C.
Cabbagealley, 1. Barnaby street. 2. Long lane, Southwark.
Cabbagelane, near King’s Arms stairs.
Cabbageyard, Cork lane, Swan fields.
Cabinetcourt, Duke street, Spitalfields.
Cablecourt, Cable street.
Cablestreet, Rag fair.
Cadd’srow, Islington.†
Cæsar’s Headcourt, Crutched Friars.*
Cagealley, Cock hill, Ratcliff.
Cain and Abel’salley, 1. Angel alley, Houndsditch.* 2. Bishopsgate street without.*
Calender’scourt, 1. Drury lane. 2. Long alley, Moorfields.
Camberwell, a pleasant village in Surry, two miles from Southwark, in the road to Croydon.
Camberwellroad, Newington butts.
Cambrayhouse. SeeCanonburyHouse.
Cambridgeheath, in Middlesex near Hackney.
Cambridgestreet, Broad street, Poland street.
Camdencourt, Clerkenwell.
Camdenhouse, in Middlesex, a little to the west of Kensington palace, was lately the seat and manor of the Earl of Warwick, but it now belongs to Henry Fox, Esq.
Camelrow, Mile end.
Camomilecourt, Camomile street.
Camomilestreet, Bishopsgate street.
Campionlane, Allhallows, Thames street.†
Campion’salley, Market street, Westminster.†
Camp’sAlmshouse, in Wormwood street, was founded by Mr. Laurence Camp, for the relief of six poor people of the parish of Allhallows London Wall, who had an allowance of 1l.14s.8d.a year.
Canarycourt, Exeter court in the Strand.
CandlewickWard, took its name from a street called Candlewick, or Candlewright street, remarkable for wax andtallow chandlers, who were anciently called candlewrights, and is bounded on the south by Bridge and Dowgate wards; on the west by Dowgate and Wallbrook wards; on the north by Langborne ward; and on the east by Bridge ward. The principal streets in this ward are, Eastcheap, and a part of Canon street, and St. Martin’s lane. The most remarkable buildings are the parish churches of St. Clement’s Eastcheap, St. Mary Abchurch, and St. Michael’s Crooked lane.
It is governed by an Alderman, his Deputy, and seven other Common Council men; twelve wardmote inquest men, six scavengers, eight constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest serve on juries in Guildhall in the month of December.
Cane’swharf, Milford lane.†
Canonalley, St. Paul’s church yard.
Canonrow, or Channel row, New Palace yard, Westminster; called Canon row from this row formerly consisting of the houses for the Canons of St. Stephen’s Westminster.
Canonstreet, 1. In the Mint. 2. Ratcliff Highway. 3. A considerable street extending from Budge row to Eastcheap.
Canonbury, vulgarly calledCambrayHouse, formerly belonged to the Prior and Canons of St. Bartholomew in Smithfield. It is pleasantly situated on a beautiful eminence on the east side of Islington, and commands three delightful prospects to the east, north, and south.
Canonsof St. Paul’s. These Canons or Prebendaries, who are 30 in number, with the Bishop of London at their head, compose the Chapter, which has the management of the affairs of this cathedral; these canonries are in the collation of the Bishop, and are as follows. 1.Bromesbury, in the parish of Willesden, Middlesex. 2.Brownswood, in the same parish. 3.Cadington Major, in the manor of Astonbury, Bedfordshire. 4.Cadington Minor, in the parish of Cadington, Bedfordshire. 5.Chamberlain’s-Wood, in the parish of Willesden, Middlesex. 6.Chiswick, in the county of Middlesex. 7.Consumpt. per Mare, a prebend in the parish of Walton, or Waltome, on the coast of Essex, which being overflowed by the sea, before the conquest, the present name serves only to perpetuate the remembrance of that fatal catastrophe. 8.Eald Street, orOldStreet, in Shoreditch parish. 9.Ealdland, in the parish of Tillingham, Essex. 10.Holiwell, aliasFinsbury, in the parishes of St. Giles Cripplegate, and Shoreditch. 11.Harleston, in the parish of Willesdon, Middlesex. 12.Holborn, in the suburbs of London. 13.Hoxton, in the parish of Shoreditch. 14.Islington, in the county of Middlesex. 15.Kentish-town, in the parish of St. Pancras. 16.Mapelsbury, in the parish of Willesdon. 17.Mora, in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate. 18.Neasdon, in the parish of Willesdon. 19.Oxgate, in the same parish. 20.St. Pancras, in Middlesex. 21.Portpool, in the parish of St. Andrew Holborn. 22.Reculvarland, in the parish of Tillingham, Essex. 23.Rougemere, in the parish of Pancras. 24.Sneating, in the parish of Kirkeby, Essex. 25.Stoke Newington, Middlesex. 26.TottenhallorTottenham Court, in the parish of St. Pancras. 27.Twyford, in the parish of Willesdon, Middlesex. 28.Wenlakesbarn, in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate. 29.Wildland, in the parish of Tillingham, Essex. 30.Willesdon, in the county of Middlesex.Newc. Repert.
Thepetty Canonswho are twelve innumber, are chosen out of the ministers and officers belonging to the cathedral, and should be persons of unspotted characters, with harmonious voices, and skilled in vocal music. These were constituted a body politic and corporate by letters patent granted by King Richard II. in the year 1399, by the title ofThe College of the twelve petty Canons of St. Paul’s; and allowed a common seal, with one of their number for a Warden.Newc. Repert.
Canterburycourt, 1. Black Friars, 2. Phenix street.
Carcourt, Rotten row, Old street.
Caryard, 1. Moor lane. 2. Redcross street. 3. White’s yard, Rosemary lane.
Cardcourt, West Smithfield.
Cardinals of the choir, two officers chosen out of the petty Canons of St. Paul’s, by the Dean and Chapter. Their office is to superintend the behaviour and attendance of the several officers belonging to the choir; and to take minutes of the several crimes of which they are guilty when on duty, in order to their being corrected for them by the Dean and Chapter.
Cardinal’s Capalley, Bank side.*
Cardmakers, were incorporated by letters patent of Charles I. in the year1629. This company is governed by a Matter, two Wardens, and eighteen Assistants, but they have neither livery nor hall.
Carylane, Foster lane, Cheapside.†
Carystreet, Lincoln’s Inn fields.†
Carlislestreet, Soho square.
Carman’syard, Pepper alley.
Carmen, were constituted a fellowship of this city, by an act of Common Council in the reign of Henry VIII. and incorporated by letters patent granted by James I. in 1606, with the fraternity of Fuellers, under the denomination of Woodmongers, with whom they continued till 1668, when the Woodmongers were convicted by parliament of many enormous frauds in the sale of coals, and other fuel, and being apprehensive of suffering the punishment due to their crimes, threw up their charter in order to avoid it, upon which the Carmen were again appointed a fellowship by an act of Common Council, under the title ofThe free Carmen of the city of London. They are governed by a Master, two Wardens, and forty-one Assistants, under the direction of the court of the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, but have neither livery nor hall.
Carnaby, orMarlboroughMarket, by Carnaby street, has Marlborough street on the north, and Broad street on the south west. This is lately become a very plentiful market for flesh and other provisions.
Carnabystreet, 1. Silver street, Bloomsbury. 2. Silver street, Golden square.
Carolinecourt, Saffron hill.
Caron’sAlmshouse, in Kingston road, Vauxhall, consists of seven rooms for as many poor women, and was founded by his excellency the Right Hon. Noel Baron of Caron, Ambassador from the States General in the year 1623. This almshouse he endowed with a handsome estate, out of which each of his almswomen receives 4l.a year.
Carpenters, a fraternity incorporated by Edward III. in the year 1344; with the power of making by-laws. This company is governed by a Master, three Wardens, and twenty Assistants, with a livery of 100 members, who pay a fine of 8l.upon their admission.
Their hall is situated on the south side of London Wall almost facing the east end of Bethlem hospital, in a court called Carpenters hall yard, to which there is an entrance through a large pair of gates.The building is composed of timber and plaister; and though very old, is not without its peculiar ornaments.
Carpentersalley, Wych street.
Carpentersbuildings, London wall.
Carpenterscourt, 1. Aldermanbury. 2. Bett’s street, Ratcliff. 3. Charterhouse lane. 4. Long Acre.
Carpentersstreet, Mount row.†
Carpentersyard, 1. Beech lane. 2. Coleman street. 3. Near Blackman street. 4. Deadman’s place. 5. London wall. 6. Long lane, West Smithfield. 7. Peter street, Westminster. 8. Poor Jewry lane. 9. Skinner street. 10. Town Ditch, Little Britain. 11. Upper Ground street.
Carriersstreet, Buckeridge street.
Carshalton, a village in Surry, situated among innumerable springs, which all together form a river in the very street of the town, and joining other springs that flow from Croydon and Beddington, form one stream called the Wandell. Though this village is thus situated among springs, it is built upon firm chalk, and on one of the most beautiful spots on that side of London, on which account it has many fine houses belonging to the citizens of London, some of them built with such grandeur and expence, thatthey might be rather taken for the seats of the nobility, than the country houses of citizens and merchants. Mr. Scawen intended to build a magnificent house here in a fine park which is walled round, and vast quantities of stone and other materials were collected by him for this purpose; but the design was never carried into execution. Here also Dr. Ratcliff built a very fine house, which afterwards belonged to Sir John Fellows, who added gardens and curious water-works. It at length passed into the possession of the Lord Hardwick, who sold it to the late William Mitchell, Esq; and it is now in the possession of his family.
Carteretstreet, Broad way, Westminster.
Cartyard, 1. Rosemary lane. 2. Whitechapel.
Carter’scourt, 1. Lukener’s lane.† 2. Cursitors alley, Bristol street.†
Carter’srents. Brick lane, Spitalfields.†
Carter’sstreet, Houndsditch.†
Carthusianstreet, Pickax street, Aldersgate street.
Cartwrightstreet, Broad way, Westminster.† 2. Rosemary lane.†
CASHIOBURY.
CASHIOBURY.
CASHIOBURY.
Cashiobury, in Hertfordshire, situatedsixteen miles north of London, is said to have been the seat of the Kings of Mercia, during the Heptarchy, till Offa gave it to the monastery of St. Alban’s. Henry VIII. however bestowed it on Richard Morison, Esq; from whom it passed to Arthur Lord Capel, Baron of Hadham, and from him came by inheritance to be the manor of the Earls of Essex, who have here a noble seat erected in the form of an H, with a large park adorned with fine woods and walks: the gardens were planted and laid out by Le Notre in the reign of King Charles II. The front and one side are of brick and modern, the other side is very old. The print shews it better than description.
Moor Park.
Moor Park.
Moor Park.
Cash’salley, near Shoreditch church.†
Castlealley, 1. Cornhill.* 2. Near Lambeth hill.* 3. Trig lane, Thames street.*
Castle BaynardWard, was so called from an ancient castle near the Thames built by Baynard, a nobleman of great authority, who came from Normandy with William the Conqueror. It is bounded on the north and west by the ward of Faringdon within; on the east by Queenhithe and Bread street wards; and on the south by the river Thames.
The principal streets in this ward are, the south end of Thames street, St. Peter’s hill, St. Bennet’s hill, Addle hill, Knight Rider street, Paul’s chain, Carter lane, and the east side of Creed lane, and Warwick lane. The remarkable buildings are, the churches of St. Bennet’s, Paul’s Wharf, St. Andrew Wardrobe, and St. Mary Magdalen, with the Heralds office.
It is governed by an Alderman and his Deputy, nine other Common Council men; fourteen wardmote inquest men, seven scavengers, ten constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the inquest for this ward serve in the courts of Guildhall in the month of September.
Castlecourt, 1. Birchin lane.* 2. Budge row.* 3. Castle alley, Cornhill.* 4. Castle lane, in the Mint.* 5. Castle street, Long Acre.* 6. College hill.* 7. Cornhill.* 8. Houndsditch.* 9. Laurence lane.* 10. Lombard street. 11. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross. 12. In the Strand. 13. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
Castle Innyard, Aldersgate street.*
Castlelane, 1. Castle street, Long Acre.* 2. Castle street, Southwark.* 3. Petty France, Westminster (called also Cabbage lane).* 4. Redcross street, Deadman’splace.* 5. St. James’s Westminster.* 6. Thames street.*
Castlestreet, 1. Air street, Piccadilly.* 2. Bloomsbury.* 3. Cavendish market.* 4. Near Long Acre.* 5. In the Park, Southwark.* 6. Near the Royal Mews. * 7. Saffron hill.* 8. Shoreditch field.* 9. Thames street.* 10. Near Wentworth street, Spitalfields.* 11. Bevis street.*
Castle Street Library, was founded in the year 1685, by Thomas Tennison, D.D. Vicar of St. Martin’s in the fields, and afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, for the use of his school, under which it is placed in a spacious room, and consists of about 4000 volumes.
The librarian’s salary is 10l.per annum, and he has convenient lodgings contiguous to the library.Maitland.
Castle Street School, was founded by Dr. Tennison, at the same time with the library. In 1697, that gentleman gave 1000l.towards a fund for the maintenance of his foundation, and some time after, by the consent of Dr. Patrick, Bishop of Ely, another sum of 500l.which had been left them jointly in trust, to dispose of in charitable uses, as they thought proper: which two sums, togetherwith two leasehold messuages for the term of forty years, he vested in trustees, for the support of his school and library; out of the profits of which the librarian has the allowance mentioned above; the schoolmaster, besides a commodious dwelling house, has a salary of 30l.per annum; and the usher the same salary without any apartment; for which they teach thirty boys, the sons of the inhabitants of St. Martin’s in the fields.Maitland.
Castleyard, 1. Castle alley, Cornhill.* 2. Chick lane.* 3. Dacre street.* 4. East street, Bloomsbury.* 5. Harrow corner, Deadman’s place.* 6. Hermitage bridge, Wapping.* 7. Holborn.* 8. Houndsditch.* 9. Kingsland road, Shoreditch.* 10. Near the Broad way.* 11. Pennyfield street.* 12. St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.* 13. Piccadilly. * 14. Saffron hill.*
Catalley, Long lane, Smithfield.*
Cat’s Headcourt, Orchard street, Stable yard, Westminster.*
Cat’shole, Tower ditch.
Cat’shole yard, Tower ditch.
Cateatonstreet, King’s street, Cheapside.
Catharinealley, Bishopsgate street.
Catharinecourt, 1. Prince’s street, Threadneedle street. 2. Seething lane.
St.Catharine CreeChurch, at the corner of Creechurch lane in Leadenhall street. The addition of the wordCree, arose from the English spelling of the word Christ as pronounced by the French; for this church being placed on the ground of a dissolved priory, which with its church was called our Saviour Christ’s church, tho’ it was dedicated to the virgin martyr St. Catharine, the original name of that priory became added to its denomination. The present edifice was erected in the year 1630, and is a very singular structure, built with stone, and of a mixed Gothic style. It has rounded battlements on the top, and a square tower that has the same kind of battlements: this tower is crowned with a square turret, over which is a dome, and from its summit rises the weather cock.
This is a curacy, and the parishioners have the privilege of choosing their own minister, who must be licensed by the Bishop of London. The Curate receives 70l.a year, exclusive of other advantages.Maitland.
St.Catharine Coleman, on the south side of Fenchurch street, is thus denominated from its been dedicated to the same saint as the two former churches, and the epithet of Coleman is added from therebeing formerly near it a large haw, yard, or garden, called Coleman-haw.
The old church escaped the flames at the fire of London; but becoming very ruinous, was rebuilt by the parish in the year 1734. The body is lofty, and enlightened with two series of windows; and the steeple, a plain tower crowned with battlements.
This church is a rectory, in the gift of the Bishop of London. The living is worth about 100l.per annum.
St.Catharine’sChurch, on the east side of St. Catharine’s court, near the Tower, originally belonged to an hospital founded by Matilda, consort to King Stephen, and was farther endowed by Queen Eleanor, the relict of Henry III. Queen Eleanor consort to Edward I. and King Henry VI. who not only confirmed all the former grants, and added several additional ones, but gave an ample charter to this hospital. It was exempt from the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London, till its suppression by Henry VIII. soon after which King Edward VI. annexed it to the diocese of London. The church, which is a very antique building, is at present collegiate, and has a master and three brethren, who have 40l.each; three sisters who have 20l.and ten beadswomenwho have 8l.per annumeach: but the other profits arising from their estates, being only known to the master and brethren, are divided amongst them.Stow,Maitland.
St.Catharine’s Courts. To this precinct belong two courts; in one of which actions of debt for any sum are tried weekly on Thursdays: and in the other, which depends upon the civil law, are decided ecclesiastical matters.
St.Catharine’scourt, 1. St. Catharine’s.☐ 2. Threadneedle street.
St.Catharine’slane, East Smithfield.☐
St.Catharine’sstairs, St. Catharine’s.☐
St.Catharine’sstreet, St. Catharine’s.☐
Catharinestreet, in the Strand.
Catharine Wheelalley, 1. Blackman street.* 2. Holiwell street.* 3. St. James’s street.* 4. Kent street.* 5. Petticoat lane.* 6. Snow hill.* 7. Whitechapel.*
Catharine Wheelcourt, 1. Bridgewater gardens.* 2. Snow hill.* 3. Whitechapel.*
Catharine Wheelyard, 1. Bishopsgate street.* 2. Blackman street.* 3. London wall.* 4. St. James’s street.* 5. West Smithfield.*
Catharine Wheel and Georgeyard, Bishopsgate street.*
Catharine WheelInn yard, St. Margaret’s hill.*
Catlin’salley, Shoreditch.†
Catstickyard, Gray’s Inn lane.
Cavendishcourt, Houndsditch.†
Cavendishmarket, Cavendish street.
Cavendishsquare, near Oxford street, has a spacious area which contains between two and three acres, with a large grass plat in the middle, surrounded with wooden rails, erected upon a brick wall; but both the rails and wall being much decayed, now make but an indifferent appearance. The square is, however, encompassed by noble buildings: the Lord Harcourt has a fine house on the east side; on the west is a noble edifice belonging to Mr. Lane, formerly the Lord Bingley’s; and in the center of the north side is a space left for a house intended to be erected by the late Duke of Chandos, the wings only being built; however, there is a handsome wall and gates before this space, which serve to preserve the uniformity of the square. Adjoining to this square, Lord Foley has just built a very grand house, with offices, and a court before it.
Cavendishstreet, Oxford street.
Causabond’sgrounds, Maiden lane.†
Cecilcourt, St. Martin’s lane, Charing Cross.†
Cecilstreet, in the Strand, so named from Cecil house, belonging to the great Lord Burleigh.
Cecil’sdock, Rotherhith wall.†
Master of theCeremonies. See the articleMaster of the Ceremonies.
Chainalley, near Crutched Friars.
Chaincourt, Ship yard, Temple Bar.
Chaingate, near St. Saviour’s church, Southwark.
LordChamberlain, a great officer of the King’s houshold, who has the oversight of all the officers above stairs, except the precinct of the King’s bedchamber, which is under the government of the Groom of the stole. He has the oversight of the King’s Chaplains, notwithstanding his being a layman; also of the officers of the wardrobe, beds, tents, revels, music, comedians, hunting, and of all the physicians, apothecaries, surgeons, barbers, messengers, trumpets, drummers, tradesmen and artisans retained in his Majesty’s service. His salary is 100l.a year, and 1100l.a year board wages. His office is in Cleveland row.
Chamberlainof London, an officer of great trust, annually chosen on Midsummer day, tho’ he enjoys his place forlife, if he is not found guilty of some great crime. He receives and pays all the city cash, and with him are deposited all public securities, for which he annually accounts to the proper auditors. As he is therefore entrusted with very considerable sums, he is obliged to give security for his fidelity, at his entrance into his office.
Chamberlain’sOffice, is kept in Guildhall, in a room on the right hand side of the passage leading into the court of King’s bench, where this officer attends every morning, to decide the differences that arise between masters and apprentices, to enrol and turn over the latter, and to admit all who are duly qualified, to the freedom of the city; of whom there are annually admitted about fifteen hundred.
Chamber’sstreet, 1. Goodman’s Fields.† 2. Upper Shadwell.†
Chamber’swharf, near the Bridge yard.†
Campionlane, Thames street.†
Lord HighChancellor, the supreme and sole judge in the court of Chancery, where he is to judge according to equity and conscience, and to moderate the exact rigour and letter of the common law, to which all other judges are strictly tied; but his decrees may be reversed by the house of Lords. This great officer, who is assisted by the masters in Chancery, takesprecedency after the Archbishop of Canterbury, and next to the King, and Princes of the blood, is the highest person in the kingdom in civil affairs. The Lord High Chancellor is generally Keeper of the great seal, and is thence stiled Lord Keeper. See the articleLordKeeper.
Chancellorof the Exchequer. See the articleExchequer.
Chancellorof St. Paul’s, an officer anciently calledMagister Scholarum, from his having the literature of the city committed to his care, by which he was impowered to license all the schoolmasters in London, except those of St. Martin’s le Grand, and Mary le Bow; but at present he is only Secretary to the Chapter, and has the third stall on the north side of the choir.
Court ofChancery. In the opinion of several learned men this court took its name from the cross bars of iron or wood, called by the Romanscancelli, with which it was formerly inclosed, to prevent the officers being incommoded by the crowding of the people. The Chancery consists of two courts, in one of which the Lord Chancellor proceeds according to the laws and statutes of the kingdom, and in the second, according toequity, judging rather by the spirit than the letter of the laws. In case of absence, his place upon the bench is supplied by the Master of the rolls, who also determines causes in the same equitable manner. See the articleLordChancellor.
It is the peculiar business of this court to rescue people out of the hands of their oppressors, and to afford relief in case of fraud, accidents, and breach of trust. Besides, out of this court are issued writs for parliaments, charters, patents for sheriffs, writs ofcertiorarito remove records and false judgments in inferior courts, writs ofmoderata misericordia, when a person has been amerced too high, and for a reasonable part of goods for widows and orphans. Here also are sealed and enrolled, treaties with foreign Princes, letters patent, commissions of appeal, oyer and terminer, &c.
The manner of proceeding here is much like that in the courts of the civil law; for the actions are by bill or plaint; the witnesses are privately examined; there is no jury, but all the sentences are given by the judge of the court. However as it proceeds not according to law, it is no court of record,and therefore binds only the person, his lands and goods.
To this court belong twelve masters in chancery; an accountant general; six head clerks; sixty-two sworn clerks, who purchase their places, and twelve waiting clerks, whose places are given by the six clerks; two chief examiners, with their respective clerks; a chief and four inferior registers; the clerk of the crown; a prothonotary; clerks of the petty bag, subpæna, patent, affidavit, cursitors, and alienation office.
Masters inChancery, are the twelve assistants of the Chancellor or Lord Keeper, the first of whom is Master of the rolls, which is a place of great dignity, and is in the gift of the King. These gentlemen sit at Westminster hall, with the Lord Chancellor, three at a time while the term lasts, and two at a time when the Lord Chancellor sits to hear causes in his own house, and to them he often refers the farther hearing of causes; he also refers to them matters of account, and other things of small moment; but never the merits of the cause.
The salary of the Masters in chancery is 100l.to each of them paid quarterly out of the Exchequer, besides robe money.
Chancerylane, Fleet street, so called from the court of Chancery there.
Chandler’salley, Orchard street, Westminster.*
Chandler’srents, Black Friars.†
Chandler’sstreet, Duke street.†
Chandosstreet, Bedford street, Covent Garden.†
Chanelrow, New Palace yard. SeeCanon Row.
Change, behind Exeter Change in the Strand.
Changecourt, in the Strand.☐
Chanterof St. Paul’s. See the articlePrecentor.
Chapel Royal, a chapel in each of the King’s palaces, neatly ornamented on the inside. They are under the government of a Dean, who acknowledges no superior but his Majesty; for the Chapel Royal, or King’s Chapel, is not within the jurisdiction of any Bishop, but is a regal peculiar under the immediate government of the King. By the Dean are chosen the Sub-dean and all the other officers.
These are the King’s Clerk of the closet, a Divine whose office is to attend at his Majesty’s right hand during divine service, to wait on his Majesty in hisprivate oratory; and to resolve all his doubts relating to religious subjects.
Forty-eight Chaplains in Ordinary, who are generally Doctors of Divinity distinguished for their learning and other accomplishments. Four of whom wait at court every month, to preach in the chapel on Sundays, and other Holidays before the King, and early in the morning on Sundays before the houshold; to read divine service to his Majesty every morning and evening during the rest of the week in his private oratory, and to say grace at the table in the absence of the Clerk of the closet.
The other officers are, a Confessor of the King’s houshold, whose office is to read prayers every morning to the family, to visit the sick, to examine and prepare communicants; and to inform such as desire advice in any case of conscience or point of religion. Ten Priests in Ordinary, sixteen gentlemen of the Chapel Royal, who with the Priests perform in the chapel the office of divine service, in praying, singing, &c. a master of the singing boys, of whom there are ten for the service of the chapel; a composer, two organists, a lutenist, a violist, and other officers.
Chapels.Though there are 115 churches within this city, and the bills of mortality, and above 120 meeting houses of dissenters, yet the chapels of the established religion are very numerous, as will appear from the following list.
1. Archbishop of Canterbury’s chapel, at Lambeth. 2. Ask’s almshouse chapel, at Hoxton. 3. Audley street chapel. 4. Bancroft’s almshouse chapel. 5. Banqueting house chapel, Whitehall. 6. Berwick street chapel, Old Soho. 7. Bridewell hospital chapel. 8. Charter house chapel. 9. College almshouse chapel, Deadman’s place. 10. Conduit street chapel. 11. Coopers almshouse chapel, Ratcliff. 12. Curzon street chapel. 13. Dacre’s chapel, Westminster. 14. Draper’s almshouse chapel, Blackman street. 15. also at Newington Butts. 16. Duke’s street chapel, Westminster. 17. Ely house chapel, Holborn hill. 18. Fishmongers almshouse chapel, Newington Butts. 19. Fleet Prison chapel. 20. Foundling hospital chapel. 21. Gray’s Inn chapel, Gray’s Inn. 22. Great Queen street chapel, Lincoln’s Inn fields. 23. Gresham College chapel, Bishopsgate street. 24. Grosvenor square chapel, Audley’s street. 25. Guildhall chapel. 26. Guy’s hospital chapel, Southwark. 27.Hill’s chapel, Rochester row, Westminster. 28. Jeffries’s hospital chapel, Kingsland road. 29. Kensington palace chapel. 30. King’s bench prison chapel, Southwark. 31. Kingsland hospital chapel, Kingsland. 32. King’s street chapel, Oxford street. 33. Knight’s-bridge chapel, Knight’s-bridge. 34. Lamb’s chapel, Monkwell street. 35. Lincoln’s Inn chapel, Chancery lane. 36. Lock hospital chapel, Southwark. 37. Long Acre chapel, Long Acre. 38. London infirmary chapel, Whitechapel. 39. London workhouse chapel, Bishopsgate street. 40. Ludgate prison chapel. 41. Magdalen hospital chapel, Goodman’s fields. 42. May fair chapel, May fair. 43. Mercers chapel, Cheapside. 44. New Chapel, Westminster. 45. Newgate prison chapel. 46. New street chapel, St. Giles’s in the fields. 47. Owen’s almshouse chapel, Islington. 48. Oxendon chapel, near the Haymarket. 49. Oxford chapel, Marybon fields. 50. Palmer’s hospital chapel, Westminster. 51. Petticoat lane chapel, Whitechapel. 52. Poultry Compter chapel. 53. Queen square chapel, Westminster. 54. Queen street chapel, Bloomsbury. 55. Ram’s chapel, Homerton, Hackney. 56. Rolls chapel, Chancerylane. 57. Russel court chapel, Drury lane. 58. St. James’s palace chapel. 59. St. John’s chapel, Clerkenwell. 60. St. John’s chapel, near Red Lion street. 61. St. Margaret’s chapel. Chapel street. 62. St. Martin’s almshouse chapel, Hog lane. 63. St. Thomas’s hospital chapel, Southwark. 64. Serjeants inn chapel, Chancery lane. 65. Skinner’s almshouse chapel, Mile end. 66. Somerset house chapel. 67. Spring garden chapel, Charing Cross. 68. Staple’s inn chapel, Holborn. 69. Trinity almshouse chapel, Mile end. 70. Vintners almshouse chapel, Mile end. 71. Whitechapel prison chapel. 72. Whitington’s college chapel, College hill. 73. Wheeler’s chapel, Spitalfields. 74. Wood street Compter chapel, Wood-street.
FrenchChapels. 1. Black Eagle street chapel, Spitalfields. 2. Berwick street chapel, Old Soho. 3. Brown’s lane chapel, Spitalfields. 4. Castle street chapel Green street. 5. Crispin’s street chapel, Spitalfields. 6. Friery chapel, Pallmall. 7. Hog lane chapel, Soho. 8. Little Chapel street chapel, Old Soho. 9. Little Rider’s court chapel, Little Newport street. 10. Mary le Bon chapel, St. Mary le Bon. 11. Milk alley chapel, Wapping.12. Orange street chapel, Hedge lane. 13. Petticoat lane chapel. 14. St. John’s street chapel, Swanfields, Shoreditch. 15. St. Martin’s lane chapel, Canon street. E. 16. Savoy chapel, in the Savoy. E. 17. Slaughter’s street chapel, Swanfields, Shoreditch. 18. Spring garden chapel, Charing Cross. 19. Threadneedle street chapel. E. 20. Three crown court chapel, Spitalfields. 21. West street chapel, Soho.
German,Dutchand otherChapels. 1. Danish chapel, Well close square. 2. Dutch chapel, St. Augustine Friars. 3. and in the Savoy. 4. German chapel, in St. James’s Palace. E. 5. and in the Savoy. E. 6. German chapel, in Trinity lane. E. 7. Swedish chapel, Prince’s square, Ratcliff highway.
The chapels of the French, Dutch, and Germans, might perhaps with greater propriety be placed among the meeting houses of the Protestant dissenters, except those mark’d with an E, which properly belong to those of the established religion; the Common Prayer being read in French or German, and worship performed nearly in the same manner as in the national church.
PopishChapelsof Foreign Ministers. 1. French Ambassador’s in Greek street. 2. Imperial Ambassador’s, Hanover square. 3. Portuguese Ambassador’s, in Golden square. 4. Sardinian Ambassador’s, Lincoln’s Inn fields. 5. Venetian Ambassador’s, Suffolk street.
Chapelalley, 1. near Oxford street.☐ 2. Long Acre.☐
Chapelcourt, 1. Audley street.☐ 2. Gilbert street, Bloomsbury.☐ 3. Henrietta street, Cavendish square.☐ 4. Lincoln’s Inn.☐
Chapelpassage, Gray’s Inn.☐
Chapelstreet, 1. Audley street.☐ 2. Broad Way, Westminster.☐ 3. Long Acre.☐ 4. Red Lion street, Holborn.☐ 5. Wardour street.☐
Chapman’scourt, George street, Tothill side.☐
Chapman’srents, Barnaby street.☐
Chapman’syard, Goodman’s fields.☐
Chapter House, on the north side of St. Paul’s church yard. This is a handsome building, belonging to St. Paul’s, in which the Convocation of the province of Canterbury sat to consult about ecclesiastical affairs, and to form canons for the government of the church: but tho’ the upper and lower house are called bythe King’s writ at every session of parliament, they are now constantly prorogued, and dismissed by his Majesty’s authority.
Chapter Housecourt, St. Paul’s church yard.☐
Charing Cross, opposite the west end of the Strand, is so denominated from a village called Charing, in which Edward I. caused a magnificent cross to be erected in commemoration of his beloved Queen Eleanor, part of which continued till the civil wars in the reign of Charles I. when it was entirely destroyed by the populace, as a monument of popish superstition.Stow.However, after the restoration an equestrian statue of King Charles I. was erected on the spot where this cross stood, which is still, tho’ very improperly, called Charing Cross. This statue has the advantage of being well placed; the pedestal is finely elevated, and the horse full of fire and spirit; but the man is not perhaps equally well executed: so that upon the whole it can neither be generally condemned, nor universally admired.[2]Its situation isshewn in the view of Northumberland House.
2.It is said that Oliver Cromwell after King Charles I. was beheaded, ordered this statue to be taken down and sold to a founder to melt, but that a royalist contrived to get it, and kept it concealed till the restoration, when it was again set up.
2.It is said that Oliver Cromwell after King Charles I. was beheaded, ordered this statue to be taken down and sold to a founder to melt, but that a royalist contrived to get it, and kept it concealed till the restoration, when it was again set up.
Charing Crosscourt, Charing Cross.
Charing Crossyard, Forest street, Lambeth.
Charitable Corporation Office, Spring Garden, Charing Cross. This Society was incorporated by Queen Anne in the year 1708, for the relief of the industrious poor, by assisting them with small sums, lent upon pledges at legal interest. For this purpose the corporation were impowered to raise a fund not less than 20, nor more than 30,000l.but this sum being afterwards increased by additional grants to 600,000l.was, instead of being employed to the mutual advantage of the poor, and of the proprietors, villainously embezzled by the company’s cashier, warehouse keeper, and others, the two former of whom fled to France to shelter themselves from justice. Upon this the proprietors applied to parliament, and had a lottery granted for their relief; while those who had fled were invited to return and produce the books and effectsof the corporation; and on their not complying were declared felons.
This corporation were by their charter enjoined not to interfere with the Bank of England by discounting of bills; nor to trade in any other business but that of lending money upon pledges, which they were to advance upon legal interest, and a reasonable allowance for charges. Their affairs were under the direction of a committee of seven of the proprietors, three or more of whom constituted a court, impowered to make by-laws for the better government of the company, and to appoint their cashier, warehouse keepers, accomptant, clerks, &c.
During the prosperity of this corporation they had two offices, one in Spring Garden, and the other on Laurence Poulteney’s hill; but their misfortunes occasioned that in the city to be laid aside.
Charityalley, near St. Thomas street Southwark.
Charitycourt, Aldersgate street.
Charlescourt, 1. Bartholomew close. 2. Near Hungerford market. 3. In the Strand.
Charles’srents, St. George’s fields.
Charles’ssquare, a small neat square near Pitfield street, Hoxton: a grass plat inthe area is surrounded with wooden rails, and a row of trees on each side, all cut in the manner of a cone, or sugar loaf. The houses, which take up only two sides and a part of a third, are handsome buildings; and the rest of the square is separated from the neighbouring gardens by rows of pales.
Charlesstreet, 1. Black Friars. 2. Bridgewater gardens. 3. Covent garden. 4. St. James’s square. 5. Grosvenor square. 6. King’s street, Westminster. 7. Long Acre. 8. Old Gravel lane. 9. Oxford street. 10. Pitfield street, Hoxton. 11. Russel street, Covent garden. 12. Westminster.
Charlton, a pleasant well-built village in Kent, on the edge of Blackheath; famous for a very disorderly fair held in its neighbourhood, on St. Luke’s day, when the mob who wear horns on their heads, take all kinds of liberties, and the lewd and vulgar among the women give a loose to all manner of indecency. This is called Horn Fair, and there are sold at it, Rams horns, horn toys and wares of all sorts. Of this fair a vulgar tradition gives the following origin: King John having a palace at Eltham, in this neighbourhood, and being hunting near Charlton, then a mean hamlet, was separatedfrom his attendants, when entering a cottage he admired the beauty of the mistress, whom he found alone, and debauched her; her husband, however, suddenly returning, caught them in the fact, and threatening to kill them both, the King was forced to discover himself, and to purchase his safety with gold, besides which he gave him all the land, from thence as far as the place now called Cuckold’s Point, and also bestowing on him the whole hamlet, established a fair, as a condition of his holding his new demesne, in which horns were both to be sold and worn. A sermon is preached on the fair day in the church, which is one of the handsomest in the county, and was repaired by Sir Edward Newton, Bart. to whom King James I. granted this manor. This gentleman built his house at the entrance of the village: it is a long Gothic structure, with four turrets on the top; it has a spacious court yard in the front, with two large Gothic piers to the gates, and on the outside of the wall is a long row of some of the oldest cypress trees in England. Behind the house are large gardens, and beyond these a small park which joins to Woolwich common. Thishouse now belongs to the Earl of Egmont.
On the edge of the hill, and at a small distance from the church, are two fine houses, one of which was in the possession of the late Governor Hunter, and the other was erected by the late Lord Romney. The gardens being on the side of the hill, slope down towards the river, and render the prospect very delightful in summer, from the extensive view they afford of the country, and of the great number of ships that are generally sailing by every tide: but being fully exposed to the north wind, the fruit trees are generally blighted; and in winter time the air is said to be made unwholesome by the water which frequently overflows the neighbouring plains.
Charterhouse.This edifice was originally a religious foundation. In the year 1349 a terrible pestilence swept off more than half the inhabitants of London; and the church yards being unable to contain the dead, Sir Walter Manny, Bart. a foreign gentleman, who had been honoured with the order of the Garter by King Edward III. for his bravery in the field, purchased for a burial ground a spot of thirteen acres, wherethe Charterhouse now stands, and 50,000 persons are said to have been buried there in the space of that year.
The following year that public benefactor built a chapel upon the spot, according to the religion of those times, for prayers to be said for the souls of all who had been interred there, and afterwards founded a monastery of the Carthusians in the same place. This monastery, by the corruption of the wordCartreux, by which the French mean a Carthusian house, obtained the name of Charterhouse.
This monastery being dissolved at the reformation, at length fell to the Earl of Suffolk, who disposed of it to Thomas Sutton, Esq; a citizen of London, for 13,000l.The latter then applied to King James I. for a patent for his intended charitable foundation, which was readily granted in the year 1611, and confirmed by parliament in 1628. The expence of fitting up the house for the reception of his pensioners and scholars amounted to 7000l.which added to the purchase money, made 20,000l.But this was not all, he endowed his hospital and school with fifteen manors, and other lands, to the value of above 4490l.per annum. And the estate is at present improved to above 6000l.a year.
In this house are maintained eighty pensioners, who, according to the institution are gentlemen, merchants, or soldiers, who are fallen into misfortunes. These are provided with handsome apartments, and all the necessaries of life, except cloaths, instead of which each of them is allowed a gown, and 7l.per annum.
There are also forty-four boys supported in the house, where they have handsome lodgings, and are instructed in classical learning, &c. Besides these, there are twenty-nine students at the universities, who have each an allowance of 20l.per annumfor the term of eight years. Others who are judged more fit for trades, are put out apprentices, and the sum of 40l.is given with each of them. As a farther encouragement to the scholars brought up on this foundation, there are nine ecclesiastical preferments in the patronage of the Governors, who, according to the constitution of the hospital, are to confer them upon those who were educated there.
The pensioners and youths are takenin at the recommendation of the Governors, who appoint in rotation.Maitland.
The buildings, which are extremely rude and irregular, have nothing but their convenience and situation to recommend them. The rooms are well disposed, and the square in the front is very neat, and kept in as good order as most in town. This square and the large gardens behind, give a free air, and at one and the same time contribute both to health and pleasure.
Charterhouselane, Charterhouse square.☐
Charterhousesquare, near West Smithfield.☐
Charterhousestreet, Long lane, West Smithfield.☐
Cheapside, 1. From St. Paul’s church yard to the Poultry. It derives its name from there being a market there, or in the Saxon language a Cheap. In the year 1331, only the south side of this street Was built, and there being a great opening on the other side King Edward III. held jousts or tournaments there for three days together.Maitland.It is a spacious street, adorned with lofty buildings, inhabited by goldsmiths, linendrapers, haberdashers, &c. extending from Paternosterrow to the Poultry. 2. There is another street called Cheapside in the Mint, Southwark.
Cheap Ward, is situated in the very center of the city; it being bounded on the north by Cripplegate ward, Bassishaw ward, and Coleman street ward; on the west by Queenhithe ward, and Cripplegate ward; on the south by Cordwainers ward; and on the east by Broad street ward, and Wallbrook ward: it takes its name from the Saxon wordChepe, a market, there being one kept in this division of the city. This market was from its situation known by the name of West Cheap, to distinguish it from the market, between Candlewick street, and Tower street, called East Cheap.
The principal streets in this ward are, Bucklersbury, the north side of Pancras lane, part of Queen street, the Poultry, the south end of the Old Jewry, Ironmonger lane, King street, Laurence lane, the east end of Cheapside, as far as to the midway between the paved passage into Honey lane market and Milk street, and part of Cateaton street.
The most remarkable buildings are, the parish churches of St. Mildred in the Poultry, and St. Mary’s Colechurch;Guildhall, Mercer’s hall, or Chapel, and Grocer’s hall, with the Poultry Compter.
This ward has an Alderman, and his Deputy, eleven other Common Council men, twelve wardmote inquest men, nine scavengers, eleven constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest, serve in the courts in Guildhall in the month of February.
Chelsea, a very large and populous village, two miles from London, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Thames almost opposite to Battersea. Here is the physic garden belonging to the company of Apothecaries of London, a particular account of which the reader may find in the article relating to that company. Sir Robert Walpole, the late Earl of Orford, had here for some time a house adorned with a noble collection of pictures, which was afterwards removed to Houghton-hall in Norfolk, and is now thought the finest collection in England[3]. There are several other private buildings worthy of the observation of the curious. I. At this place is the house and fine gardens that belonged to the late Earl of Ranelagh. SeeRanelagh Gardens.Salter’s coffee house here is well known, being much frequented on account of the great number of natural curiosities to be seen there.