[714]Jan. 8, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 773.[715]Feb. 7, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 787.[716]Feb. 10, 1546,ib., p. 790.[717]April 13, 1542,ib., p. 464.[718]To the Elector and the Duke, April 7, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. 15 ff. “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 304 ff.[719]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 567.[720]April 9, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. liii. “Briefe,”ib., p. 311.[721]Leipzig, 1874, p. 28 f.[722]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 568.[723]According to Luther’s report to Brück, April 12, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. liv., “Briefe,” p. 314.[724]Ib.[725]Burkhardt, “Gesch. der sächs. Kirchen- u. Schulvisitationen, 1524-1545,” 1879, p. 209 f. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 192.[726]G. A. Arndt, “Archiv der sächs. Gesch.,” 2, Leipzig, 1784-1786, p. 333 ff. C. G. Gersdorf, “Urkundenbuch von Meissen,” 3, Leipzig, 1867, p. 375 f. Janssen,ib., p. 193.[727]April 29, 1544, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. 91; “Briefe,” 5, p. 646.[728]In Luther’s household memoranda, “Briefe,” 6, p. 326.[729]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 213 (“Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 34).[730]July 7, 1544, “Werke,”ib., p. 104 f.[731]Cp. Luther’s attitude at the time when the question of armed resistance to the Emperor was mooted, vol. iii., 56 ff., and his views on the relations of Church and State.[732]To Amsdorf, Nov. 25, 1538, “Briefe,” 5, p. 136 (“Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 38): “Vides, quantis premor oneribus.... Miserrimis miserior, ut qui amplius nihil possum præ defectu virium.”[733]To the Christians at Strasburg, Dec. 15, 1524, “Werke,” Weim. ed., 15, p. 395; Erl. ed., 53, p. 275 (“Briefwechsel,” 5, p. 83).[734]See above, vol. ii., p. 370.[735]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, p. 67 f.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 141 f. “Against the heavenly Prophets.”[736]Ib., p. 68=143.[737]Ib., p. 73=148.[738]Ib., p. 74=149.[739]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 15², p. 334.[740]Ib., Weim. ed., 10, 3, p. 26; Erl. ed., 28, p. 225 f.[741]Ib., p. 29=228.[742]Ib., 16, p. 440=36, p. 49.[743]Ib., p. 440 f.=50.[744]Ib., p. 444=54. Sermon of 1525.[745]Cp. Weim. ed., 1, p. 425; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 12, p. 51sq.(1518, against the strictures of the Bohemians) and Weim. ed., 10, 2, p. 34; Erl. ed., 28, p. 310.[746]See above, vol. ii., p. 97 f.; vol. iii., p. 385.[747]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 10, 3, p. 31 f.; Erl. ed., 28, p. 229 f.[748]Ib., 16, p. 440=36, p. 49. Sermons on the Ten Commandments.[749]Ib., 28, p. 677 f.=36, p. 329 f. Exposition of Deuteronomy.[750]Ib., p. 716=368.[751]P. 553=206.[752]P. 715=367.[753]April 25, 1522, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 53, p. 133 (“Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 347).[754]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 74 f., 82 f.; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 149 f., 159.[755]Ib., 26, p. 509=30, p. 372.[756]Ib., 10, 3, p. 114=15², p. 334.[757]Ib., 18, p. 83=29, p. 159.[758]Ib., 63, p. 391 f.[759]Cp. above, p. 203.[760]See vol. ii., p. 351 f.[761]Th. Eitner, “Erfurt u. die Bauernaufstände im 16. Jahrh.,” Halle, 1903, pp. 59, 95.[762]Ib., p. 72.[763]Ib., pp. 74, 84.[764]Ib., p. 75.[765]Ib., pp. 78, 76.[766]See below, p. 230.[767]Chr. Falk, “Elbingisch-Preuss. Chronik,” ed. M. Töppen (“Publik. des Vereins f. die Gesch. der Provinzen Ost- und West-Preussen,” Leipzig, 1879), p. 157 f. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), v., p. 112 ff.[768]v. Baczko, “Gesch. Preussens,” 4, p. 173 ff. Janssen,ib.[769]Janssen,ib.[770]L. Redner’s “Skizzen aus der KG. Danzigs,” Danzig, 1875 (“Marienkirchen”).[771]Janssen,ib., p. 120.[772]Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 34 ff.[773]Ib., vol. vi., p. 205.[774]Whitsuntide Sermon, in Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 38. Cp. “Luthers Werke,” Erl. ed., 7², pp. 121, 131, 222 f., 330. Cp. Janssen,ib., p. 37, the passages from the sermons of the superintendent George Nigrinus.[775]Janssen,ib., v., p. 121.[776]Beckmann, “Historie des Fürstentums Anhalt,” 6, p. 43.[777]“Repertorium f. Kunstwissenschaft,” 20, p. 46. Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 36.[778]Oldecop, in 1548. Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 36.[779]“Hist.-pol. Bl.,” 9, p. 316 ff.; 10, p. 15 ff. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 209.[780]“Hist.-pol. Bl.,” 10, p. 17.[781]Ladurner, “Der Einfall der Schmalkaldener im Tirol, 1546,” (“Archiv f. Gesch. u. Altertumskunde Tirols,” 1), p. 415 ff. Janssen,ib., vi., 315 ff.[782]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 349.[783]J. Voigt, “Briefwechsel der Gelehrten des Zeitalters der Reformation mit Herzog Albrecht von Preussen,” 1841, p. 30.[784]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 434.[785]Aug. 19, 1548, C. W. Hase, “Mittelalterliche Baudenkmale Niedersachsens,” Hannover, 1858, Hft., 3, p. 100.[786]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 438 f.[787]Ib., vi., p. 454.[788]See A. v. Druffel, “Briefe und Akten zur Gesch. des 16. Jahrh.,” 2, 1873 ff., p. 668.[789]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 458.[790]F. A. Sinnacher, “Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Kirche Säben und Brixen,” 7, 1830, p. 441. D. Schönherr, “Der Einfall des Kurfürsten Moritz in Tyrol,” 1868, p. 101 ff. Janssen,ib., vi., p. 478.[791]See Schönherr,ib., p. 137 ff.[792]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 496.[793]Ib., vi., p. 459.[794]Melchior von Ossa in his diary, Jan. 1, 1553. F. A. Langenn, “D. Melchior von Ossa,” 1858, p. 161. Janssen,ib., p. 505.[795]Döllinger, “Reformation,” 2, p. 318.[796]“Mitteil. der Gesellschaft f. Erhaltung der geschtl. Denkmäler im Elsass,” 15, 1892, p. 248. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), xi., p. 46.[797]E. Weller, “Der Volksdichter Hans Sachs u. seine Dichtungen,” 1868, p. 118 ff.[798]Ib.[799]He frequently laments that the churches were too ill-provided for. Cp. Walch’s Index, s.v. “Kirche,” & “Gotteshäuser.”[800]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, p. 82 f.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 158.[801]See P. Lehfeldt, “Luthers Verhältnis zu Kunst und Künstlern,” Berlin, 1892, p. 84. Janssen,ib., xi., 39.—On the whole subject see Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vol. xi., ch. ii.[802]March 26, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 451.[803]Oct. 9, 1542,ib., p. 501.[804]Oct. 29, 1542,ib., p. 502.[805]Nov. 7, 1543,ib., p. 600.[806]Dec. 3, 1544,ib., p. 702.[807]March 13, 1542,ib., p. 444.[808]Oct. 5, 1542,ib., p. 501.[809]Dec. 16, 1543,ib., p. 611 f.[810]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 144.[811]Ib., p. 105.[812]Ib., p. 140.[813]Ib., p. 122.[814]Ib., p. 113.[815]Ib., p. 132.[816]Below, xxxii., 6.[817]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 114, in 1538.[818]Ib., p. 105.[819]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” ed. Kroker, p. 303.[820]According to Mathesius (“Historien,” p. 146) he once said even in the pulpit: “A full belly and ripe dung are easily parted.”[821]To Anton Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 598.[822]Ib.[823]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 156; “Aufzeichn.,” p. 117.[824]To Lauterbach,ib.[825]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 303.[826]“Hist.,” p. 145´ f. Ecebolius, under the Emperor Constantine, a type of the hypocrite.[827]To Hans Luther, Feb. 15, 1530, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 24, p. 130 (“Briefwechsel,” 7, p. 230).[828]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 127.[829]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 288.[830]Ib., p. 179.[831]Ib., p. 155.[832]Dec. 7, 1540, “Briefe,” 5, p. 322.[833]Ib.[834]To Justus Jonas, Jan. 26, 1543,ib., p. 534.[835]To Spalatin, Aug. 21, 1544,ib., p. 679 f.[836]To Amsdorf, April 14, 1545,ib., p. 728.[837]June 18, 1543,ib., p. 570.[838]To Justus Jonas, Feb. 25, 1542, ib., p. 439: “Carlstadii ista sunt monstra.”[839]Ib.: “Furiis furiosis aguntur, quia ira Dei pervenit super eos usque in finem. Quare ergo propter istos perditos nos conficere volumus? Mitte, vadere sicut vadit.”[840]To Dr. Ratzeberger, the Elector’s physician, Aug. 6, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 754.[841]April 14, 1545,ib., a letter not in the least intended as a joke.[842]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 185. Rebenstock in Bindseil, l.c.[843]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 584. Cp. p. 789: “ne tandem fiat quod ante diluvium factum esse scribit Moises,” etc.[844]Ib., p. 585.[845]Sep. 3, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 396.[846]On the psychology of his humour, see below, xxxi., 5.[847]To Justus Jonas, April 17, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 642. Cp. p. 629: “testes fidelissimi” report an alliance between the Pope, the Turks, French and Venetians against the Emperor. “Now give a cheer for the Pope.”[848]To Amsdorf, Jan. 9, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 713.[849]To Amsdorf, July 17, 1545,ib., p. 750 f.[850]Cp. Pastor, “Hist. of the Popes” (Engl. Trans.), vol. x.[851]June-July, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 379.[852]June, 22, 1541,ib., p. 372.[853]Vol. iii., pp. 217, 280 f.[854]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 155.[855]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 423. In 1537.[856]Above, vol. iii., p. 116.[857]“Colloq.,” l.c., p. 156. Cp. Rebenstock, in Bindseil, l.c.[858]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 125.[859]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 156.[860]To Melanchthon, April 20, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 346; “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 308.[861]To Melanchthon, March 24, 1541,ib., p. 336=279.[862]To Jakob Probst, Pastor at Bremen, Oct. 9, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 501.[863]On Feb. 23, 1545, see Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 269, n. 208, from MS.[864]Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 582. On Melanchthon, cp. above, vol. iii., p. 370.[865]To Chancellor Brück, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 708.[866]To Amsdorf, May 2, 1545,ib., p. 734.[867]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543,ib., p. 585: “an colaphus Satanæ?”[868]To Anton Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 599.[869]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 20², 2, p. 561 f., in his last sermon, Feb. 14, 1546, on Mt. xi 25 ff.[870]Ib., p. 562 ff.[871]Ib., p. 565.[872]Ib., p. 564.[873]Ib., p. 566 f.[874]Ib., p. 571.[875]To Ratzeberger, the Elector’s medical adviser, Aug. 6, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 754: “Credo nos esse tubam illam novissimam,” etc.[876]To Jonas at Halle, Jan. 23, 1542,ib., p. 429.[877]To Lauterbach, July 25, 1542,ib., p. 487.[878]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 385 f. (Dec., 1536).[879]To Wenceslaus Link, Jan. 14, 1521, “Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 72: “videns, rem tumultuosissimo tumultu tumultuantem; forte hæc est inundatio illa prædicta anno 24 futura.”[880]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 423, concluding: “Videte, tanta est potentia Sathanæ in deludendis sensibus externis; quid faciet in animabus?”[881]Cp. N. Paulus, “Hexenwahn und Hexenprozess vornehmlich im 16. Jahrh.,” 1910, particularly pp. 20 f., 48 ff.[882]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 227.[883]Ib., p. 129.[884]Ib., p. 422, from Lauterbach and Weller’s Notes in the summer, 1537.[885]To Amsdorf, June 3, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 741. Amsdorf had sent an inquiry “de monstro illo vulpium.”[886]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 10², p. 69 f. Kirchenpostille.[887]Ib.[888]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 612: “congruunt omnia signa.”[889]In the “Chronology of the World,” “Werke,” Walch’s ed., 14, p. 1278, from the Latin MS. See above, vol. iii., p. 147 f.[890]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 22.[891]Ib., p. 33.[892]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 86.[893]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 208; “Historien,” p. 143. “Luthers Werke,” Erl. ed., 62, pp. 18, 25, “Tischreden.”[894]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1., p. 85.[895]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 206.[896]Ib., 62, p. 23.[897]Ib., p. 24 f.[898]See above, vol. iii., p. 141 ff., on the rise of his idea of the Pope as Antichrist.[899]Cp. the index to Walch’s edition, vol. xxiii.,s.v.“Antichrist” and “Widerchrist.”[900]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 8, p. 719; Erl. ed., 24², p. 203, “Bulla Cœnæ Domini” (1522), appendix.[901]Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 1, p. 646. On the Monk-Calf, see vol. iii., p. 149 f.[902]On this Reply see vol. iii., p. 142.[903]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 72.[904]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 612.[905]To Link, Sep. 8, 1541,ib., p. 398.[906]To Jonas, March 13, 1542,ib., p. 445.[907]To Jonas, Feb. 25, 1542,ib., p. 439.[908]To Jonas, May 3, 1541, “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 328: “Ego et ægrotus et pæne morosus sum, tædio rerum et morborum. Utinam me Deus evocet misericorditer ad sese. Satis malorum feci, vidi, passus sum.”[909]To Lauterbach, April 2, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 551: “ubique grassatur licentia et petulantia vulgi.” Cp. p. 552.[910]To the Evangelical Brethren at Venice, June 13, 1543,ib., p. 569.[911]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543,ib., p. 584.[912]To Jonas, June 18, 1543,ib., p. 570.[913]To Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543,ib., p. 599.[914]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543,ib., p. 610.[915]To Duke George of Anhalt, July 10, 1545,ib., 6, p. 370.[916]Ib.[917]Vol. ii., p. 522.[918]To Lauterbach, Feb. 9, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 629.[919]To Amsdorf, June 23, 1544,ib., p. 670.[920]To Probst, Dec. 5, 1544,ib., p. 703.[921]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch” (1538), p. 34.[922]P. 172 f.[923]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” (1531 and 1532), p. 17.[924]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, pp. 85, 86.[925]Ib., p. 86.[926]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 41, p. 233.[927]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” ed. Kroker, p. 282. Cp. Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” ed. Lœsche, p. 393.[928]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 287.[929]Above, p. 229.[930]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 131.[931]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 289.[932]Ib., p. 288.[933]Ib., p. 179.[934]Ib., p. 108.[935]Ib., p. 209.[936]Ib., p. 111.[937]To Amsdorf, Nov. 7, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 600.[938]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 87.[939]Ib., p. 89.[940]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 172 f.[941]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 41, p. 233.[942]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 130.[943]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 86.[944]Ib., p. 87.[945]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 95 f.[946]Schlaginhaufen,ib., p. 30.[947]See above, p. 226.[948]Above, vol. iii., p. 362 ff.[949]April 28, 1548, “Corp. ref.,” 6, p. 879sqq.[950]G. Kawerau, “Luthers Stellung zu den Zeitgenossen Erasmus, Zwingli und Melanchthon” (Reprint from “Deutsch-evang. Bl.,” 1906, 1-3), p. 30.[951]F. Loofs, “DG.,” 4, 1906, p. 866, n. 3.[952]G. Ellinger, “Melanchthon,” 1902, p. 535 f.[953]Nov. 12, 1538, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 606.[954]To Gelous, May 20, 1559,ib., 9, p. 822: “Pendeo velut ad Caucasum adfixus, etsi verius sum ἐπινηθεύς quam προμηθεύς et laceror, non ut ille vulturibus tantum, sed etiam a cuculis.”[955]C. Sell, “Philipp Melanchthon und die deutsche Reformation bis 1531” (“Schriften des Vereins f. RG.,” 14, 3, 1897), p. 117.[956]Nov. 13, 1536, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 187.[957]Dec. 7, 1537,ib., p. 460.[958]Feb. 13, 1538,ib., p. 488.[959]June 24, 1545,ib., 5, p. 776: “tam atrocia certamina inter collegas.”[960]Dec. 25, 1544, to Camerarius, “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 554.[961]“Die Reformation,” 1, p. 376.[962]Oct. 11, 1538, to Caspar Borner, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 596.[963]April 30, 1550,ib., 7, p. 580.[964]Cp. Döllinger,ib., 1, p. 379 f.[965]From a New-Year’s letter (Jan. 1, 1540) to Veit Dietrich, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 895.[966]Sept. 9, 1541, to Veit Dietrich,ib., 4, p. 654, where he continues: “Tegere hæc soleo, sed, mihi crede, manent cicatrices.”[967]About July 16, 1537, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 390sq.Before this he had said in humanistic style: “Video novum quoddam genus sophistarum nasci; velut ex gigantum sanguine alii gigantes nati sunt.... Metuo maiores ecclesiæ motus. Hie cum hydra decerto. Uno represso alii multi exoriuntur.”[968]“Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 503sqq.Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 451.
[714]Jan. 8, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 773.[715]Feb. 7, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 787.[716]Feb. 10, 1546,ib., p. 790.[717]April 13, 1542,ib., p. 464.[718]To the Elector and the Duke, April 7, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. 15 ff. “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 304 ff.[719]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 567.[720]April 9, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. liii. “Briefe,”ib., p. 311.[721]Leipzig, 1874, p. 28 f.[722]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 568.[723]According to Luther’s report to Brück, April 12, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. liv., “Briefe,” p. 314.[724]Ib.[725]Burkhardt, “Gesch. der sächs. Kirchen- u. Schulvisitationen, 1524-1545,” 1879, p. 209 f. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 192.[726]G. A. Arndt, “Archiv der sächs. Gesch.,” 2, Leipzig, 1784-1786, p. 333 ff. C. G. Gersdorf, “Urkundenbuch von Meissen,” 3, Leipzig, 1867, p. 375 f. Janssen,ib., p. 193.[727]April 29, 1544, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. 91; “Briefe,” 5, p. 646.[728]In Luther’s household memoranda, “Briefe,” 6, p. 326.[729]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 213 (“Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 34).[730]July 7, 1544, “Werke,”ib., p. 104 f.[731]Cp. Luther’s attitude at the time when the question of armed resistance to the Emperor was mooted, vol. iii., 56 ff., and his views on the relations of Church and State.[732]To Amsdorf, Nov. 25, 1538, “Briefe,” 5, p. 136 (“Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 38): “Vides, quantis premor oneribus.... Miserrimis miserior, ut qui amplius nihil possum præ defectu virium.”[733]To the Christians at Strasburg, Dec. 15, 1524, “Werke,” Weim. ed., 15, p. 395; Erl. ed., 53, p. 275 (“Briefwechsel,” 5, p. 83).[734]See above, vol. ii., p. 370.[735]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, p. 67 f.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 141 f. “Against the heavenly Prophets.”[736]Ib., p. 68=143.[737]Ib., p. 73=148.[738]Ib., p. 74=149.[739]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 15², p. 334.[740]Ib., Weim. ed., 10, 3, p. 26; Erl. ed., 28, p. 225 f.[741]Ib., p. 29=228.[742]Ib., 16, p. 440=36, p. 49.[743]Ib., p. 440 f.=50.[744]Ib., p. 444=54. Sermon of 1525.[745]Cp. Weim. ed., 1, p. 425; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 12, p. 51sq.(1518, against the strictures of the Bohemians) and Weim. ed., 10, 2, p. 34; Erl. ed., 28, p. 310.[746]See above, vol. ii., p. 97 f.; vol. iii., p. 385.[747]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 10, 3, p. 31 f.; Erl. ed., 28, p. 229 f.[748]Ib., 16, p. 440=36, p. 49. Sermons on the Ten Commandments.[749]Ib., 28, p. 677 f.=36, p. 329 f. Exposition of Deuteronomy.[750]Ib., p. 716=368.[751]P. 553=206.[752]P. 715=367.[753]April 25, 1522, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 53, p. 133 (“Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 347).[754]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 74 f., 82 f.; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 149 f., 159.[755]Ib., 26, p. 509=30, p. 372.[756]Ib., 10, 3, p. 114=15², p. 334.[757]Ib., 18, p. 83=29, p. 159.[758]Ib., 63, p. 391 f.[759]Cp. above, p. 203.[760]See vol. ii., p. 351 f.[761]Th. Eitner, “Erfurt u. die Bauernaufstände im 16. Jahrh.,” Halle, 1903, pp. 59, 95.[762]Ib., p. 72.[763]Ib., pp. 74, 84.[764]Ib., p. 75.[765]Ib., pp. 78, 76.[766]See below, p. 230.[767]Chr. Falk, “Elbingisch-Preuss. Chronik,” ed. M. Töppen (“Publik. des Vereins f. die Gesch. der Provinzen Ost- und West-Preussen,” Leipzig, 1879), p. 157 f. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), v., p. 112 ff.[768]v. Baczko, “Gesch. Preussens,” 4, p. 173 ff. Janssen,ib.[769]Janssen,ib.[770]L. Redner’s “Skizzen aus der KG. Danzigs,” Danzig, 1875 (“Marienkirchen”).[771]Janssen,ib., p. 120.[772]Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 34 ff.[773]Ib., vol. vi., p. 205.[774]Whitsuntide Sermon, in Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 38. Cp. “Luthers Werke,” Erl. ed., 7², pp. 121, 131, 222 f., 330. Cp. Janssen,ib., p. 37, the passages from the sermons of the superintendent George Nigrinus.[775]Janssen,ib., v., p. 121.[776]Beckmann, “Historie des Fürstentums Anhalt,” 6, p. 43.[777]“Repertorium f. Kunstwissenschaft,” 20, p. 46. Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 36.[778]Oldecop, in 1548. Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 36.[779]“Hist.-pol. Bl.,” 9, p. 316 ff.; 10, p. 15 ff. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 209.[780]“Hist.-pol. Bl.,” 10, p. 17.[781]Ladurner, “Der Einfall der Schmalkaldener im Tirol, 1546,” (“Archiv f. Gesch. u. Altertumskunde Tirols,” 1), p. 415 ff. Janssen,ib., vi., 315 ff.[782]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 349.[783]J. Voigt, “Briefwechsel der Gelehrten des Zeitalters der Reformation mit Herzog Albrecht von Preussen,” 1841, p. 30.[784]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 434.[785]Aug. 19, 1548, C. W. Hase, “Mittelalterliche Baudenkmale Niedersachsens,” Hannover, 1858, Hft., 3, p. 100.[786]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 438 f.[787]Ib., vi., p. 454.[788]See A. v. Druffel, “Briefe und Akten zur Gesch. des 16. Jahrh.,” 2, 1873 ff., p. 668.[789]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 458.[790]F. A. Sinnacher, “Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Kirche Säben und Brixen,” 7, 1830, p. 441. D. Schönherr, “Der Einfall des Kurfürsten Moritz in Tyrol,” 1868, p. 101 ff. Janssen,ib., vi., p. 478.[791]See Schönherr,ib., p. 137 ff.[792]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 496.[793]Ib., vi., p. 459.[794]Melchior von Ossa in his diary, Jan. 1, 1553. F. A. Langenn, “D. Melchior von Ossa,” 1858, p. 161. Janssen,ib., p. 505.[795]Döllinger, “Reformation,” 2, p. 318.[796]“Mitteil. der Gesellschaft f. Erhaltung der geschtl. Denkmäler im Elsass,” 15, 1892, p. 248. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), xi., p. 46.[797]E. Weller, “Der Volksdichter Hans Sachs u. seine Dichtungen,” 1868, p. 118 ff.[798]Ib.[799]He frequently laments that the churches were too ill-provided for. Cp. Walch’s Index, s.v. “Kirche,” & “Gotteshäuser.”[800]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, p. 82 f.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 158.[801]See P. Lehfeldt, “Luthers Verhältnis zu Kunst und Künstlern,” Berlin, 1892, p. 84. Janssen,ib., xi., 39.—On the whole subject see Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vol. xi., ch. ii.[802]March 26, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 451.[803]Oct. 9, 1542,ib., p. 501.[804]Oct. 29, 1542,ib., p. 502.[805]Nov. 7, 1543,ib., p. 600.[806]Dec. 3, 1544,ib., p. 702.[807]March 13, 1542,ib., p. 444.[808]Oct. 5, 1542,ib., p. 501.[809]Dec. 16, 1543,ib., p. 611 f.[810]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 144.[811]Ib., p. 105.[812]Ib., p. 140.[813]Ib., p. 122.[814]Ib., p. 113.[815]Ib., p. 132.[816]Below, xxxii., 6.[817]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 114, in 1538.[818]Ib., p. 105.[819]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” ed. Kroker, p. 303.[820]According to Mathesius (“Historien,” p. 146) he once said even in the pulpit: “A full belly and ripe dung are easily parted.”[821]To Anton Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 598.[822]Ib.[823]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 156; “Aufzeichn.,” p. 117.[824]To Lauterbach,ib.[825]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 303.[826]“Hist.,” p. 145´ f. Ecebolius, under the Emperor Constantine, a type of the hypocrite.[827]To Hans Luther, Feb. 15, 1530, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 24, p. 130 (“Briefwechsel,” 7, p. 230).[828]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 127.[829]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 288.[830]Ib., p. 179.[831]Ib., p. 155.[832]Dec. 7, 1540, “Briefe,” 5, p. 322.[833]Ib.[834]To Justus Jonas, Jan. 26, 1543,ib., p. 534.[835]To Spalatin, Aug. 21, 1544,ib., p. 679 f.[836]To Amsdorf, April 14, 1545,ib., p. 728.[837]June 18, 1543,ib., p. 570.[838]To Justus Jonas, Feb. 25, 1542, ib., p. 439: “Carlstadii ista sunt monstra.”[839]Ib.: “Furiis furiosis aguntur, quia ira Dei pervenit super eos usque in finem. Quare ergo propter istos perditos nos conficere volumus? Mitte, vadere sicut vadit.”[840]To Dr. Ratzeberger, the Elector’s physician, Aug. 6, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 754.[841]April 14, 1545,ib., a letter not in the least intended as a joke.[842]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 185. Rebenstock in Bindseil, l.c.[843]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 584. Cp. p. 789: “ne tandem fiat quod ante diluvium factum esse scribit Moises,” etc.[844]Ib., p. 585.[845]Sep. 3, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 396.[846]On the psychology of his humour, see below, xxxi., 5.[847]To Justus Jonas, April 17, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 642. Cp. p. 629: “testes fidelissimi” report an alliance between the Pope, the Turks, French and Venetians against the Emperor. “Now give a cheer for the Pope.”[848]To Amsdorf, Jan. 9, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 713.[849]To Amsdorf, July 17, 1545,ib., p. 750 f.[850]Cp. Pastor, “Hist. of the Popes” (Engl. Trans.), vol. x.[851]June-July, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 379.[852]June, 22, 1541,ib., p. 372.[853]Vol. iii., pp. 217, 280 f.[854]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 155.[855]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 423. In 1537.[856]Above, vol. iii., p. 116.[857]“Colloq.,” l.c., p. 156. Cp. Rebenstock, in Bindseil, l.c.[858]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 125.[859]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 156.[860]To Melanchthon, April 20, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 346; “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 308.[861]To Melanchthon, March 24, 1541,ib., p. 336=279.[862]To Jakob Probst, Pastor at Bremen, Oct. 9, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 501.[863]On Feb. 23, 1545, see Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 269, n. 208, from MS.[864]Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 582. On Melanchthon, cp. above, vol. iii., p. 370.[865]To Chancellor Brück, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 708.[866]To Amsdorf, May 2, 1545,ib., p. 734.[867]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543,ib., p. 585: “an colaphus Satanæ?”[868]To Anton Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 599.[869]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 20², 2, p. 561 f., in his last sermon, Feb. 14, 1546, on Mt. xi 25 ff.[870]Ib., p. 562 ff.[871]Ib., p. 565.[872]Ib., p. 564.[873]Ib., p. 566 f.[874]Ib., p. 571.[875]To Ratzeberger, the Elector’s medical adviser, Aug. 6, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 754: “Credo nos esse tubam illam novissimam,” etc.[876]To Jonas at Halle, Jan. 23, 1542,ib., p. 429.[877]To Lauterbach, July 25, 1542,ib., p. 487.[878]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 385 f. (Dec., 1536).[879]To Wenceslaus Link, Jan. 14, 1521, “Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 72: “videns, rem tumultuosissimo tumultu tumultuantem; forte hæc est inundatio illa prædicta anno 24 futura.”[880]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 423, concluding: “Videte, tanta est potentia Sathanæ in deludendis sensibus externis; quid faciet in animabus?”[881]Cp. N. Paulus, “Hexenwahn und Hexenprozess vornehmlich im 16. Jahrh.,” 1910, particularly pp. 20 f., 48 ff.[882]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 227.[883]Ib., p. 129.[884]Ib., p. 422, from Lauterbach and Weller’s Notes in the summer, 1537.[885]To Amsdorf, June 3, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 741. Amsdorf had sent an inquiry “de monstro illo vulpium.”[886]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 10², p. 69 f. Kirchenpostille.[887]Ib.[888]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 612: “congruunt omnia signa.”[889]In the “Chronology of the World,” “Werke,” Walch’s ed., 14, p. 1278, from the Latin MS. See above, vol. iii., p. 147 f.[890]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 22.[891]Ib., p. 33.[892]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 86.[893]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 208; “Historien,” p. 143. “Luthers Werke,” Erl. ed., 62, pp. 18, 25, “Tischreden.”[894]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1., p. 85.[895]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 206.[896]Ib., 62, p. 23.[897]Ib., p. 24 f.[898]See above, vol. iii., p. 141 ff., on the rise of his idea of the Pope as Antichrist.[899]Cp. the index to Walch’s edition, vol. xxiii.,s.v.“Antichrist” and “Widerchrist.”[900]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 8, p. 719; Erl. ed., 24², p. 203, “Bulla Cœnæ Domini” (1522), appendix.[901]Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 1, p. 646. On the Monk-Calf, see vol. iii., p. 149 f.[902]On this Reply see vol. iii., p. 142.[903]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 72.[904]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 612.[905]To Link, Sep. 8, 1541,ib., p. 398.[906]To Jonas, March 13, 1542,ib., p. 445.[907]To Jonas, Feb. 25, 1542,ib., p. 439.[908]To Jonas, May 3, 1541, “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 328: “Ego et ægrotus et pæne morosus sum, tædio rerum et morborum. Utinam me Deus evocet misericorditer ad sese. Satis malorum feci, vidi, passus sum.”[909]To Lauterbach, April 2, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 551: “ubique grassatur licentia et petulantia vulgi.” Cp. p. 552.[910]To the Evangelical Brethren at Venice, June 13, 1543,ib., p. 569.[911]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543,ib., p. 584.[912]To Jonas, June 18, 1543,ib., p. 570.[913]To Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543,ib., p. 599.[914]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543,ib., p. 610.[915]To Duke George of Anhalt, July 10, 1545,ib., 6, p. 370.[916]Ib.[917]Vol. ii., p. 522.[918]To Lauterbach, Feb. 9, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 629.[919]To Amsdorf, June 23, 1544,ib., p. 670.[920]To Probst, Dec. 5, 1544,ib., p. 703.[921]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch” (1538), p. 34.[922]P. 172 f.[923]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” (1531 and 1532), p. 17.[924]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, pp. 85, 86.[925]Ib., p. 86.[926]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 41, p. 233.[927]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” ed. Kroker, p. 282. Cp. Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” ed. Lœsche, p. 393.[928]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 287.[929]Above, p. 229.[930]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 131.[931]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 289.[932]Ib., p. 288.[933]Ib., p. 179.[934]Ib., p. 108.[935]Ib., p. 209.[936]Ib., p. 111.[937]To Amsdorf, Nov. 7, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 600.[938]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 87.[939]Ib., p. 89.[940]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 172 f.[941]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 41, p. 233.[942]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 130.[943]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 86.[944]Ib., p. 87.[945]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 95 f.[946]Schlaginhaufen,ib., p. 30.[947]See above, p. 226.[948]Above, vol. iii., p. 362 ff.[949]April 28, 1548, “Corp. ref.,” 6, p. 879sqq.[950]G. Kawerau, “Luthers Stellung zu den Zeitgenossen Erasmus, Zwingli und Melanchthon” (Reprint from “Deutsch-evang. Bl.,” 1906, 1-3), p. 30.[951]F. Loofs, “DG.,” 4, 1906, p. 866, n. 3.[952]G. Ellinger, “Melanchthon,” 1902, p. 535 f.[953]Nov. 12, 1538, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 606.[954]To Gelous, May 20, 1559,ib., 9, p. 822: “Pendeo velut ad Caucasum adfixus, etsi verius sum ἐπινηθεύς quam προμηθεύς et laceror, non ut ille vulturibus tantum, sed etiam a cuculis.”[955]C. Sell, “Philipp Melanchthon und die deutsche Reformation bis 1531” (“Schriften des Vereins f. RG.,” 14, 3, 1897), p. 117.[956]Nov. 13, 1536, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 187.[957]Dec. 7, 1537,ib., p. 460.[958]Feb. 13, 1538,ib., p. 488.[959]June 24, 1545,ib., 5, p. 776: “tam atrocia certamina inter collegas.”[960]Dec. 25, 1544, to Camerarius, “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 554.[961]“Die Reformation,” 1, p. 376.[962]Oct. 11, 1538, to Caspar Borner, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 596.[963]April 30, 1550,ib., 7, p. 580.[964]Cp. Döllinger,ib., 1, p. 379 f.[965]From a New-Year’s letter (Jan. 1, 1540) to Veit Dietrich, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 895.[966]Sept. 9, 1541, to Veit Dietrich,ib., 4, p. 654, where he continues: “Tegere hæc soleo, sed, mihi crede, manent cicatrices.”[967]About July 16, 1537, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 390sq.Before this he had said in humanistic style: “Video novum quoddam genus sophistarum nasci; velut ex gigantum sanguine alii gigantes nati sunt.... Metuo maiores ecclesiæ motus. Hie cum hydra decerto. Uno represso alii multi exoriuntur.”[968]“Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 503sqq.Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 451.
[714]Jan. 8, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 773.[715]Feb. 7, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 787.[716]Feb. 10, 1546,ib., p. 790.[717]April 13, 1542,ib., p. 464.[718]To the Elector and the Duke, April 7, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. 15 ff. “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 304 ff.[719]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 567.[720]April 9, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. liii. “Briefe,”ib., p. 311.[721]Leipzig, 1874, p. 28 f.[722]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 568.[723]According to Luther’s report to Brück, April 12, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. liv., “Briefe,” p. 314.[724]Ib.[725]Burkhardt, “Gesch. der sächs. Kirchen- u. Schulvisitationen, 1524-1545,” 1879, p. 209 f. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 192.[726]G. A. Arndt, “Archiv der sächs. Gesch.,” 2, Leipzig, 1784-1786, p. 333 ff. C. G. Gersdorf, “Urkundenbuch von Meissen,” 3, Leipzig, 1867, p. 375 f. Janssen,ib., p. 193.[727]April 29, 1544, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. 91; “Briefe,” 5, p. 646.[728]In Luther’s household memoranda, “Briefe,” 6, p. 326.[729]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 213 (“Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 34).[730]July 7, 1544, “Werke,”ib., p. 104 f.[731]Cp. Luther’s attitude at the time when the question of armed resistance to the Emperor was mooted, vol. iii., 56 ff., and his views on the relations of Church and State.[732]To Amsdorf, Nov. 25, 1538, “Briefe,” 5, p. 136 (“Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 38): “Vides, quantis premor oneribus.... Miserrimis miserior, ut qui amplius nihil possum præ defectu virium.”[733]To the Christians at Strasburg, Dec. 15, 1524, “Werke,” Weim. ed., 15, p. 395; Erl. ed., 53, p. 275 (“Briefwechsel,” 5, p. 83).[734]See above, vol. ii., p. 370.[735]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, p. 67 f.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 141 f. “Against the heavenly Prophets.”[736]Ib., p. 68=143.[737]Ib., p. 73=148.[738]Ib., p. 74=149.[739]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 15², p. 334.[740]Ib., Weim. ed., 10, 3, p. 26; Erl. ed., 28, p. 225 f.[741]Ib., p. 29=228.[742]Ib., 16, p. 440=36, p. 49.[743]Ib., p. 440 f.=50.[744]Ib., p. 444=54. Sermon of 1525.[745]Cp. Weim. ed., 1, p. 425; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 12, p. 51sq.(1518, against the strictures of the Bohemians) and Weim. ed., 10, 2, p. 34; Erl. ed., 28, p. 310.[746]See above, vol. ii., p. 97 f.; vol. iii., p. 385.[747]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 10, 3, p. 31 f.; Erl. ed., 28, p. 229 f.[748]Ib., 16, p. 440=36, p. 49. Sermons on the Ten Commandments.[749]Ib., 28, p. 677 f.=36, p. 329 f. Exposition of Deuteronomy.[750]Ib., p. 716=368.[751]P. 553=206.[752]P. 715=367.[753]April 25, 1522, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 53, p. 133 (“Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 347).[754]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 74 f., 82 f.; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 149 f., 159.[755]Ib., 26, p. 509=30, p. 372.[756]Ib., 10, 3, p. 114=15², p. 334.[757]Ib., 18, p. 83=29, p. 159.[758]Ib., 63, p. 391 f.[759]Cp. above, p. 203.[760]See vol. ii., p. 351 f.[761]Th. Eitner, “Erfurt u. die Bauernaufstände im 16. Jahrh.,” Halle, 1903, pp. 59, 95.[762]Ib., p. 72.[763]Ib., pp. 74, 84.[764]Ib., p. 75.[765]Ib., pp. 78, 76.[766]See below, p. 230.[767]Chr. Falk, “Elbingisch-Preuss. Chronik,” ed. M. Töppen (“Publik. des Vereins f. die Gesch. der Provinzen Ost- und West-Preussen,” Leipzig, 1879), p. 157 f. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), v., p. 112 ff.[768]v. Baczko, “Gesch. Preussens,” 4, p. 173 ff. Janssen,ib.[769]Janssen,ib.[770]L. Redner’s “Skizzen aus der KG. Danzigs,” Danzig, 1875 (“Marienkirchen”).[771]Janssen,ib., p. 120.[772]Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 34 ff.[773]Ib., vol. vi., p. 205.[774]Whitsuntide Sermon, in Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 38. Cp. “Luthers Werke,” Erl. ed., 7², pp. 121, 131, 222 f., 330. Cp. Janssen,ib., p. 37, the passages from the sermons of the superintendent George Nigrinus.[775]Janssen,ib., v., p. 121.[776]Beckmann, “Historie des Fürstentums Anhalt,” 6, p. 43.[777]“Repertorium f. Kunstwissenschaft,” 20, p. 46. Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 36.[778]Oldecop, in 1548. Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 36.[779]“Hist.-pol. Bl.,” 9, p. 316 ff.; 10, p. 15 ff. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 209.[780]“Hist.-pol. Bl.,” 10, p. 17.[781]Ladurner, “Der Einfall der Schmalkaldener im Tirol, 1546,” (“Archiv f. Gesch. u. Altertumskunde Tirols,” 1), p. 415 ff. Janssen,ib., vi., 315 ff.[782]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 349.[783]J. Voigt, “Briefwechsel der Gelehrten des Zeitalters der Reformation mit Herzog Albrecht von Preussen,” 1841, p. 30.[784]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 434.[785]Aug. 19, 1548, C. W. Hase, “Mittelalterliche Baudenkmale Niedersachsens,” Hannover, 1858, Hft., 3, p. 100.[786]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 438 f.[787]Ib., vi., p. 454.[788]See A. v. Druffel, “Briefe und Akten zur Gesch. des 16. Jahrh.,” 2, 1873 ff., p. 668.[789]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 458.[790]F. A. Sinnacher, “Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Kirche Säben und Brixen,” 7, 1830, p. 441. D. Schönherr, “Der Einfall des Kurfürsten Moritz in Tyrol,” 1868, p. 101 ff. Janssen,ib., vi., p. 478.[791]See Schönherr,ib., p. 137 ff.[792]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 496.[793]Ib., vi., p. 459.[794]Melchior von Ossa in his diary, Jan. 1, 1553. F. A. Langenn, “D. Melchior von Ossa,” 1858, p. 161. Janssen,ib., p. 505.[795]Döllinger, “Reformation,” 2, p. 318.[796]“Mitteil. der Gesellschaft f. Erhaltung der geschtl. Denkmäler im Elsass,” 15, 1892, p. 248. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), xi., p. 46.[797]E. Weller, “Der Volksdichter Hans Sachs u. seine Dichtungen,” 1868, p. 118 ff.[798]Ib.[799]He frequently laments that the churches were too ill-provided for. Cp. Walch’s Index, s.v. “Kirche,” & “Gotteshäuser.”[800]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, p. 82 f.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 158.[801]See P. Lehfeldt, “Luthers Verhältnis zu Kunst und Künstlern,” Berlin, 1892, p. 84. Janssen,ib., xi., 39.—On the whole subject see Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vol. xi., ch. ii.[802]March 26, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 451.[803]Oct. 9, 1542,ib., p. 501.[804]Oct. 29, 1542,ib., p. 502.[805]Nov. 7, 1543,ib., p. 600.[806]Dec. 3, 1544,ib., p. 702.[807]March 13, 1542,ib., p. 444.[808]Oct. 5, 1542,ib., p. 501.[809]Dec. 16, 1543,ib., p. 611 f.[810]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 144.[811]Ib., p. 105.[812]Ib., p. 140.[813]Ib., p. 122.[814]Ib., p. 113.[815]Ib., p. 132.[816]Below, xxxii., 6.[817]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 114, in 1538.[818]Ib., p. 105.[819]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” ed. Kroker, p. 303.[820]According to Mathesius (“Historien,” p. 146) he once said even in the pulpit: “A full belly and ripe dung are easily parted.”[821]To Anton Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 598.[822]Ib.[823]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 156; “Aufzeichn.,” p. 117.[824]To Lauterbach,ib.[825]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 303.[826]“Hist.,” p. 145´ f. Ecebolius, under the Emperor Constantine, a type of the hypocrite.[827]To Hans Luther, Feb. 15, 1530, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 24, p. 130 (“Briefwechsel,” 7, p. 230).[828]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 127.[829]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 288.[830]Ib., p. 179.[831]Ib., p. 155.[832]Dec. 7, 1540, “Briefe,” 5, p. 322.[833]Ib.[834]To Justus Jonas, Jan. 26, 1543,ib., p. 534.[835]To Spalatin, Aug. 21, 1544,ib., p. 679 f.[836]To Amsdorf, April 14, 1545,ib., p. 728.[837]June 18, 1543,ib., p. 570.[838]To Justus Jonas, Feb. 25, 1542, ib., p. 439: “Carlstadii ista sunt monstra.”[839]Ib.: “Furiis furiosis aguntur, quia ira Dei pervenit super eos usque in finem. Quare ergo propter istos perditos nos conficere volumus? Mitte, vadere sicut vadit.”[840]To Dr. Ratzeberger, the Elector’s physician, Aug. 6, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 754.[841]April 14, 1545,ib., a letter not in the least intended as a joke.[842]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 185. Rebenstock in Bindseil, l.c.[843]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 584. Cp. p. 789: “ne tandem fiat quod ante diluvium factum esse scribit Moises,” etc.[844]Ib., p. 585.[845]Sep. 3, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 396.[846]On the psychology of his humour, see below, xxxi., 5.[847]To Justus Jonas, April 17, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 642. Cp. p. 629: “testes fidelissimi” report an alliance between the Pope, the Turks, French and Venetians against the Emperor. “Now give a cheer for the Pope.”[848]To Amsdorf, Jan. 9, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 713.[849]To Amsdorf, July 17, 1545,ib., p. 750 f.[850]Cp. Pastor, “Hist. of the Popes” (Engl. Trans.), vol. x.[851]June-July, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 379.[852]June, 22, 1541,ib., p. 372.[853]Vol. iii., pp. 217, 280 f.[854]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 155.[855]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 423. In 1537.[856]Above, vol. iii., p. 116.[857]“Colloq.,” l.c., p. 156. Cp. Rebenstock, in Bindseil, l.c.[858]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 125.[859]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 156.[860]To Melanchthon, April 20, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 346; “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 308.[861]To Melanchthon, March 24, 1541,ib., p. 336=279.[862]To Jakob Probst, Pastor at Bremen, Oct. 9, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 501.[863]On Feb. 23, 1545, see Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 269, n. 208, from MS.[864]Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 582. On Melanchthon, cp. above, vol. iii., p. 370.[865]To Chancellor Brück, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 708.[866]To Amsdorf, May 2, 1545,ib., p. 734.[867]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543,ib., p. 585: “an colaphus Satanæ?”[868]To Anton Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 599.[869]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 20², 2, p. 561 f., in his last sermon, Feb. 14, 1546, on Mt. xi 25 ff.[870]Ib., p. 562 ff.[871]Ib., p. 565.[872]Ib., p. 564.[873]Ib., p. 566 f.[874]Ib., p. 571.[875]To Ratzeberger, the Elector’s medical adviser, Aug. 6, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 754: “Credo nos esse tubam illam novissimam,” etc.[876]To Jonas at Halle, Jan. 23, 1542,ib., p. 429.[877]To Lauterbach, July 25, 1542,ib., p. 487.[878]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 385 f. (Dec., 1536).[879]To Wenceslaus Link, Jan. 14, 1521, “Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 72: “videns, rem tumultuosissimo tumultu tumultuantem; forte hæc est inundatio illa prædicta anno 24 futura.”[880]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 423, concluding: “Videte, tanta est potentia Sathanæ in deludendis sensibus externis; quid faciet in animabus?”[881]Cp. N. Paulus, “Hexenwahn und Hexenprozess vornehmlich im 16. Jahrh.,” 1910, particularly pp. 20 f., 48 ff.[882]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 227.[883]Ib., p. 129.[884]Ib., p. 422, from Lauterbach and Weller’s Notes in the summer, 1537.[885]To Amsdorf, June 3, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 741. Amsdorf had sent an inquiry “de monstro illo vulpium.”[886]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 10², p. 69 f. Kirchenpostille.[887]Ib.[888]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 612: “congruunt omnia signa.”[889]In the “Chronology of the World,” “Werke,” Walch’s ed., 14, p. 1278, from the Latin MS. See above, vol. iii., p. 147 f.[890]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 22.[891]Ib., p. 33.[892]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 86.[893]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 208; “Historien,” p. 143. “Luthers Werke,” Erl. ed., 62, pp. 18, 25, “Tischreden.”[894]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1., p. 85.[895]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 206.[896]Ib., 62, p. 23.[897]Ib., p. 24 f.[898]See above, vol. iii., p. 141 ff., on the rise of his idea of the Pope as Antichrist.[899]Cp. the index to Walch’s edition, vol. xxiii.,s.v.“Antichrist” and “Widerchrist.”[900]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 8, p. 719; Erl. ed., 24², p. 203, “Bulla Cœnæ Domini” (1522), appendix.[901]Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 1, p. 646. On the Monk-Calf, see vol. iii., p. 149 f.[902]On this Reply see vol. iii., p. 142.[903]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 72.[904]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 612.[905]To Link, Sep. 8, 1541,ib., p. 398.[906]To Jonas, March 13, 1542,ib., p. 445.[907]To Jonas, Feb. 25, 1542,ib., p. 439.[908]To Jonas, May 3, 1541, “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 328: “Ego et ægrotus et pæne morosus sum, tædio rerum et morborum. Utinam me Deus evocet misericorditer ad sese. Satis malorum feci, vidi, passus sum.”[909]To Lauterbach, April 2, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 551: “ubique grassatur licentia et petulantia vulgi.” Cp. p. 552.[910]To the Evangelical Brethren at Venice, June 13, 1543,ib., p. 569.[911]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543,ib., p. 584.[912]To Jonas, June 18, 1543,ib., p. 570.[913]To Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543,ib., p. 599.[914]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543,ib., p. 610.[915]To Duke George of Anhalt, July 10, 1545,ib., 6, p. 370.[916]Ib.[917]Vol. ii., p. 522.[918]To Lauterbach, Feb. 9, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 629.[919]To Amsdorf, June 23, 1544,ib., p. 670.[920]To Probst, Dec. 5, 1544,ib., p. 703.[921]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch” (1538), p. 34.[922]P. 172 f.[923]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” (1531 and 1532), p. 17.[924]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, pp. 85, 86.[925]Ib., p. 86.[926]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 41, p. 233.[927]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” ed. Kroker, p. 282. Cp. Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” ed. Lœsche, p. 393.[928]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 287.[929]Above, p. 229.[930]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 131.[931]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 289.[932]Ib., p. 288.[933]Ib., p. 179.[934]Ib., p. 108.[935]Ib., p. 209.[936]Ib., p. 111.[937]To Amsdorf, Nov. 7, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 600.[938]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 87.[939]Ib., p. 89.[940]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 172 f.[941]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 41, p. 233.[942]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 130.[943]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 86.[944]Ib., p. 87.[945]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 95 f.[946]Schlaginhaufen,ib., p. 30.[947]See above, p. 226.[948]Above, vol. iii., p. 362 ff.[949]April 28, 1548, “Corp. ref.,” 6, p. 879sqq.[950]G. Kawerau, “Luthers Stellung zu den Zeitgenossen Erasmus, Zwingli und Melanchthon” (Reprint from “Deutsch-evang. Bl.,” 1906, 1-3), p. 30.[951]F. Loofs, “DG.,” 4, 1906, p. 866, n. 3.[952]G. Ellinger, “Melanchthon,” 1902, p. 535 f.[953]Nov. 12, 1538, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 606.[954]To Gelous, May 20, 1559,ib., 9, p. 822: “Pendeo velut ad Caucasum adfixus, etsi verius sum ἐπινηθεύς quam προμηθεύς et laceror, non ut ille vulturibus tantum, sed etiam a cuculis.”[955]C. Sell, “Philipp Melanchthon und die deutsche Reformation bis 1531” (“Schriften des Vereins f. RG.,” 14, 3, 1897), p. 117.[956]Nov. 13, 1536, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 187.[957]Dec. 7, 1537,ib., p. 460.[958]Feb. 13, 1538,ib., p. 488.[959]June 24, 1545,ib., 5, p. 776: “tam atrocia certamina inter collegas.”[960]Dec. 25, 1544, to Camerarius, “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 554.[961]“Die Reformation,” 1, p. 376.[962]Oct. 11, 1538, to Caspar Borner, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 596.[963]April 30, 1550,ib., 7, p. 580.[964]Cp. Döllinger,ib., 1, p. 379 f.[965]From a New-Year’s letter (Jan. 1, 1540) to Veit Dietrich, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 895.[966]Sept. 9, 1541, to Veit Dietrich,ib., 4, p. 654, where he continues: “Tegere hæc soleo, sed, mihi crede, manent cicatrices.”[967]About July 16, 1537, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 390sq.Before this he had said in humanistic style: “Video novum quoddam genus sophistarum nasci; velut ex gigantum sanguine alii gigantes nati sunt.... Metuo maiores ecclesiæ motus. Hie cum hydra decerto. Uno represso alii multi exoriuntur.”[968]“Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 503sqq.Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 451.
[714]Jan. 8, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 773.
[715]Feb. 7, 1546, “Briefe,” 5, p. 787.
[716]Feb. 10, 1546,ib., p. 790.
[717]April 13, 1542,ib., p. 464.
[718]To the Elector and the Duke, April 7, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. 15 ff. “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 304 ff.
[719]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 567.
[720]April 9, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. liii. “Briefe,”ib., p. 311.
[721]Leipzig, 1874, p. 28 f.
[722]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 568.
[723]According to Luther’s report to Brück, April 12, 1542, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. liv., “Briefe,” p. 314.
[724]Ib.
[725]Burkhardt, “Gesch. der sächs. Kirchen- u. Schulvisitationen, 1524-1545,” 1879, p. 209 f. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 192.
[726]G. A. Arndt, “Archiv der sächs. Gesch.,” 2, Leipzig, 1784-1786, p. 333 ff. C. G. Gersdorf, “Urkundenbuch von Meissen,” 3, Leipzig, 1867, p. 375 f. Janssen,ib., p. 193.
[727]April 29, 1544, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 56, p. 91; “Briefe,” 5, p. 646.
[728]In Luther’s household memoranda, “Briefe,” 6, p. 326.
[729]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 213 (“Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 34).
[730]July 7, 1544, “Werke,”ib., p. 104 f.
[731]Cp. Luther’s attitude at the time when the question of armed resistance to the Emperor was mooted, vol. iii., 56 ff., and his views on the relations of Church and State.
[732]To Amsdorf, Nov. 25, 1538, “Briefe,” 5, p. 136 (“Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 38): “Vides, quantis premor oneribus.... Miserrimis miserior, ut qui amplius nihil possum præ defectu virium.”
[733]To the Christians at Strasburg, Dec. 15, 1524, “Werke,” Weim. ed., 15, p. 395; Erl. ed., 53, p. 275 (“Briefwechsel,” 5, p. 83).
[734]See above, vol. ii., p. 370.
[735]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, p. 67 f.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 141 f. “Against the heavenly Prophets.”
[736]Ib., p. 68=143.
[737]Ib., p. 73=148.
[738]Ib., p. 74=149.
[739]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 15², p. 334.
[740]Ib., Weim. ed., 10, 3, p. 26; Erl. ed., 28, p. 225 f.
[741]Ib., p. 29=228.
[742]Ib., 16, p. 440=36, p. 49.
[743]Ib., p. 440 f.=50.
[744]Ib., p. 444=54. Sermon of 1525.
[745]Cp. Weim. ed., 1, p. 425; “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 12, p. 51sq.(1518, against the strictures of the Bohemians) and Weim. ed., 10, 2, p. 34; Erl. ed., 28, p. 310.
[746]See above, vol. ii., p. 97 f.; vol. iii., p. 385.
[747]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 10, 3, p. 31 f.; Erl. ed., 28, p. 229 f.
[748]Ib., 16, p. 440=36, p. 49. Sermons on the Ten Commandments.
[749]Ib., 28, p. 677 f.=36, p. 329 f. Exposition of Deuteronomy.
[750]Ib., p. 716=368.
[751]P. 553=206.
[752]P. 715=367.
[753]April 25, 1522, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 53, p. 133 (“Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 347).
[754]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, pp. 74 f., 82 f.; Erl. ed., 29, pp. 149 f., 159.
[755]Ib., 26, p. 509=30, p. 372.
[756]Ib., 10, 3, p. 114=15², p. 334.
[757]Ib., 18, p. 83=29, p. 159.
[758]Ib., 63, p. 391 f.
[759]Cp. above, p. 203.
[760]See vol. ii., p. 351 f.
[761]Th. Eitner, “Erfurt u. die Bauernaufstände im 16. Jahrh.,” Halle, 1903, pp. 59, 95.
[762]Ib., p. 72.
[763]Ib., pp. 74, 84.
[764]Ib., p. 75.
[765]Ib., pp. 78, 76.
[766]See below, p. 230.
[767]Chr. Falk, “Elbingisch-Preuss. Chronik,” ed. M. Töppen (“Publik. des Vereins f. die Gesch. der Provinzen Ost- und West-Preussen,” Leipzig, 1879), p. 157 f. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), v., p. 112 ff.
[768]v. Baczko, “Gesch. Preussens,” 4, p. 173 ff. Janssen,ib.
[769]Janssen,ib.
[770]L. Redner’s “Skizzen aus der KG. Danzigs,” Danzig, 1875 (“Marienkirchen”).
[771]Janssen,ib., p. 120.
[772]Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 34 ff.
[773]Ib., vol. vi., p. 205.
[774]Whitsuntide Sermon, in Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 38. Cp. “Luthers Werke,” Erl. ed., 7², pp. 121, 131, 222 f., 330. Cp. Janssen,ib., p. 37, the passages from the sermons of the superintendent George Nigrinus.
[775]Janssen,ib., v., p. 121.
[776]Beckmann, “Historie des Fürstentums Anhalt,” 6, p. 43.
[777]“Repertorium f. Kunstwissenschaft,” 20, p. 46. Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 36.
[778]Oldecop, in 1548. Janssen,ib., vol. xi., p. 36.
[779]“Hist.-pol. Bl.,” 9, p. 316 ff.; 10, p. 15 ff. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 209.
[780]“Hist.-pol. Bl.,” 10, p. 17.
[781]Ladurner, “Der Einfall der Schmalkaldener im Tirol, 1546,” (“Archiv f. Gesch. u. Altertumskunde Tirols,” 1), p. 415 ff. Janssen,ib., vi., 315 ff.
[782]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 349.
[783]J. Voigt, “Briefwechsel der Gelehrten des Zeitalters der Reformation mit Herzog Albrecht von Preussen,” 1841, p. 30.
[784]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 434.
[785]Aug. 19, 1548, C. W. Hase, “Mittelalterliche Baudenkmale Niedersachsens,” Hannover, 1858, Hft., 3, p. 100.
[786]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 438 f.
[787]Ib., vi., p. 454.
[788]See A. v. Druffel, “Briefe und Akten zur Gesch. des 16. Jahrh.,” 2, 1873 ff., p. 668.
[789]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 458.
[790]F. A. Sinnacher, “Beitr. z. Gesch. d. Kirche Säben und Brixen,” 7, 1830, p. 441. D. Schönherr, “Der Einfall des Kurfürsten Moritz in Tyrol,” 1868, p. 101 ff. Janssen,ib., vi., p. 478.
[791]See Schönherr,ib., p. 137 ff.
[792]Janssen,ib., vi., p. 496.
[793]Ib., vi., p. 459.
[794]Melchior von Ossa in his diary, Jan. 1, 1553. F. A. Langenn, “D. Melchior von Ossa,” 1858, p. 161. Janssen,ib., p. 505.
[795]Döllinger, “Reformation,” 2, p. 318.
[796]“Mitteil. der Gesellschaft f. Erhaltung der geschtl. Denkmäler im Elsass,” 15, 1892, p. 248. Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), xi., p. 46.
[797]E. Weller, “Der Volksdichter Hans Sachs u. seine Dichtungen,” 1868, p. 118 ff.
[798]Ib.
[799]He frequently laments that the churches were too ill-provided for. Cp. Walch’s Index, s.v. “Kirche,” & “Gotteshäuser.”
[800]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 18, p. 82 f.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 158.
[801]See P. Lehfeldt, “Luthers Verhältnis zu Kunst und Künstlern,” Berlin, 1892, p. 84. Janssen,ib., xi., 39.—On the whole subject see Janssen, “Hist. of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vol. xi., ch. ii.
[802]March 26, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 451.
[803]Oct. 9, 1542,ib., p. 501.
[804]Oct. 29, 1542,ib., p. 502.
[805]Nov. 7, 1543,ib., p. 600.
[806]Dec. 3, 1544,ib., p. 702.
[807]March 13, 1542,ib., p. 444.
[808]Oct. 5, 1542,ib., p. 501.
[809]Dec. 16, 1543,ib., p. 611 f.
[810]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 144.
[811]Ib., p. 105.
[812]Ib., p. 140.
[813]Ib., p. 122.
[814]Ib., p. 113.
[815]Ib., p. 132.
[816]Below, xxxii., 6.
[817]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 114, in 1538.
[818]Ib., p. 105.
[819]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” ed. Kroker, p. 303.
[820]According to Mathesius (“Historien,” p. 146) he once said even in the pulpit: “A full belly and ripe dung are easily parted.”
[821]To Anton Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 598.
[822]Ib.
[823]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 156; “Aufzeichn.,” p. 117.
[824]To Lauterbach,ib.
[825]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 303.
[826]“Hist.,” p. 145´ f. Ecebolius, under the Emperor Constantine, a type of the hypocrite.
[827]To Hans Luther, Feb. 15, 1530, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 24, p. 130 (“Briefwechsel,” 7, p. 230).
[828]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 127.
[829]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 288.
[830]Ib., p. 179.
[831]Ib., p. 155.
[832]Dec. 7, 1540, “Briefe,” 5, p. 322.
[833]Ib.
[834]To Justus Jonas, Jan. 26, 1543,ib., p. 534.
[835]To Spalatin, Aug. 21, 1544,ib., p. 679 f.
[836]To Amsdorf, April 14, 1545,ib., p. 728.
[837]June 18, 1543,ib., p. 570.
[838]To Justus Jonas, Feb. 25, 1542, ib., p. 439: “Carlstadii ista sunt monstra.”
[839]Ib.: “Furiis furiosis aguntur, quia ira Dei pervenit super eos usque in finem. Quare ergo propter istos perditos nos conficere volumus? Mitte, vadere sicut vadit.”
[840]To Dr. Ratzeberger, the Elector’s physician, Aug. 6, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 754.
[841]April 14, 1545,ib., a letter not in the least intended as a joke.
[842]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 185. Rebenstock in Bindseil, l.c.
[843]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 584. Cp. p. 789: “ne tandem fiat quod ante diluvium factum esse scribit Moises,” etc.
[844]Ib., p. 585.
[845]Sep. 3, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 396.
[846]On the psychology of his humour, see below, xxxi., 5.
[847]To Justus Jonas, April 17, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 642. Cp. p. 629: “testes fidelissimi” report an alliance between the Pope, the Turks, French and Venetians against the Emperor. “Now give a cheer for the Pope.”
[848]To Amsdorf, Jan. 9, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 713.
[849]To Amsdorf, July 17, 1545,ib., p. 750 f.
[850]Cp. Pastor, “Hist. of the Popes” (Engl. Trans.), vol. x.
[851]June-July, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 379.
[852]June, 22, 1541,ib., p. 372.
[853]Vol. iii., pp. 217, 280 f.
[854]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 155.
[855]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 423. In 1537.
[856]Above, vol. iii., p. 116.
[857]“Colloq.,” l.c., p. 156. Cp. Rebenstock, in Bindseil, l.c.
[858]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 125.
[859]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 156.
[860]To Melanchthon, April 20, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 346; “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 308.
[861]To Melanchthon, March 24, 1541,ib., p. 336=279.
[862]To Jakob Probst, Pastor at Bremen, Oct. 9, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 501.
[863]On Feb. 23, 1545, see Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 269, n. 208, from MS.
[864]Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 582. On Melanchthon, cp. above, vol. iii., p. 370.
[865]To Chancellor Brück, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 708.
[866]To Amsdorf, May 2, 1545,ib., p. 734.
[867]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543,ib., p. 585: “an colaphus Satanæ?”
[868]To Anton Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 599.
[869]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 20², 2, p. 561 f., in his last sermon, Feb. 14, 1546, on Mt. xi 25 ff.
[870]Ib., p. 562 ff.
[871]Ib., p. 565.
[872]Ib., p. 564.
[873]Ib., p. 566 f.
[874]Ib., p. 571.
[875]To Ratzeberger, the Elector’s medical adviser, Aug. 6, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 754: “Credo nos esse tubam illam novissimam,” etc.
[876]To Jonas at Halle, Jan. 23, 1542,ib., p. 429.
[877]To Lauterbach, July 25, 1542,ib., p. 487.
[878]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 385 f. (Dec., 1536).
[879]To Wenceslaus Link, Jan. 14, 1521, “Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 72: “videns, rem tumultuosissimo tumultu tumultuantem; forte hæc est inundatio illa prædicta anno 24 futura.”
[880]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 423, concluding: “Videte, tanta est potentia Sathanæ in deludendis sensibus externis; quid faciet in animabus?”
[881]Cp. N. Paulus, “Hexenwahn und Hexenprozess vornehmlich im 16. Jahrh.,” 1910, particularly pp. 20 f., 48 ff.
[882]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 227.
[883]Ib., p. 129.
[884]Ib., p. 422, from Lauterbach and Weller’s Notes in the summer, 1537.
[885]To Amsdorf, June 3, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 741. Amsdorf had sent an inquiry “de monstro illo vulpium.”
[886]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 10², p. 69 f. Kirchenpostille.
[887]Ib.
[888]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 612: “congruunt omnia signa.”
[889]In the “Chronology of the World,” “Werke,” Walch’s ed., 14, p. 1278, from the Latin MS. See above, vol. iii., p. 147 f.
[890]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 22.
[891]Ib., p. 33.
[892]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 86.
[893]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 208; “Historien,” p. 143. “Luthers Werke,” Erl. ed., 62, pp. 18, 25, “Tischreden.”
[894]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1., p. 85.
[895]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 206.
[896]Ib., 62, p. 23.
[897]Ib., p. 24 f.
[898]See above, vol. iii., p. 141 ff., on the rise of his idea of the Pope as Antichrist.
[899]Cp. the index to Walch’s edition, vol. xxiii.,s.v.“Antichrist” and “Widerchrist.”
[900]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 8, p. 719; Erl. ed., 24², p. 203, “Bulla Cœnæ Domini” (1522), appendix.
[901]Cp. Köstlin-Kawerau, 1, p. 646. On the Monk-Calf, see vol. iii., p. 149 f.
[902]On this Reply see vol. iii., p. 142.
[903]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 72.
[904]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 612.
[905]To Link, Sep. 8, 1541,ib., p. 398.
[906]To Jonas, March 13, 1542,ib., p. 445.
[907]To Jonas, Feb. 25, 1542,ib., p. 439.
[908]To Jonas, May 3, 1541, “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 328: “Ego et ægrotus et pæne morosus sum, tædio rerum et morborum. Utinam me Deus evocet misericorditer ad sese. Satis malorum feci, vidi, passus sum.”
[909]To Lauterbach, April 2, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 551: “ubique grassatur licentia et petulantia vulgi.” Cp. p. 552.
[910]To the Evangelical Brethren at Venice, June 13, 1543,ib., p. 569.
[911]To Amsdorf, Aug. 18, 1543,ib., p. 584.
[912]To Jonas, June 18, 1543,ib., p. 570.
[913]To Lauterbach, Nov. 3, 1543,ib., p. 599.
[914]To Jonas, Dec. 16, 1543,ib., p. 610.
[915]To Duke George of Anhalt, July 10, 1545,ib., 6, p. 370.
[916]Ib.
[917]Vol. ii., p. 522.
[918]To Lauterbach, Feb. 9, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 629.
[919]To Amsdorf, June 23, 1544,ib., p. 670.
[920]To Probst, Dec. 5, 1544,ib., p. 703.
[921]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch” (1538), p. 34.
[922]P. 172 f.
[923]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” (1531 and 1532), p. 17.
[924]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, pp. 85, 86.
[925]Ib., p. 86.
[926]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 41, p. 233.
[927]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” ed. Kroker, p. 282. Cp. Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” ed. Lœsche, p. 393.
[928]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 287.
[929]Above, p. 229.
[930]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 131.
[931]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 289.
[932]Ib., p. 288.
[933]Ib., p. 179.
[934]Ib., p. 108.
[935]Ib., p. 209.
[936]Ib., p. 111.
[937]To Amsdorf, Nov. 7, 1543, “Briefe,” 5, p. 600.
[938]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 87.
[939]Ib., p. 89.
[940]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 172 f.
[941]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 41, p. 233.
[942]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 130.
[943]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 86.
[944]Ib., p. 87.
[945]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 95 f.
[946]Schlaginhaufen,ib., p. 30.
[947]See above, p. 226.
[948]Above, vol. iii., p. 362 ff.
[949]April 28, 1548, “Corp. ref.,” 6, p. 879sqq.
[950]G. Kawerau, “Luthers Stellung zu den Zeitgenossen Erasmus, Zwingli und Melanchthon” (Reprint from “Deutsch-evang. Bl.,” 1906, 1-3), p. 30.
[951]F. Loofs, “DG.,” 4, 1906, p. 866, n. 3.
[952]G. Ellinger, “Melanchthon,” 1902, p. 535 f.
[953]Nov. 12, 1538, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 606.
[954]To Gelous, May 20, 1559,ib., 9, p. 822: “Pendeo velut ad Caucasum adfixus, etsi verius sum ἐπινηθεύς quam προμηθεύς et laceror, non ut ille vulturibus tantum, sed etiam a cuculis.”
[955]C. Sell, “Philipp Melanchthon und die deutsche Reformation bis 1531” (“Schriften des Vereins f. RG.,” 14, 3, 1897), p. 117.
[956]Nov. 13, 1536, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 187.
[957]Dec. 7, 1537,ib., p. 460.
[958]Feb. 13, 1538,ib., p. 488.
[959]June 24, 1545,ib., 5, p. 776: “tam atrocia certamina inter collegas.”
[960]Dec. 25, 1544, to Camerarius, “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 554.
[961]“Die Reformation,” 1, p. 376.
[962]Oct. 11, 1538, to Caspar Borner, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 596.
[963]April 30, 1550,ib., 7, p. 580.
[964]Cp. Döllinger,ib., 1, p. 379 f.
[965]From a New-Year’s letter (Jan. 1, 1540) to Veit Dietrich, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 895.
[966]Sept. 9, 1541, to Veit Dietrich,ib., 4, p. 654, where he continues: “Tegere hæc soleo, sed, mihi crede, manent cicatrices.”
[967]About July 16, 1537, “Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 390sq.Before this he had said in humanistic style: “Video novum quoddam genus sophistarum nasci; velut ex gigantum sanguine alii gigantes nati sunt.... Metuo maiores ecclesiæ motus. Hie cum hydra decerto. Uno represso alii multi exoriuntur.”
[968]“Corp. ref.,” 3, p. 503sqq.Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 451.