54.used in Elam,314.Moulds, Hittite,202.Mugheir,2,3,6,8,14,20,21,38,51,73,75.Müntz, M., on Babylonian embroidery,140.Musasir,76.Muscles, treatment of, in Assyrian art,100.Myra,177.Mythological figures in Chaldæan art,33.Nabonidus,—restoration of buildings by,7,22.foundation-cylinder of,21,22.architecture of time of,52.Nabopolassar,80.Nabu-ablu-iddin,—stela of,12,42.“Naharaim,”32.Nahum, on brick-making,4.Nakhsh-i-Rustam,147,173,176,179.Name, stamped upon bricks,5,316.Nana, the goddess,7,309,310,333.Napir-Asu, Queen,330.Naram-Sin,308,318.stela, 319et seq.Nazi-Maruttas,325.Nebi Yunus,51.Nebo, the god,7,86.Nebuchadnezzar,41,79,119,209,226.bricks bearing name of,5.architecture of time of,52.brings cedars from Lebanon,60,78.builds Tower of the Seven Lights,73.restores E-saggil,78.restores E-zida,78.builds walls of Babylon,80.Nebuzar-adan,209.Necropolis,—at Mugheir,14,20,21,38.at Warka,38.at Marath,253-5.at Sidon,255,256.at Dali,259.at Amathus,260.at Mehdia,260.at Thina,261.at Tyre,254.at Adlun,254.at Gebal,256.at Caralis,260.at Tharras,260.at Jebel Kawi,261.Negritic type,322.Nehemiah,232.Nejef,50.Nero,141,211.Nicanor, Gate of,220.Nimroud,51,52,61,62,72,111.Nineveh,—walls of,6.vaulting at,13.extent of,81.Nin Girsu,10.Ninus,119.Numeration, Elamite,306.Nymphio,201.Oannes,2.Onyx,44.Ophel, hill of,205,210,231,232.Oppert,46,79,81.Orientation of Chaldæa buildings,8.of Assyrian buildings,67.Ornaments,142,143.Ourdeys,82.Ovoid gems,45.Painted bricks,—Chaldæan,19.Assyrian,74,116-20.Persian,167-72.Painting,—on façades of Chaldæan palace,18,19.on stucco in Assyrian palaces,56,114,115.on Assyrian bas-reliefs,115,116.on Assyrian vases,122.on walls of Persian buildings,159,172.in Cypriote pottery,280.Palace,—of Gudea at Tello,8-22.of Sargon at Khorsabad,67-72.of Cyrus at Madar-i-Soleiman,148-50.of Darius at Nakhsh-i-Rustam,150.of Xerxes,150-8.of Artaxerxes,157.of Solomon,231.Palestrina,290,293.Palm-wood, use of, in roofing houses,15,60,158.pillars of,63.Paphos,241,242.Parthians,12,56.Partitions of rooms,13,54,55.Pasargadæ,147,148,150,151,160.Passages, vaulted, at Tello,14.Patæci,264.Pateræ,127,128,289,290.Patesi,8,46,81,308.Pausanias, on size of Babylon,79.Pediments,76,77,175,235,256,267.Pendants,336,337.Pendentives, 159 (note).Perrot,—on Assyrian voussoirs,58,59.on gates of Balawat,126,127.on Hittite sphinx,193.on Hittite bas-reliefs,199.on Cypriote terra-cottas,280.Persepolis,8,147,150,162.Persepolitan capital,153-6.Persis,179.Perspective, ignorance of laws of, among Assyrians,98,110.Philostratus,140.Phœnician bronzes in Assyria,129.ivories in Assyria,138.artists employed in Jewish Temple,224.Pilasters,9,61,77.Pillars,10,11,63.(seeColumns).Pine-cone in Assyrian art,111,139.Pipes for drainage,20.Pivot of door,17,18.Place, M. V.,54,55,61,66,117.Plan of Chaldæan fortress,29,81.Plaque,—of bronze,131-4.of ivory,137,138.Plaster, use of, in Chaldæa,11,18.in Assyria,56,114,115.in Persia,172.Platforms of buildings,—in Chaldæa,8.in Assyria,52,53,67,68.in Persia,149-52.in Judæa,207,208.in Susa,314.Pliny,—on Babylonian embroidery,140.on Telephanes,148.on invention of glass,283.Porphyry,44,153.Position-marks on masonry,149.on bricks,117,118.Pottery, inferiority of, in Chaldæa,38,39.prehistoric, Elam,304.Præneste, patera from,289-93.Prehistoric remains, Susa,303.Progress of art in Assyria,111-13.in Cyprus,270-3.Pshent,263-71.Pteria,191.Pudil,38.Pygmæus, the god,259,276,279.Rammanu, the god,22,144.Rammanu-nirari,38,92.Ras el-Ain,249.Rassam, Mr. H.,72.Rawlinson, Sir H.,72,300.Renan, M. E.,263,265.Reseph, the god,294.Rings,335.Robinson’s Arch,214.Rule, graduated,29.Sacrifice, human,49.Sadambaal, the god,243.Sagasaltias,22.Sakhra,208.Sakkanak,308.Samas, the god,2,22,323,324.shrine of,12,42,43,64.Samas-sum-ukin,80.Samsi-Rammanu III.,88,92.Sandals,322.Sandstone,304,317.Sarcophagi, Phœnician,256-9.Sargani (seeSargon I.).Sargani-sar ali,308.Sargon I.,47,48.Sargon II.,53,57,90,61,66,76,92,93,96,106,113,116,117,270,285.Sarvistan,158,159.Sarzec, M. de,2,10.Sassanian buildings,56,63,158,159.Saulcy, F. de,235.Scheil, Père V.,301.on inscriptions,305,306,319.Schrader, E.,81.Scipio Africanus,266.Seals,—Chaldæan,44-9.Assyrian,143-5.Median,146.Persian,180-3.Hittite,203.Jewish,230.Phœnician,294-8.Elamite,304,335.Selamlik,16.Seleucids,210,234.Semiramis,76,80,119.Senkereh,2,21.Sennacherib,60,66,67,72,92,93,103,113, 139 (note).Sepharvaim,2,42.Sepulchral architecture in Assyria,50.towers in Persia,14Seraglio,16,69.Sesostris,112,201.Set, the god,294.Sewage, disposal of,20.Shalmaneser III.,72,89,126.“Sharur,”6.Shat el-Hai,3.“Shenti,”264.Shew-bread,226.Shilkhak in Shushinak,309.Shushinak, Temple of,314,330,331,336.Shutruk-Nakhunta,309,314,315,319,323,336.Sidon,247,250,255,289.Sidur canal,308.Siloam,232,235.Silver, use of,—in Chaldæa and Assyria,21.in Elam, statuette,332.mask, repoussé,333.studs,334.rings,335.disks,336.Sin, the god,16.Sinjerli,188.Sippara,2,323.Sirens, bronze,129-30.Sirpurla,3.Sivan,4.Smith, G.,72.Sockets for pivot of door,17,18,308.Solomon,205,206,208,209,210,211,215,219,221,224,232,235.palace of,231-2.porch of,209,211.Solus,258.Sophia, church of Saint,56, 159 (note).Sphinxes,—Persian,183.Hittite,192,193.Phœnician,263.Stables,17,69,70,136.Staged towers,15,16,72-6,174,314.Staircases,8,67,151,152.Standard, Assyrian,133,134.State saloon in Chaldæan palace,17.Statues,—from Tello,26-30.of Assur-nasir-pal,86.caryatid,86,87.iconic, in Cyprus,265.captured by Scipio at Carthage,266.colossal, in Cyprus,270-272.of priest with dove,273.bronze from Elam,330.Statuettes,—bronze, from Chaldæa,35-8.of canephoros,36,37.kneeling, with cone,36.of figure standing upon lion,37,38.terra-cotta, from Warka,40.alabaster, from Chaldæa,42.terra-cotta from Khorsabad,121,122.of Izdubar,122.of Istar,123-25.terra-cotta, from Phœnicia and Cyprus,277-82.of Divine Mother,124,281.from Elam, bronze,330.gold,332.silver,332.ivory,335.Steatite,43,123.Stela,—the “Vulture Stela,”24-6,321.of Samsi-Rammanu,88.of Assurbanipal, as canephoros,89.Hittite, from Birejik,187.votive, from Carthage,266.Chaldæan from Elam,317.of Manishtu Irba,316.of Naram-Sin, 319et seq.Stone,—want of, in Mesopotamia,4.staircase of, at Abu Shahrein,8.scanty use of, in Assyria,50,65.facing of, at Khorsabad,52,53.use of, in Persia,149.want of, in Persia,326.Stool,135.Strabo,—on use of vault in Babylonia,15,56.on use of palmwood pillars at Babylon,63.on height of temple of Bel,73.on tomb of Cyrus,177.on rites of Cappadocian Astarte,197.Stucco,18,114,172.Stuffs manufactured in Chaldæa,41.in Assyria,105,138,139.Stylus,308,324.Sukkal-mah,309.Sulci,282.Sumerian language,316.Susa,147,168.Mission in, 299et seq.Susiana,158.Sword, Chaldæan,27.Tablet, Eagle and Lion,24.Tablets,—votive,21.clay, Elam,305.Tabnit,257.Tacitus, on temple of Paphos,242.Takht-i-Jemshid,152,179.Takht-i-madar-i-Soleiman,149.Talisman,17,230.Tanit, the goddess,246,263,267,