Christ’s-Church Hospital.S. Wale delin.J. Taylor sc.
Christ’s-Church Hospital.S. Wale delin.J. Taylor sc.
Christ’s-Church Hospital.S. Wale delin.J. Taylor sc.
There are eight wards for the children’s beds; that of the girls is separated from the rest; and there is also a ward for the sick. Each of the masters have 100l.a year, and the grammar master an additional salary of 20l.for catechising the boys, and his usher has 50l.a year; in short, 12 or 1300l.a year is expended in salaries to the officers, clerks, and servants; and the sum expended for the support of the hospital, amounts to between 11 and 12,000l.a year. To defray this expence, the hospital has a great annual revenue in houses and lands; the benefit of licensingand looking after the 420 carts allowed in the city, each of which pays a certain sum for sealing. The hospital has likewise a duty of about three farthings upon every piece of cloth brought to Blackwell hall, where clerks are kept to receive it. The Governors, amount to about three hundred, and these chuse their officers and servants, both men and women, and also the President and Treasurer.
The building of this hospital is partly Gothic and partly modern, being built at various times, and has very little regularity. That part represented in the print belongs to the mathematical school, and is in Gray Friars. The niche contains a statue of Charles II. in the royal robes, which, considering the difficulty the statuary had to encounter, is a very good one. At a distance is the steeple and part of the front of the church, which was rebuilt, after being burnt down by the fire of London, by Sir Christopher Wren.
Churches.These are very numerous; and the reader may see an account of each under the names of the patrons to whom they are dedicated, asSt.Alban’s,Allhallows,St.Alphage,St.Andrew’s, &c.
Churchalley, 1. Basinghall street.☐ 2. Black Friars.☐ 3. Denmark street, St. Giles’s.☐ 4. Giltspur street.☐ 5. Harp alley, Shoe lane.☐ 6. St. Mary hill.☐ 7. New Rents, Compter street.☐ 8. Noble street, Foster lane.☐ 9. Old Jewry.☐ 10. Puddle dock hill.☐ 11. In the Strand.☐ 12. Thames street.☐ 13. Tooley street.☐ 14. Wapping.☐ 15. Watling street.☐ 16. Whitechapel.☐
Churchcourt, 1. Church passage, Piccadilly.☐ 2. Clement’s lane, Canon street.☐ 3. Duke’s place.☐ 4. Little Chapel street.☐ 5. St. Margaret’s church yard.☐ 6. In the Strand.☐ 7. Church Entry, Austin Friars.☐ 8. Black Friars.☐
Churchhill, Black Friars.☐
Churchlane, 1. Dyot street.☐ 2. Elephant lane, Rotherhith.☐ 3. Houndsditch.☐ 4. Islington.☐ 5. Ropewalk, Limehouse.☐ 6. St. Mary Overies.☐ 7. Newington Butts.☐ 8. In the Strand.☐ 9. Near Three Cranes lane, Thames street.☐ 10. Whitechapel.☐ 11. White street, Southwark.☐ 12. Wood street, Cheapside.☐
Churchpassage, 1. Cloth Fair.☐ 2. Dorset street.☐ 3. Piccadilly.☐
Churchrow, near Aldgate.☐
Churchstairs, Rotherhith.☐
Churchstreet, 1. Bernbridge street.☐ 2.Coverlead fields.☐ 3. St. Giles’s street.☐ 4. Hackney.☐ 5. Hoxton.☐ 6. Lambeth.☐ 7. Long Acre.☐ 8. Millbank.☐ 9. Prescot street.☐ 10. Rotherhith.☐ 11. Sclater street.☐ 12. Shoreditch fields.☐ 13. Soho.☐ 14. Spitalfields.☐ 15. Stepney Causeway.☐ 16. Swan fields.☐
Church Yardalley, 1. Cartwright street.☐ 2. Chick lane.☐ 3. Fetter lane.☐ 4. Harp alley.☐ 5. Hole stairs.☐ 6. Rosemary lane.☐ 7. Rotherhith wall.☐ 8. Shoe lane.☐ 9. Thames street.☐ 10. St. Thomas’s street, Southwark.☐ 11. Tooley street.☐
Church Yardcourt, 1. Botolph lane.☐ 2. Inner Temple.☐
Church Yardlane, St. Thomas’s street, Southwark.☐
Chymistersalley, Bedfordbury.
Cinnamonalley, Turnmill street.
Cinnamonstreet, 1. Near Old Gravel lane. 2. Near Wapping dock.
Ciseyard, Whitechapel.
Civet Catalley, Bunhill row.*
Clandon.There are two towns of this name, in Surry, lying near each other, and distinguished by their situation with respect to each other. West Clandon is twenty-six miles from London, and isthe manor of the Lord Onslow, whose title is Lord of Onslow and Clandon, and whose seat is near the church. It is a noble edifice, erected after an Italian model. The gardens are beautiful, and laid out in the modern taste. It has plenty of good water, and commands a delightful and extensive prospect as far as Windsor. The house is seen from the road up a grand avenue, and appears to be, what it really is, one of the finest seats in that part of the kingdom.
East Clandon lies about two miles to the east of the last mentioned village, and was anciently the estate of Gerard Lord Aungier, of the kingdom of Ireland, who had a house and park here. In the neighbourhood of East Clandon is the seat of Admiral Boscawen.
Clapham, a village three miles from London, in the road to Richmond.
Clapton, a village adjoining to Hackney.
Abbey of St.Clare. SeeMinories.
Clarecourt, Drury lane.†
Claremarket, Lincoln’s Inn fields, has a considerable trade for flesh, greens, &c.
Clarestreet, Clare market.†
Clare’syard, Barnaby street.†
Claremont.S. Wale delin.B. Green sculp.
Claremont.S. Wale delin.B. Green sculp.
Claremont.S. Wale delin.B. Green sculp.
Claremont, is the seat of his Grace the Duke of Newcastle at Esher. The housewas designed and built by the late Sir John Vanbrugh, in a whimsical style of architecture, which is better shewn in the print than described. It was afterwards purchased of Sir John by his Grace, who has been at great expence in improving the place. The structure, though singular, does not appear to be irregular. It is built of brick with a good deal of variety in it, and of considerable extent, but not much elevated. The Duke has since built a grand room for the reception of company when numerous, which makes the ends of the house not appear similar. The house has a lawn in the front shaded on each side with trees, and the ground behind it rising gradually shews the trees there also, so that the house appears to be embowered by them except just in the front; and the white summer house with four little pinacles, one at each corner, built on the mount which gives name to the place, when viewed from before the front of the house, rises up finely from behind the trees, and all together forms a very pleasing appearance. The park in which it is situated is distinguished by its noble woods, lawns, walks, mounts, prospects, &c. The summer house call’d the Belvedere,at about a mile distance from the house, on that side of the park next Esher, affords a very beautiful and extensive view of the country quite round; yet that from the summer house at Esher place, which is just by, is perhaps no way inferior to it.
Clargesstreet, Hyde Park road. Thus named from Sir Thomas Clarges.
Clarke’salley, 1. Bishopsgate street.† 2. Vine street, Hatton wall.† 3. Whitechapel.†
Clarke’sorchard, Rotherhith wall.†
Clarke’srents, 1. Grub street. 2. St. Catharine’s lane.†
Clarke’syard, 1. Cock alley, London wall.† 2. Upper ground.†
Clayton’srents, King street.†
Cleavelandcourt, Cleaveland row, St. James’s street; formerly a large house called Berkshire house; which being purchased by the Duchess of Cleaveland, took her name; on the same ground are now built several handsome houses.
Cleavelandrow, St. James’s.
Cleavelandstreet, by St. James’s palace.
Cleavelandyard, near St. James’s square.
St.Clement’sChurchin the Strand, also calledSt.Clement Danes, is supposed to be dedicated to Pope Clement I.who suffered martyrdom in the reign of Trajan, and obtained the name ofDanesfrom its being dedicated to their use. A church has been situated in the same place at least ever since the year 700; but the present edifice began to be erected in 1680, and was compleated in two years, but the steeple was not added till several years after.
The body of the church, which is of stone, has two series of windows, the lower plain and the upper well ornamented, and the termination is by an attic, whose pilasters are crowned with vases. On the south side it is entered by a portico to which there is an ascent of a few steps, this portico is covered with a dome supported by Ionic columns. Opposite to this there is another, and on each side the base of the steeple in the west front is a small square tower with its dome. The steeple is carried to a great height in several stages: where it begins to diminish the Ionic order takes place, and upon its entablature supports vases. The next stage is Corinthian, and above that stands the Composite supporting a dome which is crowned with a smaller one, from whence rises the ball and its fane.
The author of theNew Critical Review of the publick Buildingsjustly censures the situation of this church in the midst of the street, and their having “in compliance with the superstitious custom of placing it in a due east and west situation, crowded the backside of the church into the face of the people, though they had room enough to build it otherwise, and prevent so capital a nuisance.” This church is a rectory, in the patronage of the Earl of Exeter.
St.Clement’sEastcheap, on the east side of St. Clement’s lane, Lombard street. The old church was destroyed by the dreadful conflagration in 1666, and upon its ruin the present edifice arose. It is a very plain neat structure, with a tower crowned only by a battlement.
This church is a rectory, with the parish of St. Mary Ongars added to it; the advowson is in the Bishop of London. The Rector receives 140l.per annumin lieu of tithes.Newc. Repert. Eccles.
St.Clement’sChurch yard, in the Strand.
Clement’scourt, Milk street.
Clement’s, orSt.Clement’s Inn, on the north side of Wych street, is thus called from its being near St. Clement’schurch. It is one of the inns of chancery, and has three courts one within another, which consists of old buildings, except a row in the garden, which is well built.
Clement’s Inncourt, Clement’s Inn.
Clement’slane, 1. Clare market.☐ 2. Clement’s Inn.☐
St.Clement’slane, Lombard street.
St.Clement’s Well, a celebrated fountain, which was many years ago one of the three principal springs at which the city youths, on festival days, used to entertain themselves with a variety of diversions. But it is now covered up, and a pump placed over it, at the east side of St. Clements Inn, and lower end of St. Clement’s lane.Maitland.
Clergymen’sWidows, andChildren. See an account of the corporation formed for their relief under the articleCorporation.
Clerkof the Essoins,Juries,King’s Silver,Supersedeas,&c.See an account of their several employments and offices, under the articlesEssoins,Juries,King’s Silver, &c.
Clerks. The Parish Clerks were incorporated by Henry III. in the year 1233, by the name ofThe fraternity of St. Nicholas, by which they were knowntill they were incorporated by charter in 1611. By a decree of the court of Star chamber, they obtained the privilege of keeping a printing press in their hall, for printing the bill of mortality, they being strictly enjoined by their charter to make a report of all the christenings and burials in their respective parishes by six o’clock, on Thursday in the afternoon; but this is by a by-law changed to two o’clock on the same day, that the King and the Lord Mayor may have the account the day before its publication. This list is however extremely defective; for as there are above an hundred meeting houses in the bills of mortality, the members of which never have their children christened in the parish churches, though the far greater number of their dead are interred in the parochial burying grounds, the burials in these lists are made greatly to exceed the christenings; and hence very grave remarks have been made on the unhealthfulness of the city, and the vices of its inhabitants.
This company consists of a Master, two Wardens, seventeen Assistants, and the whole body of parish clerks within the bills of mortality; who have a commodious hall in Wood street.
Clerks, orClerken Well, a spring at the lower end of Clerkenwell green, in Rag street, opposite Mutton lane, was so called from the parish clerks of the city annually meeting there to exhibit dramatic representations of certain parts of scripture; for which they were so famous, that not only the Lord Mayor and citizens, but even the nobility were their spectators. From this well a neighbouring priory with the church and parish were denominated Clerkenwell.Maitland.
ClerkenwellChurch. See St.James’sClerkenwell.
Clerkenwellclose, a street on the north side of Clerkenwell green.
Clerkenwellgreen, on the south side of St. James’s church, Clerkenwell.
ClerkenwellPriory of Nuns, was founded by Jordan Briset, a wealthy Baron, about the year 1100, in a field adjoining to Clerks, or Clerken Well, and dedicated to the honour of God, and the assumption of the blessed Virgin. This priory continued till it was suppressed by Henry VIII. in the year 1539, when its revenues were found to amount to 262l.19s.per annum. On the north east side of St. James’s church, whichanciently belonged to this priory, is still to be seen the ambulatory, or south side row of this priory, consisting of six arches; and tho’ the eastern part of the cloister be destroyed, yet the nuns hall, which was situated at the north end, is still remaining, tho’ at present it is converted into a work shop, and the garden on the east side was formerly the cemetery belonging to the nunnery.Maitland.
Clifford’s Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery, is situated behind St. Dunstan’s church in Fleet street, and is much improved by new buildings. It has three courts, and a garden adorned with rows of lime trees set round the grass plats, and with gravel walks, which are kept in good order. This Inn took its name from its being anciently the house of the Lord Clifford.
Clifford’s Innlane, Fleet street.☐
Clifford’sstreet, New Bond street.†
Clincard’salley, Westminster market.
Clink Liberty Court, a court of record kept on the Bank side in Southwark by the Bishop of Winchester’s steward, before whom are tried pleas of debt, damage and trespass, for any sum. Here also is a court leet in which things peculiar to that court are managed.Maitland.
Clinkprison, in Clink street, belongs to the liberty of the Bishop of Winchester, called the Clink liberty, but is little used. It is a very dismal hole, where debtors are sometimes confined.
Clinkstreet, begins at Deadman’s place, and extends to St. Mary Overy’s dock.
Clinkyard, Clink street.
Cloaklane, Dowgate hill.
Cloak and Wheatsheafalley, Houndsditch.*
Cloak and Wheatsheafcourt, Houndsditch.*
Clockmakers.Charles I. incorporated this company by letters patent in the year 1632. They have a Master, three Wardens, and twenty-eight Assistants; but neither livery nor hall.
Cloisters, 1. In the Middle Temple. 2. St. Bartholomew’s hospital.
Cloistercourt, 1. Inner Temple.☐ 2. Black Friars.☐
Cloisterscourt, Glasshouse yard, Water lane, near White Friars.☐
Cloth Fair, Smithfield. King Henry II. granting to the priory of St. Bartholomew, the privilege of a fair to be kept annually at Bartholomew tide, the clothiers of England and the London drapers repaired thither, and had theirbooths and stalls within the church yard of that priory; this place being built into a narrow street, still retains the name of Cloth Fair; and in conformity to its name several eminent woollen drapers still live there.
Clothyard, Dunning’s alley.
Clothworkers, one of the twelve principal companies, was incorporated by letters patent granted by King Edward IV. in the year 1482, by the name ofThe fraternity of the Assumption of the blessed Virgin Mary, of the Sheermen of London: but being reincorporated by Queen Elizabeth, she changed their first appellation, to that ofThe Master, Wardens, and Commonalty of freemen of the art and mystery of Clothworkers of the city of London; which title was confirmed by Charles I.
This company is governed by a Master, four Wardens, and thirty-two Assistants, with a livery of 154 members, each of whom, upon his admission, pays a fine of 20l.They have a very large estate, out of which they annually pay to the poor about 1400l.
Clothworkers Hallis situated near the north east end of Mincing lane, and is a brick building with flutedcolumns of brick crowned with Corinthian capitals of stone. The hall is a lofty room wainscoted up to the ceiling, which is adorned with fretwork. The screen at the south end is of oak, and ornamented with four pilasters that have their entablature and compass pediment of the Corinthian order. At the west end are the figures of King James and King Charles I. in their robes, carved as big as the life, and on the windows are painted the King’s arms, those of the city, the clothworkers company, and several others, belonging to the masters of that fraternity.
Clubrow, Cock lane, Shoreditch.
Clun’syard, Grub street.†
Coach and Horsesyard, 1. Aldersgate street.* 2. Coleman street.* 3. Fann’s alley.* 4. Oxford street.* 5. St. John’s street.* 6. Wood street, Cheapside.*
Coachmakers.This company was incorporated by letters patent of Charles II. in the year 1677, by the title ofThe Master, Wardens, Assistants, and Commonalty of the company of Coach and Coach-harness-makers of London. It is governed by a Master, three Wardens, twenty-three Assistants, and one hundred and four Liverymen, each of whom upontheir admission pay a fine of 10l.They have a spacious hall in Noble street.
Coaches.SeeHackney Coaches.
Coalalley, Whitechapel.
CoalExchange, Billingsgate.
Coal Harbour, Thames street. See the articleCold Harbour.
Coalstairs, Lower Shadwell.
Coalwharf, near the Strand.
Coalyard, 1. Goswell street. 2. High Holborn. 3. Willow street, Bank side.
Coalman’salley, Puddle dock.†
Coalmeters, fifteen officers in the port of London, to whom belong the care and inspection of the just measure and weight of coals; each of whom is allowed four deputies or under-meters, who must be approved by the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, as upon them the care of weighing and measuring coals principally depends; their business being to attend each ship, in order to observe the due weight and admeasurement, to top the vats, and to return an account of the coals measured to the coal office, by which return or certificate of the under-meters, the duties on coals are collected. For this trouble they receive the fee of a pennyperchaldron for all coals measured, and two penceperton for all coals weighed:and both the principal and under-meters take an oath at their admission into their office, to give just measure to rich and poor without partiality or favour; to buy no coals except for their own use, nor ever to sell coals while in that office, or to take any more for their trouble than was anciently allowed.
CoalmetersOffice, in Church alley, St. Dunstan’s hill. In this office, which belongs to the fifteen upper coalmeters, is entered all the ships that arrive in the port of London with coals, and the quantity measured or weighed; in order to ascertain the duties to be paid, as well as to prevent impositions and frauds with respect to the subject.
Mr. Maitland gives the following septenary account, from the Custom House entry book, of the coals imported into the port of London.
But as both London and Westminster have been prodigiously increased since the last of these years, by a vast number of entire streets being built, we may conclude that this account falls extremelyshort of the quantity now annually imported into the same port.
Coat’sfarm, Coat’s lane.†
Coat’slane, Bethnal green.†
Cobb’scourt, Black Friars.†
Cobb’syard, 1. Blackman’s street.† 2. Petticoat lane.†
Cobham, a town in Surry, situated on the river Mole, six miles from Epsom, in the road from London to Guilford.
Near Cobham are several fine seats, particularly one belonging to the Lord Ligonier, and another, the seat of Mr. Bridges, which is built in a very singular taste, tho’ very plain on the outside, somewhat after the manner of an Italian villa. The principal rooms are richly ornamented; the ceilings are gilt; and the offices below are not only convenient, but contrived with great judgment, so as to answer the purposes for which they were designed. As the house is situated on an eminence, it commands the prospect of the adjacent fields, which are kept in great order. The river Mole passes along by the side of the gardens, and being made here four or five times, broader than it was naturally, it has a happy effect, especially as the banks are disposed into a slope, with a broad grasswalk, planted on each side with sweet shrubs. At one end of this walk is a very elegant room, which is a delightful retreat in hot weather, it being shaded with large elms on the south side, and having the water on the north and east sides, is extremely cool and pleasant. The house is situated about half a mile from the public road to Portsmouth, and is so much hid by the trees near it, as not to be seen till you rise on the heath beyond Cobham, where you have a fine view of it in several parts of the road between that town and Ripley.
Cockalley, 1. Deadman’s place.* 2. East Smithfield.* 3. Fleet lane.* 4. Green bank, Tooley street.* 5. Holiwell street, Shoreditch.* 6. Ludgate street.* 7. Montague close.* 8. Moorgate.* 9. Near Pepper alley, Southwark.* 10. Norton Falgate.* 11. Portpool lane.* 12. Shoreditch.* 13. Turnmill street.* 14. Wapping.* 15. Whitechapel.* 16. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*
Cock Alleystairs, near Pepper alley stairs, Southwark.*
Cockcourt, 1. Angel alley, Houndsditch.* 2. Black Boy alley, Chick lane.* 3. Grub street, near Moorfields.* 4. Ludgate hill.* 5. St. Martin’s le Grand.*6. New street, Broad street.* 7. Philip lane, London Wall.* 8. Poor Jewry lane.* 9. Snow hill.*
Cock and Bottlecourt, near Nightingale lane.*
Cock and Hoopcourt, Addle hill.*
Cock and Magpyecourt, Hog lane, Norton Falgate.*
Cock and Wheatsheafcourt, Houndsditch.*
Cockhill, 1. Anchor street. 2. Ratcliff.
Cocklane, 1. By Cock hill. 2. Near Falcon lane.* 3. Snow hill.* 4. Swan fields, Shoreditch.*
Cockyard, 1. Bennet street, Westminster.* 2. East Smithfield.* 3. Falconer’s alley, Cow Cross.* 4. In the Haymarket.* 5. Jacob’s street.* 6. Parish street.* 7. Thacket’s court, Bishopsgate street.* 8. Tothill street.*
Cock and Heartyard, in the Borough.*
Cock and Hoopyard, 1. In the Borough.* 2. Castle street, Long Acre.* 3. Houndsditch.*
Cocketalley, Fore street, Lambeth.
TheCockpit, opposite to the Privy Garden, is esteemed a part of the ancient palace of Whitehall, and retains its ancient name, though converted to very different uses from that of a Cockpit. This edifice,which is built with stone, is very old, and on the outside next the street has nothing to recommend it; but within it has several noble rooms and apartments, as the council chamber, &c.
Cockpitalley, 1. Drury lane. 2. Gravel lane.
Cockpitbuildings, Upper Chelsea road.
Cockpitcourt, 1. Dean street, Soho. 2. Gravel lane. 3. Jewin street. 4. King’s Way, near Bedford row. 5. Poppin’s alley, Shoe lane.
Cockpitstreet, Whitehall.☐
Cockpityard, James street.☐
Cock’s Headcourt, Golden lane.*
Cock’srents, St Catharine’s.†
Cockspurstreet, Pall Mall.
Codlinyard, Virginia street.‡
Codpiececourt, petty France, Westminster.║
Codpiecerow, Cold Bath fields.║
Coffee Housealley, Thames street.☐
Coffee Housecourt, Moorfields.☐
Coffinalley, Cow Cross.*
Coffincourt, St. Dunstan’s hill.*
Cogdellcourt, near Pultney street.†
Coggan’srents, Bett’s street.†
Colchesterstreet, 1. Red Lion street, Whitechapel. 2. Woodroffe lane.
Cold Bathfields, Hockley in the hole,took their name from the cold bath near them. SeeCold Bathsquare.
Cold Bathrow, Cold Bath street.☐
Cold Bathstreet, Cold Bath fields.☐
Cold Bathsquare, Cold Bath fields. On the north side of this small square, is pleasantly situated fronting the fields, the house in which is the cold bath. This is a handsome though old building, and is surrounded by a small, but neat garden, inclosed by a wall.
Cold Harbour, Thames street. It took its name from a magnificent building calledCold Herbergh, that is,Cold Inn, probably so denominated from its vicinity to the river. This building, which extended into the place now called Cold Harbour lane, was given by King Henry IV. to his son the Prince of Wales.Rymer’s Fœdera.
Cold Harbourlane, Thames street. This lane, and the stairs, are now generally called, and even spelt Coal Harbour.
Cold Harbourrow, Hackney road.
Cold Harbourstairs, Thames street.
Colebrook, orColnbrook, a town in Buckinghamshire, situated 18 miles from London, on four channels of the river Coln, over each of which it has a bridge. One part of the town is in Middlesex, andthe other in Buckinghamshire. Here is a charity school, and an ancient chapel, said to have been founded by Edward III. The principal support of the place are the inns, on account of its being in the Bath road.
Colemanalley, 1. Brown street.† 2. Bunhill row.†
Coleman’scourt, Castle lane.†
Colemanstreet, 1. Farthing fields.† 2. Lothbury.† 3. New Gravel lane.†
Coleman StreetWard, is bounded on the north by Cripplegate ward, upper Moorfields, and Bishopsgate ward; on the east by Bishopsgate ward, Broad street ward, and Cheap ward; on the south by Cheap ward; and on the west by Basinghall street ward. It extends from east to west, from the grate by Lothbury church, to the south side of Ironmonger lane; but no farther than the south-west corner of Basinghall street on the north side; and, in the other direction, it extends south from Moorgate to the garden belonging to Grocers hall in the Poultry.
The principal streets in this ward are, Coleman street, the north part of the Old Jewry; Lothbury, from Coleman street to St. Margaret’s church, on the north side, and on the south, to abouttwenty-seven feet beyond Prince’s street; the north side of Cateaton street, from Basinghall street to Coleman street, and the south side from Ironmonger lane. The most remarkable buildings are, the parish churches of St. Stephen Coleman street, St. Margaret’s Lothbury, and St. Olave’s Jewry; Founders hall, the Armourers and Brasiers hall, and the Excise office.
This ward is governed by an Alderman and his Deputy, six Common Council men, thirteen wardmote inquest men, four scavengers, four constables, and a beadle. The jurymen returned by the wardmote inquest serve in the several courts in Guildhall in the month of August.
Coleman’syard, 1. Barnaby street.† 2. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.†
Cole’salley, Whitechapel.†
Cole’srents, Moorfields.†
Coleyard, between Holborn and Drury lane.
Collegecourt, 1. Cow Cross. 2. Dean’s yard, Westminster. 3. Nightingale lane. 4. Stable yard. 5. Warwick lane.☐
Collegehill, Thames street.
Collegeof Heralds. SeeHeraldsOffice.
Collegeof Physicians. SeePhysicians.
Collegestreet, 1. Dirty lane, Westminster. 2. Narrow Wall, Lambeth.
Collegeyard, 1. Compter lane. 2. Deadman’s place. 3. Near the Hermitage.
Collier’scourt, Hart street, Cripplegate.†
Collier’srents, White street.†
Collingburn’srents, Dick’s shore, Limehouse.†
Collingwoodstreet, Maze Pond, near Snow fields, Southwark.†
Collin’scourt, 1. Bloomsbury market.† 2. Brick street.† 3. Farmer’s street.†
Collin’srents, 1. High Holborn.† 2. Upper Shadwell.† 3. White street.†
Colnbrook.SeeColebrook.
Colney, a village in Hertfordshire, three miles from St. Alban’s in the road to London, is called London Colney, to distinguish it from Colney street, which lies a little to the west, and Colney green. These villages receive their names from the river Coln, near which they are situated.
Colouryard, Worcester street.
Colson’scourt, Drury lane.†
Comb Nevil, in Surry, is situated in the parish of Kingston upon Thames, and was formerly the seat of the Earl of Warwick,called the setter up and puller down of Kings; but was lately in the possession of William Harvey, Esq; It is situated in the midst of a park; and near the house are certain springs whose water is conveyed in leaden pipes for three miles, under the road and lands, and across the bottom of the Thames to Hampton Court.
Cumber’scourt, Blackman street.†
Combmakers, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by Charles I. in the year 1636. They consist of a Master, two Wardens, and thirteen Assistants; but have neither hall nor livery.
Comes’scourt, Noble street, Foster lane.†
Commistry’salley, Cock hill, Ratcliff cross.
Common Council.These are the representatives of the commons, and compose one of the parts of the city legislature, which nearly resembles that of the kingdom; for as the latter consists of the King, Lords, and Commons, so this is composed of the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen and Common Council; the principal difference is, that the three estates of the kingdom enjoy separately the right of a negative, while in the citythis right is confined to the Aldermen and Common Council.
Before the year 1347, there were only two Common Council men returned for each ward, which being thought inefficient to represent the numerous body of the commons, it was at that time agreed, that each of the city wards should chuse a number of Common Council men according to its dimensions; but none to exceed twelve, nor any to have less than six; which has been since increased to the present number.
The city is now divided into twenty-five wards, and they into 236 precincts, each of which lends a representative, who is elected in the same manner as an Alderman; with this only difference, that as the Lord Mayor presides in the wardmote, and is judge of the poll at the election of an Alderman, the case is the same with the respect to the Aldermen in their several wards, at the choice of Common Council men.Maitland.
The Court ofCommon Council, consists of the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and representatives of the several wards, who assemble in Guildhall, as often as the Lord Mayor, by his summons, thinksproper to convene them, in order to make by-laws for the government of the city. They annually select six Aldermen and twelve Commoners for letting the city lands, and this committee generally meet at Guildhall on Wednesdays. They also appoint another committee of four Aldermen and eight Commoners for transacting the affairs belonging to Gresham College, who generally meet at Mercers hall, according to the appointment of the Lord Mayor, who is always one of the number. Besides the appointing of these, and several other committees, they by virtue of a royal grant, annually chuse a Governor, Deputy, and Assistants, for the management of the city lands in Ireland. They have likewise a right to dispose of the offices of town clerk, common serjeant, judges of the Sheriffs court, common crier, coroner, bailiff of the borough of Southwark, and city garbler.Maitland’s Survey.
CommonClerk. SeeTown Clerk.
Common Crier, an office of the city, who with the serjeant at arms, is to summon all executors and administrators of freemen to appear, and bring inventories of their personal estates,within two months after their decease. He is also obliged to attend the Lord Mayor on particular days, and to be present at the courts held weekly by his Lordship and the Aldermen. He is by his place an Esquire.
Common Hunt, the chief huntsman of the city, whose principal business is to take care of the city hounds, and to attend the Lord Mayor and citizens in hunting whenever desired. This officer has a house allowed him in Finsbury Fields, where the hounds are kept, and for their support he has a considerable annual allowance, besides his perquisites. He is also to attend the Lord Mayor on set days, and is by his place an Esquire.
Commonlane, in Thames street.
Court ofCommon Pleas. This is one of the four great courts of the kingdom, and is so called because in that court are debated the usual or common pleas between subject and subject, and all civil causes whatsoever. It was anciently ambulatory, and followed the King wheresoever he went; but at the confirmation ofMagna Charta, by King John, in 1215, it was fixed at Westminster, where it still continues.
Soon after the fixing of this court at Westminster, such a multitude of causes were brought before it, that the King for the greater dispatch of business, found it necessary instead of three, to constitute six Judges, whom he appointed to sit in two places: but at present the number being only four, they sit together in Westminster hall to hear and decide causes; but no Counsellor can plead before them under the degree of a Serjeant.
The chief Judge in this court is the Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, who has a salary of 2500l.per annum. with his robes and two tons of wine; the other, who are called the three puisne Judges of this court, and also four Serjeants, are each allowed fees, reward and robes, the puisne Judges having 2000l.per annumeach.
The other officers of this court are, the Custos Brevium; three Prothonotaries and their Secondaries; several clerks, who have their several counties allotted them, and are to engross the fines levied on lands in their respective divisions; the Chirographer; the Register of the fines, and a Clerk of the proclamations. The Prothonotaries and Chirographer sit in the court covered with black round caps,which was the fashion before the invention of hats and wigs. These are all sworn and have their offices for life. See CustosBrevium,Prothonotary, &c.