Chapter 4

S. Wale delin.E. Rooker sc.Entrance into the Temple & Temple Bar.

S. Wale delin.E. Rooker sc.York Stairs.

Tenths Office, in the Temple. In this office is a receiver of the tenths and his clerk, and a comptroller of the first fruits and tenths.

Tenteralley, 1. Little Moorfields.☐ 2. Tooly street, Southwark.☐

Tenter Groundalley, Castle street.☐

Tentergrounds, Curtain row, Norton Falgate: 2. Gravel lane: 3. Hog lane, Shoreditch.

TheTents, near Maze pond, Snow fields.

Terraswalk, York buildings.

Territscourt, Duck lane, Smithfield.† 2. Islington.†

Thacket’scourt, Bishopsgate street without.†

Thackham’scourt, Vine street, by Chandois street.†

Thames.As this river is the principal source of the wealth of this metropolis, and as the Lord Mayor’s jurisdiction over it is very extensive, a particular description of it in this place can be neither improper nor unnecessary.

The Thames if considered with respect to its course and navigation, is not to be equalled by any other river in the known world. It rises from a small spring near the village of Hemble, in the parish of Cubberly or Coberley, a little to the south-west of Cirencester in Gloucestershire;and taking its course eastward, becomes navigable at Lechlade for vessels of fifty tons, and there receives the river Colne about 138 miles from London. From Lechlade it continues its course north-east to Oxford, where it receives the Charwel; after which it runs south-east to Abingdon, and from thence to Dorchester, where it receives the Thame, and continues its course south-east by Wallingford to Reading, flowing through Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Surry, Middlesex, Essex and Kent, and washing the towns of Henly, Marlow, Maidenhead, Windsor, Eaton, Staines, Chertsey, Weybridge, Shepperton, Walton, Sunbury, Hampton, Thames Ditton, Kingston, Twickenham, Richmond, Shene, Isleworth, Kew, Brentford, Mortlake, Barnes, Chiswick, Hammersmith, Putney, Fulham, Wandsworth, Battersea, Chelsea, and Lambeth, from whence both shores may be termed a continued city, through Westminster, Southwark, and the city of London, Horselydown, Wapping, Rotherhith, Shadwell, Ratcliff, Limehouse, almost to Deptford, and Greenwich; and from thence this river proceeds to Woolwich, Erith, Grays, Gravesend and Milton.

It is impossible to represent the beauties with which the banks of this noble riverare embellished from Windsor to London; the numerous villages on both its banks being all along adorned with the magnificent houses and fine gardens of the nobility.

A person unaccustomed to the sight, cannot behold without surprise the vast number of barges and boats, as well of pleasure as of burden, above bridge, continually passing and repassing for the convenience and supply of the towns and counties washed by its gentle stream; and much more observe the vast fleets which constantly appear below bridge, carrying away the manufactures of Britain and bringing back the produce of the whole earth.

We should be inexcusable, if we did not here introduce Sir John Denham’s fine description of this river, in hisCooper’s Hill, as it would be difficult to say any thing so just, and impossible to say any thing so well upon the subject.

My eye descending from the hill surveysWhere Thames among the wanton valleys strays.Thames, the most lov’d of all the Ocean’s sons,By his old sire to his embraces runs,Hasting to pay his tribute to the sea,Like mortal life to meet eternity.Tho’ with those streams he no resemblance hold,Whose foam is amber, and their gravel gold;His genuin and less guilty wealth t’explore,Search not his bottom, but survey his shoar;O’er which he kindly spreads his spacious wing,And hatches plenty for th’ ensuing spring.Nor then destroys it with too fond a stay,Like mothers which their infants overlay.Nor with a sudden and impetuous wave,Like profuse Kings, resume the wealth he gave.No unexpected inundations spoilThe mower’s hopes, nor mock the plowman’s toil:But godlike his unwearied bounty flows;First loves to do, then loves the good he does.Nor are his blessings to his banks confin’d,But free and common as the sea or wind;When he to boast, or to disperse his storesFull of the tributes of his greateful shoresVisits the world, and in his flying tow’rsBrings home to us, and makes both Indies ours;Finds wealth where ’tis, bestows it where it wants,Cities in deserts, woods in cities plants.So that to us nothing, no place is strange,While his fair bosom is the world’s exchange.O could I flow like thee, and make thy streamMy great example, as it is my theme!Tho’ deep yet clear, tho’ gentle, yet not dull,Strong without rage, without o’erflowing full.Heav’n her Eridanus no more shall boast,Whose fame in thine, like lesser currents lost.

My eye descending from the hill surveys

Where Thames among the wanton valleys strays.

Thames, the most lov’d of all the Ocean’s sons,

By his old sire to his embraces runs,

Hasting to pay his tribute to the sea,

Like mortal life to meet eternity.

Tho’ with those streams he no resemblance hold,

Whose foam is amber, and their gravel gold;

His genuin and less guilty wealth t’explore,

Search not his bottom, but survey his shoar;

O’er which he kindly spreads his spacious wing,

And hatches plenty for th’ ensuing spring.

Nor then destroys it with too fond a stay,

Like mothers which their infants overlay.

Nor with a sudden and impetuous wave,

Like profuse Kings, resume the wealth he gave.

No unexpected inundations spoil

The mower’s hopes, nor mock the plowman’s toil:

But godlike his unwearied bounty flows;

First loves to do, then loves the good he does.

Nor are his blessings to his banks confin’d,

But free and common as the sea or wind;

When he to boast, or to disperse his stores

Full of the tributes of his greateful shores

Visits the world, and in his flying tow’rs

Brings home to us, and makes both Indies ours;

Finds wealth where ’tis, bestows it where it wants,

Cities in deserts, woods in cities plants.

So that to us nothing, no place is strange,

While his fair bosom is the world’s exchange.

O could I flow like thee, and make thy stream

My great example, as it is my theme!

Tho’ deep yet clear, tho’ gentle, yet not dull,

Strong without rage, without o’erflowing full.

Heav’n her Eridanus no more shall boast,

Whose fame in thine, like lesser currents lost.

The great advantage of this river is the tides flowing above seventy miles up it, twice in every twenty-four hours, and hence arises its great convenience with respect to trade and navigation; and as the tide is influenced by the moon, so each tide is twenty-four minutes later than that before, and therefore wants but twelve minutes of a whole hour in twenty-four: by this rule the return of the tideat any distance from the new or full moon may be easily computed by the following tide table at London Bridge.

Any person who wants to be informed when it will be high-water at London Bridge may by this table be immediately satisfied if he does but know how many days it is since the last new or full moon; for supposing it is the eighth day after, by looking at 8 in the first column he finds the tide on that day is at the 8thhour and 24 minutes, or twenty-four minutes past eight o’clock.

The Lord Mayor’s jurisdiction over the river Thames extends from Colne ditch, a little to the westward of Staines bridge, to Yendal or Yenleet, to the east, including part of the rivers Medway and Lea, and his Lordship has a deputy or substitute named the water bailiff, whose office is to search for, and punish, all offenders who infringe the laws made for the preservation of the river and its fish. Eight times in the year the Lord Mayor and aldermen sit in person in the four counties of Middlesex, Surry, Kent, and Essex, in order to maintain the rights and privileges of this river, and to charge four juries by oath to make inquisition after all offences committed on the river in order to proceed to judgment against those who are found guilty.

The laws with respect to fishing and preserving the fry and spawn are very numerous, among which are the following:

No fisherman shall use any net under two inches and a half in the mesh above Richmond Crane, nor any net in the work called beating of the bush, flag or reed, of less than three inches in themesh; nor use any weights or stones to their nets, upon the forfeiture of 2l.for each offence.

That no pike net or other net or engine be drawn over the weeds for catching of pikes by any fisherman within the jurisdiction of the Lord Mayor, by reason it is destructive to, and occasions the driving of all the other fish out of the western rivers, that would otherwise lie, spawn, and breed in the weeds, upon the same penalty of 2l.for every such offence.

That no fisherman shall bend any net by anchors, or otherwise, across the channel, or so as to draw another net into it, whereby the spawn of barbel and other fish may be destroyed, upon the forfeiture of the same sum for each offence.

That no such person shall draw any net for salmon of less than three inches in the mesh, from the 10th of March, till the 14th of September, in any part of the river of Thames, from Kew pile westward, to the city of London mark Stone above Stains bridge, upon forfeiture of 2l.for every offence.

That no person shall take or sell any fish contrary to the ancient assize: pike, fourteen inches; barbel, twelve inches; salmon, sixteen inches; trout, eight inches;tench, eight inches; roach, six inches; dace, six inches; and flounders, six inches.

That every fisherman shall have on his boat both his christian and surname, and the name of his parish legibly painted, where any one may see it; on the forfeiture of 1l.for every offence.

No person whatsoever shall fish for smelts or shads, or any other fish whatsoever, or lay leaps, or rods, for eels in any place within the Lord Mayor’s jurisdiction, without a licence from the water bailiff, who shall appoint the proper seasons for fishing: And that upon every such occasion all the fishermen shall upon due summons or notice given, repair to the water bailiff at the chapel at Guildhall, to take out their several licences for going to fish, and to hear the ordinances for the preservation of the fisheries publicly read, that they may be the better able to preserve and keep them; and that none go out to fish without such a licence; and that every fisherman offending herein shall pay 5l.for every such offence.

For the better preventing the use of unlawful nets or engines it is farther ordained, that any person or persons authorized by the water bailiff may enter any fishermens boats or vessels, to viewand search for all unsizeable nets and engines, and for any fish they shall suspect to be taken contrary to the laws of this kingdom; to seize and carry such nets to the water bailiff, with the names of the offenders, that they may be brought to justice; likewise to seize the fish taken contrary to law, and distribute it among the poor; and whosoever shall resist or disturb the water bailiff, or his deputies, in their searching for and seizing unlawful nets, engines, or fish, shall forfeit twenty marks.

Tho’ the Thames is said to be navigable an hundred and thirty eight miles above bridge, yet there are so many flats in that course, that in the summer season the navigation westward would be entirely put a stop to when the springs are low, were it not for a number of locks or machines made of wood, placed quite across the river, and so contrived as to confine the current of water as long as found convenient; that is, till the water rises to such a height as to allow depth enough for the barges to pass over the shallows; which being effected, the confined water is set at liberty, and the loaded vessel proceeds on its voyage, till another shoal requires the same contrivance to carry it forward: but though this is a very great convenience yet it is attended with considerableexpence; for a barge passing from Lechlade to London pays for passing through these locks 13l.15s.6d.and from Oxford to London 12l.18s.This charge is however only in summer when the water is low: and there is no lock on this river from London Bridge to Bolter’s lock, that is for the space of fifty-one miles and an half above bridge.

Thamesstreet, is of a prodigious length, it extending from Black Friars to Tower Dock. It is the first street that lies parallel to the Thames, on its north bank, and is chiefly inhabited by wholesale dealers.

Thatch’dalley, Chick lane.

Thatch’d Housealley, in the Strand.

Thatch’d Housecourt, St James’s street.

Thavie’s Inn, near the west end of St. Andrew’s church Holbourn, is one of the inns of chancery, and is thus named from its founder John Thavie, who liv’d in the reign of Edward III. It is a member of Lincoln’s inn, and has been lately rebuilt in a very handsome manner.

This house is governed by a principal and eleven ancients, who, with the other members, are to be ten days in commons in issuable terms, and in each of the rest a week.

Thavie’s Inncourt, Thavie’s inn.

Thavie’s Innpassage, Thavie’s inn.

Theatres, there are only two theatres in this metropolis worthy of notice, and these have no fronts to the street. They are both under his Majesty’s companies of comedians, and no new play can be acted in either without the approbation of the Lord Chamberlain, as well as the managers. Drury Lane house appears to be best calculated for the advantage of speaker and hearer, that of Covent Garden for splendor and magnificence. Besides these there is also a theatre for the exhibition of operas, call’d the Opera house, in the Haymarket.

Theatrecourt, Vinegar yard, Drury lane.

Theobalds, a pleasant village in Cheshunt parish in Hertfordshire, situated by the New River. Here the great Lord Burleigh built a magnificent seat, the gallery, says Hentzner in hisItinerarium, was painted with the genealogy of the Kings of England, and from thence was a descent into the garden, which was encompassed with a ditch filled with water, and large enough to have the pleasure of rowing in a boat between the shrubs; it was adorned with a great variety of trees and plants, labyrinths made with much labour, a jet d’eau with its bason of white marble, and with columns and pyramids. In the summer house, the lower part ofwhich was built semicircularly, were the twelve Roman Emperors in white marble, and a table of touchstone; the upper part of it was set round with leaden cisterns, into which water was conveyed through pipes. This seat the Lord Burleigh gave to his younger son Sir Robert Cecil, in whose time King James I. staying there for one night’s refreshment, as he was coming to take possession of the crown of England, he was so delighted with the place that he gave him the manor of Hatfield Regis in exchange for it, and afterwards enlarged the park, and encompassed it with a wall ten miles round. This palace he often visited, in order to enjoy the pleasure of hunting in Enfield Chase and Epping Forest, and at last died there. In the civil wars it was however plundered and defaced; it being the place from whence King Charles I. set out to erect his standard at Nottingham: King Charles II. granted the manor to George Monk, Duke of Albemarl; but it reverting again to the crown, for want of heirs male, King William III. gave it to William Bentinck, whom he created Earl of Portland, from whom it descended to the Duke his grandson: the great park, a part of which was inHertfordshire, and a part in Middlesex, is now converted into farms.

Here are several houses belonging to persons of distinction, and in this neighbourhood Richard Cromwell, who had been protector, but abdicated, passed the last part of his life in a very private manner.

Theobald’scourt, 1. in the Strand: 2. Theobald’s row.†

Theobald’srow, Red Lion street, Holbourn.†

Thievinglane, King street, Westminster. So called from thieves passing that way to the Gatehouse prison, during the continuance of the sanctuary.Maitland.

Thistleworth, orIsleworth. SeeIsleworth.Maitland.

St.Thomas Apostles, a church which stood where the cemetry is now in Queen street, Cheapside, and was of great antiquity, since we have an account of the state thereof so early as the year 1181. It owes its name to its dedication to St. Thomas the Apostle.

This church being destroyed by the dreadful fire of London in 1666, and not rebuilt, the parish was by act of parliament united to the church of St. Mary Aldermary, which is become the place of public worship for both, whereby the incumbent’s profits are considerably increased.

St.Thomas of Acars, orAcons, an hospital formerly situated where Mercers chapel now stands in Cheapside. This hospital was under this name dedicated to St. Thomas a Becket archbishop of Canterbury, probably upon the following occasion: when the city of Acars or Acon in the Holy Land was besieged by the Christians, an Englishman, chaplain to Radulphus de Diceto, dean of London, going to Jerusalem, bound himself by a vow that if he should prosperously enter Acon he would build a chapel to St. Thomas the Martyr at his own charge, and also procure a church-yard to be consecrated there to the honour of that supposed Martyr; this he actually performed, when many resorting to his chapel, he took the character of prior, and employed himself sometimes in fighting as a soldier, and at others, in burying the bodies of such as died either naturally or were slain by the enemy.Maitland.

Matthew Paris however says that the order of St. Thomas was instituted by Richard surnamed Cœur de Lyon, after the surprisal of Acars, in honour of Thomas a Becket; that they held the rule of St. Augustine, and wore a white habit, and a full red cross, charged in the middle with a white scallop, and thatPeter de Rupibus, bishop of Winchester, being in the Holy Land, caused the patriarch of Jerusalem to direct that the brethren of this church should be under the order of the Templars.M. Paris in vita Hen.III.

S. Wale delin.Elliot. sculp.St. Thomas’s Hospital.

However it is evident, that as the Templars and other orders, formed societies in England in imitation of those founded in Palestine, so this in Cheapside was founded in imitation of that at Acon, and therefore had the same name.

The revenue of this hospital, when it was surrendered to Henry VIII. amounted to 277l.3s.4d.per annum. The edifice was soon after purchased by the Mercer’s company. The image of Thomas a Becket however stood over the gate, till the beginning of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when somebody threw it down, broke it, and stuck up a writing on the church door, reflecting on those who placed it there. See the articleMercers.

Thomascourt, 1. Benjamin street: 2. Tackle Block court, Wapping.

St.Thomas’s Hospital, on the east side of the street called the Borough in Southwark, is a very noble and extensive charity, for the reception of the necessitous sick and wounded.

As to the origin of this hospital, it is to be observed, that the priory of St.Mary Overies being destroyed by fire in the year 1207, the canons erected at a small distance an occasional edifice to answer the same purpose, till their monastery could be rebuilt; which being accomplished, Peter de Rupibus, Bishop of Winchester, for the greater convenience of air and water, pulled it down in 1215, and erected it in a place where the prior of Bermondsey had two years before built an almonry, or almshouse, for the reception of indigent children, and necessitous proselytes; and having dedicated the new structure to St. Thomas the Apostle, he endowed it with land to the value of 343l.a year: from which time it was held of the abbot of Bermondsey, and ever since an hospital has continued in the same place.

In 1428, one of the abbots granted the foundation lands to Nicholas Buckland, the master of the hospital, and in that condition they remained, till at the dissolution of religious houses in the reign of Henry VIII. this fell with the rest.

In the year 1551 the Lord Mayor and Citizens having purchased of King Edward VI. the manor of Southwark, with its appurtenances, for the sum of 647l.2s.1d.a part whereof being this hospital, the city immediately repaired and enlarged it at the expenceof about 1100l.and in November following receiving into it two hundred and sixty poor sick and helpless objects, the hospital still retained its antient name, St. Thomas’s, and in 1553 the King incorporated a society of persons for its government, in common with the two other great charities, Bridewell and Christ’s Hospital.

Though the great fire of London in 1666 spared this hospital, it destroyed a great part of its possessions, and two others which happened a few years after in Southwark added to the distress. By these accidents the hospital of St. Thomas was almost reduced to ruin. The building was old, and wanted great repairs, and the funds that should have supported it were exhausted; but the benevolence of the principal persons in the city interposed for its preservation; the governors in 1699 set on foot a voluntary subscription, which they opened by large donations from themselves and their friends, and the public followed the example. The building was begun upon a larger and more commodious plan, and erected at different times by the assistance of different benefactors, till it became entirely completed, and consistsin the whole of three quadrangles or square courts.

Next the street is a handsome pair of large iron gates, with a door of the same work on each side for the convenience of foot passengers. These are fastened on the sides to a stone pier, on each of which is a statue representing one of the patients. These gates open into a very neat square court, encompassed on three sides with a colonade, surrounded with benches next the wall, for people to sit down. On the south under an empty niche is the following inscription,

This building on the south side of this court, containing three wards, was erected at the charge ofThomas Frederickof London, Esq; a worthy governor and liberal benefactor to this hospital,Anno 1708.

Under the same kind of niche on the opposite side is this inscription,

This building on the north side of this court, containing three wards, was erected at the charge ofThomas Guy, Esq; Citizen and Stationer of London, a worthy governor and bountiful benefactor to this hospital,Anno 1707.

The centre of the principal front, which is on the west side, facing the street,is of stone. On the top is a clock under a small circular pediment, and beneath that a niche with a statue of Edward VI. holding a gilt sceptre in his right hand, and the charter in his left. A little lower in niches on each side is a man with a crutch, and a sick woman: and under them, in other niches, a man with a wooden leg, and a woman with her arm in a sling: over the niches are festoons, and between the last mentioned figures the King’s arms in relievo. Under which is the following inscription,

King EdwardtheSixth, of pious memory, in the year of our Lord 1552 founded and endowed thisHospitalof St.Thomasthe Apostle,together with the Hospital of Christ and Bridewell in London.

Underneath is a spacious passage down several steps into the second court, which is by far the most elegant. It has colonades like the former, except at the front of the chapel which is on the north side, and is adorned with lofty pilasters of the Corinthian order, placed on high pedestals which rise from the ground, and on the top is a pediment, as there is also in the centre of the west and east sides:and above the piazzas the fronts of the wards are ornamented with handsome Ionic pilasters.

In the midst of this court is a good brass statue of King Edward VI. by Mr. Scheemakers, and behind him is placed upon a kind of small pedestal his crown laid upon a cushion. This statue is surrounded with iron rails, and stands upon a lofty stone pedestal, upon which is the following inscription in capitals:

This statueOf KingEdwardthe Sixth,A most excellent Prince,Of exemplary Piety and Wisdomabove his years;The glory and ornament of his age,and most munificent founderOf this hospital,Was erected at the expenceOfCharles Joyce, Esquire,in the yearmdccxxxvii.

On the opposite face of the pedestal is the same inscription in Latin.

In the middle of the east side of this court is a spacious passage into the next, the structure above being supported by rows of columns. The buildings in the third court are older than the others, and are entirely surrounded with a colonade, above which they are adorned with a kind of long slender Ionic pilasters, withvery small capitals. In the centre is a stone statue of Robert Clayton, Esq; dressed in his robes as Lord Mayor, surrounded with iron rails, upon the west side of the pedestal is his arms in relievo, and on the south side the following inscription:

To SirRobert Clayton, knight, born in Northamptonshire, Citizen and Lord Mayor of London, president of this hospital, and vice president of the new work-house, and a bountiful benefactor to it; a just magistrate, and brave defender of the liberty and religion of his country. Who (besides many other instances of his charity to the poor) built the girls ward in Christ’s hospital, gave first toward the rebuilding of this house 600l.and left by his last will 2300l.to the poor of it. This statue was erected in his life time by the governors,An. Dom.mdcci. as a monument of their esteem of so much worth; and to preserve his memory after death, was by them beautifiedAnno Dom.mdccxiv.

By this noble charity many hundred thousand of the poor have since its foundation received relief, and been cured of the various disorders to which humannature is subject; and though the estates at first belonging to this foundation were ruined, yet by the liberal munificence of the citizens since that time, the annual disbursements have of late amounted to near 8000l.The house contains nineteen wards, and 474 beds, which are constantly kept filled, and they have always a considerable number of out-patients.

The number of governors in this and the other city hospitals are unlimited, and therefore uncertain. They chuse their own officers and servants, both men and women: these are a president, a treasurer, an hospitaller or chaplain, four physicians, three surgeons, an apothecary, a clerk, a steward, a matron, a brewer and butcher, a cook, assistant and servant, an assistant clerk in the compting house, two porters, four beadles, nineteen sisters, nineteen nurses, nineteen watch-women, a chapel clerk and sexton, and one watchman.

St.Thomas’slane, Drury lane.*

Thomas’srents, Fore street, Limehouse.

St.Thomas’sSouthwark, on the north side of St. Thomas’s street was erected for the use of the above hospital, from which it is denominated; but the number of houses and inhabitants having greatly increased in the precinct of that hospital, it was judgednecessary to make the church parochial for the use of the inhabitants, and to erect a chapel in the hospital for the use of the patients. This church is therefore neither a rectory, vicarage, nor donative, but a sort of impropriation in the gift of the hospital.

This church is a plain brick building enlightened by one series of large windows, and the corners strengthened and adorned with rustic, as is the corners of the tower. The principal door has a cornice supported by scrolls and a circular pediment, and the tower, instead of a balustrade, is crowned with a blocking course of the Attic kind.

St.Thomas’sstreet, near St. Thomas’s hospital, in the Borough, Southwark.

Thomasstreet, 1. Coverleads Fields, Spitalfields. 2. Gainsford street, Horselydown lane: 3. Shoreditch Fields: 4. Virginia row, East Smithfield.

Thompson’srents, 1. Halfmoon alley.† 2. London Wall.†

Thompson’syard, upper ground, Southwark.†

Thrallstreet, Spitalfields.

Threadneedlealley, Little Moorfields.

Threadneedlestreet, extends from Princes street opposite the Lord Mayor’s mansion-house, and running by the back of theRoyal Exchange, reaches into Bishopsgate street.

Three Anchoralley, Shoe lane, Fleet street.*

Three Bellalley, Whitechapel.*

Three Bowlalley, Moorfields.*

Three Bowlcourt, Houndsditch.*

Three CCCcourt, Garlick hill, Thames street.*

Three Coltsalley, 1. near Bishopsgate street within.* 2. Cinnamon street.*

Three Coltscourt, Three Colts street Limehouse.*

Three Coltscorner, St. John street.*

Three Coltslane, Air street, Spitalfields.*

Three Coltsstreet, Limehouse.*

Three Coltsyard, 1. Crutched Friars, near Tower Hill.* 2. London Wall.* 3. Mile-end.* 4. Three Colts street.*

Three Compassesalley, East Smithfield.*

Three Compassescourt, near Brook street.*

Three Coneywalk, Butt’s street, Lambeth.*

Three Cranecourt, Southwark.*

Three Cranelane, Thames street.*

Three Cranestairs, at the bottom of Queen street, Cheapside.*

Three Cranes, a street by Thames street.

Three Cranewharf, three Crane stairs.

Three Crowncourt, 1. in the Borough.* 2. Castle street.* 3. Foster lane, Cheapside.* 4. Garlick hill, Thames street.5. In the Minories.* 6. Poor Jewry lane, Aldgate.* 7. Wheeler street, Spitalfields.* 8. White’s alley, Little Moorfields.*

Three Crownyard, Bride lane, Fleet street.

Three Cupalley, 1. Dean street.* 2. Shoreditch.*

Three Cupyard, Bedford street.*

Three Daggercourt, 1. Fore street, Crippelgate.* 2. Old Change.*

Three Diamondscourt, Hosier lane, Smithfield.

Three Falconsalley, St. Margaret’s hill.*

Three Falconscourt, 1. Fleet street.* 2. St. Margaret’s hill.*

Three Foxcourt, 1. Clements lane.* 2. Long Acre.* 3. Long lane, Smithfield.* 4. Narrow street, Ratcliff.* 5. Three Fox yard.*

Three Foxyard, Ratcliff.*

Three Griffinyard, Aldgate street.*

Three Gunlane, Three Colts street, Lambeth.*

Three Hammeralley, Green alley, Tooley street.*

Three Hatsalley, Horselydown lane.*

Three Herringscourt, 1. Creechurch lane, Leadenhall street.* 2. Long Acre.* 3. Redcross street, Crippelgate.* 4. St. Thomas’s in the Borough.*

Three Hoopyard, Holiwell street.*

Three Horseshoealley, Old street, Upper Moorfields.*

Three Horseshoecourt, 1. Chick lane, Smithfield.* 2. Giltspur street, without Newgate.* 3. Long lane, Smithfield.* 4. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

Three Horseshoeyard, James’s street.*

Three King’scourt, 1. Chandois street.* 2. Clement’s lane.* 3. Fleet street.* 4. King street, Covent Garden.* 5. Lombard street.* 6. in the Minories.* 7. Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

Three King’syard, David street, Grosvenor square.*

Three Legalley, East Harding street, by Shoe lane, Fleet street.*

Three Legcourt, Whitecross street, Cripplegate.*

Three Linkalley, Fashion street, Spitalfields.*

Three Marinerscourt, Fleet street, Spitalfields.*

Three Marinersstairs, Rotherhith.*

Three Mouldscourt, Cherry-tree alley.*

Three Needlealley, Moorfields.*

Three Nunsalley, Threadneedle street.*

Three Nunscourt, Threadneedle street.*

Three Nunsyard, Whitechapel.*

Three Oakslane, Horselydown.*

Three Pigeonsalley, Hockley in the Hole.*

Three Pigeonscourt, 1. Barbican, Aldersgate street.* 2. Jewin street, Aldersgate street.* 3. Moorfields.*

Three Sisterscourt, St. Catharine’s court, by the Tower.*

Three Slippercourt, Bishopsgate street.*

Three Stepalley, Rotherhith.

Three Stillscourt, Bishopsgate without.*

Three Tunsalley, 1. Bishopsgate street without.* 2. Cowcross, Smithfield.* 3. London wall.* 4. St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.* 5. Petticoat lane, Whitechapel.* 6. Thames street.* 7. Tothill street, Westminster.* 8. White street by Kent street, Southwark.*

Three Tunscourt, 1. Crooked lane.* 2. Brown’s street.* 3. Halfmoon alley.* 4. Hart street, Mark lane.* 5. Ivy lane, Newgate street.* 6. St. Margaret’s hill, Southwark.* 7. St Michael’s lane, Great Eastcheap.* 8. Moorfields.* 9. Nightingale lane East Smithfield.* 10. Old Castle street, Wentworth street.* 11. Redcross street, Cripplegate.* 12. Threadneedle street.*

Three Tunsyard, Cloth fair, Smithfield.*

Three Twistersalley, Bunhill row.*

Thriftstreet, Soho.†

Thrift’salley, Spring street.†

Throgmortonstreet, extends from Broad street to the end of Bartholomew lane.

Throwstersyard, Lamb alley.

Thrumstreet, King street, Cheapside.

Thrumyard, Sutton street.

Thunderboltalley, Windmill row. Upper Moorfields.

Thwait’srents, Newington Causeway.†

Tichbourncourt, 1. Holbourn.† 2. Vine yard, Drury lane.†

Tichfieldstreet, 1. Chapel street: 2. Margaret street.†

Tidewaiterscourt, Little Minories.

Tilbury, orWest Tilbury, a very ancient town in Essex, situated near the Thames; here the four proconsular ways made by the Romans, crossed each other, and in the year 630, this was the see of a bishop named Ceadda, who converted the East Saxons, In the reigns of Edward I. Edward II. and Edward III. it was held of the crown by the family of the Tilburies, and from them probably took its name. It is situated by level unhealthy marshes called the Three Hundreds, which are rented by the farmers, salesmen and grazing butchers of London, who generally stock them with Lincolnshire and Leicestershire weathers, which are sent hither from Smithfield in September and October, and fed here till Christmas or Candlemas; and this is what the butchers call right marsh mutton.

Tilburyfort, is situated in the marsh on the bank of the Thames, at some distance from the above town, from which it took its name, and is placed opposite to Gravesend. It is a regular fortification, and may justly be termed the key of the city of London. The plan was laid by Sir Martin Beckman, chief engineer to King Charles II. who also designed the works at Sheerness. It was intended to be a pentagon, but the water bastion was never built.

The foundation is laid upon piles driven down in two ranges, one over the other, which reach below the channel of the river, and the lowermost being pointed with iron, enter the solid chalk rock, which extends under the Thames and joins to the chalk hills on the other side. The esplanade of the sort is very large, and the bastions which are faced with brick are said to be the largest of any in England. It has a double moat, the innermost of which is 180 feet broad; with a good counterscarp, a covered way, ravelins, and terails. On the land side are also two small redoubts of brick; but its chief strength on that side consists in its being able to lay the whole level under water, and by that means to render it impossible for an enemy to carry on approaches that way.

On the side next the river is a very strong curtain, with a noble gate, called the water-gate in the middle, and the ditch is palisadoed. Before this curtain is a platform in the place of a counterscarp, on which are planted 106 cannon, carrying from 24 to 46 pounds each, besides smaller ones planted between them; and the bastions and curtains are also planted with guns. Here likewise is a high tower called the blockhouse, which is said to have been built in the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

TilersandBricklayers, a fraternity of considerable antiquity, though it was not incorporated till the year 1568, when Queen Elizabeth granted them letters patent.

This company consists of a master, two wardens, thirty-eight assistants, and 103 liverymen, who, upon their admission, pay a fine of 12l.

They have a convenient hall in a court in Leadenhall street.Maitland.

Tiltyard, Whitehall. So called from the tilts and tournaments formerly used there.Maitland.

Tin Plate Workers, a company incorporated by letters patent granted by King Charles II. in the year 1670; by the name ofthe master, wardens, assistants and commonalty of the art and mystery of TinPlate Workers, aliasWire Workers of the city of London.

This fraternity is governed by a master, two wardens, and twenty assistants; but has neither hall nor livery.Maitland.

Tinderboxalley, Norton Falgate.

Tinderboxcourt, White Lion yard.

Tite’salley, Limehouse.†

Tittenhanger, three miles south-east of St. Albans, is situated near Colney, and is a very handsome seat belonging to Sir Henry Pope Blunt, Bart.

Titmousealley, Farmer’s street, Shadwell.

Titus’scourt, Holbourn hill.†

Tobaccopipealley, 1. Little St. Anne’s lane.* 2. Sun yard, Nightingale lane, East Smithfield.*

Tobaccopipe Makers, a company incorporated by letters patent, granted by King Charles II. in the year 1663.

They are governed by a master, two wardens, and eighteen assistants; but have neither hall nor livery.Maitland.

Tobaccopipeyard, Old Gravel lane, Ratcliff Highway.*

Tobacco Rollcourt, 1. Gracechurch street*, 2. Longalley, Moorfields.*

Tobacco Rollyard, Sun yard, Nightingale lane.*

Tokenhouseyard, 1. Leadenhall street: 2. A very handsome place in Lothbury, chiefly inhabited by merchants.

Tom’syard, Whitechapel.†

Tongue’salley, Whitechapel.†

Tongue’syard, Whitechapel.†

Tonson’swharf, Puddle Dock.†

Tooley’sgate, Tooley street.†

Tooley’sgate yard, Tooley street.†

Tooley’sstairs, Tooley street.†

Tooleystreet, the first street in Southwark next London Bridge.†

Tooley’sWatergate, Tooley street.†

Tooley’sWatergate stairs, Tooley street.†

Tormenthill, Broadway.

Tothilcourt, Tothil street.

Tothilfields, Peter street, Westminster.

Tothilfields School, situated in Rochester row, Tothilfields, was founded by Emery Hill, Esq; in the year 1667, for the instruction of twenty boys of the parish of St. Margaret, Westminster, in english, latin, writing and arithmetic.Maitland.

Tothil Side, Tothilfields.

Tothilstreet, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster.

Tottenham Court, a pleasant village situated between St. Giles’s and Hampstead.

Tottenhamcourt road, St. Giles’s.

Tottenham High Cross, a village on the west side of the river Lea, five miles north-east from London in the road to Ware.David King of Scotland being possessed of this manor, after it had belonged to the Earls of Northumberland and Chester, gave it to the monastery of the Trinity in London; but Henry VIII. granted it to William Lord Howard of Effingham, who being afterwards attainted, it reverted again to the King, who then granted it to the dean and chapter of St. Paul’s to whom it still belongs. The present Earl of Northumberland and the Lord Colerain have seats here, and there are also a great number of pretty houses belonging to the citizens of London, the church stands on a hill, which has a little river called the Mosel at the bottom, to the west, north and east.

The parish is divided into four wards, viz. 1. Nether ward, in which stands the parsonage and vicarage: 2. Middle ward, comprehending Church end, and Marsh street. 3. High Cross ward, containing the hall, the mill, Page green, and the High cross; and 4. Wood Green ward, which comprehends all the rest of the parish, and is bigger than the three other wards put together.

The cross, which gives name to the place, was once much higher than it is at present, and upon that spot Queen Eleanor’s corps was rested,when on the road from Lincolnshire to London. St. Loy’s well, in this parish, is said to be always full, and never to run over; and the people report many strange cures performed at Bishop’s Well. In 1596, an almshouse was founded here by one Zancher, a Spaniard, the first confectioner ever known in this kingdom. Here are also a free-school, and a charity school for twenty-two girls, who are cloathed and taught.

Towerof London, on the east side of the city, near the Thames. This edifice, at first consisted of no more than what is at present called the White Tower; and without any credible authority, has been vulgarly said to have been built by Julius Cæsar; though there is the strongest evidence of its being marked out, and a part of it first erected by William the Conqueror in the year 1076, doubtless with a view to secure to himself and followers a safe retreat, in case the English should ever have recourse to arms to recover their liberties. That this was the Conqueror’s design, evidently appears from its situation on the east side of London, and its communication with the Thames, whence it might be supplied with men, provisions, and military stores, and it even still seems formed for a place of defence rather than offence.

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