[1432]From Veit Dietrich’s MS. Notes, in Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 516.[1433]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 97.[1434]To Wenceslaus Link, July 14, 1528, “Briefwechsel,” 6, p. 301.[1435]To Hier. Weller, July (?) 1530,ib., 8, p. 160.[1436]Ib.[1437]To Wenceslaus Link, in the passage quoted under n. 7; above, p. 339.[1438]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 176, from Veit Dietrich.[1439]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 11, Nov. to Dec., 1531. Same in Veit Dietrich. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 47.[1440]Schlaginhaufen,ib.[1441]To Hier. Weller, June 19, 1530, “Briefwechsel,” 8, p. 5.[1442]Schlaginhaufen,ib., pp. 9, 88. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 316. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 52, p. 24 f.[1443]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 99.[1444]See vol. iii., p. 13 ff.; vol. iv., pp. 413 ff., 440 ff., 444, 448.[1445]Above, vol. iv., p. 398 ff.[1446]Above, vol. iv., p. 403 ff.[1447]Ib., pp. 404 f., 410 ff., 414 f.[1448]Above, vol. iii., pp. 8 ff., 18 ff., and below, xxxiv., 1.[1449]The “Süddeutsche Blätter f. Kirche u. freies Christentum” (1911, No. 24) appealed, as against the deposition of Pastor Jatho by the Spruchkollegium of Berlin, to Luther’s words in the above writing: “In this matter, i.e. in judging of doctrine, deposing teachers or those holding a cure of souls, we must pay no heed to human regulations and laws, to ancient custom and usage, etc. ... the soul must be ruled and gripped only by the Eternal Word.” “It is high time,” adds the Editor, “for us again to call to mind that view of faith which gives to the soul and the conscience that sacred and inalienable right to which every man has a claim”; he also points out, again appealing to Luther, the “impossible state of things” to which any compulsion exercised under plea of the Creed must lead, of which each of the twelve judges of the Spruchkollegium has a different opinion. “It is admittedly allowable to deviate to a certain extent from the Confession of the Church. In this case, however, the judges suddenly turn on a man and say: But not so far as this. The question is: How far then may one go?”[1450]“Süddeutsche Bl.,”ib.[1451]See above, vol. iv., p. 441.[1452]Vol. i., pp. 92, 203 f., 213, 231 f.; vol. ii., pp. 232 ff., 286 ff.; vol. iv., p. 434 f.[1453]Vol. i., p. 187 ff.; vol. ii., pp. 268 ff., 291.[1454]Vol. ii., p. 397 ff.; vol. iv., p. 526 f., etc.[1455]Khummer, in Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 73. For Khummer’s Notes (which end in 1554) see Kroker, Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. xxii., and Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” Introduction, p. ix. f.—Cp. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 219.[1456]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 128, in 1538.—Cp. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 229sq.[1457]Lauterbach,ib., p. 81 (1538). Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 374.[1458]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 313. Cp. “Historien,” p. 147´.[1459]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 79. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 103: “That I eat and drink and am at times merry and a good boon companion,” etc[1460]“Ego non intelligo nec possum credere, et omnes apostoli crediderunt” (even before the descent of the Holy Ghost).[1461]See above, p. 241 ff.[1462]Dec. 8, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 514 f.[1463]May 5, 1541, “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 328.[1464]To Jakob Probst, Dec. 5, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 703. Above, p. 226 ff.[1465]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 360.[1466]To Count Albert of Mansfeld, Dec. 8, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 513.[1467]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 115.[1468]Aug. 21, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 680. See above, vol. iii., p. 197, n. 1.[1469]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, pp. 380, 393. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 59sq.Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 209. From Schlaginhaufen’s “Aufzeichn.,” p. 132 f., June to Sept., 1532.[1470]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 113.[1471]Ib., 58, p. 26.[1472]Ib., p. 308.[1473]“Opp. lat. exeg.,” 18, p. 223, Expos. of Psalm xlv.[1474]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 159.[1475]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 1, in 1531.[1476]Ib., p. 84, May, 1532.[1477]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 45.[1478]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 452. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 110 f.[1479]Mathesius, “Historien,” p. 147´.[1480]Ib., p. 147.[1481]See above, vol. iv., p. 218 ff.[1482]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 209, and similarly, 58, p. 385.[1483]Ib., 58, p. 397.[1484]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 52sq.[1485]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 26, p. 155; Erl. ed., 26², p. 296. “Von der Widdertauffe.” In this passage he tries to prove that the text: “He who believes and is baptised shall be saved” (Mk. xvi. 16), could not be quoted in favour of re-baptism; the person baptising could not be certain that the adults brought faith with them to baptism, nor could the adult catechumen always be certain he had the faith.[1486]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 40, p. 325 f., in 1530.[1487]According to the MS. in the Vatican Library (Palat. 1825, fol. 117): “Dum (conscientia mala) præteritum peccatum non potest mutare et iram futuram nullo modo vitare, necesse est, ut, quocunque vertatur, angustetur et tribuletur; nec ab his angustiis liberatur, nisi per sanguinem Christi, quem si per fidem intuita fuerit, credit et intelligit, peccata sua in eo abluta et ablata esse. Sic per fidem purificatur simul et quietatur, ut iam nec pœnas formidet præ gaudio remissionis peccatorum. Ad hanc igitur munditiam nulla lex, nulla opera et prorsus nihil nisi unicus sanguis Christi facere potest; ne ipse quidem, nisi cor hominis crediderit eum esse effusum in remissionem peccatorum.”—Fol. 117´: “Quæ (fides remissionis peccatorum) haberi non potest nisi in verbum Dei, quod prædicat nobis, sanguinem Christi effusum esse in remissionem peccatorum.”—Fol. 118: “Unde sequitur, quod hi qui meditantur Christi passionem, tantum ut compatiantur aut aliud quam fidem consequantur, prope infructuose et gentiliter meditantur.... Quo frequentius meditetur, eo plenius credatur, sanguinem Christi pro suis peccatis effusum. Hoc est enim bibere et manducare spiritualiter, scilicet hac fide in Christum impinguari et incorporari.”[1488]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 20², 2, p. 502 ff.[1489]Ib., p. 548 f.[1490]Ib., p. 547[1491]Ib., p. 573.[1492]Ib., p. 554. It is obvious that words such as: I do not believe as I ought, and: We cannot rise as high as we ought, may, in themselves, be taken in the best sense seeing they are to be met with even on the lips of saints. The prayer “Credo Domine, sed adiuva incredulitatem meam” was a usual one with the faithful, even the most devout. Nor was Luther alone in envying the children their pious faith (below, p. 369). These passages are, however, not the most characteristic of Luther’s faith and doubts, rather all those other sayings, for which he was first and solely responsible and which are placed in their true light by his theological doctrines, must be taken together. The plausible-sounding words given above may well be accepted as proofs of deep feeling, seeing they stand side by side with other strong expressions of his belief in certain central truths of Christianity. The longing for improvement may quite well have remained alive even though the spirit of faith frequently felt itself slighted.[1493]Ib., p. 549.[1494]Ib., p. 523.[1495]Ib., pp. 568 f., 571.[1496]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 209. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, pp. 92, 373.[1497]“Werke,”ib., p. 362.[1498]Ib., 59, p. 245.[1499]Ib., 57, p. 32.[1500]Ib., 58, p. 429.[1501]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 59, p. 242.[1502]See above, p. 133 ff.[1503]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, 1 ff. Cp. “Briefe,” 5, pp. 147 ff., 183.[1504]Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 9, in the same work.[1505]German Trans., Augsburg, 1843, p. 212.[1506]“Norma vitæ ad instituendas recte actiones,” Pragæ, 1685, p. 276. This very rare book has only been found in the Gymnasialbibliothek at Mariaschein in Bohemia.[1507]Op. cit., Pragæ, 1709, pars II., p. 39. “Erigebat illos [oculos] interdum hæresiarcha Lutherus ad cœlum, cum illud sub mortem scintillantibus stellis pulcherrime rutilaret; sed quia turpissimo voluptaum cœno animum gerebat immersum, simul ita dicebat: Quam pulchrum est, Martine, cœlum, sed non est pro te.” The passage occurs in connection with the Feast of the Ascension. The dialogue with Catherine was a later addition to the story.[1508]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 34, 2, p. 266; Erl. ed., 19², p. 76.[1509]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 411.[1510]Cp. Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 259.[1511]Ib., p. 246.[1512]Louis de Ponte (de la Puente), “Meditaciones,” 1605; Latin ed. of 1857, t. 2, p. 216.[1513]Cp. what Suarez says of habit: “Habitus quidem per se ac formaliter, seu facta suppositione, minuit libertatem, quia inclinando magis voluntatem ad alteram partem minuit indifferentiam eius; tamen moraliter et in ordine ad effectus morales non censetur minuere, quamdiu illa consuetudo libera ac voluntaria est, propter eandem rationem, quia dispositio libera, ut sic, non minuit liberum.” “Opp.” 4, Paris., 1856, p. 209, n. 16.[1514]See vol. iii., p. 430 ff.[1515]To Amsdorf, July 9, 1546, “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 5, p. 746.[1516]See vol. iii., p. 59 ff., particularly p. 70.[1517]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 25², p. 278 ff.[1518]P. 281.[1519]P. 282 f.[1520]P. 408.[1521]P. 409 f.[1522]P. 448.[1523]March 14, 1539: “mire me piget eius scripti, quod tam tenue et verbosum sit ... tempus et labor fuit ultra vires meas.” “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 115 f.[1524]Jan. 17, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 714.[1525]Jan. 26, 1545,ib., p. 720.[1526]May 7, 1544,ib., p. 736.[1527]Below, p. 383.[1528]May 7, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 737.[1529]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 131 ff.[1530]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 655, n. 3118.[1531]Druffel, “Kaiser Karl V und die Römische Kurie 1544-46,” in the “Abh. Bayr. Akad. der Wiss., hist. Kl.,” vol. 13, Abt. 2, p. 215. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 129 ff.[1532]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 176.[1533]Ib., p. 229.[1534]P. 230.[1535]P. 231.[1536]P. 233.[1537]P. 235 f.[1538]P. 242.[1539]P. 91, n. 6.[1540]See vol. iii., p. 234 f.[1541]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 662sq., n. 3123.[1542]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 661. In the same letter.[1543]For text see “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 461sq.; also in “Luthers Werke,” Walch’s ed., 17, p. 1422 ff.[1544]To Amsdorf, July 9, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 746.[1545]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 48.[1546]Ib., p. 68.[1547]Ib., p. 191.[1548]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 26, p. 530 f.; Erl. ed., 63, p. 271. Preface to Klingebeyls’ writing. Cp. an equally grotesque enumeration, above, vol. iv., p. 343.[1549]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 63, p. 403. Preface to his German writings (1539).[1550]Ib.[1551]Ib., p. 408. German Preface (1548, compiled from Luther’s own words).[1552]Ib., p. 412.[1553]Ib., p. 297 (1531).[1554]Ib., p. 369.[1555]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 157.[1556]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 10.[1557]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 48.[1558]Vol. iv., p. 329 ff.[1559]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 49.[1560]Schlaginhaufen,ib., p. 74.[1561]To Spalatin, Aug. 21, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 680.[1562]To the same, March 7, 1522, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 53, p. 110 (“Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 298).[1563]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 36, p. 452; Erl. ed., 18², p. 339, Sermon on Charity, 1532.[1564]Ib., Erl. ed., 59, p. 141 f.[1565]To Melanchthon, April 4, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 338.[1566]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 63, p. 127.[1567]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 363.[1568]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 173.[1569]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 139.[1570]Ib., from Veit Dietrich’s collection.[1571]“Enarratio in Ps. xlv.,” “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 18, p. 223sq.[1572]July 10, 1518, to Wenceslaus Link, “Briefwechsel,” 1, p. 211.[1573]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 10, 2, p. 229 f.; Erl. ed., 28, p. 347.[1574]Ib., p. 107=144.[1575]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 560.[1576]Cp. Janssen, “History of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 218.[1577]“Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 386. After Oct. 24, 1545.[1578]P. 402.[1579]P. 391.[1580]P. 401.[1581]See vol. iv., p. 68 f.[1582]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 417.[1583]Above, p. 83.[1584]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 396 ff. See above, p. 260 f., on the difference between Luther’s doctrine on the Sacrament and that of Melanchthon.[1585]P. 415.[1586]We may compare this with some other true remarks of Luther’s: “It is the way with all heretics to tamper first with only one article and then gradually to deny all.” After a comparison with the ring which on the slightest break ceases to be a ring, and the bell which ever so small a crack makes to lose its sound, he proceeds: “You may say: ‘Dear Luther, it is to be hoped ... that God will not be so severe and cruel as to damn men on account of one article if they faithfully keep all the rest.’ For this is the way not only that the heretics console themselves, but also other sinners.... In reply to this we must say that it cannot be hoped that God will overlook His poor, blind, wretched creatures’ behaving so madly and proudly towards their Creator and Lord.” He insists that “it is impossible to deny or blaspheme a single word without thereby accusing the Divine revelation of falsehood” (p. 419). The heretics are, according to him, godless fools whom God “will some day judge much more severely,” because they have His Word on their lips.[1587]P. 397.[1588]P. 404.[1589]P. 402.[1590]To Martin Bucer, Oct. 14, 1539, “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 260: “salutabis Dn. Ioannem Sturmium et Iohannem Calvinum reverenter, quorum libellos cum singulari voluptate legi.” Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 577. See below, p. 401.[1591]F. Loofs, “Leitfaden der DG.,”4p. 881.[1592]Feb. 26, 1540, “Calvini opp.,” 11 (“Corp. ref.,” p. 24: “Si inter se comparantur, scis ipse, quanto intervallo Lutherus excellat.”) Calvin finds fault namely with Zwingli’s “profane doctrine” of the sacraments. “Calvini opp.,” 11, p. 438. Loofs, “DG.,”4p. 881.[1593]Loofs,ib., p. 887.[1594]He writes of the treatment of the Catholics in England: that all the Catholics who had risen in rebellion against Edward VI and refused to give up their superstition “méritent bien d’être réprimés par le glaive qui vous est commis, vu qu’ils s’attaquent, non seulement au roi, mais à Dieu.” “Opp.,” 13 (“Corp. ref.,” 41), p. 68. W. Möller, “Lehrb. der KG.,” 3³, ed. G. Kawerau, 1907, p. 188, and still better, N. Paulus, “Protestantismus und Toleranz,” p. 250.[1595]“DG.,”4p. 889.[1596]It is known only from Calvin’s letter, Nov. 20, 1539, “Opp.,” 10 (“Corp. ref.,” 38), p. 432. Cp. Enders-Kawerau, “Luthers Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 261.[1597]To Bucer, “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 260. Above, p. 399, n. 4.[1598]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 603 f., which also contains an account of Luther’s remarks.[1599]“Jesus Christ nous donne en la cene la propre substance de son corps et son sang.” “Opp.” 5 (“Corp. ref.” 33), p. 440.[1600]Loofs,ib., p. 890 f., from the “Institutio,” l. 4, c. 17, n. 32, “Opp.,” 2 (“Corp. ref.,” 30), p. 1033: “quamvis in nos non ingrediatur ipsa Christi caro.”[1601]“Opp. Calvini,” 7 (“Corp. ref.,” 35), p. 689sq.Cp. Möller-Kawerau,³ p. 185.[1602]For Josel and the efforts referred to, see Reinhold Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” Berlin, 1910 (“Neue Studien zur Gesch. der Theol. und der Kirche,” ed. N. Bonwetsch and R. Seeberg, 10), p. 62 f.—Luther to Josel, June 11, 1537, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 186, also in Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 419 (“Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 240).[1603]“Opp. lat. exeg.,” 3, p. 227; cp. 4, p. 46. Lewin,ib., p. 73.[1604]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 31, p. 417 ff.[1605]Kawerau, “Briefwechsel des Justus Jonas,” 1, p. 322.[1606]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 23, p. 276. “Die drei Symbola,” printed 1538, written early in 1537.[1607]Lewin,ib., p. 66. Cp. Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 419.[1608]Lewin,ib., p. 74.[1609]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 99 ff. and 275 ff.[1610]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 252, in “Von den Jüden.”[1611]Ib.[1612]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 177 f., “Von den Jüden.” The rest of the passage (“that Bible only should you explore,” etc.) is given in vol. iv., p. 285 f., where we had to quote some of the above writings against the Jews in describing Luther’s mode of controversy and the violence of his angry language. Cp. also vol. iii., p. 270. Since in the selection of these passages the object was to show to what depths Luther could descend, it is hardly necessary to point out that the passages quoted are about the strongest to be met with in these two works, the remainder being written in a somewhat calmer and more seemly vein.[1613]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 141. “Von den Jüden.”[1614]Ib., p. 342 f. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1615]Ib., p. 282. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1616]Cp. vol. iv., p. 285 f.[1617]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 298. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1618]Ib., p. 224. “Von den Jüden.”[1619]Ib., p. 226. “Von den Jüden.”[1620]Ib., p. 285 f. “Vom Scham Hamphoras.”[1621]Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” p. 103.[1622]Ib., p. 104.[1623]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 120. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. pp. 182 and 230, and Lewin, p. 92.[1624]P. 182. “Von den Jüden.”[1625]Enders, “Luthers Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 242.[1626]Cp. above, vol. iv., p. 325 f. Lenz, “Briefwechsel Philipps von Hessen mit Bucer,” 2, p. 224, and Lewin,ib., p. 98. The latter, though a Rabbi, does not mind letting his opponents, Luther included, speak for themselves.—Bullinger in the letter in question says of Luther’s third writing against the Jews, viz. his “On the Last Words of David”: “Everyone must be astonished at the harsh and presumptuous spirit of the man so haughtily displayed in the ‘Last Words of David.’ That such a theologian, after having arrived at his years, should be guilty of such extravagant acts and writings is a matter that can only be left to the just Judgment of God. The opinion of posterity will be that Luther was not only a man, but a man ruled by criminal passions.”[1627]Cp. above, p. 115, and vol. iv., p. 325. Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 262 f.[1628]Lewin,ib., p. 99 f.[1629]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 291 ff., 296, 305.[1630]Ib., p. 308. On the indecent meaning of ‘Scham Hamperes,’ see above, p. 406.[1631]P. 309.[1632]For further particulars, see Lewin,op. cit., p. 86.[1633]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 11, p. 314 ff.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 45 ff.[1634]Sermon of Feb. 14, 1524,ib., 15, p. 447=65, p. 125 f.: He would “tell them that He [Christ] was a man like any other man, sent by God”; after this he would lead the would-be converts further. Lewin,ib., p. 36.[1635]Lewin,ib., p. 31.[1636]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 11, p. 309 f.; Kawerau, “Briefwechsel des Jonas,” 1, p. 92 f.[1637]P. 36.[1638]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 196. Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 131. In both the passage begins: “Should I again baptise a Jew,” thus pointing to an unfortunate experience of Luther’s own, which is related more in detail in Schlaginhaufen’s report. In the corresponding passage in “Colloq.,” ed., Bindseil, 1, p. 460, we read further: “sicut fecit ille, qui hic Wittebergæ baptizabatur.”[1639]Passages in Lewin,ib., p. 91.[1640]Ib., p. 57.[1641]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 296.[1642]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 100. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. the quotations given by Lewin, p. 89, n. 3.[1643]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 44, p. 363 ff. Sermon of Sept. 25, 1539.[1644]Hausrath, “Luthers Leben,” 2, p. 442. But cp. p. 445.[1645]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 259. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. above, vol. iv., p. 265.[1646]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 303. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1647]“To the venerable brothers at Venice, Vicenza, and Treviso,” June 13, 1543, “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 5, p. 569: “Mundus, Turca, Iudaeus, Papa furunt blasphemando nomen Domini, vastando regnum eius,” etc.[1648]Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” p. 45, ns. 2, 3, 4. Cp. the “murderers’ den” in “Werke,” Erl. ed., 26, p. 40.[1649]Lewin,ib., p. 77.[1650]Ib., p. 72. In “Vom Schem Hamphoras.” See above, p. 406.[1651]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 37, p. 1 ff.[1652]Ib., p. 3.[1653]P. 6 f.[1654]P. 11.[1655]P. 104.[1656]“Corp, ref.,” 5, p. 164sq.Lewin,op. cit., p. 106.[1657]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 89.[1658]Ib., p. 87.[1659]Ib., p. 80.[1660]Ib., p. 92.[1661]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 301 f. Winter of 1542-43.[1662]Ib., p. 149. June, 1540.[1663]“Versor iam in transferendo libro qui vocatur Confutatio Alcorani Mahumetis. Deus bone, quanta est ira tua super ecclesiam, sed maxime contra Turcam et Mahumetem! Superat fidem bestialitas Mahumetis.” To Jakob Probst, March 26, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 452.
[1432]From Veit Dietrich’s MS. Notes, in Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 516.[1433]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 97.[1434]To Wenceslaus Link, July 14, 1528, “Briefwechsel,” 6, p. 301.[1435]To Hier. Weller, July (?) 1530,ib., 8, p. 160.[1436]Ib.[1437]To Wenceslaus Link, in the passage quoted under n. 7; above, p. 339.[1438]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 176, from Veit Dietrich.[1439]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 11, Nov. to Dec., 1531. Same in Veit Dietrich. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 47.[1440]Schlaginhaufen,ib.[1441]To Hier. Weller, June 19, 1530, “Briefwechsel,” 8, p. 5.[1442]Schlaginhaufen,ib., pp. 9, 88. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 316. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 52, p. 24 f.[1443]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 99.[1444]See vol. iii., p. 13 ff.; vol. iv., pp. 413 ff., 440 ff., 444, 448.[1445]Above, vol. iv., p. 398 ff.[1446]Above, vol. iv., p. 403 ff.[1447]Ib., pp. 404 f., 410 ff., 414 f.[1448]Above, vol. iii., pp. 8 ff., 18 ff., and below, xxxiv., 1.[1449]The “Süddeutsche Blätter f. Kirche u. freies Christentum” (1911, No. 24) appealed, as against the deposition of Pastor Jatho by the Spruchkollegium of Berlin, to Luther’s words in the above writing: “In this matter, i.e. in judging of doctrine, deposing teachers or those holding a cure of souls, we must pay no heed to human regulations and laws, to ancient custom and usage, etc. ... the soul must be ruled and gripped only by the Eternal Word.” “It is high time,” adds the Editor, “for us again to call to mind that view of faith which gives to the soul and the conscience that sacred and inalienable right to which every man has a claim”; he also points out, again appealing to Luther, the “impossible state of things” to which any compulsion exercised under plea of the Creed must lead, of which each of the twelve judges of the Spruchkollegium has a different opinion. “It is admittedly allowable to deviate to a certain extent from the Confession of the Church. In this case, however, the judges suddenly turn on a man and say: But not so far as this. The question is: How far then may one go?”[1450]“Süddeutsche Bl.,”ib.[1451]See above, vol. iv., p. 441.[1452]Vol. i., pp. 92, 203 f., 213, 231 f.; vol. ii., pp. 232 ff., 286 ff.; vol. iv., p. 434 f.[1453]Vol. i., p. 187 ff.; vol. ii., pp. 268 ff., 291.[1454]Vol. ii., p. 397 ff.; vol. iv., p. 526 f., etc.[1455]Khummer, in Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 73. For Khummer’s Notes (which end in 1554) see Kroker, Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. xxii., and Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” Introduction, p. ix. f.—Cp. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 219.[1456]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 128, in 1538.—Cp. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 229sq.[1457]Lauterbach,ib., p. 81 (1538). Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 374.[1458]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 313. Cp. “Historien,” p. 147´.[1459]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 79. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 103: “That I eat and drink and am at times merry and a good boon companion,” etc[1460]“Ego non intelligo nec possum credere, et omnes apostoli crediderunt” (even before the descent of the Holy Ghost).[1461]See above, p. 241 ff.[1462]Dec. 8, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 514 f.[1463]May 5, 1541, “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 328.[1464]To Jakob Probst, Dec. 5, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 703. Above, p. 226 ff.[1465]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 360.[1466]To Count Albert of Mansfeld, Dec. 8, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 513.[1467]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 115.[1468]Aug. 21, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 680. See above, vol. iii., p. 197, n. 1.[1469]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, pp. 380, 393. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 59sq.Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 209. From Schlaginhaufen’s “Aufzeichn.,” p. 132 f., June to Sept., 1532.[1470]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 113.[1471]Ib., 58, p. 26.[1472]Ib., p. 308.[1473]“Opp. lat. exeg.,” 18, p. 223, Expos. of Psalm xlv.[1474]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 159.[1475]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 1, in 1531.[1476]Ib., p. 84, May, 1532.[1477]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 45.[1478]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 452. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 110 f.[1479]Mathesius, “Historien,” p. 147´.[1480]Ib., p. 147.[1481]See above, vol. iv., p. 218 ff.[1482]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 209, and similarly, 58, p. 385.[1483]Ib., 58, p. 397.[1484]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 52sq.[1485]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 26, p. 155; Erl. ed., 26², p. 296. “Von der Widdertauffe.” In this passage he tries to prove that the text: “He who believes and is baptised shall be saved” (Mk. xvi. 16), could not be quoted in favour of re-baptism; the person baptising could not be certain that the adults brought faith with them to baptism, nor could the adult catechumen always be certain he had the faith.[1486]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 40, p. 325 f., in 1530.[1487]According to the MS. in the Vatican Library (Palat. 1825, fol. 117): “Dum (conscientia mala) præteritum peccatum non potest mutare et iram futuram nullo modo vitare, necesse est, ut, quocunque vertatur, angustetur et tribuletur; nec ab his angustiis liberatur, nisi per sanguinem Christi, quem si per fidem intuita fuerit, credit et intelligit, peccata sua in eo abluta et ablata esse. Sic per fidem purificatur simul et quietatur, ut iam nec pœnas formidet præ gaudio remissionis peccatorum. Ad hanc igitur munditiam nulla lex, nulla opera et prorsus nihil nisi unicus sanguis Christi facere potest; ne ipse quidem, nisi cor hominis crediderit eum esse effusum in remissionem peccatorum.”—Fol. 117´: “Quæ (fides remissionis peccatorum) haberi non potest nisi in verbum Dei, quod prædicat nobis, sanguinem Christi effusum esse in remissionem peccatorum.”—Fol. 118: “Unde sequitur, quod hi qui meditantur Christi passionem, tantum ut compatiantur aut aliud quam fidem consequantur, prope infructuose et gentiliter meditantur.... Quo frequentius meditetur, eo plenius credatur, sanguinem Christi pro suis peccatis effusum. Hoc est enim bibere et manducare spiritualiter, scilicet hac fide in Christum impinguari et incorporari.”[1488]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 20², 2, p. 502 ff.[1489]Ib., p. 548 f.[1490]Ib., p. 547[1491]Ib., p. 573.[1492]Ib., p. 554. It is obvious that words such as: I do not believe as I ought, and: We cannot rise as high as we ought, may, in themselves, be taken in the best sense seeing they are to be met with even on the lips of saints. The prayer “Credo Domine, sed adiuva incredulitatem meam” was a usual one with the faithful, even the most devout. Nor was Luther alone in envying the children their pious faith (below, p. 369). These passages are, however, not the most characteristic of Luther’s faith and doubts, rather all those other sayings, for which he was first and solely responsible and which are placed in their true light by his theological doctrines, must be taken together. The plausible-sounding words given above may well be accepted as proofs of deep feeling, seeing they stand side by side with other strong expressions of his belief in certain central truths of Christianity. The longing for improvement may quite well have remained alive even though the spirit of faith frequently felt itself slighted.[1493]Ib., p. 549.[1494]Ib., p. 523.[1495]Ib., pp. 568 f., 571.[1496]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 209. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, pp. 92, 373.[1497]“Werke,”ib., p. 362.[1498]Ib., 59, p. 245.[1499]Ib., 57, p. 32.[1500]Ib., 58, p. 429.[1501]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 59, p. 242.[1502]See above, p. 133 ff.[1503]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, 1 ff. Cp. “Briefe,” 5, pp. 147 ff., 183.[1504]Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 9, in the same work.[1505]German Trans., Augsburg, 1843, p. 212.[1506]“Norma vitæ ad instituendas recte actiones,” Pragæ, 1685, p. 276. This very rare book has only been found in the Gymnasialbibliothek at Mariaschein in Bohemia.[1507]Op. cit., Pragæ, 1709, pars II., p. 39. “Erigebat illos [oculos] interdum hæresiarcha Lutherus ad cœlum, cum illud sub mortem scintillantibus stellis pulcherrime rutilaret; sed quia turpissimo voluptaum cœno animum gerebat immersum, simul ita dicebat: Quam pulchrum est, Martine, cœlum, sed non est pro te.” The passage occurs in connection with the Feast of the Ascension. The dialogue with Catherine was a later addition to the story.[1508]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 34, 2, p. 266; Erl. ed., 19², p. 76.[1509]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 411.[1510]Cp. Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 259.[1511]Ib., p. 246.[1512]Louis de Ponte (de la Puente), “Meditaciones,” 1605; Latin ed. of 1857, t. 2, p. 216.[1513]Cp. what Suarez says of habit: “Habitus quidem per se ac formaliter, seu facta suppositione, minuit libertatem, quia inclinando magis voluntatem ad alteram partem minuit indifferentiam eius; tamen moraliter et in ordine ad effectus morales non censetur minuere, quamdiu illa consuetudo libera ac voluntaria est, propter eandem rationem, quia dispositio libera, ut sic, non minuit liberum.” “Opp.” 4, Paris., 1856, p. 209, n. 16.[1514]See vol. iii., p. 430 ff.[1515]To Amsdorf, July 9, 1546, “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 5, p. 746.[1516]See vol. iii., p. 59 ff., particularly p. 70.[1517]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 25², p. 278 ff.[1518]P. 281.[1519]P. 282 f.[1520]P. 408.[1521]P. 409 f.[1522]P. 448.[1523]March 14, 1539: “mire me piget eius scripti, quod tam tenue et verbosum sit ... tempus et labor fuit ultra vires meas.” “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 115 f.[1524]Jan. 17, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 714.[1525]Jan. 26, 1545,ib., p. 720.[1526]May 7, 1544,ib., p. 736.[1527]Below, p. 383.[1528]May 7, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 737.[1529]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 131 ff.[1530]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 655, n. 3118.[1531]Druffel, “Kaiser Karl V und die Römische Kurie 1544-46,” in the “Abh. Bayr. Akad. der Wiss., hist. Kl.,” vol. 13, Abt. 2, p. 215. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 129 ff.[1532]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 176.[1533]Ib., p. 229.[1534]P. 230.[1535]P. 231.[1536]P. 233.[1537]P. 235 f.[1538]P. 242.[1539]P. 91, n. 6.[1540]See vol. iii., p. 234 f.[1541]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 662sq., n. 3123.[1542]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 661. In the same letter.[1543]For text see “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 461sq.; also in “Luthers Werke,” Walch’s ed., 17, p. 1422 ff.[1544]To Amsdorf, July 9, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 746.[1545]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 48.[1546]Ib., p. 68.[1547]Ib., p. 191.[1548]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 26, p. 530 f.; Erl. ed., 63, p. 271. Preface to Klingebeyls’ writing. Cp. an equally grotesque enumeration, above, vol. iv., p. 343.[1549]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 63, p. 403. Preface to his German writings (1539).[1550]Ib.[1551]Ib., p. 408. German Preface (1548, compiled from Luther’s own words).[1552]Ib., p. 412.[1553]Ib., p. 297 (1531).[1554]Ib., p. 369.[1555]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 157.[1556]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 10.[1557]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 48.[1558]Vol. iv., p. 329 ff.[1559]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 49.[1560]Schlaginhaufen,ib., p. 74.[1561]To Spalatin, Aug. 21, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 680.[1562]To the same, March 7, 1522, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 53, p. 110 (“Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 298).[1563]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 36, p. 452; Erl. ed., 18², p. 339, Sermon on Charity, 1532.[1564]Ib., Erl. ed., 59, p. 141 f.[1565]To Melanchthon, April 4, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 338.[1566]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 63, p. 127.[1567]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 363.[1568]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 173.[1569]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 139.[1570]Ib., from Veit Dietrich’s collection.[1571]“Enarratio in Ps. xlv.,” “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 18, p. 223sq.[1572]July 10, 1518, to Wenceslaus Link, “Briefwechsel,” 1, p. 211.[1573]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 10, 2, p. 229 f.; Erl. ed., 28, p. 347.[1574]Ib., p. 107=144.[1575]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 560.[1576]Cp. Janssen, “History of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 218.[1577]“Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 386. After Oct. 24, 1545.[1578]P. 402.[1579]P. 391.[1580]P. 401.[1581]See vol. iv., p. 68 f.[1582]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 417.[1583]Above, p. 83.[1584]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 396 ff. See above, p. 260 f., on the difference between Luther’s doctrine on the Sacrament and that of Melanchthon.[1585]P. 415.[1586]We may compare this with some other true remarks of Luther’s: “It is the way with all heretics to tamper first with only one article and then gradually to deny all.” After a comparison with the ring which on the slightest break ceases to be a ring, and the bell which ever so small a crack makes to lose its sound, he proceeds: “You may say: ‘Dear Luther, it is to be hoped ... that God will not be so severe and cruel as to damn men on account of one article if they faithfully keep all the rest.’ For this is the way not only that the heretics console themselves, but also other sinners.... In reply to this we must say that it cannot be hoped that God will overlook His poor, blind, wretched creatures’ behaving so madly and proudly towards their Creator and Lord.” He insists that “it is impossible to deny or blaspheme a single word without thereby accusing the Divine revelation of falsehood” (p. 419). The heretics are, according to him, godless fools whom God “will some day judge much more severely,” because they have His Word on their lips.[1587]P. 397.[1588]P. 404.[1589]P. 402.[1590]To Martin Bucer, Oct. 14, 1539, “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 260: “salutabis Dn. Ioannem Sturmium et Iohannem Calvinum reverenter, quorum libellos cum singulari voluptate legi.” Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 577. See below, p. 401.[1591]F. Loofs, “Leitfaden der DG.,”4p. 881.[1592]Feb. 26, 1540, “Calvini opp.,” 11 (“Corp. ref.,” p. 24: “Si inter se comparantur, scis ipse, quanto intervallo Lutherus excellat.”) Calvin finds fault namely with Zwingli’s “profane doctrine” of the sacraments. “Calvini opp.,” 11, p. 438. Loofs, “DG.,”4p. 881.[1593]Loofs,ib., p. 887.[1594]He writes of the treatment of the Catholics in England: that all the Catholics who had risen in rebellion against Edward VI and refused to give up their superstition “méritent bien d’être réprimés par le glaive qui vous est commis, vu qu’ils s’attaquent, non seulement au roi, mais à Dieu.” “Opp.,” 13 (“Corp. ref.,” 41), p. 68. W. Möller, “Lehrb. der KG.,” 3³, ed. G. Kawerau, 1907, p. 188, and still better, N. Paulus, “Protestantismus und Toleranz,” p. 250.[1595]“DG.,”4p. 889.[1596]It is known only from Calvin’s letter, Nov. 20, 1539, “Opp.,” 10 (“Corp. ref.,” 38), p. 432. Cp. Enders-Kawerau, “Luthers Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 261.[1597]To Bucer, “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 260. Above, p. 399, n. 4.[1598]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 603 f., which also contains an account of Luther’s remarks.[1599]“Jesus Christ nous donne en la cene la propre substance de son corps et son sang.” “Opp.” 5 (“Corp. ref.” 33), p. 440.[1600]Loofs,ib., p. 890 f., from the “Institutio,” l. 4, c. 17, n. 32, “Opp.,” 2 (“Corp. ref.,” 30), p. 1033: “quamvis in nos non ingrediatur ipsa Christi caro.”[1601]“Opp. Calvini,” 7 (“Corp. ref.,” 35), p. 689sq.Cp. Möller-Kawerau,³ p. 185.[1602]For Josel and the efforts referred to, see Reinhold Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” Berlin, 1910 (“Neue Studien zur Gesch. der Theol. und der Kirche,” ed. N. Bonwetsch and R. Seeberg, 10), p. 62 f.—Luther to Josel, June 11, 1537, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 186, also in Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 419 (“Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 240).[1603]“Opp. lat. exeg.,” 3, p. 227; cp. 4, p. 46. Lewin,ib., p. 73.[1604]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 31, p. 417 ff.[1605]Kawerau, “Briefwechsel des Justus Jonas,” 1, p. 322.[1606]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 23, p. 276. “Die drei Symbola,” printed 1538, written early in 1537.[1607]Lewin,ib., p. 66. Cp. Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 419.[1608]Lewin,ib., p. 74.[1609]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 99 ff. and 275 ff.[1610]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 252, in “Von den Jüden.”[1611]Ib.[1612]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 177 f., “Von den Jüden.” The rest of the passage (“that Bible only should you explore,” etc.) is given in vol. iv., p. 285 f., where we had to quote some of the above writings against the Jews in describing Luther’s mode of controversy and the violence of his angry language. Cp. also vol. iii., p. 270. Since in the selection of these passages the object was to show to what depths Luther could descend, it is hardly necessary to point out that the passages quoted are about the strongest to be met with in these two works, the remainder being written in a somewhat calmer and more seemly vein.[1613]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 141. “Von den Jüden.”[1614]Ib., p. 342 f. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1615]Ib., p. 282. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1616]Cp. vol. iv., p. 285 f.[1617]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 298. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1618]Ib., p. 224. “Von den Jüden.”[1619]Ib., p. 226. “Von den Jüden.”[1620]Ib., p. 285 f. “Vom Scham Hamphoras.”[1621]Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” p. 103.[1622]Ib., p. 104.[1623]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 120. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. pp. 182 and 230, and Lewin, p. 92.[1624]P. 182. “Von den Jüden.”[1625]Enders, “Luthers Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 242.[1626]Cp. above, vol. iv., p. 325 f. Lenz, “Briefwechsel Philipps von Hessen mit Bucer,” 2, p. 224, and Lewin,ib., p. 98. The latter, though a Rabbi, does not mind letting his opponents, Luther included, speak for themselves.—Bullinger in the letter in question says of Luther’s third writing against the Jews, viz. his “On the Last Words of David”: “Everyone must be astonished at the harsh and presumptuous spirit of the man so haughtily displayed in the ‘Last Words of David.’ That such a theologian, after having arrived at his years, should be guilty of such extravagant acts and writings is a matter that can only be left to the just Judgment of God. The opinion of posterity will be that Luther was not only a man, but a man ruled by criminal passions.”[1627]Cp. above, p. 115, and vol. iv., p. 325. Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 262 f.[1628]Lewin,ib., p. 99 f.[1629]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 291 ff., 296, 305.[1630]Ib., p. 308. On the indecent meaning of ‘Scham Hamperes,’ see above, p. 406.[1631]P. 309.[1632]For further particulars, see Lewin,op. cit., p. 86.[1633]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 11, p. 314 ff.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 45 ff.[1634]Sermon of Feb. 14, 1524,ib., 15, p. 447=65, p. 125 f.: He would “tell them that He [Christ] was a man like any other man, sent by God”; after this he would lead the would-be converts further. Lewin,ib., p. 36.[1635]Lewin,ib., p. 31.[1636]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 11, p. 309 f.; Kawerau, “Briefwechsel des Jonas,” 1, p. 92 f.[1637]P. 36.[1638]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 196. Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 131. In both the passage begins: “Should I again baptise a Jew,” thus pointing to an unfortunate experience of Luther’s own, which is related more in detail in Schlaginhaufen’s report. In the corresponding passage in “Colloq.,” ed., Bindseil, 1, p. 460, we read further: “sicut fecit ille, qui hic Wittebergæ baptizabatur.”[1639]Passages in Lewin,ib., p. 91.[1640]Ib., p. 57.[1641]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 296.[1642]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 100. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. the quotations given by Lewin, p. 89, n. 3.[1643]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 44, p. 363 ff. Sermon of Sept. 25, 1539.[1644]Hausrath, “Luthers Leben,” 2, p. 442. But cp. p. 445.[1645]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 259. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. above, vol. iv., p. 265.[1646]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 303. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1647]“To the venerable brothers at Venice, Vicenza, and Treviso,” June 13, 1543, “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 5, p. 569: “Mundus, Turca, Iudaeus, Papa furunt blasphemando nomen Domini, vastando regnum eius,” etc.[1648]Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” p. 45, ns. 2, 3, 4. Cp. the “murderers’ den” in “Werke,” Erl. ed., 26, p. 40.[1649]Lewin,ib., p. 77.[1650]Ib., p. 72. In “Vom Schem Hamphoras.” See above, p. 406.[1651]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 37, p. 1 ff.[1652]Ib., p. 3.[1653]P. 6 f.[1654]P. 11.[1655]P. 104.[1656]“Corp, ref.,” 5, p. 164sq.Lewin,op. cit., p. 106.[1657]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 89.[1658]Ib., p. 87.[1659]Ib., p. 80.[1660]Ib., p. 92.[1661]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 301 f. Winter of 1542-43.[1662]Ib., p. 149. June, 1540.[1663]“Versor iam in transferendo libro qui vocatur Confutatio Alcorani Mahumetis. Deus bone, quanta est ira tua super ecclesiam, sed maxime contra Turcam et Mahumetem! Superat fidem bestialitas Mahumetis.” To Jakob Probst, March 26, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 452.
[1432]From Veit Dietrich’s MS. Notes, in Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 516.[1433]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 97.[1434]To Wenceslaus Link, July 14, 1528, “Briefwechsel,” 6, p. 301.[1435]To Hier. Weller, July (?) 1530,ib., 8, p. 160.[1436]Ib.[1437]To Wenceslaus Link, in the passage quoted under n. 7; above, p. 339.[1438]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 176, from Veit Dietrich.[1439]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 11, Nov. to Dec., 1531. Same in Veit Dietrich. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 47.[1440]Schlaginhaufen,ib.[1441]To Hier. Weller, June 19, 1530, “Briefwechsel,” 8, p. 5.[1442]Schlaginhaufen,ib., pp. 9, 88. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 316. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 52, p. 24 f.[1443]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 99.[1444]See vol. iii., p. 13 ff.; vol. iv., pp. 413 ff., 440 ff., 444, 448.[1445]Above, vol. iv., p. 398 ff.[1446]Above, vol. iv., p. 403 ff.[1447]Ib., pp. 404 f., 410 ff., 414 f.[1448]Above, vol. iii., pp. 8 ff., 18 ff., and below, xxxiv., 1.[1449]The “Süddeutsche Blätter f. Kirche u. freies Christentum” (1911, No. 24) appealed, as against the deposition of Pastor Jatho by the Spruchkollegium of Berlin, to Luther’s words in the above writing: “In this matter, i.e. in judging of doctrine, deposing teachers or those holding a cure of souls, we must pay no heed to human regulations and laws, to ancient custom and usage, etc. ... the soul must be ruled and gripped only by the Eternal Word.” “It is high time,” adds the Editor, “for us again to call to mind that view of faith which gives to the soul and the conscience that sacred and inalienable right to which every man has a claim”; he also points out, again appealing to Luther, the “impossible state of things” to which any compulsion exercised under plea of the Creed must lead, of which each of the twelve judges of the Spruchkollegium has a different opinion. “It is admittedly allowable to deviate to a certain extent from the Confession of the Church. In this case, however, the judges suddenly turn on a man and say: But not so far as this. The question is: How far then may one go?”[1450]“Süddeutsche Bl.,”ib.[1451]See above, vol. iv., p. 441.[1452]Vol. i., pp. 92, 203 f., 213, 231 f.; vol. ii., pp. 232 ff., 286 ff.; vol. iv., p. 434 f.[1453]Vol. i., p. 187 ff.; vol. ii., pp. 268 ff., 291.[1454]Vol. ii., p. 397 ff.; vol. iv., p. 526 f., etc.[1455]Khummer, in Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 73. For Khummer’s Notes (which end in 1554) see Kroker, Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. xxii., and Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” Introduction, p. ix. f.—Cp. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 219.[1456]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 128, in 1538.—Cp. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 229sq.[1457]Lauterbach,ib., p. 81 (1538). Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 374.[1458]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 313. Cp. “Historien,” p. 147´.[1459]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 79. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 103: “That I eat and drink and am at times merry and a good boon companion,” etc[1460]“Ego non intelligo nec possum credere, et omnes apostoli crediderunt” (even before the descent of the Holy Ghost).[1461]See above, p. 241 ff.[1462]Dec. 8, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 514 f.[1463]May 5, 1541, “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 328.[1464]To Jakob Probst, Dec. 5, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 703. Above, p. 226 ff.[1465]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 360.[1466]To Count Albert of Mansfeld, Dec. 8, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 513.[1467]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 115.[1468]Aug. 21, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 680. See above, vol. iii., p. 197, n. 1.[1469]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, pp. 380, 393. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 59sq.Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 209. From Schlaginhaufen’s “Aufzeichn.,” p. 132 f., June to Sept., 1532.[1470]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 113.[1471]Ib., 58, p. 26.[1472]Ib., p. 308.[1473]“Opp. lat. exeg.,” 18, p. 223, Expos. of Psalm xlv.[1474]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 159.[1475]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 1, in 1531.[1476]Ib., p. 84, May, 1532.[1477]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 45.[1478]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 452. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 110 f.[1479]Mathesius, “Historien,” p. 147´.[1480]Ib., p. 147.[1481]See above, vol. iv., p. 218 ff.[1482]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 209, and similarly, 58, p. 385.[1483]Ib., 58, p. 397.[1484]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 52sq.[1485]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 26, p. 155; Erl. ed., 26², p. 296. “Von der Widdertauffe.” In this passage he tries to prove that the text: “He who believes and is baptised shall be saved” (Mk. xvi. 16), could not be quoted in favour of re-baptism; the person baptising could not be certain that the adults brought faith with them to baptism, nor could the adult catechumen always be certain he had the faith.[1486]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 40, p. 325 f., in 1530.[1487]According to the MS. in the Vatican Library (Palat. 1825, fol. 117): “Dum (conscientia mala) præteritum peccatum non potest mutare et iram futuram nullo modo vitare, necesse est, ut, quocunque vertatur, angustetur et tribuletur; nec ab his angustiis liberatur, nisi per sanguinem Christi, quem si per fidem intuita fuerit, credit et intelligit, peccata sua in eo abluta et ablata esse. Sic per fidem purificatur simul et quietatur, ut iam nec pœnas formidet præ gaudio remissionis peccatorum. Ad hanc igitur munditiam nulla lex, nulla opera et prorsus nihil nisi unicus sanguis Christi facere potest; ne ipse quidem, nisi cor hominis crediderit eum esse effusum in remissionem peccatorum.”—Fol. 117´: “Quæ (fides remissionis peccatorum) haberi non potest nisi in verbum Dei, quod prædicat nobis, sanguinem Christi effusum esse in remissionem peccatorum.”—Fol. 118: “Unde sequitur, quod hi qui meditantur Christi passionem, tantum ut compatiantur aut aliud quam fidem consequantur, prope infructuose et gentiliter meditantur.... Quo frequentius meditetur, eo plenius credatur, sanguinem Christi pro suis peccatis effusum. Hoc est enim bibere et manducare spiritualiter, scilicet hac fide in Christum impinguari et incorporari.”[1488]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 20², 2, p. 502 ff.[1489]Ib., p. 548 f.[1490]Ib., p. 547[1491]Ib., p. 573.[1492]Ib., p. 554. It is obvious that words such as: I do not believe as I ought, and: We cannot rise as high as we ought, may, in themselves, be taken in the best sense seeing they are to be met with even on the lips of saints. The prayer “Credo Domine, sed adiuva incredulitatem meam” was a usual one with the faithful, even the most devout. Nor was Luther alone in envying the children their pious faith (below, p. 369). These passages are, however, not the most characteristic of Luther’s faith and doubts, rather all those other sayings, for which he was first and solely responsible and which are placed in their true light by his theological doctrines, must be taken together. The plausible-sounding words given above may well be accepted as proofs of deep feeling, seeing they stand side by side with other strong expressions of his belief in certain central truths of Christianity. The longing for improvement may quite well have remained alive even though the spirit of faith frequently felt itself slighted.[1493]Ib., p. 549.[1494]Ib., p. 523.[1495]Ib., pp. 568 f., 571.[1496]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 209. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, pp. 92, 373.[1497]“Werke,”ib., p. 362.[1498]Ib., 59, p. 245.[1499]Ib., 57, p. 32.[1500]Ib., 58, p. 429.[1501]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 59, p. 242.[1502]See above, p. 133 ff.[1503]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, 1 ff. Cp. “Briefe,” 5, pp. 147 ff., 183.[1504]Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 9, in the same work.[1505]German Trans., Augsburg, 1843, p. 212.[1506]“Norma vitæ ad instituendas recte actiones,” Pragæ, 1685, p. 276. This very rare book has only been found in the Gymnasialbibliothek at Mariaschein in Bohemia.[1507]Op. cit., Pragæ, 1709, pars II., p. 39. “Erigebat illos [oculos] interdum hæresiarcha Lutherus ad cœlum, cum illud sub mortem scintillantibus stellis pulcherrime rutilaret; sed quia turpissimo voluptaum cœno animum gerebat immersum, simul ita dicebat: Quam pulchrum est, Martine, cœlum, sed non est pro te.” The passage occurs in connection with the Feast of the Ascension. The dialogue with Catherine was a later addition to the story.[1508]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 34, 2, p. 266; Erl. ed., 19², p. 76.[1509]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 411.[1510]Cp. Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 259.[1511]Ib., p. 246.[1512]Louis de Ponte (de la Puente), “Meditaciones,” 1605; Latin ed. of 1857, t. 2, p. 216.[1513]Cp. what Suarez says of habit: “Habitus quidem per se ac formaliter, seu facta suppositione, minuit libertatem, quia inclinando magis voluntatem ad alteram partem minuit indifferentiam eius; tamen moraliter et in ordine ad effectus morales non censetur minuere, quamdiu illa consuetudo libera ac voluntaria est, propter eandem rationem, quia dispositio libera, ut sic, non minuit liberum.” “Opp.” 4, Paris., 1856, p. 209, n. 16.[1514]See vol. iii., p. 430 ff.[1515]To Amsdorf, July 9, 1546, “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 5, p. 746.[1516]See vol. iii., p. 59 ff., particularly p. 70.[1517]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 25², p. 278 ff.[1518]P. 281.[1519]P. 282 f.[1520]P. 408.[1521]P. 409 f.[1522]P. 448.[1523]March 14, 1539: “mire me piget eius scripti, quod tam tenue et verbosum sit ... tempus et labor fuit ultra vires meas.” “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 115 f.[1524]Jan. 17, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 714.[1525]Jan. 26, 1545,ib., p. 720.[1526]May 7, 1544,ib., p. 736.[1527]Below, p. 383.[1528]May 7, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 737.[1529]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 131 ff.[1530]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 655, n. 3118.[1531]Druffel, “Kaiser Karl V und die Römische Kurie 1544-46,” in the “Abh. Bayr. Akad. der Wiss., hist. Kl.,” vol. 13, Abt. 2, p. 215. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 129 ff.[1532]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 176.[1533]Ib., p. 229.[1534]P. 230.[1535]P. 231.[1536]P. 233.[1537]P. 235 f.[1538]P. 242.[1539]P. 91, n. 6.[1540]See vol. iii., p. 234 f.[1541]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 662sq., n. 3123.[1542]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 661. In the same letter.[1543]For text see “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 461sq.; also in “Luthers Werke,” Walch’s ed., 17, p. 1422 ff.[1544]To Amsdorf, July 9, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 746.[1545]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 48.[1546]Ib., p. 68.[1547]Ib., p. 191.[1548]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 26, p. 530 f.; Erl. ed., 63, p. 271. Preface to Klingebeyls’ writing. Cp. an equally grotesque enumeration, above, vol. iv., p. 343.[1549]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 63, p. 403. Preface to his German writings (1539).[1550]Ib.[1551]Ib., p. 408. German Preface (1548, compiled from Luther’s own words).[1552]Ib., p. 412.[1553]Ib., p. 297 (1531).[1554]Ib., p. 369.[1555]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 157.[1556]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 10.[1557]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 48.[1558]Vol. iv., p. 329 ff.[1559]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 49.[1560]Schlaginhaufen,ib., p. 74.[1561]To Spalatin, Aug. 21, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 680.[1562]To the same, March 7, 1522, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 53, p. 110 (“Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 298).[1563]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 36, p. 452; Erl. ed., 18², p. 339, Sermon on Charity, 1532.[1564]Ib., Erl. ed., 59, p. 141 f.[1565]To Melanchthon, April 4, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 338.[1566]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 63, p. 127.[1567]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 363.[1568]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 173.[1569]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 139.[1570]Ib., from Veit Dietrich’s collection.[1571]“Enarratio in Ps. xlv.,” “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 18, p. 223sq.[1572]July 10, 1518, to Wenceslaus Link, “Briefwechsel,” 1, p. 211.[1573]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 10, 2, p. 229 f.; Erl. ed., 28, p. 347.[1574]Ib., p. 107=144.[1575]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 560.[1576]Cp. Janssen, “History of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 218.[1577]“Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 386. After Oct. 24, 1545.[1578]P. 402.[1579]P. 391.[1580]P. 401.[1581]See vol. iv., p. 68 f.[1582]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 417.[1583]Above, p. 83.[1584]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 396 ff. See above, p. 260 f., on the difference between Luther’s doctrine on the Sacrament and that of Melanchthon.[1585]P. 415.[1586]We may compare this with some other true remarks of Luther’s: “It is the way with all heretics to tamper first with only one article and then gradually to deny all.” After a comparison with the ring which on the slightest break ceases to be a ring, and the bell which ever so small a crack makes to lose its sound, he proceeds: “You may say: ‘Dear Luther, it is to be hoped ... that God will not be so severe and cruel as to damn men on account of one article if they faithfully keep all the rest.’ For this is the way not only that the heretics console themselves, but also other sinners.... In reply to this we must say that it cannot be hoped that God will overlook His poor, blind, wretched creatures’ behaving so madly and proudly towards their Creator and Lord.” He insists that “it is impossible to deny or blaspheme a single word without thereby accusing the Divine revelation of falsehood” (p. 419). The heretics are, according to him, godless fools whom God “will some day judge much more severely,” because they have His Word on their lips.[1587]P. 397.[1588]P. 404.[1589]P. 402.[1590]To Martin Bucer, Oct. 14, 1539, “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 260: “salutabis Dn. Ioannem Sturmium et Iohannem Calvinum reverenter, quorum libellos cum singulari voluptate legi.” Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 577. See below, p. 401.[1591]F. Loofs, “Leitfaden der DG.,”4p. 881.[1592]Feb. 26, 1540, “Calvini opp.,” 11 (“Corp. ref.,” p. 24: “Si inter se comparantur, scis ipse, quanto intervallo Lutherus excellat.”) Calvin finds fault namely with Zwingli’s “profane doctrine” of the sacraments. “Calvini opp.,” 11, p. 438. Loofs, “DG.,”4p. 881.[1593]Loofs,ib., p. 887.[1594]He writes of the treatment of the Catholics in England: that all the Catholics who had risen in rebellion against Edward VI and refused to give up their superstition “méritent bien d’être réprimés par le glaive qui vous est commis, vu qu’ils s’attaquent, non seulement au roi, mais à Dieu.” “Opp.,” 13 (“Corp. ref.,” 41), p. 68. W. Möller, “Lehrb. der KG.,” 3³, ed. G. Kawerau, 1907, p. 188, and still better, N. Paulus, “Protestantismus und Toleranz,” p. 250.[1595]“DG.,”4p. 889.[1596]It is known only from Calvin’s letter, Nov. 20, 1539, “Opp.,” 10 (“Corp. ref.,” 38), p. 432. Cp. Enders-Kawerau, “Luthers Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 261.[1597]To Bucer, “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 260. Above, p. 399, n. 4.[1598]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 603 f., which also contains an account of Luther’s remarks.[1599]“Jesus Christ nous donne en la cene la propre substance de son corps et son sang.” “Opp.” 5 (“Corp. ref.” 33), p. 440.[1600]Loofs,ib., p. 890 f., from the “Institutio,” l. 4, c. 17, n. 32, “Opp.,” 2 (“Corp. ref.,” 30), p. 1033: “quamvis in nos non ingrediatur ipsa Christi caro.”[1601]“Opp. Calvini,” 7 (“Corp. ref.,” 35), p. 689sq.Cp. Möller-Kawerau,³ p. 185.[1602]For Josel and the efforts referred to, see Reinhold Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” Berlin, 1910 (“Neue Studien zur Gesch. der Theol. und der Kirche,” ed. N. Bonwetsch and R. Seeberg, 10), p. 62 f.—Luther to Josel, June 11, 1537, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 186, also in Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 419 (“Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 240).[1603]“Opp. lat. exeg.,” 3, p. 227; cp. 4, p. 46. Lewin,ib., p. 73.[1604]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 31, p. 417 ff.[1605]Kawerau, “Briefwechsel des Justus Jonas,” 1, p. 322.[1606]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 23, p. 276. “Die drei Symbola,” printed 1538, written early in 1537.[1607]Lewin,ib., p. 66. Cp. Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 419.[1608]Lewin,ib., p. 74.[1609]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 99 ff. and 275 ff.[1610]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 252, in “Von den Jüden.”[1611]Ib.[1612]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 177 f., “Von den Jüden.” The rest of the passage (“that Bible only should you explore,” etc.) is given in vol. iv., p. 285 f., where we had to quote some of the above writings against the Jews in describing Luther’s mode of controversy and the violence of his angry language. Cp. also vol. iii., p. 270. Since in the selection of these passages the object was to show to what depths Luther could descend, it is hardly necessary to point out that the passages quoted are about the strongest to be met with in these two works, the remainder being written in a somewhat calmer and more seemly vein.[1613]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 141. “Von den Jüden.”[1614]Ib., p. 342 f. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1615]Ib., p. 282. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1616]Cp. vol. iv., p. 285 f.[1617]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 298. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1618]Ib., p. 224. “Von den Jüden.”[1619]Ib., p. 226. “Von den Jüden.”[1620]Ib., p. 285 f. “Vom Scham Hamphoras.”[1621]Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” p. 103.[1622]Ib., p. 104.[1623]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 120. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. pp. 182 and 230, and Lewin, p. 92.[1624]P. 182. “Von den Jüden.”[1625]Enders, “Luthers Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 242.[1626]Cp. above, vol. iv., p. 325 f. Lenz, “Briefwechsel Philipps von Hessen mit Bucer,” 2, p. 224, and Lewin,ib., p. 98. The latter, though a Rabbi, does not mind letting his opponents, Luther included, speak for themselves.—Bullinger in the letter in question says of Luther’s third writing against the Jews, viz. his “On the Last Words of David”: “Everyone must be astonished at the harsh and presumptuous spirit of the man so haughtily displayed in the ‘Last Words of David.’ That such a theologian, after having arrived at his years, should be guilty of such extravagant acts and writings is a matter that can only be left to the just Judgment of God. The opinion of posterity will be that Luther was not only a man, but a man ruled by criminal passions.”[1627]Cp. above, p. 115, and vol. iv., p. 325. Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 262 f.[1628]Lewin,ib., p. 99 f.[1629]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 291 ff., 296, 305.[1630]Ib., p. 308. On the indecent meaning of ‘Scham Hamperes,’ see above, p. 406.[1631]P. 309.[1632]For further particulars, see Lewin,op. cit., p. 86.[1633]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 11, p. 314 ff.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 45 ff.[1634]Sermon of Feb. 14, 1524,ib., 15, p. 447=65, p. 125 f.: He would “tell them that He [Christ] was a man like any other man, sent by God”; after this he would lead the would-be converts further. Lewin,ib., p. 36.[1635]Lewin,ib., p. 31.[1636]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 11, p. 309 f.; Kawerau, “Briefwechsel des Jonas,” 1, p. 92 f.[1637]P. 36.[1638]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 196. Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 131. In both the passage begins: “Should I again baptise a Jew,” thus pointing to an unfortunate experience of Luther’s own, which is related more in detail in Schlaginhaufen’s report. In the corresponding passage in “Colloq.,” ed., Bindseil, 1, p. 460, we read further: “sicut fecit ille, qui hic Wittebergæ baptizabatur.”[1639]Passages in Lewin,ib., p. 91.[1640]Ib., p. 57.[1641]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 296.[1642]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 100. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. the quotations given by Lewin, p. 89, n. 3.[1643]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 44, p. 363 ff. Sermon of Sept. 25, 1539.[1644]Hausrath, “Luthers Leben,” 2, p. 442. But cp. p. 445.[1645]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 259. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. above, vol. iv., p. 265.[1646]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 303. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”[1647]“To the venerable brothers at Venice, Vicenza, and Treviso,” June 13, 1543, “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 5, p. 569: “Mundus, Turca, Iudaeus, Papa furunt blasphemando nomen Domini, vastando regnum eius,” etc.[1648]Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” p. 45, ns. 2, 3, 4. Cp. the “murderers’ den” in “Werke,” Erl. ed., 26, p. 40.[1649]Lewin,ib., p. 77.[1650]Ib., p. 72. In “Vom Schem Hamphoras.” See above, p. 406.[1651]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 37, p. 1 ff.[1652]Ib., p. 3.[1653]P. 6 f.[1654]P. 11.[1655]P. 104.[1656]“Corp, ref.,” 5, p. 164sq.Lewin,op. cit., p. 106.[1657]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 89.[1658]Ib., p. 87.[1659]Ib., p. 80.[1660]Ib., p. 92.[1661]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 301 f. Winter of 1542-43.[1662]Ib., p. 149. June, 1540.[1663]“Versor iam in transferendo libro qui vocatur Confutatio Alcorani Mahumetis. Deus bone, quanta est ira tua super ecclesiam, sed maxime contra Turcam et Mahumetem! Superat fidem bestialitas Mahumetis.” To Jakob Probst, March 26, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 452.
[1432]From Veit Dietrich’s MS. Notes, in Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 516.
[1433]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 97.
[1434]To Wenceslaus Link, July 14, 1528, “Briefwechsel,” 6, p. 301.
[1435]To Hier. Weller, July (?) 1530,ib., 8, p. 160.
[1436]Ib.
[1437]To Wenceslaus Link, in the passage quoted under n. 7; above, p. 339.
[1438]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 176, from Veit Dietrich.
[1439]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 11, Nov. to Dec., 1531. Same in Veit Dietrich. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 47.
[1440]Schlaginhaufen,ib.
[1441]To Hier. Weller, June 19, 1530, “Briefwechsel,” 8, p. 5.
[1442]Schlaginhaufen,ib., pp. 9, 88. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 316. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 52, p. 24 f.
[1443]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 99.
[1444]See vol. iii., p. 13 ff.; vol. iv., pp. 413 ff., 440 ff., 444, 448.
[1445]Above, vol. iv., p. 398 ff.
[1446]Above, vol. iv., p. 403 ff.
[1447]Ib., pp. 404 f., 410 ff., 414 f.
[1448]Above, vol. iii., pp. 8 ff., 18 ff., and below, xxxiv., 1.
[1449]The “Süddeutsche Blätter f. Kirche u. freies Christentum” (1911, No. 24) appealed, as against the deposition of Pastor Jatho by the Spruchkollegium of Berlin, to Luther’s words in the above writing: “In this matter, i.e. in judging of doctrine, deposing teachers or those holding a cure of souls, we must pay no heed to human regulations and laws, to ancient custom and usage, etc. ... the soul must be ruled and gripped only by the Eternal Word.” “It is high time,” adds the Editor, “for us again to call to mind that view of faith which gives to the soul and the conscience that sacred and inalienable right to which every man has a claim”; he also points out, again appealing to Luther, the “impossible state of things” to which any compulsion exercised under plea of the Creed must lead, of which each of the twelve judges of the Spruchkollegium has a different opinion. “It is admittedly allowable to deviate to a certain extent from the Confession of the Church. In this case, however, the judges suddenly turn on a man and say: But not so far as this. The question is: How far then may one go?”
[1450]“Süddeutsche Bl.,”ib.
[1451]See above, vol. iv., p. 441.
[1452]Vol. i., pp. 92, 203 f., 213, 231 f.; vol. ii., pp. 232 ff., 286 ff.; vol. iv., p. 434 f.
[1453]Vol. i., p. 187 ff.; vol. ii., pp. 268 ff., 291.
[1454]Vol. ii., p. 397 ff.; vol. iv., p. 526 f., etc.
[1455]Khummer, in Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 73. For Khummer’s Notes (which end in 1554) see Kroker, Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. xxii., and Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” Introduction, p. ix. f.—Cp. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 219.
[1456]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 128, in 1538.—Cp. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 2, p. 229sq.
[1457]Lauterbach,ib., p. 81 (1538). Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 374.
[1458]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 313. Cp. “Historien,” p. 147´.
[1459]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 79. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 103: “That I eat and drink and am at times merry and a good boon companion,” etc
[1460]“Ego non intelligo nec possum credere, et omnes apostoli crediderunt” (even before the descent of the Holy Ghost).
[1461]See above, p. 241 ff.
[1462]Dec. 8, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 514 f.
[1463]May 5, 1541, “Briefwechsel,” 13, p. 328.
[1464]To Jakob Probst, Dec. 5, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 703. Above, p. 226 ff.
[1465]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 360.
[1466]To Count Albert of Mansfeld, Dec. 8, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 513.
[1467]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 115.
[1468]Aug. 21, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 680. See above, vol. iii., p. 197, n. 1.
[1469]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, pp. 380, 393. “Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 1, p. 59sq.Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 209. From Schlaginhaufen’s “Aufzeichn.,” p. 132 f., June to Sept., 1532.
[1470]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 113.
[1471]Ib., 58, p. 26.
[1472]Ib., p. 308.
[1473]“Opp. lat. exeg.,” 18, p. 223, Expos. of Psalm xlv.
[1474]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, p. 159.
[1475]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 1, in 1531.
[1476]Ib., p. 84, May, 1532.
[1477]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 45.
[1478]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 452. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 60, p. 110 f.
[1479]Mathesius, “Historien,” p. 147´.
[1480]Ib., p. 147.
[1481]See above, vol. iv., p. 218 ff.
[1482]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 57, p. 209, and similarly, 58, p. 385.
[1483]Ib., 58, p. 397.
[1484]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 52sq.
[1485]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 26, p. 155; Erl. ed., 26², p. 296. “Von der Widdertauffe.” In this passage he tries to prove that the text: “He who believes and is baptised shall be saved” (Mk. xvi. 16), could not be quoted in favour of re-baptism; the person baptising could not be certain that the adults brought faith with them to baptism, nor could the adult catechumen always be certain he had the faith.
[1486]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 40, p. 325 f., in 1530.
[1487]According to the MS. in the Vatican Library (Palat. 1825, fol. 117): “Dum (conscientia mala) præteritum peccatum non potest mutare et iram futuram nullo modo vitare, necesse est, ut, quocunque vertatur, angustetur et tribuletur; nec ab his angustiis liberatur, nisi per sanguinem Christi, quem si per fidem intuita fuerit, credit et intelligit, peccata sua in eo abluta et ablata esse. Sic per fidem purificatur simul et quietatur, ut iam nec pœnas formidet præ gaudio remissionis peccatorum. Ad hanc igitur munditiam nulla lex, nulla opera et prorsus nihil nisi unicus sanguis Christi facere potest; ne ipse quidem, nisi cor hominis crediderit eum esse effusum in remissionem peccatorum.”—Fol. 117´: “Quæ (fides remissionis peccatorum) haberi non potest nisi in verbum Dei, quod prædicat nobis, sanguinem Christi effusum esse in remissionem peccatorum.”—Fol. 118: “Unde sequitur, quod hi qui meditantur Christi passionem, tantum ut compatiantur aut aliud quam fidem consequantur, prope infructuose et gentiliter meditantur.... Quo frequentius meditetur, eo plenius credatur, sanguinem Christi pro suis peccatis effusum. Hoc est enim bibere et manducare spiritualiter, scilicet hac fide in Christum impinguari et incorporari.”
[1488]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 20², 2, p. 502 ff.
[1489]Ib., p. 548 f.
[1490]Ib., p. 547
[1491]Ib., p. 573.
[1492]Ib., p. 554. It is obvious that words such as: I do not believe as I ought, and: We cannot rise as high as we ought, may, in themselves, be taken in the best sense seeing they are to be met with even on the lips of saints. The prayer “Credo Domine, sed adiuva incredulitatem meam” was a usual one with the faithful, even the most devout. Nor was Luther alone in envying the children their pious faith (below, p. 369). These passages are, however, not the most characteristic of Luther’s faith and doubts, rather all those other sayings, for which he was first and solely responsible and which are placed in their true light by his theological doctrines, must be taken together. The plausible-sounding words given above may well be accepted as proofs of deep feeling, seeing they stand side by side with other strong expressions of his belief in certain central truths of Christianity. The longing for improvement may quite well have remained alive even though the spirit of faith frequently felt itself slighted.
[1493]Ib., p. 549.
[1494]Ib., p. 523.
[1495]Ib., pp. 568 f., 571.
[1496]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 209. Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 58, pp. 92, 373.
[1497]“Werke,”ib., p. 362.
[1498]Ib., 59, p. 245.
[1499]Ib., 57, p. 32.
[1500]Ib., 58, p. 429.
[1501]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 59, p. 242.
[1502]See above, p. 133 ff.
[1503]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, 1 ff. Cp. “Briefe,” 5, pp. 147 ff., 183.
[1504]Cp. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 9, in the same work.
[1505]German Trans., Augsburg, 1843, p. 212.
[1506]“Norma vitæ ad instituendas recte actiones,” Pragæ, 1685, p. 276. This very rare book has only been found in the Gymnasialbibliothek at Mariaschein in Bohemia.
[1507]Op. cit., Pragæ, 1709, pars II., p. 39. “Erigebat illos [oculos] interdum hæresiarcha Lutherus ad cœlum, cum illud sub mortem scintillantibus stellis pulcherrime rutilaret; sed quia turpissimo voluptaum cœno animum gerebat immersum, simul ita dicebat: Quam pulchrum est, Martine, cœlum, sed non est pro te.” The passage occurs in connection with the Feast of the Ascension. The dialogue with Catherine was a later addition to the story.
[1508]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 34, 2, p. 266; Erl. ed., 19², p. 76.
[1509]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 411.
[1510]Cp. Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 259.
[1511]Ib., p. 246.
[1512]Louis de Ponte (de la Puente), “Meditaciones,” 1605; Latin ed. of 1857, t. 2, p. 216.
[1513]Cp. what Suarez says of habit: “Habitus quidem per se ac formaliter, seu facta suppositione, minuit libertatem, quia inclinando magis voluntatem ad alteram partem minuit indifferentiam eius; tamen moraliter et in ordine ad effectus morales non censetur minuere, quamdiu illa consuetudo libera ac voluntaria est, propter eandem rationem, quia dispositio libera, ut sic, non minuit liberum.” “Opp.” 4, Paris., 1856, p. 209, n. 16.
[1514]See vol. iii., p. 430 ff.
[1515]To Amsdorf, July 9, 1546, “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 5, p. 746.
[1516]See vol. iii., p. 59 ff., particularly p. 70.
[1517]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 25², p. 278 ff.
[1518]P. 281.
[1519]P. 282 f.
[1520]P. 408.
[1521]P. 409 f.
[1522]P. 448.
[1523]March 14, 1539: “mire me piget eius scripti, quod tam tenue et verbosum sit ... tempus et labor fuit ultra vires meas.” “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 115 f.
[1524]Jan. 17, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 714.
[1525]Jan. 26, 1545,ib., p. 720.
[1526]May 7, 1544,ib., p. 736.
[1527]Below, p. 383.
[1528]May 7, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 737.
[1529]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 131 ff.
[1530]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 655, n. 3118.
[1531]Druffel, “Kaiser Karl V und die Römische Kurie 1544-46,” in the “Abh. Bayr. Akad. der Wiss., hist. Kl.,” vol. 13, Abt. 2, p. 215. “Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 129 ff.
[1532]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 26², p. 176.
[1533]Ib., p. 229.
[1534]P. 230.
[1535]P. 231.
[1536]P. 233.
[1537]P. 235 f.
[1538]P. 242.
[1539]P. 91, n. 6.
[1540]See vol. iii., p. 234 f.
[1541]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 662sq., n. 3123.
[1542]“Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 661. In the same letter.
[1543]For text see “Corp. ref.,” 5, p. 461sq.; also in “Luthers Werke,” Walch’s ed., 17, p. 1422 ff.
[1544]To Amsdorf, July 9, 1545, “Briefe,” 5, p. 746.
[1545]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 48.
[1546]Ib., p. 68.
[1547]Ib., p. 191.
[1548]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 26, p. 530 f.; Erl. ed., 63, p. 271. Preface to Klingebeyls’ writing. Cp. an equally grotesque enumeration, above, vol. iv., p. 343.
[1549]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 63, p. 403. Preface to his German writings (1539).
[1550]Ib.
[1551]Ib., p. 408. German Preface (1548, compiled from Luther’s own words).
[1552]Ib., p. 412.
[1553]Ib., p. 297 (1531).
[1554]Ib., p. 369.
[1555]“Colloq.,” ed. Bindseil, 3, p. 157.
[1556]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 10.
[1557]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 48.
[1558]Vol. iv., p. 329 ff.
[1559]Mathesius, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 49.
[1560]Schlaginhaufen,ib., p. 74.
[1561]To Spalatin, Aug. 21, 1544, “Briefe,” 5, p. 680.
[1562]To the same, March 7, 1522, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 53, p. 110 (“Briefwechsel,” 3, p. 298).
[1563]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 36, p. 452; Erl. ed., 18², p. 339, Sermon on Charity, 1532.
[1564]Ib., Erl. ed., 59, p. 141 f.
[1565]To Melanchthon, April 4, 1541, “Briefe,” 5, p. 338.
[1566]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 63, p. 127.
[1567]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 363.
[1568]Lauterbach, “Tagebuch,” p. 173.
[1569]Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 139.
[1570]Ib., from Veit Dietrich’s collection.
[1571]“Enarratio in Ps. xlv.,” “Opp. lat. exeg.,” 18, p. 223sq.
[1572]July 10, 1518, to Wenceslaus Link, “Briefwechsel,” 1, p. 211.
[1573]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 10, 2, p. 229 f.; Erl. ed., 28, p. 347.
[1574]Ib., p. 107=144.
[1575]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 560.
[1576]Cp. Janssen, “History of the German People” (Engl. Trans.), vi., p. 218.
[1577]“Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 6, p. 386. After Oct. 24, 1545.
[1578]P. 402.
[1579]P. 391.
[1580]P. 401.
[1581]See vol. iv., p. 68 f.
[1582]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 417.
[1583]Above, p. 83.
[1584]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 396 ff. See above, p. 260 f., on the difference between Luther’s doctrine on the Sacrament and that of Melanchthon.
[1585]P. 415.
[1586]We may compare this with some other true remarks of Luther’s: “It is the way with all heretics to tamper first with only one article and then gradually to deny all.” After a comparison with the ring which on the slightest break ceases to be a ring, and the bell which ever so small a crack makes to lose its sound, he proceeds: “You may say: ‘Dear Luther, it is to be hoped ... that God will not be so severe and cruel as to damn men on account of one article if they faithfully keep all the rest.’ For this is the way not only that the heretics console themselves, but also other sinners.... In reply to this we must say that it cannot be hoped that God will overlook His poor, blind, wretched creatures’ behaving so madly and proudly towards their Creator and Lord.” He insists that “it is impossible to deny or blaspheme a single word without thereby accusing the Divine revelation of falsehood” (p. 419). The heretics are, according to him, godless fools whom God “will some day judge much more severely,” because they have His Word on their lips.
[1587]P. 397.
[1588]P. 404.
[1589]P. 402.
[1590]To Martin Bucer, Oct. 14, 1539, “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 260: “salutabis Dn. Ioannem Sturmium et Iohannem Calvinum reverenter, quorum libellos cum singulari voluptate legi.” Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 577. See below, p. 401.
[1591]F. Loofs, “Leitfaden der DG.,”4p. 881.
[1592]Feb. 26, 1540, “Calvini opp.,” 11 (“Corp. ref.,” p. 24: “Si inter se comparantur, scis ipse, quanto intervallo Lutherus excellat.”) Calvin finds fault namely with Zwingli’s “profane doctrine” of the sacraments. “Calvini opp.,” 11, p. 438. Loofs, “DG.,”4p. 881.
[1593]Loofs,ib., p. 887.
[1594]He writes of the treatment of the Catholics in England: that all the Catholics who had risen in rebellion against Edward VI and refused to give up their superstition “méritent bien d’être réprimés par le glaive qui vous est commis, vu qu’ils s’attaquent, non seulement au roi, mais à Dieu.” “Opp.,” 13 (“Corp. ref.,” 41), p. 68. W. Möller, “Lehrb. der KG.,” 3³, ed. G. Kawerau, 1907, p. 188, and still better, N. Paulus, “Protestantismus und Toleranz,” p. 250.
[1595]“DG.,”4p. 889.
[1596]It is known only from Calvin’s letter, Nov. 20, 1539, “Opp.,” 10 (“Corp. ref.,” 38), p. 432. Cp. Enders-Kawerau, “Luthers Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 261.
[1597]To Bucer, “Briefwechsel,” 12, p. 260. Above, p. 399, n. 4.
[1598]Köstlin-Kawerau, 2, p. 603 f., which also contains an account of Luther’s remarks.
[1599]“Jesus Christ nous donne en la cene la propre substance de son corps et son sang.” “Opp.” 5 (“Corp. ref.” 33), p. 440.
[1600]Loofs,ib., p. 890 f., from the “Institutio,” l. 4, c. 17, n. 32, “Opp.,” 2 (“Corp. ref.,” 30), p. 1033: “quamvis in nos non ingrediatur ipsa Christi caro.”
[1601]“Opp. Calvini,” 7 (“Corp. ref.,” 35), p. 689sq.Cp. Möller-Kawerau,³ p. 185.
[1602]For Josel and the efforts referred to, see Reinhold Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” Berlin, 1910 (“Neue Studien zur Gesch. der Theol. und der Kirche,” ed. N. Bonwetsch and R. Seeberg, 10), p. 62 f.—Luther to Josel, June 11, 1537, “Werke,” Erl. ed., 55, p. 186, also in Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 419 (“Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 240).
[1603]“Opp. lat. exeg.,” 3, p. 227; cp. 4, p. 46. Lewin,ib., p. 73.
[1604]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 31, p. 417 ff.
[1605]Kawerau, “Briefwechsel des Justus Jonas,” 1, p. 322.
[1606]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 23, p. 276. “Die drei Symbola,” printed 1538, written early in 1537.
[1607]Lewin,ib., p. 66. Cp. Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 419.
[1608]Lewin,ib., p. 74.
[1609]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, pp. 99 ff. and 275 ff.
[1610]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 252, in “Von den Jüden.”
[1611]Ib.
[1612]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 177 f., “Von den Jüden.” The rest of the passage (“that Bible only should you explore,” etc.) is given in vol. iv., p. 285 f., where we had to quote some of the above writings against the Jews in describing Luther’s mode of controversy and the violence of his angry language. Cp. also vol. iii., p. 270. Since in the selection of these passages the object was to show to what depths Luther could descend, it is hardly necessary to point out that the passages quoted are about the strongest to be met with in these two works, the remainder being written in a somewhat calmer and more seemly vein.
[1613]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 141. “Von den Jüden.”
[1614]Ib., p. 342 f. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”
[1615]Ib., p. 282. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”
[1616]Cp. vol. iv., p. 285 f.
[1617]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 298. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”
[1618]Ib., p. 224. “Von den Jüden.”
[1619]Ib., p. 226. “Von den Jüden.”
[1620]Ib., p. 285 f. “Vom Scham Hamphoras.”
[1621]Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” p. 103.
[1622]Ib., p. 104.
[1623]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 120. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. pp. 182 and 230, and Lewin, p. 92.
[1624]P. 182. “Von den Jüden.”
[1625]Enders, “Luthers Briefwechsel,” 11, p. 242.
[1626]Cp. above, vol. iv., p. 325 f. Lenz, “Briefwechsel Philipps von Hessen mit Bucer,” 2, p. 224, and Lewin,ib., p. 98. The latter, though a Rabbi, does not mind letting his opponents, Luther included, speak for themselves.—Bullinger in the letter in question says of Luther’s third writing against the Jews, viz. his “On the Last Words of David”: “Everyone must be astonished at the harsh and presumptuous spirit of the man so haughtily displayed in the ‘Last Words of David.’ That such a theologian, after having arrived at his years, should be guilty of such extravagant acts and writings is a matter that can only be left to the just Judgment of God. The opinion of posterity will be that Luther was not only a man, but a man ruled by criminal passions.”
[1627]Cp. above, p. 115, and vol. iv., p. 325. Döllinger, “Reformation,” 3, p. 262 f.
[1628]Lewin,ib., p. 99 f.
[1629]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 291 ff., 296, 305.
[1630]Ib., p. 308. On the indecent meaning of ‘Scham Hamperes,’ see above, p. 406.
[1631]P. 309.
[1632]For further particulars, see Lewin,op. cit., p. 86.
[1633]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 11, p. 314 ff.; Erl. ed., 29, p. 45 ff.
[1634]Sermon of Feb. 14, 1524,ib., 15, p. 447=65, p. 125 f.: He would “tell them that He [Christ] was a man like any other man, sent by God”; after this he would lead the would-be converts further. Lewin,ib., p. 36.
[1635]Lewin,ib., p. 31.
[1636]“Werke,” Weim. ed., 11, p. 309 f.; Kawerau, “Briefwechsel des Jonas,” 1, p. 92 f.
[1637]P. 36.
[1638]Cordatus, “Tagebuch,” p. 196. Schlaginhaufen, “Aufzeichn.,” p. 131. In both the passage begins: “Should I again baptise a Jew,” thus pointing to an unfortunate experience of Luther’s own, which is related more in detail in Schlaginhaufen’s report. In the corresponding passage in “Colloq.,” ed., Bindseil, 1, p. 460, we read further: “sicut fecit ille, qui hic Wittebergæ baptizabatur.”
[1639]Passages in Lewin,ib., p. 91.
[1640]Ib., p. 57.
[1641]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 296.
[1642]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 100. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. the quotations given by Lewin, p. 89, n. 3.
[1643]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 44, p. 363 ff. Sermon of Sept. 25, 1539.
[1644]Hausrath, “Luthers Leben,” 2, p. 442. But cp. p. 445.
[1645]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 259. “Von den Jüden.” Cp. above, vol. iv., p. 265.
[1646]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 303. “Vom Schem Hamphoras.”
[1647]“To the venerable brothers at Venice, Vicenza, and Treviso,” June 13, 1543, “Briefe,” ed. De Wette, 5, p. 569: “Mundus, Turca, Iudaeus, Papa furunt blasphemando nomen Domini, vastando regnum eius,” etc.
[1648]Lewin, “Luthers Stellung zu den Juden,” p. 45, ns. 2, 3, 4. Cp. the “murderers’ den” in “Werke,” Erl. ed., 26, p. 40.
[1649]Lewin,ib., p. 77.
[1650]Ib., p. 72. In “Vom Schem Hamphoras.” See above, p. 406.
[1651]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 37, p. 1 ff.
[1652]Ib., p. 3.
[1653]P. 6 f.
[1654]P. 11.
[1655]P. 104.
[1656]“Corp, ref.,” 5, p. 164sq.Lewin,op. cit., p. 106.
[1657]“Werke,” Erl. ed., 32, p. 89.
[1658]Ib., p. 87.
[1659]Ib., p. 80.
[1660]Ib., p. 92.
[1661]Mathesius, “Tischreden,” p. 301 f. Winter of 1542-43.
[1662]Ib., p. 149. June, 1540.
[1663]“Versor iam in transferendo libro qui vocatur Confutatio Alcorani Mahumetis. Deus bone, quanta est ira tua super ecclesiam, sed maxime contra Turcam et Mahumetem! Superat fidem bestialitas Mahumetis.” To Jakob Probst, March 26, 1542, “Briefe,” 5, p. 452.