FOOTNOTES

FOOTNOTES1Christian Schools and Scholars, by A. T. Drane; 1881; last chapter.2On the Furthering of Humane Studies; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 129.3History of the Papacy, vol. i, book v, § 3; Jesuit Schools in Germany.4Sur la destruction des Jésuites, par un auteur désintéressé, p. 19.5Imago Primi Sæculi, lib. vi, Societas Flandro-Belgica, cap. iii, § 1, p. 772.6Crétineau-Joly, Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus, tom. iv, ch. 3, p. 210; 3meedit. 1851.7Histoire de l'Université de Paris, par Charles Jourdain, liv. i, ch. 1; quoted with other testimonies, in the learned work, Un Collège de Jésuites aux xvii and xviii siècles, Le Collège Henri iv de la Flèche, par le P. Camille de Rochemonteix, 1889; tom. i, ch. 1, p. 3.8Exercitia Spiritualia.9Ranke, History of the Papacy, vol. i, book ii, § 7.10Genelli, Life of St. Ignatius Loyola, p. 351.11Imago Primi Sæculi, lib. iv, cap. ix, pp. 521-2; De Calumniis.12Jouvancy, Epitome Hist. S. J., p. 168, ad annum 1551.13Advancement of Learning, book i; Philadelphia edit. 1841, vol. i, p. 167.14Month of July, tom. vii; auct. J. P., § xviii, pp. 443-4.15Genelli, Life of St. Ignatius Loyola, part i, ch. 8.16Bollandists, as above, nn. 313-4; ibid., Suarez, Nigronius, and others.17Genelli, Life of St. Ignatius Loyola, part ii, ch. 13.18Bulla canoniz. S. Ign. de Loyola, § 22.19Bollandists, nn. 313-4; 317.20Bollandists, July, tom. vii, auct. J. P., §§ xxvii, xxviii.21Nigronius; Bollandists, n. 317.22Apocalypse, ch. xviii, 13.23Advancement of Learning, book i, p. 176; Phila. edit.24Père Charles Daniel S. J., Des Études Classiques dans la Société Chrétienne, ch. 8, La Concile de Trente; 1853.25Bollandists, auct. J. P., nn. 293-7.26Bollandists, n. 292.27Gagliardi.28Hist. S. J., 2da pars, Lainius; ad annum 1564, n. 220, p. 340.29Chiefly from P. Enrico Vasco, S. J., Il Ratio Studiorum Addattato ecc, vol. i, cap. vii, n. 33, a private memoir, 1851.30Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, ii, p. 71; Ratio Studiorum, etc., by G. M. Pachtler, S. J.; Berlin, 1887.31Ibid. Pachtler, p. 334seq.32Ibid. Pachtler, p. 337seq.33Genelli, part ii, ch. 8.34Jouvancy, Epitome Hist. S. J., Anno Christi, 1547.35Vasco, vol. i, cap. vii, n. 33 seq.36Orlandini, Bollandists, n. 843.37Bollandists, n. 839.38Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 72.39Constitutiones S. J., pars iv, declarationes in proœmium.40Sacchini, pars iii, lib. i, nn. 36-42.41Sacchini, pars iii, Borgia; lib. i, nn. 36 seq.42Sacchini, pars v, Claudius Aquaviva, tom. prior; lib. iv, n. 81.43Recherches sur la Compagnie de Jésus en France au temps du Père Coton, par le P. Prat, tom. ii, p. 296.44Constitutiones S. J., pars iv, cap. vii, n. 3.45Bibliothèque des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus, Preface, 1869.46Crétineau-Joly; Histoire Religieuse, Politique et Littéraire de la Compagnie de Jésus, tom. ii, ch. iv, p. 176; troisième édit. 1851.47De Institutione Juventutis; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 61.48Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii; Pachtler, p. xx.49They are catalogued by Rochemonteix, Collège Henri IV, tom. ii, ch. i, p. 57, note.50Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix; Pachtler, p. 192, n. 3.51Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, pp. 110-2.52Arch. Rheni Sup., quoted by Pachtler; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 110; see also the letter of the General John Paul Oliva, ibid. p. 106.53Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii; Pachtler, p. xx.54Vol. ix, pp. 322-389.55Maynard; The Studies and Teaching of the Society of Jesus, at the Time of its Suppression, 1750–1773; Baltimore edit. 1885, ch. 2; The Jesuits in Germany, pp. 112-3.561777, 18 novembre, Œuvres de Voltaire, vol. xcv, p. 207; edit. 1832.57Lettre à Voltaire, 7 juillet, 1770; Œuvres de Voltaire, tom. xii, p. 495; edit. 1817.58Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, pp. 358-9.59Le Collège Henri IV, tom. ii, ch. 1, p. 20.60Fernand Butel, Docteur en Droit, etc.; L'Éducation des Jésuites autrefois et aujourd'hui, Un Collège Breton, ch. 1, p. 51; p. 19; p. 28; Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1890.61Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 65.62Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 7, n. 1.63Formulæ acceptandorum Collegiorum, etc., summarium; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 338.64Ibid.65Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 76, 5. Their curriculum was enlarged in 1829; ibid., p. 110, 6.66Ratio Studiorum 1599; Reg. Prov. 21, § 4. Pachtler, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 258.67Constitutiones, ibid.68Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 12.69Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 5, n. 1.70Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 9, n. 3.71Ibid., c. 5, n. 1, C.72Ch. xi. below.73Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 6, n. 2.74Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 311.75Ibid., p. 310, note.76Ribadeneira, Bollandists, July, tom. vii, nn. 335seq.77Le Collège Henri IV., tom. iii, pp. 5-7.78Compare the ordinance of Father Oliver Manare, 1583, n. 114; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii. p. 269.79Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 13, n. 4.80Bollandists, ibid., 376-7.81Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 169.82L'Éducation des Jésuites autrefois, etc., par Dr. F. Butel, ch. 1, pp. 22-8. This author sketches agreeably the means touched upon in the text, and his references are useful.83Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 261. Addita quædam Exercitiis Litterariis Humanistarum, 1580; prior to the completed Ratio Studiorum.84Ibid., p. 262.85Lettre xc.86Compare Chateaubriand's Genius of Christianity, part iv, book vi, Recapitulation; translation by Dr. Chas. I. White; Baltimore, 1884, p. 637seq.87Paris, Victor Palmé, 1880.88Works; Philadelphia edit. 1859, vol. i, p. 244.89Bibliotheca Selecta in qua agitur de Ratione Studiorum, in Historia, in Disciplinis, in Salute Omnium procuranda. De Backer in his Bibliothèque des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus gives the list of republications, either in whole or in part. Sommervogel's new work, royal quarto, Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus, 1890, has reached thus far only to the letter B; hence Possevino is not yet entered.90Ibid., p. 187.91Ibid., p. 136.92Ch. 10, of book 1, Ratio Collegiorum et Scholarum, etc., end of chapter; Roman edit.93Histoire d'un Collège Municipal aux XVIe, XVIIe, et XVIIIesiècles ... à Bayonne avant 1789. Thèse presentée à la Faculté des Lettres de Toulouse, par J. M. Drevon, censeur des Études au Lycée d'Agen, 1890. About 500 pages.94Pp. 160-234.95P. 429.96Dante, Parad. viii.97De La Haute Éducation Intellectuelle, liv. iv, ch 4. Compare Vasco, vol. i, n. 24.98Essais sur l'Instruction Publique, par Charles Lenormant, membre de l'Institut; quoted by Rochemonteix, Le Collège Henri IV, tom. ii, ch. 1, p. 49, in his very instructive discussion on the Jesuitinternat, orpensionnat.99Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 78.100Const., part iv, ch. 3, decl. B.101Turpissimis signis.102Bibliotheca Selecta, lib. i, ch. 44; Quasnam tetenderit insidias humani generis hostis, etc.103Ribadeneira, Bollandists, nn. 373seq.104Bibliotheca Selecta, lib. i, ch. 40.105Ratio Studiorum of 1599 and 1832, Reg. Prov. 37. The higher courses are allowed a midsummer vacation of between one and two months; in the lower or literary course, Rhetoric is allowed one month, the others classes less. Besides certain feast-days during the year, every week must have one day free, which, in the higher courses, is the whole day, but, in the lower, is only the latter part of it.1061602; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 467.107Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 411.108Bollandists, n. 374.109Lettre 7 février, 1746; Œuvres, tom. viii, p. 1128; edit. 1817.110Crétineau-Joly, Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus, tom. iv, ch. 3, p. 209; edit. 1851. This chapter and the following one, ch. 4, in Crétineau-Joly, pp. 158-297, contain the most varied information on our subject, regarding professors, writers, scholars, etc.111Epistola de Institutione Juventutis, et Studiis Litterarum Promovendis, 1639; Mon. Germ. Pæd., vol. ix, Pachtler, p. 62.112Paradise Lost, book iv.113Notice sur le Pensionnat, etc. à Fribourg en Suisse, 1839, pp. 56seq.1141585; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 411.115Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, Pachtler, p. 59.116Manare, Commentarius.117Crétineau-Joly, tom. i, ch. 3, p. 150.118Compare Cretineau-Joly, tom. i, ch. 6; tom. iv, chs. 3, 4.119The more heavily the strain of war bore upon Germany, the more assiduously were the succors sent in; no part of the field was more under Loyola's eye.120History of the Papacy, vol. i, book v, § 3; The First Jesuit Schools in Germany; Foster's translation, p. 417.121Compare Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, Pachtler, Nr. 72; Nr. 91; Nr. 92, etc.122This very instructive correspondence may be seen sketched in Genelli's Life of St. Ignatius of Loyola, part ii, ch. 8, pp. 342seq.1889.123Ch. 6, above, p. 84.124Const., pars iv, c. 7, decl. E.125Compare Mon. Germ. Pæd., vol. ii, Pachtler, Nr. 38, the theological faculty of the University of Würzburg, p. 303, n. 7; Mon. Germ. Pæd., vol. ix, Pachtler, Nr. 67, p. 162, and Nr. 68, p. 178, the theological and philosophical faculties of the University of Trier, etc.126Compare Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 38, note about Perugia.127Ibid., p. 51, note about Valencia.128Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 369, Letter to Father Kessel.129Compare Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, Papstliche Privilegien, pp. 1-8.130Bollandists, J. P., n. 612.131The pedagogic legislation, from this date onwards, is to be found in Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, pp. 70-125.132Pachtler, ibid., p 75.133Pachtler, ibid., pp. 126-132.134European Civilization, ch. 46.135National Education, part ii, vol. ii, p. 659; p. 74; New York, 1872.136Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, Pachtler, p. 57.137Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, Lecture 26.138Lecture 35.139Eulogy pronounced by the Cardinal Maury on his predecessor in the Institute of France, the Jesuit De Radonvilliers, 1807.—Orateurs Sacrés, Migne, tom. lxvii, column 1161.140A classification of eminent students may be found in Crétineau-Joly, tom. iv, ch. 3, p. 207.141Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus, nouvelle édition, par Carlos Sommervogel S. J., Strasbourgeois, tom. i, from Abad to Boujart; large quarto edition, 1890.142Doctrina Christiana, etc.; Traductions; Sommervogel,sub voce,Bellarmine, columns 1187–1204.143In the matter of general philology alone compare the monograph, Die Sprachkunde und die Missionen, von Joseph Dahlmann S. J., 15 January, 1891, fiftieth supplement to the Stimmen aus Maria-Laach, 121 pages.144Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Pachtler, p. 29.145Ibid., vol. v, p. 9seq.146Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 12seq.147Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 26seq.148Disputatio acris oriebatur.149Ibid., Nr. 8, p. 65.150Vol. v, pp. 67-217.151Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 15seq.152As an instance of the minute criticism brought to bear upon it in Germany, consult Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 218seq.Similar animadversions are to be understood as coming from other quarters.153Supercheries littéraires dévoilées iii, 446, f; Sommervogel, Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes et Pseudonymes, etc., S. J.,sub voce,Ratio.154Quoted by Ch. Daniel, S. J., Les Jésuites Instituteurs de la Jeunesse, etc., last ch. p. 297.155Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Nr. 11, p. 227.156Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 252, Ratio Studiorum of 1599, Reg. Prov. 19, § 11.157Compare Lord Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, book ii, p. 186, 1st column; Philadelphia edit. 1846.158Chapter vi, above, p. 83.159Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 129, Ratio Studiorum of 1586, c. Stud. Philos.160Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 491, n. 32.161Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 154, n. 6, Humanitatis Doctores quos et quales, etc.162Vitelleschi, 1639, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 60, n. 4.163Ratio Stud., Reg. Prov. 19; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 242.164Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, pp. 84, 93.165Ibid., vol. ii, p. 101.166Rt. St. 1599, Reg. Prof, Rhet. 6; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 404.167Sommervogel fills twenty-four columns with a partial enumeration of the editions of Alvarez; Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus, 1890,sub voce,Alvarez.168Compare Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 269, n. 114; Manare's Ordinance for Germany.169Rationarium Temporum, Paris, 1632.170Daniel, Les Jésuites Instituteurs, etc., ch. 10, p. 216.171Geographiæ et Hydrographiæ Reformatæ Libri xii, Bologna, 1661, in folio.172See the pleasant sketch in Daniel's Les Jésuites Instituteurs, etc., chs. 2-5; also Maynard's The Jesuits, their Studies and Teaching, ch. 4, Scientific Condition of the Jesuits, etc.173Rome, 1583, 8vo, pp. 219.174Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 141, De Mathematicis.175Reg. Prov. n. 20.176First edition in 1697.177De l'Église Gallicane, liv. i, ch. 8, p. 46; edit. 1821.178The medal is in the Coleman Museum of the Georgetown University, where De Vico, with Sestini, was astronomer for some time.179For an historical sketch of Bavarian Jesuits, under the aspect of scientific eminence, see Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, pp. 445-6, where Father Pachtler gives the Prospectus of a new scientific and literary review, to be issued in Bavaria, 1772. The Suppression forestalled it.180Histoire des Mathematiques, t. iv, p. 347; quoted by Crétineau-Joly, t. iv, c. 4, p. 283, who contains a large amount of literature upon this subject. According to late researches, made by MM. C. André and G. Rayet, astronomers of the observatory of Paris, the number of observatories established in the whole world, towards the close of the last century, was 130. Of this number, 32 were founded by Jesuits, or were under their direction.—Victor Van Tricht, La Bibliothèque des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus, etc., appendice 1er, p. 221; 1876.181Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 13, n. 4.182Bollandists, J. P., n. 871.183Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 151seq.184Ratio St., Reg. Prov. 28; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 260.185Ibid., vol. ix, p. 59.186Ibid., vol. v, Rt. St. 1586, Humanitatis Magistri, n. 5, p. 153.187Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 415.188Ibid., vol. v, n.. 3, p. 152.189Ibid., vol. v, n. 4, p. 152.190Ibid., vol. v, p. 260; Reg. Prov. 24, 25.191Ibid., vol. ix, p. 60; letter of the year 1639.192Ibid., vol. v, p. 154.193Ibid, vol. ix, p. 130, n. 2.194Ibid., n. 6.195Ibid., vol. v, p. 352.196Ibid., vol. v, p. 149.197Ibid., p. 153.198Rt. St., Reg. Rect. 3; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 268.199Ibid., n. 18, p. 272.200Reg. Prov. 33; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, p. 262.201Ibid., vol. ix, p. 131.202Jouvancy, Ratio Discendi; c. Ordo Studendi.203Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 144.204Ibid.205Ibid., vol. ii, p. 126; Reg. Prov. n. 50.206Rt. St. 1586; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 150.207Formula Acceptandorum Collegiorum, b; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 339.208Hist. S. J., Sacchini, pars ii, Lainius, lib. viii, n. 219, ad annum 1564.209Rt. St. 1586, ibid.210Rt. St. 1599, Reg. Prov. 27; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 260.211Chapter xi, above, p. 155.212Statuten der philos. Fak. Ingolstadt, 1649; De Auditoribus; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 284.213Qui non in Academia, sed privatim in aliquo Auditorio aut Monasterio audierunt philosophiam.214Nisi probent se omnes materias publice audivisse in aliqua Academia probata: Würzburger Promotionsgebrauche, 1662; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 387.215Rhetius S. J. für Reform der theol. Fak. zu Köln, November, 1570; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 217.216Rt. St., Reg. Prov. 28; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 260.217Ibid., vol. v, p. 133, n. 10, Studium Philos.218Biblioth. Selecta; de Cultura Ingeniorum, cap. 27.219Prævidere.220Prælegere.221Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 450, n. 4.222Ibid., p. 460, n. 9.223Rt. St. 1586, Studium Philos. n. 12; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 134. Compare also the German Province, where, in 1586, four hours are reduced to three, ibid., vol. ii, p. 283.224Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 154.225Ibid., vol. v, p. 108, De Privato Studio Scholasticorum; ibid. p. 133, n. 11, Studium Philos.226Ut concionabundi.227Rt. St., Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 11; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 290.228Rt. St. 1599, Reg. Prof. Phil. n. 16; 1832, n. 9, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, pp. 340, 332.229Rt. St. 1586, Repetitiones, n. 3; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 99.230Chapter vii, above, The Moral Scope, p. 101.231Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 268; Reg. Rect. n. 6.232Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, p. 456; Institutio pro biennio, n. 14.233Præclara aliqua materia.234Ibid., p. 454.235Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 9; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, p. 288.236Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 6, H.237Rt. St. 1586, Repetitiones, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 99.238Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 14, B.239Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 245.240Ibid., vol. v, p. 68.241Consult the five volumes of Nomenclator Litterarius Recentioris Theologiæ Catholicæ, by H. Hurter, S. J., 1871–1886.242Rt. St., Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 12; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 290; compare also Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, Ordnung Einer Selbst. Univ. der Ges. J. 1658, pars ii, c. 4, p. 355; De Repetitonibus et Disputationibus Scholasticorum S. J.243Ibid., n. 14.244Ibid., n. 20.245Ibid., n. 13.246Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 95; Congr. gen. 11.247Reg. Prof. S. Script., n. 19, 20; also Statuten der philos. Fak. Ingolstadt, 1649, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 291.248Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, pp. 359-381.249Rt. St. 1586, Disputationes; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 103.250Ibid.251Ibid., vol. v, Commentariolus, p. 45seq.252Nihil perfecte scitur, nisi dente disputationis feriatur; see the Life and Labors of St. Thomas of Aquin, by Bede Vaughan, 1871, vol. i, ch. 16, p. 388. The two chapters on Paris, in this learned work, are replete with information pertinent to our subject.253Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 71, n. 5; De Scripturis.254Reg. Prov., n. 5; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 234.255Commentariolus, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 53.256Cum non raro, quæ splendescere videntur in cubiculo, sordeant in Scholasticis concertationibus.257Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Disputationes, n. 8, p. 102.258Ibid.259Ibid., p. 147, Separandane sint Seminaria, etc.260Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 16; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 292.261Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 292; Rt. St. 1599, Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 18; Rt. St. 1586, Disputationes, ibid., p. 106.262Ibid., p. 102, n. 7, p. 276, n. 6.263Rt. St., Reg. Prof. Stud., nn. 12, 21; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, pp. 278, 282.264Ibid., Reg. Prov., n. 19, p. 244.265Chapter xi, above, p. 157.266De Ratione et Modo Prælegendi; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 82.267Ad literam legibilem.268Ad prælegendum egregie.269Rt. St. 1586, De Ratione ac Modo Prælegendi; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, pp. 81-5.270Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., nn. 9, 10, p. 288.271Why, if the paper drops, the wisdom too must be off!272Possevinus, Biblioth. Selecta, lib. i, de cultura ingeniorum, cc. 25-6, edit. Venet. 1603, pp. 21-2. He refers to the publication of the Conimbricenses, a consolidated work of the faculty of Coimbra, just as the "Wirceburgenses," later on, and at present, under Father Cornely, the writers of the Cursus Scripturæ Sacræ are publishing their works as a corporate whole.273Rt. St. 1599, Reg. Prov., n. 4; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 234.274Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 13, n. 3; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 55.275Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 20; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 292.276Constitutiones, ibid., C.277Ibid.278Vitelleschi, 1639; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 59.279Chapter xi, above, p. 162.280Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Commentariolus, p. 43.281Ibid.282Ibid., p. 41.283Ordinatio pro Stud. Sup., 1651; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 88.284Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Utrum Quinquennium, etc., p. 76.285Ibid.286Modus Prælegendi, n. 10; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 84.287Rt. St. 1599, Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., nn. 7, 8; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 288.288Rt. St., Reg. Prof. Rhet., n. 8; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 406.289Ibid., n. 1.290Ibid., nn. 6, 7.291Reg. Prof. Hum., n. 5; ibid., p. 420.292Rt. St. 1856, Classis Hum.; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 195.293Ibid., Class. Rhet., n. 6, p. 198.294Ibid., Exercitationes lat. et græc., n. 2; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 166.295Maxime rudi Minerva.296Rt. St., Reg. Præf. stud. inf., n. 8, § 4; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 354.297Ibid., Reg. comm. Prof. cl. inf., n. 24; ibid., p. 388.298Exercitationes lat. et græc., Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 167.299Rt. St., Special rules of the respective classes, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, pp. 398-448. Rules of the Academies, ibid., pp. 460-480.300Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 166, Schulregeln um 1560-61.301Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 145.302Jouvancy, Ratio Docendi; c. De interpretatione vernacula, etc.303Modus explicandæ prælectionis.304Eruditio ex omni doctrina, Reg. Prof. Rhet., n. 1, ex omni eruditione, ibid., n. 8.305Lettre 7 février, 1746, Œuvres, t. viii, p. 1127; edit. 1817.306De Backer, Bibliothèque des Écrivains de la Compagnie,sub voce,Cerda.307Sommervogel, Bibliothèque de la Compagnie,sub voce,Abram.308Sommervogel, ibid.309De Backer,sub voce,Rapin.310Rt. St. 1586, c. 8, De Libris; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 178.311Reg. Præf. Stud., n. 29; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, p. 284.312Ibid., p. 179.313Ch. xi, above, p. 164seq.314Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 180.315Rt. St. 1586, Class. Rhet., pp. 197-8.316Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres; lecture XII, at the end.317Ibid., lecture XIX, On Forming Style, at the end.318Rt. St. 1586; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, pp. 160-4.319Reg. Præf. stud. inf., n. 31; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 364.320Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 491.321Ratio Docendi, c. ii, De discipulorum eruditione, art. 3.322Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Exercit. lat. et græc., n. 8, p. 170.323Sicut porcelli inter se commixti.324Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 493.325Reg. Externorum Auditorum Soc., Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 458.326Rt. St., Reg. Præf. stud. inf., 11; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 358.327Rt. St. 1586, Ratio promovendi, etc., Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 177.328Reg. Præf. stud. inf., n. 8, § 12.329Rt. St., Reg. Præf. stud. inf., n. 13; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 360.330Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 15, n. 2; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 60.331Ibid., n. 3.332Rt. St. 1586, De Gradibus, etc., Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 110.333Vol. ix, pp. 359-387.334Rt. St., Reg. Prov., 17, § 2.335Rt. St. 1832, Reg. Præf. stud. inf., n. 8, § 11.336Ibid., nn. 12, § 2; 28, § 2.337Ibid.338Alumni sive convictores.339Externi.340Reg. Rect., n. 12.341Reg. Prov., n. 21, § 4.342Excitetur ingenium; excolatur ingenium.343De Mathematicis; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 141.344Crétineau-Joly, Histoire de la Compagnie, tom. iv, ch. 3, p. 202.345Compare the ordinance for the upper German Province, 1763, n. 7; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 441.346Rt. St. 1832, Pro Physica, nn. 34-5.347Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 245.348Rt. St., Reg. Prov., n. 39.349Reg. Præf. Stud., n. 27.350Chapter vi, above, p. 96.351By M. D'Alembert, M. L'Abbé de Condillac, and others.352L'Abbé Proyart, De L'Éducation Publique.353Id., ibid.354Histoire d'un Collège Municipal, etc., Bayonne; par J. M. Drevon, 1889; last chapter, Réforme et conclusion, pp. 443seq.355Ex omnibus aliquid: in toto nihil.356Epistola P. Roothaan, 1832, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 228seq.357For Thee these meadows smile, and, on the hill-top smoothed away, these beds bedeck themselves with flowers, and the youth from every clime unfolds, in virtue and in science, the hopes of Christian manhood.358The urns thou see'st around breathe the fragrance of their flowers to Christ. Pluck them not, with hand unhallowed, whosoe'er thou be.

1Christian Schools and Scholars, by A. T. Drane; 1881; last chapter.

2On the Furthering of Humane Studies; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 129.

3History of the Papacy, vol. i, book v, § 3; Jesuit Schools in Germany.

4Sur la destruction des Jésuites, par un auteur désintéressé, p. 19.

5Imago Primi Sæculi, lib. vi, Societas Flandro-Belgica, cap. iii, § 1, p. 772.

6Crétineau-Joly, Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus, tom. iv, ch. 3, p. 210; 3meedit. 1851.

7Histoire de l'Université de Paris, par Charles Jourdain, liv. i, ch. 1; quoted with other testimonies, in the learned work, Un Collège de Jésuites aux xvii and xviii siècles, Le Collège Henri iv de la Flèche, par le P. Camille de Rochemonteix, 1889; tom. i, ch. 1, p. 3.

8Exercitia Spiritualia.

9Ranke, History of the Papacy, vol. i, book ii, § 7.

10Genelli, Life of St. Ignatius Loyola, p. 351.

11Imago Primi Sæculi, lib. iv, cap. ix, pp. 521-2; De Calumniis.

12Jouvancy, Epitome Hist. S. J., p. 168, ad annum 1551.

13Advancement of Learning, book i; Philadelphia edit. 1841, vol. i, p. 167.

14Month of July, tom. vii; auct. J. P., § xviii, pp. 443-4.

15Genelli, Life of St. Ignatius Loyola, part i, ch. 8.

16Bollandists, as above, nn. 313-4; ibid., Suarez, Nigronius, and others.

17Genelli, Life of St. Ignatius Loyola, part ii, ch. 13.

18Bulla canoniz. S. Ign. de Loyola, § 22.

19Bollandists, nn. 313-4; 317.

20Bollandists, July, tom. vii, auct. J. P., §§ xxvii, xxviii.

21Nigronius; Bollandists, n. 317.

22Apocalypse, ch. xviii, 13.

23Advancement of Learning, book i, p. 176; Phila. edit.

24Père Charles Daniel S. J., Des Études Classiques dans la Société Chrétienne, ch. 8, La Concile de Trente; 1853.

25Bollandists, auct. J. P., nn. 293-7.

26Bollandists, n. 292.

27Gagliardi.

28Hist. S. J., 2da pars, Lainius; ad annum 1564, n. 220, p. 340.

29Chiefly from P. Enrico Vasco, S. J., Il Ratio Studiorum Addattato ecc, vol. i, cap. vii, n. 33, a private memoir, 1851.

30Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, ii, p. 71; Ratio Studiorum, etc., by G. M. Pachtler, S. J.; Berlin, 1887.

31Ibid. Pachtler, p. 334seq.

32Ibid. Pachtler, p. 337seq.

33Genelli, part ii, ch. 8.

34Jouvancy, Epitome Hist. S. J., Anno Christi, 1547.

35Vasco, vol. i, cap. vii, n. 33 seq.

36Orlandini, Bollandists, n. 843.

37Bollandists, n. 839.

38Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 72.

39Constitutiones S. J., pars iv, declarationes in proœmium.

40Sacchini, pars iii, lib. i, nn. 36-42.

41Sacchini, pars iii, Borgia; lib. i, nn. 36 seq.

42Sacchini, pars v, Claudius Aquaviva, tom. prior; lib. iv, n. 81.

43Recherches sur la Compagnie de Jésus en France au temps du Père Coton, par le P. Prat, tom. ii, p. 296.

44Constitutiones S. J., pars iv, cap. vii, n. 3.

45Bibliothèque des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus, Preface, 1869.

46Crétineau-Joly; Histoire Religieuse, Politique et Littéraire de la Compagnie de Jésus, tom. ii, ch. iv, p. 176; troisième édit. 1851.

47De Institutione Juventutis; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 61.

48Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii; Pachtler, p. xx.

49They are catalogued by Rochemonteix, Collège Henri IV, tom. ii, ch. i, p. 57, note.

50Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix; Pachtler, p. 192, n. 3.

51Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, pp. 110-2.

52Arch. Rheni Sup., quoted by Pachtler; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 110; see also the letter of the General John Paul Oliva, ibid. p. 106.

53Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii; Pachtler, p. xx.

54Vol. ix, pp. 322-389.

55Maynard; The Studies and Teaching of the Society of Jesus, at the Time of its Suppression, 1750–1773; Baltimore edit. 1885, ch. 2; The Jesuits in Germany, pp. 112-3.

561777, 18 novembre, Œuvres de Voltaire, vol. xcv, p. 207; edit. 1832.

57Lettre à Voltaire, 7 juillet, 1770; Œuvres de Voltaire, tom. xii, p. 495; edit. 1817.

58Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, pp. 358-9.

59Le Collège Henri IV, tom. ii, ch. 1, p. 20.

60Fernand Butel, Docteur en Droit, etc.; L'Éducation des Jésuites autrefois et aujourd'hui, Un Collège Breton, ch. 1, p. 51; p. 19; p. 28; Paris, Firmin-Didot, 1890.

61Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 65.

62Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 7, n. 1.

63Formulæ acceptandorum Collegiorum, etc., summarium; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 338.

64Ibid.

65Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 76, 5. Their curriculum was enlarged in 1829; ibid., p. 110, 6.

66Ratio Studiorum 1599; Reg. Prov. 21, § 4. Pachtler, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 258.

67Constitutiones, ibid.

68Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 12.

69Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 5, n. 1.

70Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 9, n. 3.

71Ibid., c. 5, n. 1, C.

72Ch. xi. below.

73Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 6, n. 2.

74Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 311.

75Ibid., p. 310, note.

76Ribadeneira, Bollandists, July, tom. vii, nn. 335seq.

77Le Collège Henri IV., tom. iii, pp. 5-7.

78Compare the ordinance of Father Oliver Manare, 1583, n. 114; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii. p. 269.

79Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 13, n. 4.

80Bollandists, ibid., 376-7.

81Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 169.

82L'Éducation des Jésuites autrefois, etc., par Dr. F. Butel, ch. 1, pp. 22-8. This author sketches agreeably the means touched upon in the text, and his references are useful.

83Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 261. Addita quædam Exercitiis Litterariis Humanistarum, 1580; prior to the completed Ratio Studiorum.

84Ibid., p. 262.

85Lettre xc.

86Compare Chateaubriand's Genius of Christianity, part iv, book vi, Recapitulation; translation by Dr. Chas. I. White; Baltimore, 1884, p. 637seq.

87Paris, Victor Palmé, 1880.

88Works; Philadelphia edit. 1859, vol. i, p. 244.

89Bibliotheca Selecta in qua agitur de Ratione Studiorum, in Historia, in Disciplinis, in Salute Omnium procuranda. De Backer in his Bibliothèque des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus gives the list of republications, either in whole or in part. Sommervogel's new work, royal quarto, Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus, 1890, has reached thus far only to the letter B; hence Possevino is not yet entered.

90Ibid., p. 187.

91Ibid., p. 136.

92Ch. 10, of book 1, Ratio Collegiorum et Scholarum, etc., end of chapter; Roman edit.

93Histoire d'un Collège Municipal aux XVIe, XVIIe, et XVIIIesiècles ... à Bayonne avant 1789. Thèse presentée à la Faculté des Lettres de Toulouse, par J. M. Drevon, censeur des Études au Lycée d'Agen, 1890. About 500 pages.

94Pp. 160-234.

95P. 429.

96Dante, Parad. viii.

97De La Haute Éducation Intellectuelle, liv. iv, ch 4. Compare Vasco, vol. i, n. 24.

98Essais sur l'Instruction Publique, par Charles Lenormant, membre de l'Institut; quoted by Rochemonteix, Le Collège Henri IV, tom. ii, ch. 1, p. 49, in his very instructive discussion on the Jesuitinternat, orpensionnat.

99Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 78.

100Const., part iv, ch. 3, decl. B.

101Turpissimis signis.

102Bibliotheca Selecta, lib. i, ch. 44; Quasnam tetenderit insidias humani generis hostis, etc.

103Ribadeneira, Bollandists, nn. 373seq.

104Bibliotheca Selecta, lib. i, ch. 40.

105Ratio Studiorum of 1599 and 1832, Reg. Prov. 37. The higher courses are allowed a midsummer vacation of between one and two months; in the lower or literary course, Rhetoric is allowed one month, the others classes less. Besides certain feast-days during the year, every week must have one day free, which, in the higher courses, is the whole day, but, in the lower, is only the latter part of it.

1061602; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 467.

107Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 411.

108Bollandists, n. 374.

109Lettre 7 février, 1746; Œuvres, tom. viii, p. 1128; edit. 1817.

110Crétineau-Joly, Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus, tom. iv, ch. 3, p. 209; edit. 1851. This chapter and the following one, ch. 4, in Crétineau-Joly, pp. 158-297, contain the most varied information on our subject, regarding professors, writers, scholars, etc.

111Epistola de Institutione Juventutis, et Studiis Litterarum Promovendis, 1639; Mon. Germ. Pæd., vol. ix, Pachtler, p. 62.

112Paradise Lost, book iv.

113Notice sur le Pensionnat, etc. à Fribourg en Suisse, 1839, pp. 56seq.

1141585; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 411.

115Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, Pachtler, p. 59.

116Manare, Commentarius.

117Crétineau-Joly, tom. i, ch. 3, p. 150.

118Compare Cretineau-Joly, tom. i, ch. 6; tom. iv, chs. 3, 4.

119The more heavily the strain of war bore upon Germany, the more assiduously were the succors sent in; no part of the field was more under Loyola's eye.

120History of the Papacy, vol. i, book v, § 3; The First Jesuit Schools in Germany; Foster's translation, p. 417.

121Compare Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, Pachtler, Nr. 72; Nr. 91; Nr. 92, etc.

122This very instructive correspondence may be seen sketched in Genelli's Life of St. Ignatius of Loyola, part ii, ch. 8, pp. 342seq.1889.

123Ch. 6, above, p. 84.

124Const., pars iv, c. 7, decl. E.

125Compare Mon. Germ. Pæd., vol. ii, Pachtler, Nr. 38, the theological faculty of the University of Würzburg, p. 303, n. 7; Mon. Germ. Pæd., vol. ix, Pachtler, Nr. 67, p. 162, and Nr. 68, p. 178, the theological and philosophical faculties of the University of Trier, etc.

126Compare Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, p. 38, note about Perugia.

127Ibid., p. 51, note about Valencia.

128Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 369, Letter to Father Kessel.

129Compare Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, Papstliche Privilegien, pp. 1-8.

130Bollandists, J. P., n. 612.

131The pedagogic legislation, from this date onwards, is to be found in Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, Pachtler, pp. 70-125.

132Pachtler, ibid., p 75.

133Pachtler, ibid., pp. 126-132.

134European Civilization, ch. 46.

135National Education, part ii, vol. ii, p. 659; p. 74; New York, 1872.

136Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, Pachtler, p. 57.

137Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres, Lecture 26.

138Lecture 35.

139Eulogy pronounced by the Cardinal Maury on his predecessor in the Institute of France, the Jesuit De Radonvilliers, 1807.—Orateurs Sacrés, Migne, tom. lxvii, column 1161.

140A classification of eminent students may be found in Crétineau-Joly, tom. iv, ch. 3, p. 207.

141Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus, nouvelle édition, par Carlos Sommervogel S. J., Strasbourgeois, tom. i, from Abad to Boujart; large quarto edition, 1890.

142Doctrina Christiana, etc.; Traductions; Sommervogel,sub voce,Bellarmine, columns 1187–1204.

143In the matter of general philology alone compare the monograph, Die Sprachkunde und die Missionen, von Joseph Dahlmann S. J., 15 January, 1891, fiftieth supplement to the Stimmen aus Maria-Laach, 121 pages.

144Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Pachtler, p. 29.

145Ibid., vol. v, p. 9seq.

146Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 12seq.

147Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 26seq.

148Disputatio acris oriebatur.

149Ibid., Nr. 8, p. 65.

150Vol. v, pp. 67-217.

151Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 15seq.

152As an instance of the minute criticism brought to bear upon it in Germany, consult Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 218seq.Similar animadversions are to be understood as coming from other quarters.

153Supercheries littéraires dévoilées iii, 446, f; Sommervogel, Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes et Pseudonymes, etc., S. J.,sub voce,Ratio.

154Quoted by Ch. Daniel, S. J., Les Jésuites Instituteurs de la Jeunesse, etc., last ch. p. 297.

155Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Nr. 11, p. 227.

156Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 252, Ratio Studiorum of 1599, Reg. Prov. 19, § 11.

157Compare Lord Bacon, The Advancement of Learning, book ii, p. 186, 1st column; Philadelphia edit. 1846.

158Chapter vi, above, p. 83.

159Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 129, Ratio Studiorum of 1586, c. Stud. Philos.

160Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 491, n. 32.

161Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 154, n. 6, Humanitatis Doctores quos et quales, etc.

162Vitelleschi, 1639, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 60, n. 4.

163Ratio Stud., Reg. Prov. 19; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 242.

164Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, pp. 84, 93.

165Ibid., vol. ii, p. 101.

166Rt. St. 1599, Reg. Prof, Rhet. 6; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 404.

167Sommervogel fills twenty-four columns with a partial enumeration of the editions of Alvarez; Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus, 1890,sub voce,Alvarez.

168Compare Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 269, n. 114; Manare's Ordinance for Germany.

169Rationarium Temporum, Paris, 1632.

170Daniel, Les Jésuites Instituteurs, etc., ch. 10, p. 216.

171Geographiæ et Hydrographiæ Reformatæ Libri xii, Bologna, 1661, in folio.

172See the pleasant sketch in Daniel's Les Jésuites Instituteurs, etc., chs. 2-5; also Maynard's The Jesuits, their Studies and Teaching, ch. 4, Scientific Condition of the Jesuits, etc.

173Rome, 1583, 8vo, pp. 219.

174Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 141, De Mathematicis.

175Reg. Prov. n. 20.

176First edition in 1697.

177De l'Église Gallicane, liv. i, ch. 8, p. 46; edit. 1821.

178The medal is in the Coleman Museum of the Georgetown University, where De Vico, with Sestini, was astronomer for some time.

179For an historical sketch of Bavarian Jesuits, under the aspect of scientific eminence, see Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, pp. 445-6, where Father Pachtler gives the Prospectus of a new scientific and literary review, to be issued in Bavaria, 1772. The Suppression forestalled it.

180Histoire des Mathematiques, t. iv, p. 347; quoted by Crétineau-Joly, t. iv, c. 4, p. 283, who contains a large amount of literature upon this subject. According to late researches, made by MM. C. André and G. Rayet, astronomers of the observatory of Paris, the number of observatories established in the whole world, towards the close of the last century, was 130. Of this number, 32 were founded by Jesuits, or were under their direction.—Victor Van Tricht, La Bibliothèque des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus, etc., appendice 1er, p. 221; 1876.

181Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 13, n. 4.

182Bollandists, J. P., n. 871.

183Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 151seq.

184Ratio St., Reg. Prov. 28; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 260.

185Ibid., vol. ix, p. 59.

186Ibid., vol. v, Rt. St. 1586, Humanitatis Magistri, n. 5, p. 153.

187Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 415.

188Ibid., vol. v, n.. 3, p. 152.

189Ibid., vol. v, n. 4, p. 152.

190Ibid., vol. v, p. 260; Reg. Prov. 24, 25.

191Ibid., vol. ix, p. 60; letter of the year 1639.

192Ibid., vol. v, p. 154.

193Ibid, vol. ix, p. 130, n. 2.

194Ibid., n. 6.

195Ibid., vol. v, p. 352.

196Ibid., vol. v, p. 149.

197Ibid., p. 153.

198Rt. St., Reg. Rect. 3; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 268.

199Ibid., n. 18, p. 272.

200Reg. Prov. 33; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, p. 262.

201Ibid., vol. ix, p. 131.

202Jouvancy, Ratio Discendi; c. Ordo Studendi.

203Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 144.

204Ibid.

205Ibid., vol. ii, p. 126; Reg. Prov. n. 50.

206Rt. St. 1586; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 150.

207Formula Acceptandorum Collegiorum, b; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 339.

208Hist. S. J., Sacchini, pars ii, Lainius, lib. viii, n. 219, ad annum 1564.

209Rt. St. 1586, ibid.

210Rt. St. 1599, Reg. Prov. 27; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 260.

211Chapter xi, above, p. 155.

212Statuten der philos. Fak. Ingolstadt, 1649; De Auditoribus; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 284.

213Qui non in Academia, sed privatim in aliquo Auditorio aut Monasterio audierunt philosophiam.

214Nisi probent se omnes materias publice audivisse in aliqua Academia probata: Würzburger Promotionsgebrauche, 1662; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 387.

215Rhetius S. J. für Reform der theol. Fak. zu Köln, November, 1570; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 217.

216Rt. St., Reg. Prov. 28; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 260.

217Ibid., vol. v, p. 133, n. 10, Studium Philos.

218Biblioth. Selecta; de Cultura Ingeniorum, cap. 27.

219Prævidere.

220Prælegere.

221Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 450, n. 4.

222Ibid., p. 460, n. 9.

223Rt. St. 1586, Studium Philos. n. 12; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 134. Compare also the German Province, where, in 1586, four hours are reduced to three, ibid., vol. ii, p. 283.

224Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 154.

225Ibid., vol. v, p. 108, De Privato Studio Scholasticorum; ibid. p. 133, n. 11, Studium Philos.

226Ut concionabundi.

227Rt. St., Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 11; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 290.

228Rt. St. 1599, Reg. Prof. Phil. n. 16; 1832, n. 9, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, pp. 340, 332.

229Rt. St. 1586, Repetitiones, n. 3; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 99.

230Chapter vii, above, The Moral Scope, p. 101.

231Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 268; Reg. Rect. n. 6.

232Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, p. 456; Institutio pro biennio, n. 14.

233Præclara aliqua materia.

234Ibid., p. 454.

235Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 9; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, p. 288.

236Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 6, H.

237Rt. St. 1586, Repetitiones, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 99.

238Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 14, B.

239Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 245.

240Ibid., vol. v, p. 68.

241Consult the five volumes of Nomenclator Litterarius Recentioris Theologiæ Catholicæ, by H. Hurter, S. J., 1871–1886.

242Rt. St., Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 12; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 290; compare also Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, Ordnung Einer Selbst. Univ. der Ges. J. 1658, pars ii, c. 4, p. 355; De Repetitonibus et Disputationibus Scholasticorum S. J.

243Ibid., n. 14.

244Ibid., n. 20.

245Ibid., n. 13.

246Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 95; Congr. gen. 11.

247Reg. Prof. S. Script., n. 19, 20; also Statuten der philos. Fak. Ingolstadt, 1649, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 291.

248Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, pp. 359-381.

249Rt. St. 1586, Disputationes; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 103.

250Ibid.

251Ibid., vol. v, Commentariolus, p. 45seq.

252Nihil perfecte scitur, nisi dente disputationis feriatur; see the Life and Labors of St. Thomas of Aquin, by Bede Vaughan, 1871, vol. i, ch. 16, p. 388. The two chapters on Paris, in this learned work, are replete with information pertinent to our subject.

253Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 71, n. 5; De Scripturis.

254Reg. Prov., n. 5; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 234.

255Commentariolus, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 53.

256Cum non raro, quæ splendescere videntur in cubiculo, sordeant in Scholasticis concertationibus.

257Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Disputationes, n. 8, p. 102.

258Ibid.

259Ibid., p. 147, Separandane sint Seminaria, etc.

260Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 16; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 292.

261Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 292; Rt. St. 1599, Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 18; Rt. St. 1586, Disputationes, ibid., p. 106.

262Ibid., p. 102, n. 7, p. 276, n. 6.

263Rt. St., Reg. Prof. Stud., nn. 12, 21; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, pp. 278, 282.

264Ibid., Reg. Prov., n. 19, p. 244.

265Chapter xi, above, p. 157.

266De Ratione et Modo Prælegendi; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 82.

267Ad literam legibilem.

268Ad prælegendum egregie.

269Rt. St. 1586, De Ratione ac Modo Prælegendi; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, pp. 81-5.

270Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., nn. 9, 10, p. 288.

271Why, if the paper drops, the wisdom too must be off!

272Possevinus, Biblioth. Selecta, lib. i, de cultura ingeniorum, cc. 25-6, edit. Venet. 1603, pp. 21-2. He refers to the publication of the Conimbricenses, a consolidated work of the faculty of Coimbra, just as the "Wirceburgenses," later on, and at present, under Father Cornely, the writers of the Cursus Scripturæ Sacræ are publishing their works as a corporate whole.

273Rt. St. 1599, Reg. Prov., n. 4; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 234.

274Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 13, n. 3; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 55.

275Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., n. 20; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 292.

276Constitutiones, ibid., C.

277Ibid.

278Vitelleschi, 1639; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 59.

279Chapter xi, above, p. 162.

280Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Commentariolus, p. 43.

281Ibid.

282Ibid., p. 41.

283Ordinatio pro Stud. Sup., 1651; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 88.

284Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Utrum Quinquennium, etc., p. 76.

285Ibid.

286Modus Prælegendi, n. 10; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 84.

287Rt. St. 1599, Reg. comm. Prof. sup. fac., nn. 7, 8; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 288.

288Rt. St., Reg. Prof. Rhet., n. 8; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 406.

289Ibid., n. 1.

290Ibid., nn. 6, 7.

291Reg. Prof. Hum., n. 5; ibid., p. 420.

292Rt. St. 1856, Classis Hum.; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 195.

293Ibid., Class. Rhet., n. 6, p. 198.

294Ibid., Exercitationes lat. et græc., n. 2; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 166.

295Maxime rudi Minerva.

296Rt. St., Reg. Præf. stud. inf., n. 8, § 4; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 354.

297Ibid., Reg. comm. Prof. cl. inf., n. 24; ibid., p. 388.

298Exercitationes lat. et græc., Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 167.

299Rt. St., Special rules of the respective classes, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, pp. 398-448. Rules of the Academies, ibid., pp. 460-480.

300Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 166, Schulregeln um 1560-61.

301Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 145.

302Jouvancy, Ratio Docendi; c. De interpretatione vernacula, etc.

303Modus explicandæ prælectionis.

304Eruditio ex omni doctrina, Reg. Prof. Rhet., n. 1, ex omni eruditione, ibid., n. 8.

305Lettre 7 février, 1746, Œuvres, t. viii, p. 1127; edit. 1817.

306De Backer, Bibliothèque des Écrivains de la Compagnie,sub voce,Cerda.

307Sommervogel, Bibliothèque de la Compagnie,sub voce,Abram.

308Sommervogel, ibid.

309De Backer,sub voce,Rapin.

310Rt. St. 1586, c. 8, De Libris; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 178.

311Reg. Præf. Stud., n. 29; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, p. 284.

312Ibid., p. 179.

313Ch. xi, above, p. 164seq.

314Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 180.

315Rt. St. 1586, Class. Rhet., pp. 197-8.

316Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles-Lettres; lecture XII, at the end.

317Ibid., lecture XIX, On Forming Style, at the end.

318Rt. St. 1586; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, pp. 160-4.

319Reg. Præf. stud. inf., n. 31; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 364.

320Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 491.

321Ratio Docendi, c. ii, De discipulorum eruditione, art. 3.

322Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, Exercit. lat. et græc., n. 8, p. 170.

323Sicut porcelli inter se commixti.

324Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 493.

325Reg. Externorum Auditorum Soc., Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 458.

326Rt. St., Reg. Præf. stud. inf., 11; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 358.

327Rt. St. 1586, Ratio promovendi, etc., Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 177.

328Reg. Præf. stud. inf., n. 8, § 12.

329Rt. St., Reg. Præf. stud. inf., n. 13; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 360.

330Constitutiones, pars iv, c. 15, n. 2; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 60.

331Ibid., n. 3.

332Rt. St. 1586, De Gradibus, etc., Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 110.

333Vol. ix, pp. 359-387.

334Rt. St., Reg. Prov., 17, § 2.

335Rt. St. 1832, Reg. Præf. stud. inf., n. 8, § 11.

336Ibid., nn. 12, § 2; 28, § 2.

337Ibid.

338Alumni sive convictores.

339Externi.

340Reg. Rect., n. 12.

341Reg. Prov., n. 21, § 4.

342Excitetur ingenium; excolatur ingenium.

343De Mathematicis; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 141.

344Crétineau-Joly, Histoire de la Compagnie, tom. iv, ch. 3, p. 202.

345Compare the ordinance for the upper German Province, 1763, n. 7; Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ix, p. 441.

346Rt. St. 1832, Pro Physica, nn. 34-5.

347Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. ii, p. 245.

348Rt. St., Reg. Prov., n. 39.

349Reg. Præf. Stud., n. 27.

350Chapter vi, above, p. 96.

351By M. D'Alembert, M. L'Abbé de Condillac, and others.

352L'Abbé Proyart, De L'Éducation Publique.

353Id., ibid.

354Histoire d'un Collège Municipal, etc., Bayonne; par J. M. Drevon, 1889; last chapter, Réforme et conclusion, pp. 443seq.

355Ex omnibus aliquid: in toto nihil.

356Epistola P. Roothaan, 1832, Monumenta Germaniæ Pædagogica, vol. v, p. 228seq.

357For Thee these meadows smile, and, on the hill-top smoothed away, these beds bedeck themselves with flowers, and the youth from every clime unfolds, in virtue and in science, the hopes of Christian manhood.

358The urns thou see'st around breathe the fragrance of their flowers to Christ. Pluck them not, with hand unhallowed, whosoe'er thou be.

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