VIVERRA TANGALUNGA Gray.

1895.Viverra tangalungaThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 490. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

Nine specimens from Bunguran. These agree in all respects with the Bornean animal.

1894.Tupaia splendidulaThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 656. September, 1894 (Bunguran).1893.Tupaia splendidula typicaThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

1894.Tupaia splendidulaThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 656. September, 1894 (Bunguran).

1893.Tupaia splendidula typicaThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

Two specimens from Bunguran.

1895.Tupaia splendidula lucidaThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 490. December, 1895 (Pulo Laut).

Seven specimens (two in alcohol) from Pulo Laut.

1894.Tupaia tanaThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 657. September, 1894 (Sirhassen).

Type.—Adult male (skin and skull) No. 104712 U. S. National Museum. Collected on Sirhassen Island, South Natunas, June 5, 1900. Original number 442.

Characters.—In general similar to Bornean specimens ofTupaia tana, but smaller (hind foot 47 instead of 52, greatest length of skull 55 instead of 60), gray markings on head and shoulders less distinct, and red of tail brighter. Rostral portion of skull less attenuate than inTupaia tana.

Color.—The color so exactly resembles that of the common BorneanTupaia tanaas to need no detailed description. Gray of head darkerthan in the Bornean animal and light shoulder markings less distinct and sharply defined. Under side of tail light orange-rufous, darkening to ferruginous toward edge. (InT. tanathese colors are replaced by dull ferruginous and hazel respectively.)

Skull and teeth.—The skull is throughout much smaller than in specimens ofTupaia tanafrom Borneo. In form it differs from that ofT. tanain less slender and elongate rostrum, narrower braincase and slightly shorter audital bullæ. Suborbital vacuity much broader than inT. tana. Teeth as in the Bornean animal.

Measurements.—External measurements of type: Total length 355; head and body 203; tail vertebræ 152; hind foot 46.4 (44). Average and extremes of four adults from the type locality: total length 367 (365-371); head and body 203; tail vertebræ 163 (162-168); hind foot 45.4 (44-46.6); hind foot without claws 42.5 (41-44).

Cranial measurements of type: greatest length 54.6 (61);[25]basal length 49 (54); basilar length 46.4 (51); median palatal length 48 (53); distance from lachrymal notch to tip of premaxillary 27.6 (31); least interorbital breadth 14.4 (16); zygomatic breadth 25 (28.4); mandible 38 (41); maxillary toothrow (behind diastema) 20 (21.4); mandibular toothrow (behind diastema) 17 (18).

Specimens examined.—Five, all from the type locality.

1894.Galeopithecus volansThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 657. September, 1894 (Bunguran and Sirhassen).

Two specimens from Sirhassen and two (one young in alcohol), from Bunguran. Also fœtus of one of the Sirhassen specimens.

Four specimens from Bunguran. These agree essentially with the Anamba animal, but show some slight cranial peculiarities.

Type.—Adult female (in alcohol) No. 104758 U. S. National Museum. Collected on Sirhassen Island, South Natunas, June 3, 1900.

Characters.—Similar toPipistrellus pipistrellus(Schreber) in size, color and external form, but skull with broader rostrum, and inner upper incisor without supplemental cusp.

Skull.—The skull is of the same size as that ofPipistrellus pipistrellus, but the braincase is narrower and more elongate, and the rostrum is very markedly shorter and broader. The great breadth of the anterior portion of the skull involves also the palate and interpterygoid space, both of which are noticeably wider than inPipistrellus pipistrellus. Audital bullæ slightly smaller than in the European species.

Teeth.—The teeth are essentially as inPipistrellus pipistrellus, except that the inner upper incisor lacks the small supplemental cusp. Mandibular teeth wider than those ofP. pipistrellus.

Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length 76; head and body 41; tail 33; tibia 14; foot 6; calcar 10; forearm 32.4; thumb 6; second digit 30; third digit 60; fourth digit 53; fifth digit 43; ear from meatus 11; ear from crown 9; width of ear 9.6; tragus (measured in front) 4.

Cranial measurements of type: greatest length 12.4 (12);[26]basal length 11.8 (11.6); basilar length 9 (9); zygomatic breadth 8.4 (8); least interorbital breadth 3.2 (3.2); greatest length of braincase 8 (7.6); greatest breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata 6.6 (6.6); mandible 8.8 (8.4); maxillary toothrow (exclusive of incisors) 4.2 (4.2); mandibular toothrow (exclusive of incisors) 4.8 (4.8).

Specimens examined.—Six (in alcohol), all from the type locality.

Remarks.—I am unable to identify this bat with any described species. Externally it is practically identical withPipistrellus pipistrellusexcept that the color, so far as can be judged from specimens preserved in alcohol, is more blackish. Internally it is readily distinguished by the characters of the skull and teeth. FromPipistrellus abramusit differs externally in smaller size, narrower ears, and in the absence of any unusual development of the penis. The incisors differ from those ofP. abramusin the same manner as from those ofP. pipistrellus.

Two specimens (one in alcohol) were collected on Sirhassen Island, June 6 and 7, 1900.

One badly damaged specimen from Bunguran appears to be referable to typicalRhinolophus affinis. The forearm cannot be measured, but the third finger is 75 mm. in length. Tibia 21, foot 10.4,ear from meatus 21. Ridge on muzzle beneath edge of nose leaf low, broad and hairy, not in the least suggesting a supplementary leaflet.

1894.Rhinolophus affinisThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 656. December, 1895 (Sirhassen).

Type.—Adult female (in alcohol) No. 104752 U. S. National Museum. Collected on Sirhassen Island, South Natunas, June, 1900.

Characters.—In general likeRhinolophus affinisbut much smaller. Color uniform tawny brown. Muzzle with distinct supplemental leaflets.

Muzzle.—Muzzle and noseleaf precisely as inRhinolophus affinis, except that the ridge on muzzle beneath edge of horseshoe is developed into a distinct supplemental leaflet resembling those present inHipposideros. In this respectRhinolophus spadixresembles the animal from Burmah referred by Thomas toRhinolophus rouxii;[27]but the terminal erect portion of the noseleaf is not shortened or in any way peculiar in form.

Ears.—The ears resemble those ofRhinolophus affinis, except that they are not as large.

Color.—Fur everywhere russet, slightly paler on ventral surface, darker and somewhat tinged with hazel above. Ears and membranes dark brown.

Skull and teeth.—The skull and teeth exactly resemble those of mainland specimens ofRhinolophus affinisexcept for their uniformly smaller size.

Measurements.—External measurements of type: total length, 70 (85[28]); tail 21 (23); tibia 17.6 (24); foot 8 (10); calcar 12 (13); forearm 43 (51); thumb 8 (8.6); second digit 32 (40); third digit 64 (77); fourth digit 53 (61); fifth digit 54 (63); ear from meatus 17 (20); ear from crown 14 (17); length of noseleaf from lip 13 (16); greatest width of noseleaf 8 (9).

Cranial measurements of type: greatest length 18 (23); basal length 16 (20.4); basilar length 14.6 (18); zygomatic breadth 9 (11); least interorbital breadth 2.4 (2.4); greatest length of braincase 10.4 (13); greatest breadth of braincase above roots of zygomata 8 (9.4); frontopalatal depth (at middle of molar series) 4 (4.8); depth of braincase 6 (7); mandible 11.8 (15); maxillary toothrow (exclusiveof incisor) 6.8 (9); mandibular toothrow (exclusive of incisors) 7 (9.8).

Specimens examined.—Three (one skin), all from the type locality.

Remarks.—Rhinolophus spadixis so readily distinguished from its relatives of theR. affinisgroup that it needs no special comparisons. It is a much smaller animal than the species from the Anambas that I recently referred toR. rouxii.[29]In color the latter is a dull brown not in the least resembling the russet ofR. spadix.

1894.Cynopterus marginatusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Sirhassen and Bunguran).1899.Cynopterus montanoiMatschie, Die Fledermäuse des Berliner Museums für Naturkunde, p. 75. August, 1899. (Natuna record ofC. marginatusplaced in synonymy ofC. montanoi.)

1894.Cynopterus marginatusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Sirhassen and Bunguran).

1899.Cynopterus montanoiMatschie, Die Fledermäuse des Berliner Museums für Naturkunde, p. 75. August, 1899. (Natuna record ofC. marginatusplaced in synonymy ofC. montanoi.)

Five specimens (three skins) from Sirhassen. These agree so closely with a skin and two bleached alcoholic specimens from Singapore, which I suppose to be the same as the MalaccanCynopterus montanoi, that without more material it is impossible to distinguish the Natuna animal from that of the southern extremity of the Malay Peninsula.Cynopterus montanoias thus understood differs fromC. angulatusMiller[30]of Lower Siam in its more slender skull and in the absence of the white border of the ear, and fromC. titthæcheilus(Temminck) of Sumatra and Java in its conspicuously smaller size.

1894.Pteropus vampyrusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Bunguran).1895.Pteropus vampyrusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

1894.Pteropus vampyrusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Bunguran).

1895.Pteropus vampyrusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

Six skins from Bunguran.

1894.Pteropus hypomelanusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Sirhassen).1895.Pteropus hypomelanusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Pulo Pandak, Pulo Panjang and Pulo Laut).

1894.Pteropus hypomelanusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Sirhassen).

1895.Pteropus hypomelanusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Pulo Pandak, Pulo Panjang and Pulo Laut).

Eight (one in alcohol) from Sirhassen and seven (one in alcohol) Pulo Laut. It is highly probable that these specimens represent a species distinct from the truePteropus hypomelanusof Ternate.

1894.Nycticebus tardigradusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Bunguran).1895.Nycticebus tardigradusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489 (Bunguran).

1894.Nycticebus tardigradusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 655. September, 1894 (Bunguran).

1895.Nycticebus tardigradusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489 (Bunguran).

One specimen from Bunguran.

1894.Macacus cynomolgusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 654. September, 1894 (Bunguran).1895.Macacus cynomolgusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

1894.Macacus cynomolgusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 654. September, 1894 (Bunguran).

1895.Macacus cynomolgusThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489. December, 1895 (Bunguran).

A specimen from each of the following islands: Sirhassen, Pulo Lingung and Pulo Laut.

Two monkeys from Sirhassen appear to be referable to this species.

1894.Semnopithecus natunæThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 652. September, 1894 (Bunguran).1895.Semnopithecus natunæThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489. (Bunguran.)

1894.Semnopithecus natunæThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 652. September, 1894 (Bunguran).

1895.Semnopithecus natunæThomasandHartert, Novitates Zoologicæ,II, p. 489. (Bunguran.)

Ten specimens from Bunguran.

FOOTNOTES:[1]For location of the Natuna Islands see Proc. Washington Acad. Sci.,II, p. 204. August 20, 1900.[2]Thomas (O.) and Hartert (E.). List of the first collection of mammals from the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ,I, pp. 652-660. September, 1894.Thomas (O.). Revised determinations of three of the Natuna rodents. Novitates Zoologicæ,II, pp. 26-28. February, 1895.Thomas (O.) and Hartert (E.). On a second collection of mammals from the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ,II, pp. 489-492. December, 1895.Bonhote (J. Lewis). On the squirrels of the Ratufa (Sciurus) bicolor group. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser.,V, pp. 490-499. June, 1900.Thomas (O.). The red flying squirrel of the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ,VII, p. 592. December 8, 1900.Bonhote (J. Lewis). On the Squirrels of the Sciurus Prevostii Group. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser.,VII, pp. 167-177. February, 1901.[3]Gray's "Notice of a species of Tupaia from Borneo, in the collection of the British Museum" in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1865 (p. 322) may be added to the bibliography of Natuna mammals, as the animal described, though supposed to have been taken in Borneo, is apparently confined to Bunguran Island, the largest of the Natunas.[4]Megaderma spasma,Myotis muricola,Taphozous melanopogon,Mydaus meliceps,Paradoxurus hermaphroditus,Lutra sumatranaandMus ephippium.[5]See papers already cited, also Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 468 (letter from Mr. Everett);ibid.,I, p. 483 (note on land shells by Mr. E. Smith),ibid.,II, p. 478 (Birds);ibid.,II, p. 499 (Reptiles).[6]Sitz.-Berich. der Gesellsch. Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1893, p. 224.[7]For the opportunity of examining the skull of an adult male from Balabac I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. D. G. Elliot. A photograph (slightly reduced) of this specimen was published by Mr. Elliot in 1896 (Field Columbian Museum, PublicationII, Zoological Series,I, No. 3, pl.XI, May, 1896).[8]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male topotype ofTragulus nigricans.[9]Measurements in parentheses are those of a less mature specimen from Bunguran.[10]Measurements in parentheses are those of a Tenasserim specimen (female) ofSus cristatusso young that the posterior molar is not fully in place.[11]Last molar not fully grown.[12]See Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,XIII, pl.IIIandIV.[13]Collector's measurement.[14]Measurements in parentheses are those of the type ofMus validus.[15]In the type ofMus müllerithe diastema is 12 mm.[16]Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser.,XIV, p. 450. December, 1894.[17]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male topotype ofSciurus tenuis.[18]Measurements in parentheses are those of an older specimen ofSciurus natunensisfrom Sirhassen.[19]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adultSciurus notatusfrom Borneo.[20]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult BorneanSciurus notatus.[21]Measurements in parentheses are those of the type ofRatufa melanopepla.[22]Teeth very much worn and many of them absent.[23]Measurements in parentheses are those of a young adultA. stigmaticafrom British North Borneo.[24]Tooth measurements are from a younger specimen (male) with perfect dentition.[25]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male BorneanTupaia tana.[26]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult skull ofPipistrellus pipistrellusfrom Switzerland.[27]Ann. Mus. Civ. di Storia Nat. di Genova, Ser. 2,X, p. 923, pl.XI, 1892.[28]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult femaleRhinolophus affinisfrom Trong, Lower Siam.[29]Proc. Washington Acad. Sci.,II, p. 234. August 20, 1900.[30]Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1898, p. 316. July, 1898.

FOOTNOTES:

[1]For location of the Natuna Islands see Proc. Washington Acad. Sci.,II, p. 204. August 20, 1900.

[2]Thomas (O.) and Hartert (E.). List of the first collection of mammals from the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ,I, pp. 652-660. September, 1894.Thomas (O.). Revised determinations of three of the Natuna rodents. Novitates Zoologicæ,II, pp. 26-28. February, 1895.Thomas (O.) and Hartert (E.). On a second collection of mammals from the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ,II, pp. 489-492. December, 1895.Bonhote (J. Lewis). On the squirrels of the Ratufa (Sciurus) bicolor group. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser.,V, pp. 490-499. June, 1900.Thomas (O.). The red flying squirrel of the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ,VII, p. 592. December 8, 1900.Bonhote (J. Lewis). On the Squirrels of the Sciurus Prevostii Group. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser.,VII, pp. 167-177. February, 1901.

[2]Thomas (O.) and Hartert (E.). List of the first collection of mammals from the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ,I, pp. 652-660. September, 1894.

Thomas (O.). Revised determinations of three of the Natuna rodents. Novitates Zoologicæ,II, pp. 26-28. February, 1895.

Thomas (O.) and Hartert (E.). On a second collection of mammals from the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ,II, pp. 489-492. December, 1895.

Bonhote (J. Lewis). On the squirrels of the Ratufa (Sciurus) bicolor group. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser.,V, pp. 490-499. June, 1900.

Thomas (O.). The red flying squirrel of the Natuna Islands. Novitates Zoologicæ,VII, p. 592. December 8, 1900.

Bonhote (J. Lewis). On the Squirrels of the Sciurus Prevostii Group. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser.,VII, pp. 167-177. February, 1901.

[3]Gray's "Notice of a species of Tupaia from Borneo, in the collection of the British Museum" in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for 1865 (p. 322) may be added to the bibliography of Natuna mammals, as the animal described, though supposed to have been taken in Borneo, is apparently confined to Bunguran Island, the largest of the Natunas.

[4]Megaderma spasma,Myotis muricola,Taphozous melanopogon,Mydaus meliceps,Paradoxurus hermaphroditus,Lutra sumatranaandMus ephippium.

[5]See papers already cited, also Novitates Zoologicæ,I, p. 468 (letter from Mr. Everett);ibid.,I, p. 483 (note on land shells by Mr. E. Smith),ibid.,II, p. 478 (Birds);ibid.,II, p. 499 (Reptiles).

[6]Sitz.-Berich. der Gesellsch. Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1893, p. 224.

[7]For the opportunity of examining the skull of an adult male from Balabac I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. D. G. Elliot. A photograph (slightly reduced) of this specimen was published by Mr. Elliot in 1896 (Field Columbian Museum, PublicationII, Zoological Series,I, No. 3, pl.XI, May, 1896).

[8]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male topotype ofTragulus nigricans.

[9]Measurements in parentheses are those of a less mature specimen from Bunguran.

[10]Measurements in parentheses are those of a Tenasserim specimen (female) ofSus cristatusso young that the posterior molar is not fully in place.

[11]Last molar not fully grown.

[12]See Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,XIII, pl.IIIandIV.

[13]Collector's measurement.

[14]Measurements in parentheses are those of the type ofMus validus.

[15]In the type ofMus müllerithe diastema is 12 mm.

[16]Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser.,XIV, p. 450. December, 1894.

[17]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male topotype ofSciurus tenuis.

[18]Measurements in parentheses are those of an older specimen ofSciurus natunensisfrom Sirhassen.

[19]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adultSciurus notatusfrom Borneo.

[20]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult BorneanSciurus notatus.

[21]Measurements in parentheses are those of the type ofRatufa melanopepla.

[22]Teeth very much worn and many of them absent.

[23]Measurements in parentheses are those of a young adultA. stigmaticafrom British North Borneo.

[24]Tooth measurements are from a younger specimen (male) with perfect dentition.

[25]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult male BorneanTupaia tana.

[26]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult skull ofPipistrellus pipistrellusfrom Switzerland.

[27]Ann. Mus. Civ. di Storia Nat. di Genova, Ser. 2,X, p. 923, pl.XI, 1892.

[28]Measurements in parentheses are those of an adult femaleRhinolophus affinisfrom Trong, Lower Siam.

[29]Proc. Washington Acad. Sci.,II, p. 234. August 20, 1900.

[30]Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1898, p. 316. July, 1898.

Transcriber's Note:Obvious typographical errors have been repaired.

Transcriber's Note:

Obvious typographical errors have been repaired.

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