the Jura to Coppet317Her Appeal in favour of Marie Antoinette1793.318M. Necker's Pamphlet designed to save Louis XVI.318Madame de Staël's "Reflections on the Peace"1794.318Death of Madame Necker318M. de Staël resides at Paris as Swedish Minister1795.319Madame de Staël's Residence there considered as an Epochin Society319Reign of the Directory320Napoleon Buonaparte, unfavourable to Madame de Staël321Their Interviews321His Attack on the Helvetian Republic322Madame de Staël retires to M. Necker's at Coppet1798.322She presents a Memorial at Paris in the Name of M. Necker,requiring to be erased from the List of Emigrants, and succeedstherein323Ætat. 33. She Witnesses the Overthrow of the Directory byBuonaparte1799.323Account of Benjamin Constant324Jealousy of Buonaparte on Account of Madame de Staël'sInfluence in Parisian Society324His Interview with M. Necker on his Route to Italy325French Police, and Fouché, Minister325M. de Staël Holstein recalled to Sweden1799.327Ætat. 36. His daughter joins M. Necker at Coppet, and the Baronde Staël dies1802.327Publication of her "Delphine"327Critique of that Work327M. Necker's "Last View of Politics and Finance"328Madame de Staël's Affection for her Father328Ætat. 37. She returns to France on the Rupture of the Peace ofAmiens1803.329Is ordered to quit France within twenty-four Hours329Her Regret on being exiled330She is accompanied by Benjamin Constant, and receives Tidingsof M. Necker's Decease1804.330She resides at Coppet330Her "Dix Années d'Exil"330Her Education of her Children331Ætat. 39. Her Visit to Italy1805.331Criticism on her "Corinne"331She revisits France and repairs to Rouen332Not having flattered Napoleon in her Writings, she is againexiled333She visits Vienna333At Coppet she writes her Work on "Germany"333,334Ætat. 44. Attempts to publish her "Germany" at Blois; theEdition seized, anti she is again banished1810.334Forbidden to visit Aix in Savoy for the Recovery of her Son'sHealth335William Schlegel ordered to quit Coppet by the Authorities336Madame de Staël makes a Tour through Switzerland in companyof M. de Montmorency336M. de Montmorency exiled336Persecution of Madame de Staël337M. Rocca, a Spanish Officer in the French service, visits Geneva1810.337He offers his Hand to Madame de Staël338Their Marriage338Madame de Staël escapes from Coppet1812.338Travels through Germany and Poland to Russia338Her Reception by the Emperor Alexander at St. Petersburg339Her "Dix Années d'Exil"339She visits Sweden and England339Lord Byron339,340Louis XVIII, repays to Madame de Staël the two Millions ofFrancs advanced by Necker to Louis XVI.1814.339The Duke de Broglie marries the Daughter of Madame de Staël340Ill-health of M. Rocca340Madame de Staël's Character and Sentiments341Ætat. 51. Her Death in Paris1817.341Death of M. Rocca341Criticism on the Writings of Madame de Staël342The Viscount de Chateaubriand's Opinion of her343Her "Dix Années d'Exil"343Her "Germany"343Her political Sentiments343
CONDORCET.1744-1794.
CONDORCET.
1744-1794.
Birth of Marie Jean Antoine de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet1744.175Ætat. 21. His Essay on the Integral Calculus1765.175His scientific Works175Is appointed joint Secretary of the Academy of Sciences175His Friendship with D'Alembert176Visits M. de Voltaire at Ferney176Edits the "Pensées" of M. Pascal177A Friend of the Minister Turgot178His Reply to M. Necker on the Corn Question178He writes the "Reflections on Negro Slavery"178Refutation of De Lolme on the English Constitution179Mental Qualities of Condorcet179His Influence at the Commencement of the French Revolution180Ætat. 44. Writes a Declaration of the Rights of Man, on theConvocation of the States-General1789.180Flight of Louis XVI. to Varennes181Marquis de Condorcet, a Deputy of the City of Paris in theNational Assembly182His Speech relating to the Emigration182His "Declaration" adopted by that Body183His Character for Integrity184A vigorous Opponent to monarchical Government184His Theories, and Idea of public Virtue185The Girondists treat with the Court and lose Influence thereby186Manifesto of the Duke of Brunswick187Marquis de Condorcet popular187Did not vote for the Death of Louis XVI.188Ætat. 49. Denounced as Brissot's Accomplice, is obliged toconceal himself1793.190His "Historical Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind"190Is obliged to fly, but is seized at Chamont, and perishes of Hungerand Cold in a Prison192His Character pourtrayed by Madame Roland193Mademoiselle de Condorcet married to Arthur O'Connor194
Birth of Marie Jean Antoine de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet
1744.
175
Ætat. 21. His Essay on the Integral Calculus
1765.
175
His scientific Works
175
Is appointed joint Secretary of the Academy of Sciences
175
His Friendship with D'Alembert
176
Visits M. de Voltaire at Ferney
176
Edits the "Pensées" of M. Pascal
177
A Friend of the Minister Turgot
178
His Reply to M. Necker on the Corn Question
178
He writes the "Reflections on Negro Slavery"
178
Refutation of De Lolme on the English Constitution
179
Mental Qualities of Condorcet
179
His Influence at the Commencement of the French Revolution
180
Ætat. 44. Writes a Declaration of the Rights of Man, on theConvocation of the States-General
1789.
180
Flight of Louis XVI. to Varennes
181
Marquis de Condorcet, a Deputy of the City of Paris in theNational Assembly
182
His Speech relating to the Emigration
182
His "Declaration" adopted by that Body
183
His Character for Integrity
184
A vigorous Opponent to monarchical Government
184
His Theories, and Idea of public Virtue
185
The Girondists treat with the Court and lose Influence thereby
186
Manifesto of the Duke of Brunswick
187
Marquis de Condorcet popular
187
Did not vote for the Death of Louis XVI.
188
Ætat. 49. Denounced as Brissot's Accomplice, is obliged toconceal himself
1793.
190
His "Historical Sketch of the Progress of the Human Mind"
190
Is obliged to fly, but is seized at Chamont, and perishes of Hungerand Cold in a Prison
192
His Character pourtrayed by Madame Roland
193
Mademoiselle de Condorcet married to Arthur O'Connor
194
MIRABEAU.1749-1791.
MIRABEAU.
1749-1791.
Family of the Marquis de Mirabeau195Originally Italian, and named Arrighetti195Valour of the Marquis Jean Antoine de Mirabeau196His high Character196Victor, Marquis de Mirabeau, a tyrannical Father197His literary Reputation founded on his "L'Ami des Hommes"197Is imprisoned for writing the "Théorie de Impôt"197Marries Marie Geneviève, Marchioness de Saulvebeuf, and haseleven Children193Instals Madame de Pailly over his Household198This occasions a Separation from his Marchioness198His Prejudice against GABRIEL HONORÉ DE MIRABEAU, his fifthChild, the Subject of this Article199Accuses him of an innate Depravity of Character201The Father makes him undergo a severe Education202Gabriel serves in the Regiment of the Marquis de Lambert, astrict Disciplinarian203The Marquis Victor de Mirabeau obtains a Lettre-de-cachet andimprisons Gabriel204Gabriel de Mirabeau declares his love of a military Life205Ætat. 23. He marries Marie Emilie de Covet, Daughter of theMarquis de Marignane1772.207Incurs Debts, and is confined by his Father by means of aLettre-de-cachet207Is jealous of the Chevalier de Gassaud209His Quarrel with the Baron de Villeneuve-Moans209Is imprisoned by his Father in the Castle of If, near Marseilles209Ætat. 26. Is transferred to the Fortress of Joux1775.210His amour with Madame de Monnier (Sophie de Ruffey)212He escapes from Prison213Is indignant at his Father's Severity214Ætat. 27. He flies with Madame de Monnier to Holland, andearns a Subsistence by his Pen1776.215M. de Monnier prosecutes him and Madame de Monnier, andthey are condemned to ignominious Punishments in theirAbsence216Ætat. 28. They are arrested at Amsterdam, and Gabriel deMirabeau is imprisoned at Vincennes1777.217His Complaints of the long Persecution of him218His Writings during Imprisonment219"Essay on Lettres-de-Cachet and State Prisons"219Death of his Son219Endeavours to persuade his Wife to live with him221Ætat. 31. Is enlarged after Forty-one Months'Imprisonment1780.221,223Subsequent History of Madame de Monnier222His Father conducts himself with Kindness towards him223Ætat. 33. Mirabeau's Sentence for the Seduction of Madame deMonnier reversed1782.223He fails in a Suit to compel Madame de Mirabeau to live withhim224Ætat. 35. Visits London, but is not successful in the Professionof an Author1784.225Renewed Cruelty of his Father, who reduces him to a State ofDestitution225Ætat. 36. Returned to France, writes on financial Subjects; andfor a Pamphlet on the system of "Agiotage" is compelled tofly to Liege1785.226Ætat. 38. Financial Controversy with Necker1787.226His early Exertions in favour of Revolution226Occasional Display of his powerful Eloquence228His Independence as a political Economist228Ætat. 39. His Reputation at its height1788.229Ætat. 40. Convocation of the States-General1789.230Mirabeau excluded by the Nobility of Provence from hisPrivileges as a Noble231His "Correspondence from Berlin" condemned to be burnt232Becomes a popular Leader of the Provençeaux, and isenthusiastically received at Aix and Marseilles232Disturbances in Provence, on account of Scarcity, allayed byMirabeau233Is elected Deputy for Marseilles and for Aix in the "Tiers Etat;"he sits for the latter Town234He publishes a Journal of the Proceedings of the Chambers234His political Writings235The National Assembly235He draws a Line between the royal and legislative Power, orbetween the Throne and the People236His Energy and Eloquence in the Chamber238Address to Louis XVI.239Death of the Marquis Victor de Mirabeau1789.240Mirabeau's genuine Sorrow on that Event, forgetful of his longPersecution by his Father240Louis' Ministers draw Troops around the Capital240Destruction of the Bastille241Mirabeau's Speech against the Court Party, on the Scarcity ofGrain242He supports M. Necker's Proposal of a Subsidy of one-fourth ofthe Income of all Proprietors242He maintains that the Royal Authority is essential to the Balanceof Power between the Aristocracy and People243The Orléans Party237,246Popularity of Mirabeau with the Parisians247In what degree Mirabeau is to be considered the real Defenderof the Monarchy248He negociates with the Court249His Enthusiasm nevertheless maintains his Influence over theNational Assembly250His Speech on the Establishment of the Convention250Ætat. 42. His splendid Style of Living1791.251Supposed to be supplied by the Court with Resources, as the chiefSupporter of Royalty251His Deference to the Assembly, and Conciseness of his energeticSpeeches252Original of his Treaty with the Court, in the Hand-writing ofMonsieur [Louis XVIII.]252Mirabeau's ill Health253His last Struggle with the Jacobins, or "Mountain"254Sickness of Mirabeau excites the Fears of both King and People255His notion of the Character of the Rt. Hon. William Pitt256Death of Mirabeau256His Sepulture in the Pantheon at Paris257His Misfortunes257His wit258His Character of La Fayette258Allusion to his military Talents259
Family of the Marquis de Mirabeau
195
Originally Italian, and named Arrighetti
195
Valour of the Marquis Jean Antoine de Mirabeau
196
His high Character
196
Victor, Marquis de Mirabeau, a tyrannical Father
197
His literary Reputation founded on his "L'Ami des Hommes"
197
Is imprisoned for writing the "Théorie de Impôt"
197
Marries Marie Geneviève, Marchioness de Saulvebeuf, and haseleven Children
193
Instals Madame de Pailly over his Household
198
This occasions a Separation from his Marchioness
198
His Prejudice against GABRIEL HONORÉ DE MIRABEAU, his fifthChild, the Subject of this Article
199
Accuses him of an innate Depravity of Character
201
The Father makes him undergo a severe Education
202
Gabriel serves in the Regiment of the Marquis de Lambert, astrict Disciplinarian
203
The Marquis Victor de Mirabeau obtains a Lettre-de-cachet andimprisons Gabriel
204
Gabriel de Mirabeau declares his love of a military Life
205
Ætat. 23. He marries Marie Emilie de Covet, Daughter of theMarquis de Marignane
1772.
207
Incurs Debts, and is confined by his Father by means of aLettre-de-cachet
207
Is jealous of the Chevalier de Gassaud
209
His Quarrel with the Baron de Villeneuve-Moans
209
Is imprisoned by his Father in the Castle of If, near Marseilles
209
Ætat. 26. Is transferred to the Fortress of Joux
1775.
210
His amour with Madame de Monnier (Sophie de Ruffey)
212
He escapes from Prison
213
Is indignant at his Father's Severity
214
Ætat. 27. He flies with Madame de Monnier to Holland, andearns a Subsistence by his Pen
1776.
215
M. de Monnier prosecutes him and Madame de Monnier, andthey are condemned to ignominious Punishments in theirAbsence
216
Ætat. 28. They are arrested at Amsterdam, and Gabriel deMirabeau is imprisoned at Vincennes
1777.
217
His Complaints of the long Persecution of him
218
His Writings during Imprisonment
219
"Essay on Lettres-de-Cachet and State Prisons"
219
Death of his Son
219
Endeavours to persuade his Wife to live with him
221
Ætat. 31. Is enlarged after Forty-one Months'Imprisonment
1780.
221,223
Subsequent History of Madame de Monnier
222
His Father conducts himself with Kindness towards him
223
Ætat. 33. Mirabeau's Sentence for the Seduction of Madame deMonnier reversed
1782.
223
He fails in a Suit to compel Madame de Mirabeau to live withhim
224
Ætat. 35. Visits London, but is not successful in the Professionof an Author
1784.
225
Renewed Cruelty of his Father, who reduces him to a State ofDestitution
225
Ætat. 36. Returned to France, writes on financial Subjects; andfor a Pamphlet on the system of "Agiotage" is compelled tofly to Liege
1785.
226
Ætat. 38. Financial Controversy with Necker
1787.
226
His early Exertions in favour of Revolution
226
Occasional Display of his powerful Eloquence
228
His Independence as a political Economist
228
Ætat. 39. His Reputation at its height
1788.
229
Ætat. 40. Convocation of the States-General
1789.
230
Mirabeau excluded by the Nobility of Provence from hisPrivileges as a Noble
231
His "Correspondence from Berlin" condemned to be burnt
232
Becomes a popular Leader of the Provençeaux, and isenthusiastically received at Aix and Marseilles
232
Disturbances in Provence, on account of Scarcity, allayed byMirabeau
233
Is elected Deputy for Marseilles and for Aix in the "Tiers Etat;"he sits for the latter Town
234
He publishes a Journal of the Proceedings of the Chambers
234
His political Writings
235
The National Assembly
235
He draws a Line between the royal and legislative Power, orbetween the Throne and the People
236
His Energy and Eloquence in the Chamber
238
Address to Louis XVI.
239
Death of the Marquis Victor de Mirabeau
1789.
240
Mirabeau's genuine Sorrow on that Event, forgetful of his longPersecution by his Father
240
Louis' Ministers draw Troops around the Capital
240
Destruction of the Bastille
241
Mirabeau's Speech against the Court Party, on the Scarcity ofGrain
242
He supports M. Necker's Proposal of a Subsidy of one-fourth ofthe Income of all Proprietors
242
He maintains that the Royal Authority is essential to the Balanceof Power between the Aristocracy and People
243
The Orléans Party
237,246
Popularity of Mirabeau with the Parisians
247
In what degree Mirabeau is to be considered the real Defenderof the Monarchy
248
He negociates with the Court
249
His Enthusiasm nevertheless maintains his Influence over theNational Assembly
250
His Speech on the Establishment of the Convention
250
Ætat. 42. His splendid Style of Living
1791.
251
Supposed to be supplied by the Court with Resources, as the chiefSupporter of Royalty
251
His Deference to the Assembly, and Conciseness of his energeticSpeeches
252
Original of his Treaty with the Court, in the Hand-writing ofMonsieur [Louis XVIII.]
252
Mirabeau's ill Health
253
His last Struggle with the Jacobins, or "Mountain"
254
Sickness of Mirabeau excites the Fears of both King and People
255
His notion of the Character of the Rt. Hon. William Pitt
256
Death of Mirabeau
256
His Sepulture in the Pantheon at Paris
257
His Misfortunes
257
His wit
258
His Character of La Fayette
258
Allusion to his military Talents
259
MADAME ROLAND.1754-1793.
MADAME ROLAND.
1754-1793.
Mémoires of Madame Roland, and Considerations thereon260Birth of Manon Phlipon1751.261Care of her Education by her Father, an Engraver of some merit261Domestic Economy of her parental Roof262Madame Phlipon's Piety262Mademoiselle Phlipon's Residence in a Convent263Her Admiration of Blaise Pascal and Port Royal, or theJansenist' Party263She rejects the Theories of M. Helvetius263Her Enthusiasm in the Cause of Liberty264Her Rejection of many Suitors265Death of Madame Phlipon266Impression of the "Nouvelle Héloïse" on the ardent Mind ofManon Phlipon267Her Habits of Economy and Seclusion from Society267History of M. Roland de la Platière268Ætat. 25. His Offer to marry Mademoiselle Phlipon, and Refusalby her Father1779.268Ætat. 26. Their Union takes place1780.270Madame Roland accompanies her Husband to Switzerland andEngland271Her Letters271,274Ætat. 32. Her placid Temper, and domestic Happiness1785.274The French Revolution. M. Roland's Mission from theMunicipality of Lyon to the National Assembly on financial Affairs1789.272Ætat. 37. Madame Roland's Visit to, and Residence in, Paris1791.273Writings of M. Roland273Beauty and political Influence of Madame Roland273M. and Mdme. Roland form a Friendship with Brissot and theGironde Party273Madame Roland's Opinions anti-monarchical275Position of Louis XVI.275M. Roland appointed Minister of the Interior1792.277General Dumouriez Minister for Foreign Affairs277Roland's Letter to Louis XVI. written by his Wife, occasions hisDismission278Recalled to the Ministry279The Massacre of Prisoners in September alarms Madame Roland280Robespierre, Danton, and Marat280Description of Madame de Roland281M. Roland exhibits considerable Intrepidity during the popularAgitations282Madame Roland is hated by the "Mountain" Party283Robespierre denounced by Louvet284Death of the King1793.285M. Roland resigns286Arrest of Madame Roland287Her calm Demeanour288The Reign of Terror in Paris and France290Condemnation of the Girondists290Brissot and the Girondists executed291Accusation and Defence of Madame Roland291Ætat. 39. Her Execution292Interesting Character of this celebrated Authoress293
Mémoires of Madame Roland, and Considerations thereon
260
Birth of Manon Phlipon
1751.
261
Care of her Education by her Father, an Engraver of some merit
261
Domestic Economy of her parental Roof
262
Madame Phlipon's Piety
262
Mademoiselle Phlipon's Residence in a Convent
263
Her Admiration of Blaise Pascal and Port Royal, or theJansenist' Party
263
She rejects the Theories of M. Helvetius
263
Her Enthusiasm in the Cause of Liberty
264
Her Rejection of many Suitors
265
Death of Madame Phlipon
266
Impression of the "Nouvelle Héloïse" on the ardent Mind ofManon Phlipon
267
Her Habits of Economy and Seclusion from Society
267
History of M. Roland de la Platière
268
Ætat. 25. His Offer to marry Mademoiselle Phlipon, and Refusalby her Father
1779.
268
Ætat. 26. Their Union takes place
1780.
270
Madame Roland accompanies her Husband to Switzerland andEngland
271
Her Letters
271,274
Ætat. 32. Her placid Temper, and domestic Happiness
1785.
274
The French Revolution. M. Roland's Mission from theMunicipality of Lyon to the National Assembly on financial Affairs
1789.
272
Ætat. 37. Madame Roland's Visit to, and Residence in, Paris
1791.
273
Writings of M. Roland
273
Beauty and political Influence of Madame Roland
273
M. and Mdme. Roland form a Friendship with Brissot and theGironde Party
273
Madame Roland's Opinions anti-monarchical
275
Position of Louis XVI.
275
M. Roland appointed Minister of the Interior
1792.
277
General Dumouriez Minister for Foreign Affairs
277
Roland's Letter to Louis XVI. written by his Wife, occasions hisDismission
278
Recalled to the Ministry
279
The Massacre of Prisoners in September alarms Madame Roland
280
Robespierre, Danton, and Marat
280
Description of Madame de Roland
281
M. Roland exhibits considerable Intrepidity during the popularAgitations
282
Madame Roland is hated by the "Mountain" Party
283
Robespierre denounced by Louvet
284
Death of the King
1793.
285
M. Roland resigns
286
Arrest of Madame Roland
287
Her calm Demeanour
288
The Reign of Terror in Paris and France
290
Condemnation of the Girondists
290
Brissot and the Girondists executed
291
Accusation and Defence of Madame Roland
291
Ætat. 39. Her Execution
292
Interesting Character of this celebrated Authoress
293
MADAME DE STAËL.1765-1817.
MADAME DE STAËL.
1765-1817.
M. Necker of Geneva early in life placed in a Banking-house295His Partnership in Thelusson's Firm295His "Éloge de Colbert"1773.295Minister from Geneva, and appointed Director-general of Financein France296He marries Mademoiselle Churchod296Allusion to Gibbon the Historian296April 22. Birth of their only Daughter, afterwards Baronne deStaël1766.296Her Education under the parental Roof296MM. Thomas, Marmontel, de Grimm, &c. form the literarySociety at M. Necker's297Society at M. Necker's297Talent of Conversation early acquired by Mlle. Necker297Her Writings298She delights M. Necker by her Talents and Wit300Publication of M. Necker's "Compte Rendu," or Statement ofFrench Finance301His Retirement to his Estate of Saint-Ouen302Purchase of Coppet on the Lake of Geneva303Publication of his financial Work, written at Coppet303Administration of M. Calonne304Ætat. 20. His Daughter's Marriage with the Baron de StaëlHolstein, Swedish Ambassador to France1786.305Portrait given at that period of Madame de Staël306M. Necker Minister, Revival of public Credit1788.307Convocation of the States-General1789.307Louis XVI. commands him to retire quietly from France307Troops collected round Paris, by Louis, against the People308M. Necker generously leaves two Millions of Livres in theNational Treasury309,313Madame de Staël's Description of the Journeys to and fromSwitzerland309,313Destruction of the Bastille, and Recall of M. Necker310His Popularity311Sentiments of Madame de Staël311Necker again retires to Coppet1790.313Madame de Staël witnesses the Tumults of the Capital in August,&c.1792.314Her Endeavour to save M. de Lally-Tolendal314Her Carriage stopt by the Republicans; she claims Privilege asWife of a foreign Minister315She is carried before Robespierre, Collet d'Herbois, and theRevolutionary Tribunal316Is saved by the Republican Manuel, who obtains Leave for herto quit France317Her Emotion on the Journey across the Jura to Coppet317Her Appeal in favour of Marie Antoinette1793.318M. Necker's Pamphlet designed to save Louis XVI.318Madame de Staël's "Reflections on the Peace"1794.318Death of Madame Necker318M. de Staël resides at Paris as Swedish Minister1795.319Madame de Staël's Residence there considered as an Epochin Society319Reign of the Directory320Napoleon Buonaparte, unfavourable to Madame de Staël321Their Interviews321His Attack on the Helvetian Republic322Madame de Staël retires to M. Necker's at Coppet1798.322She presents a Memorial at Paris in the Name of M. Necker,requiring to be erased from the List of Emigrants, and succeedstherein323Ætat. 33. She Witnesses the Overthrow of the Directory byBuonaparte1799.323Account of Benjamin Constant324Jealousy of Buonaparte on Account of Madame de Staël'sInfluence in Parisian Society324His Interview with M. Necker on his Route to Italy325French Police, and Fouché, Minister325M. de Staël Holstein recalled to Sweden1799.327Ætat. 36. His daughter joins M. Necker at Coppet, and the Baronde Staël dies1802.327Publication of her "Delphine"327Critique of that Work327M. Necker's "Last View of Politics and Finance"328Madame de Staël's Affection for her Father328Ætat. 37. She returns to France on the Rupture of the Peace ofAmiens1803.329Is ordered to quit France within twenty-four Hours329Her Regret on being exiled330She is accompanied by Benjamin Constant, and receives Tidingsof M. Necker's Decease1804.330She resides at Coppet330Her "Dix Années d'Exil"330Her Education of her Children331Ætat. 39. Her Visit to Italy1805.331Criticism on her "Corinne"331She revisits France and repairs to Rouen332Not having flattered Napoleon in her Writings, she is againexiled333She visits Vienna333At Coppet she writes her Work on "Germany"333,334Ætat. 44. Attempts to publish her "Germany" at Blois; theEdition seized, anti she is again banished1810.334Forbidden to visit Aix in Savoy for the Recovery of her Son'sHealth335William Schlegel ordered to quit Coppet by the Authorities336Madame de Staël makes a Tour through Switzerland in companyof M. de Montmorency336M. de Montmorency exiled336Persecution of Madame de Staël337M. Rocca, a Spanish Officer in the French service, visits Geneva1810.337He offers his Hand to Madame de Staël338Their Marriage338Madame de Staël escapes from Coppet1812.338Travels through Germany and Poland to Russia338Her Reception by the Emperor Alexander at St. Petersburg339Her "Dix Années d'Exil"339She visits Sweden and England339Lord Byron339,340Louis XVIII, repays to Madame de Staël the two Millions ofFrancs advanced by Necker to Louis XVI.1814.339The Duke de Broglie marries the Daughter of Madame de Staël340Ill-health of M. Rocca340Madame de Staël's Character and Sentiments341Ætat. 51. Her Death in Paris1817.341Death of M. Rocca341Criticism on the Writings of Madame de Staël342The Viscount de Chateaubriand's Opinion of her343Her "Dix Années d'Exil"343Her "Germany"343Her political Sentiments343
M. Necker of Geneva early in life placed in a Banking-house
295
His Partnership in Thelusson's Firm
295
His "Éloge de Colbert"
1773.
295
Minister from Geneva, and appointed Director-general of Financein France
296
He marries Mademoiselle Churchod
296
Allusion to Gibbon the Historian
296
April 22. Birth of their only Daughter, afterwards Baronne deStaël
1766.
296
Her Education under the parental Roof
296
MM. Thomas, Marmontel, de Grimm, &c. form the literarySociety at M. Necker's
297
Society at M. Necker's
297
Talent of Conversation early acquired by Mlle. Necker
297
Her Writings
298
She delights M. Necker by her Talents and Wit
300
Publication of M. Necker's "Compte Rendu," or Statement ofFrench Finance
301
His Retirement to his Estate of Saint-Ouen
302
Purchase of Coppet on the Lake of Geneva
303
Publication of his financial Work, written at Coppet
303
Administration of M. Calonne
304
Ætat. 20. His Daughter's Marriage with the Baron de StaëlHolstein, Swedish Ambassador to France
1786.
305
Portrait given at that period of Madame de Staël
306
M. Necker Minister, Revival of public Credit
1788.
307
Convocation of the States-General
1789.
307
Louis XVI. commands him to retire quietly from France
307
Troops collected round Paris, by Louis, against the People
308
M. Necker generously leaves two Millions of Livres in theNational Treasury
309,313
Madame de Staël's Description of the Journeys to and fromSwitzerland
309,313
Destruction of the Bastille, and Recall of M. Necker
310
His Popularity
311
Sentiments of Madame de Staël
311
Necker again retires to Coppet
1790.
313
Madame de Staël witnesses the Tumults of the Capital in August,&c.
1792.
314
Her Endeavour to save M. de Lally-Tolendal
314
Her Carriage stopt by the Republicans; she claims Privilege asWife of a foreign Minister
315
She is carried before Robespierre, Collet d'Herbois, and theRevolutionary Tribunal
316
Is saved by the Republican Manuel, who obtains Leave for herto quit France
317
Her Emotion on the Journey across the Jura to Coppet
317
Her Appeal in favour of Marie Antoinette
1793.
318
M. Necker's Pamphlet designed to save Louis XVI.
318
Madame de Staël's "Reflections on the Peace"
1794.
318
Death of Madame Necker
318
M. de Staël resides at Paris as Swedish Minister
1795.
319
Madame de Staël's Residence there considered as an Epochin Society
319
Reign of the Directory
320
Napoleon Buonaparte, unfavourable to Madame de Staël
321
Their Interviews
321
His Attack on the Helvetian Republic
322
Madame de Staël retires to M. Necker's at Coppet
1798.
322
She presents a Memorial at Paris in the Name of M. Necker,requiring to be erased from the List of Emigrants, and succeedstherein
323
Ætat. 33. She Witnesses the Overthrow of the Directory byBuonaparte
1799.
323
Account of Benjamin Constant
324
Jealousy of Buonaparte on Account of Madame de Staël'sInfluence in Parisian Society
324
His Interview with M. Necker on his Route to Italy
325
French Police, and Fouché, Minister
325
M. de Staël Holstein recalled to Sweden
1799.
327
Ætat. 36. His daughter joins M. Necker at Coppet, and the Baronde Staël dies
1802.
327
Publication of her "Delphine"
327
Critique of that Work
327
M. Necker's "Last View of Politics and Finance"
328
Madame de Staël's Affection for her Father
328
Ætat. 37. She returns to France on the Rupture of the Peace ofAmiens
1803.
329
Is ordered to quit France within twenty-four Hours
329
Her Regret on being exiled
330
She is accompanied by Benjamin Constant, and receives Tidingsof M. Necker's Decease
1804.
330
She resides at Coppet
330
Her "Dix Années d'Exil"
330
Her Education of her Children
331
Ætat. 39. Her Visit to Italy
1805.
331
Criticism on her "Corinne"
331
She revisits France and repairs to Rouen
332
Not having flattered Napoleon in her Writings, she is againexiled
333
She visits Vienna
333
At Coppet she writes her Work on "Germany"
333,334
Ætat. 44. Attempts to publish her "Germany" at Blois; theEdition seized, anti she is again banished
1810.
334
Forbidden to visit Aix in Savoy for the Recovery of her Son'sHealth
335
William Schlegel ordered to quit Coppet by the Authorities
336
Madame de Staël makes a Tour through Switzerland in companyof M. de Montmorency
336
M. de Montmorency exiled
336
Persecution of Madame de Staël
337
M. Rocca, a Spanish Officer in the French service, visits Geneva
1810.
337
He offers his Hand to Madame de Staël
338
Their Marriage
338
Madame de Staël escapes from Coppet
1812.
338
Travels through Germany and Poland to Russia
338
Her Reception by the Emperor Alexander at St. Petersburg
339
Her "Dix Années d'Exil"
339
She visits Sweden and England
339
Lord Byron
339,340
Louis XVIII, repays to Madame de Staël the two Millions ofFrancs advanced by Necker to Louis XVI.
1814.
339
The Duke de Broglie marries the Daughter of Madame de Staël
340
Ill-health of M. Rocca
340
Madame de Staël's Character and Sentiments
341
Ætat. 51. Her Death in Paris
1817.
341
Death of M. Rocca
341
Criticism on the Writings of Madame de Staël
342
The Viscount de Chateaubriand's Opinion of her
343
Her "Dix Années d'Exil"
343
Her "Germany"
343
Her political Sentiments
343