SUPREME COURT RECORDS.
24. X Int.X Int. 1.X 20.24. X.24. Q.24. Question.X Q. 1.24. Int.
24. X Int.
X Int. 1.
X 20.
24. X.
24. Q.
24. Question.
X Q. 1.
24. Int.
1. X Q.X Ques. 1.1. Add. Direct.2. R. D. Q.3. Re D. Q.4. R. X Q.Re X Q. 1.R. X Int. 1.
1. X Q.
X Ques. 1.
1. Add. Direct.
2. R. D. Q.
3. Re D. Q.
4. R. X Q.
Re X Q. 1.
R. X Int. 1.
5. Re X Q.24th. Cross-ques.46th. Cross-int.46. Cross-int.46. Cross-ques.46. C. Int.46th. C. Int.Answer to Cross-int. 1.
5. Re X Q.
24th. Cross-ques.
46th. Cross-int.
46. Cross-int.
46. Cross-ques.
46. C. Int.
46th. C. Int.
Answer to Cross-int. 1.
1. Follow copy literally, except italics (which stand for errors only), capitalization, and punctuation.
2. Use italic letters to indicate errors of orthography and apostrophes to indicate errors of omission. In case of a doublet, italicize the repeated portion. Use no dashes, but indicate blanks with quads.
3. Make paragraphs of answers in Q. and A. matter.
4. Use apostrophes in unusual abbreviations, such as Feb’y, c’t, etc.; but in well-established abbreviations use the period, as Mr., deft., plff.
5. Many words, although not spelled according to Webster, if sanctioned by other authorities, should be set without italic letters.
6. Italics should not be used to indicate errors of syntax, or errors of orthography, in foreign languages, except in law terms, as fiari fecias; nor should italics be used in variations of orthography of proper names of persons or places.
7. Where the name of a corporation occurs beginning with the word “the,” use a cap. T, thus: the said The B. & O. R. R. Co.; The Sun v. The Globe; The City of Washington v. The B. & O. R. R. Co.; the defendant The Davies County Bank.
8. Errors in italics will always be indicated by roman letters, thus:fierefecias,conplaineants.
9. Names of vessels will be set in roman, quoted.
10. Do not change the spelling of proper names, nor use italics to indicate errors therein.
(See also “Follow—fol. lit.”)
1. Contract the first Q. and A., as well as the following ones.
2. Make one paragraph of question and answer, connecting the question and its answer by an em dash.
3. Where the answer is not introduced by the usual “A.,” “Ans.,” or “Answer,” or where the name or title of a participant is used, make a new paragraph.
4. The following examples illustrate the use of brackets, colons, and parentheses:
TheChairman(to Mr. Smith).Mr.Kelley(to the chairman).TheWitness.He did it that way [indicating].Q. (By Mr.Smith.) Do you know these men [handing witness a list]?(Objected to.)A. (After examining list.) Yes; I do.Q. (Continuing.)—A. (Reads:)Question (continuing).—Answer (reads):A. (Interrupting.)Answer (interrupting).(Counsel objects to its admission.)
TheChairman(to Mr. Smith).
Mr.Kelley(to the chairman).
TheWitness.He did it that way [indicating].
Q. (By Mr.Smith.) Do you know these men [handing witness a list]?
(Objected to.)
A. (After examining list.) Yes; I do.
Q. (Continuing.)—A. (Reads:)
Question (continuing).—Answer (reads):
A. (Interrupting.)
Answer (interrupting).
(Counsel objects to its admission.)
5. Observe punctuation in the following paragraphs:
The defendant, George Brown, stated to the court, etc. [where there is only one defendant (or plaintiff) in the case].The defendant George Brown stated to the court, etc. [where there are two or more defendants (or plaintiffs) in the case].
The defendant, George Brown, stated to the court, etc. [where there is only one defendant (or plaintiff) in the case].
The defendant George Brown stated to the court, etc. [where there are two or more defendants (or plaintiffs) in the case].
(See also “Follow—fol. lit.” andparagraph 3 under “Miscellaneous.”)
1. Names of vessels and generic names should be set in italic, except in tabular matter, indexes, lists set in columns, and Supreme Court work.
2. The words “see,” “see also,” etc., in italic in indexes only.
3. Italic will not be followed in general work, either for foreign words or for emphasis, unless special instructions to that effect are given.
4. When letters are used as references in explaining diagrams, figures, etc., use italic for lower-case references and roman for caps, not quoted: Cogwheela; pinion B; angleab; line CD; pointsa,b,c,d,e.
(See also “Follow—fol. lit.”)
1. Use spaces in place of hyphens in Indian names.
2. Treat all side and cut-in notes as paragraphs.
3. Observe the following examples of punctuation:
George G. Greene, being sworn and examined, on oath deposes and says:Isaac Fuller, sworn, and testified as follows:P. L. Rodier, sworn and examined.Colonel Seventh Cavalry.Captain, Seventh Cavalry.Respectfully, yours,Yours, respectfully,Congressional, No. 25.Congressional case No. 25.Record, case No. 384.Term No., 625.Indian Depredations, No. 25.Indian depredation case No. 625.French Spoliations, No. 18.
George G. Greene, being sworn and examined, on oath deposes and says:
Isaac Fuller, sworn, and testified as follows:
P. L. Rodier, sworn and examined.
Colonel Seventh Cavalry.
Captain, Seventh Cavalry.
Respectfully, yours,
Yours, respectfully,
Congressional, No. 25.
Congressional case No. 25.
Record, case No. 384.
Term No., 625.
Indian Depredations, No. 25.
Indian depredation case No. 625.
French Spoliations, No. 18.
French spoliation case No. 325.first session Fifty-third Congress.Jones & Co., Limited.Latitude, 40° 19′ 12″ north; longitude, 30° 8′ 14″ west.In latitude 40° 19′ 12″ north, longitude 30° 8′ 14″ west.Have you any interest in this case? If so, what?Have you any interest in this case? If so, state what.Have you any interest in this case; and if so, what?Have you any interest in this case? And if so, state what.
French spoliation case No. 325.
first session Fifty-third Congress.
Jones & Co., Limited.
Latitude, 40° 19′ 12″ north; longitude, 30° 8′ 14″ west.
In latitude 40° 19′ 12″ north, longitude 30° 8′ 14″ west.
Have you any interest in this case? If so, what?
Have you any interest in this case? If so, state what.
Have you any interest in this case; and if so, what?
Have you any interest in this case? And if so, state what.
4. “Line of stars” means seven asterisks in a full-measure line, indented two ems at each end, the remaining space to be evenly divided between the stars. Exception: In briefs, etc., set in “general-order” measure, use but five asterisks, indented two ems at each end.
5. Avoid, by overrunning, the use of a dash at the beginning of a line, two-letter divisions, and the repetition of divisions at the end of three or more contiguous lines.
6. After addresses at the head of communications use the period, as—
Hon.Amos J. Cummings,House of Representatives.Dear Sir: I have the honor, etc.
Hon.Amos J. Cummings,
House of Representatives.
Dear Sir: I have the honor, etc.
Lieut. CommanderRichard Rush,Navy Department.Dear Sir: The care shown by you, etc.
Lieut. CommanderRichard Rush,
Navy Department.
Dear Sir: The care shown by you, etc.
7. Use en quads in cap and small-cap lines in addresses and in signatures, and a proportionate increase of space in heads of extended type.
8. In illustrating certain shapes or forms, as⟙rails, use gothic letters (case 288 cap. in long-primer text, and case 287 cap. in brevier text).
9. In solid matter, when extracts, etc., are set in smaller type, separate by using two leads; in leaded matter use three leads.
10. Use two leads before footnotes in all cases.
11. Where slugs are called for specially, use a slug of same body as type.
12. Separate center heads from text by slugs one size less than type used.
13. When two consecutive years are intended, set: 1875–76, 1801–2; when more than two consecutive years are intended: 1875–1879, 1895–1904; when two or more distinct years are intended: 1894, 1895; 1873, 1876; 1888, 1891, 1894.
14. When laws are set in long-primer type, document measure, the first line of the enacting clause must be set so as to conform to the following examples:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
15. In indexes, when the page folios overrun, retain only the first folio number in the leader line; but when necessary to save an overrun, figures may be run back to within an em leader of the words. When the folios overrunning make two or more lines, indent evenly not less than seven ems on the left, the folios in excess ofeven-lengthlines to be worked into the leader line. When the figures extend back into the leader line, use an en quad between the leaders and the first figure.
16. Never divide a word in a headline if it can possibly be avoided. In subhead and legend lines it is not necessary to make the first line full.
17. Always keep together, at the beginning or end of a line, such abbreviations as U. S. N.; D. C.; N. Y.; N. J.; M. D., etc. The contractions esq., sr., and jr. should always be in the same line with the name they follow.
18. Never divide the last word of a paragraph if it can be avoided; overrun if necessary. The last line of a paragraph should contain at least a four-letter word.
Unless special directions are given—sometimes necessary in particular cases—the following rules govern the printing of bills:
Type.
1. Bills are always set in English type, full-slugged.
2. A new bill is always all roman, italic being used only for the enacting clause and the word “Provided.”
Side Folios.
3. The direction “Allow for two figures” means that TWO 1-EM quads (not one 2-em quad) are to be used in allowing for side folios at left of text. “Allow for three figures” means indent two 1-em quads and 1 en quad.
4. Always supply the word “That” immediately following the section number, and after the word “Provided” of a proviso.
5. Begin side folios with figure 1 at the first line of each section. Exceptions to this are sometimes made for convenience in handling, and side folios begun with figure 1 at the top of each page; but in such cases special instructions will be given.
Engrossed and Enrolled Bills.
6. A bill is said to beengrossedwhen it has passed one House of Congress; to beenrolledwhen final action has been taken in both Houses.
7. Follow literally in engrossed and enrolled bills. This applies to the title of the bill on the filing or indorsement as well as to the text, but not to the caption of engrossed amendments.
Heads and Indorsements.
8. The “indorsement” on a bill is the form printed on the back for convenience of reference when folded. “Document style” prevails on indorsements until the bill reaches the “engrossed” stage. Senate bills differ from House bills in the forms used in heads and indorsements. As a bill progresses new “actions” appear, which should be set in the same style as the “actions” that precede. The “style” of a head or indorsement is governed by the “style” for the branch of Congress in which the bill is pending. Examples of a new bill in each House are given on the following page:
HEADING OF HOUSE BILL.
↽—[Cast.]—⇁53d Congress,3d Session.
↽—[Cast.]—⇁
53d Congress,
3d Session.
↽—[Cast.]—⇁H. R. 9846.
↽—[Cast.]—⇁
H. R. 9846.
[English caps—cast.]IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.[Long primer type.]December 22, 1894.Referred to the Committee on Claims and ordered to be printed.[English type.]Mr.Wilson, of West Virginia, (by request) introduced the following bill:↽—[Cast.]—⇁A BILL[English type.]For the relief of George Washington Watkins, of Martinsburg, West Virginia.[Slug.]
Be it enacted, etc., That
HEADING OF SENATE BILLS.
↽—[Cast.]—⇁53d Congress,3d Session.
↽—[Cast.]—⇁
53d Congress,
3d Session.
↽—[Cast.]—⇁S. 4973.
↽—[Cast.]—⇁
S. 4973.
[English caps—cast.]IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES.[Long primer type.]January 4, 1895.Mr.Voorheesintroduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Pensions.↽—[Cast.]—⇁A BILL[English type.]Granting an increase of pension to the survivors of the Mexican War.[Slug.]
Be it enacted, etc., That
INDORSEMENTS.
House.Senate.53d Congress,3d Session.} H. R. 9846.53d Congress,3d Session.} S. 4973A BILLA BILLFor the relief of George Washington Watkins, of Martinsburg, W. Va.Granting an increase of pension to the survivors of the Mexican War.By Mr. Wilson, of West Virginia.By Mr. Voorhees.December 22, 1894.—Referred to the Committee on Claims and ordered to be printed.1895—January 4.—Read twice and referred to the Committee on Pensions.
9. In indorsements on bills in the Senate use a 9-em dash under the bill number; on bills in the House a parallel dash.
10. The name of the introducer of a bill or resolution is carried under the title in the indorsement, in long primer caps and small caps, between parallel rules, in both Houses, through each printing until bill or resolution passes one House.
11. When the title of a bill on the indorsement makes more than two lines, indent the runovers 1½ ems; center the title when it makes but one or two lines. On the face of the bill where a title makes more than one line, set the first line to full measure, centering the runover if there be two lines in the title; if more than two lines, indent the runovers 2 ems.
12. Titles forHouse billsare taken from theINDORSEMENTof copy; forSenate billsfrom theFACEof copy.
13. Preambles are set full measure, the first line of each “whereas” being flush and the runovers indented 2 ems. Where an agreement or treaty is part of a preamble, follow literally, indenting the paragraphs 4 ems and runovers 2 ems, full measure.
14. Titles and preambles following the head of a bill are always half-slugged.
15. Set “Calendar No.—,” on both face and indorsement of bills which have reached the Senate Calendar, in each case at the upper right-hand corner.
16. Set “Report No.” on both face and indorsement of reported bills in both Houses, centering under the number of the bill.
[It is impracticable to give illustrations of the minutiæ of headings and indorsements of bills in all their stages. Samples and information can always be had upon inquiry at the foreman’s desk. Compositors and others must familiarize themselves with the forms called for by the clerks’ notes on copy.]
Amendments.
17. “Line type” and italic are used only to show amendments. When it is proposed to strike out certain portions in a bill that is “reported with amendments,” such portions will be set in “line type.” Example:
in accordance withexistingproposedplan,twentytwenty-fivethousand dollars.
18. When new matter is inserted, it is set in italics.
19. When it is proposed to strike out and insert, always let the italicsFOLLOWthe line type.
20. Do not complicate amendments. When one amendment can be made to cover the sense, as in the complete changing of a sum of money, so set it, rather than divide into two or more short amendments.
21. Proposed Senate amendments are printed in bill form, all roman. The general style of the head may be either that of bills or of “miscellaneous documents.” These headings are generally in proper form as they come from the bill clerk.
22. When it is proposed in the Senate to make several short amendments, the caption should read as follows:
AMENDMENTSIntended to be proposed by Mr.Hoarto the bill (H. R. 4864) to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes, viz:1 In line 24, page 19, strike out the words “per centum ad valorem” and insert the words2 “cents per pound;” in line 16, page 25, strike out the word “shall;” and in line 12, page 34, after3 the word “and,” insert the word “any.”
AMENDMENTS
Intended to be proposed by Mr.Hoarto the bill (H. R. 4864) to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes, viz:
1 In line 24, page 19, strike out the words “per centum ad valorem” and insert the words
2 “cents per pound;” in line 16, page 25, strike out the word “shall;” and in line 12, page 34, after
3 the word “and,” insert the word “any.”
23. When a proposed amendment in the Senate is expressed by one or more full paragraphs, the caption should read:
AMENDMENTIntended to be proposed by Mr.Gormanto the bill (H. R. 2476) entitled “An Act to establish a fish-hatching station at Port Tobacco, Maryland,” viz: After the word “Maryland,” in line 14, section 2, insert the following:1 To enable the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries to carry out the provisions2 of this act there is hereby appropriated the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars.
AMENDMENT
Intended to be proposed by Mr.Gormanto the bill (H. R. 2476) entitled “An Act to establish a fish-hatching station at Port Tobacco, Maryland,” viz: After the word “Maryland,” in line 14, section 2, insert the following:
1 To enable the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries to carry out the provisions
2 of this act there is hereby appropriated the sum of seventy-five thousand dollars.
Reported Bills.
24. Observe the difference informof action taken on Senate and House bills reported with amendments:
House.—
December 12, 1894.Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee of the Whole House, and ordered to be printed.Omit the parts struck through and insert the parts printed initalics.
December 12, 1894.
Reported with amendments, committed to the Committee of the Whole House, and ordered to be printed.
Omit the parts struck through and insert the parts printed initalics.
Senate.—
December 13, 1894.Reported by Mr.Harriswith an amendment, viz: Omit the part struck through and insert the part printed initalics.
December 13, 1894.
Reported by Mr.Harriswith an amendment, viz: Omit the part struck through and insert the part printed initalics.
[The wording varies with the necessities of the case, but the style remains the same.]
General Instructions.
25. Spell out everything, except “Mr.,” “Mrs.,” and classification of vessels, as “A 1.” On indorsements follow document style.
26. Make the contractions “&c.” and “etc.” read “and so forth,” and in the title and body of a bill make “viz” read “namely.”
27. When, in the use of figures, the comma is used in ordinary work to show notation, in bills thousands and hundreds are spelled; as, for 1,750, make it “one thousand seven hundred and fifty.”
28. In serial numbers, or where the comma is not used in general work, spell by hundreds all numbers less than 10000; as, for 2742, make it “twenty-seven hundred and forty-two;” but in serial numbers where even multiples of one thousand occur, use the word “thousand,” as “section two thousand and four,” “paragraph seven thousand and sixty-nine” (not “twenty hundred and four” or “seventy hundred and sixty-nine”).
29. Years and dates are expressed thus: June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety-three.
30. When the expression usually indicated by “No.” occurs, use the word “numbered.” Observe, in this connection, the capitalization for kindred expressions: House Executive Document Numbered Eighteen.
31. References to the Revised Statutes, Statutes at Large, court reports, etc., are expressed thus: Revised Statutes, page two hundred and forty-two; Twelfth Statutes, page eleven hundred and sixteen; Tenth Court of Claims Reports, page ten.
32. Capitalize the word “act” wherever it occurs as a synonym for “bill” or “law.”
33. The indorsement on a printed bill must always fall on an even page. In House bills 4 lines of text may be worked in with the indorsement, and in Senate bills 7 lines.
Special Instructions for Enrolled Bills.
34. Set in quarto measure, paragraphs indented 2 ems.
35. Lead with 3-to-pica leads. When center heads occur use a full pica slug above and below.
36. Set entirely in roman type, except the enacting clause and “Provided,” which go initalic.
37. Avoid divisions of words and space evenly. Two-letter divisions must not be made.
38. In enrolled bills of theSenateplace the bill number (using the form “S. 146”) in pica antique, at the upperleft-handcorner. In enrolled bills of theHousethe number goes at the upperright-handcorner, using the form “H. R. No. 4864.”
39. In enrolled bills of the Senate use a parallel dash above and below title; in those of the House use the parallel dash above only, with two full slugs below.
GENERAL DIRECTIONS.
Spell out States after county in both Journals.
The Journals are set in brevier, solid, Record measure, and as a rule Record style prevails.
Compositors will observe the style of the following paragraphs:
HOUSE.
MONDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1894.
A message from the Senate, by Mr. Cox, its Secretary, announced that the Senate had passed a bill entitled:
S. 2905. An act for the relief of John M. Smith.
It also announced that the Senate had passed bills of the following titles, in which the concurrence of the House was requested:
S. 2000. An act for the relief of James Robinson; and
S. 2001. An act granting a pension to Sam Jones.
It further announced that the Senate had passed, without amendment, the bill (H. R. 10241) to amend “An act making appropriations for the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes,” approved July 4, 1894.
The committees were called for reports;
When,
Bills were reported, the reports thereon ordered to be printed, and referred to the Calendars as follows:
By Mr. Black, of Illinois, from the Committee on Military Affairs, the bill entitled (S. 527) an act to construct a road to the national cemetery at Dover, Tenn.—to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.
The amendments recommended by the Committee of the Whole were then agreed to, and as amended the bill was ordered to be engrossed, was read a third time, and passed.
The Speaker laid before the House the bill entitled:
S. 1262. An act for the relief of Paul McCormick;
Which was referred to the Committee on Claims.
The Speaker pro tempore laid before the House the bill—with amendments of the Senate thereto—entitled:
H. R. 3458. An act extending the time for final proof on land claims under the public land laws.
On motion of Mr. Sweet the amendments were concurred in.
Mr. Pearson, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, reported that the committee had examined and found truly enrolled bills of the following titles; which were thereupon signed by the Speaker, to wit:
H. R. 868. An act for the relief of John Smith;
S. 1896. An act for the relief of Mrs. Lucinda Brown; and
H. R. 3858. An act to pension John Jones.
By Mr. Maguire: A resolution for the appointment of a special committee to investigate Pacific railroads—to the Committee on Rules.
By Mr. Holman:
Whereas it appears by an act passed June 4, 1894, the sum of $10,000 was appropriated to enable the Secretary of War, etc.; and
Whereas it is alleged that trouble exists, etc.;
Resolved, That the Committee on Military Affairs be authorized to settle the difficulty— to the Committee on Military Affairs.
The Committee on Indian Affairs was called;
When,
On motion of Mr. Lynch, on behalf of said committee, the House resolved itself into Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union for the consideration of the bill (H. R. 6557) providing for opening the Uintah Indian Reservation in Utah; and after some time spent therein, the Speaker resumed the chair, and Mr. Dockery reported that the committee having had under consideration the said bill (H. R. 6557) had come to no resolution thereon;
When the morning hour expired.
The question being on agreeing to the second resolution, to wit:
Resolved, That John J. O’Neill was not legally elected and is not entitled to a seat in this House;
And being put,
Will the House agree thereto?
{ Yeas....................23It was decided in the negative,{ Nays...................160{ Not voting..........168
After further debate,
The Speaker appointed Messrs. Bailey and Ray tellers.
The question being put,
Shall the bill be engrossed and read a third time?
The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the members present,
[One line only.]
{ Yeas.........................................123{ Nays........................................55There appeared,{ Answering “present”...............1{ Not answering.........................172{ Reported by tellers as present and not answering4
The Speaker laid before the House the following joint resolution of the Senate:
S. R. 91. A joint resolution providing for printing a digest of the laws relating to compensation of officials in United States courts;
Which was referred to the Committee on Printing.
Mr. Allen suggested that the House should take a recess, under Rule XXVI.
And then, in pursuance of Rule XXVI, the House took a recess until 8 p. m.
A message from the President of the United States, by Mr. Pruden, one of his secretaries, announced that the President had approved and signed bills and a joint resolution of the following titles:
On June 29, 1894:
H. R. 4701. An act to incorporate the Supreme Lodge of the Knights of Pythias; and
H. R. 274. An act to authorize the city of Hyattsville, Md., to construct a wagon bridge.
On July 6, 1894:
H. Res. 196. Joint resolution to provide temporarily for the expenditures of the Government.
The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses to the bill (H. R. 6518) making appropriations for rivers and harbors do recommend to their respective Houses as follows:
That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 27, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: Strike out all the matter preceding and insert on page 77, after line 7, the following as a new item:
Baltimore Harbor, Maryland: To widen the ship channel to one thousand feet, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-nine dollars and fifty-one cents.
And the Senate agree to the same.
That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 20, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: Strike out “eight hundred dollars” andinsert in lieuthereof the following:three hundred and fifty dollars;and the Senate agree to the same.
Amend section 2 to read as follows:
Sec. 2.For an exhibit by the Government of the United States at the Cotton States International Exposition to be held at Atlanta, Georgia, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-five, one hundred thousand dollars.
And the House agree to the same.
Leave of absence was granted to Mr. Cobb of Alabama and Mr. Black of Illinois, indefinitely; to Mr. Pigott, for two days; to Mr. Bartlett, until Saturday next; and to Mr. Lacey, for four days.
And then,
On motion of Mr. Cummings, at 5 o’clock and 20 minutes p. m., the House adjourned.
SENATE.
MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE.
A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Towles, its chief clerk.
Mr. President:The House of Representatives has disagreed to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6913) making appropriations for the current expenses of the Indian Department. It asks a conference with the Senate thereon, and has appointed Mr. Holman, Mr. Allen, and Mr. Wilson of Washington managers at the same on its part.
ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED.
Mr. Caffery reported from the committee that they had examined and found duly enrolled the following bill:
H. R. 2350. An act making appropriations for the Military Academy;
Whereupon,
The President pro tempore signed the same, and it was delivered to the committee to be presented to the President of the United States.
The Senate proceeded, by unanimous consent, to consider the said bill as in Committee of the Whole; and no amendment being made, it was reported to the Senate.
Ordered,That it pass to a third reading.
The said bill was read the third time.
Resolved, That it pass, and that the title thereof be as aforesaid.
The Senate proceeded to consider, as in Committee of the Whole, the bill (S. 1296) for the relief of Andrew Gray; and
On motion by Mr. White,
Ordered, That it be postponed indefinitely.
Mr. Allison called for a division of the question; and
On the question to recede from the amendment No. 87, viz: Insert as an additional paragraph the following:
109. Iron ore, forty cents per ton,
It was determined in the negative,{ Yeas.................2{ Nays................5
On motion by Mr. Hill,
The yeas and nays being desired by one-fifth of the Senators present,
[One line only.]
Those who voted in the affirmative are,
Messrs. Allen, Hill, Irby.
Those who voted in the negative are,
Messrs. Jones of Arkansas, Jones of Nevada, Mitchell of Wisconsin.
[Note.—Observe that commas are left out after names when there are a number of them, like the above.]
The question being on the motion of Mr. Hill that the Senate recede from its amendment No. 87,
Pending debate,
Mr. Jones, of Arkansas, raised a question as to the presence of a quorum;
[Note.—Observe that comma is used when but a single name occurs.]
Whereupon,
The Presiding Officer (Mr. Mitchell, of Oregon, in the chair) directed the roll to be called;
When,
Fifty-nine Senators answered to their names.
A quorum being present,
EXECUTIVE SESSION.
On motion of Mr. Jones, of Arkansas,
The Senate proceeded to the consideration of executive business; and
After the consideration of executive business the doors were reopened;
When,
On motion of Mr. Gorman, at 3 o’clock and 40 minutes p. m.,
The Senate adjourned.
HELP EACH OTHER.Workmen in every department should follow instructions in spirit as well as in letter. Unthinking performance—the listless doing of just what has been told and no more—is not satisfactory. It is believed the good workman will take interest in his duties. He is expected at suitable times to help others in their work. The excuse that it is “none of my business,” or that “it was the reader’s business,” or that “it was the foreman’s business” to give a word of warning or a helping hand to prevent delay, error, or other trouble is a poor one. It is the business of every man to do what he can to prevent error in any department, and as faulty work is usually done through inattention or unfamiliarity with the style, suggestions should be courteously offered and received.TYPESETTING.For the successful maintenance of a high standard of workmanship and for the correctness of the work done in the office, not a little depends upon the care, judgment, skill, and intelligence of the compositors. Indifferent, careless men are not in demand in an office where important publications are constantly being prepared for press, and where the slightest neglect on the part of those handling the work may cause serious delay and confusion in some other division of the office. Recollect that one badly justified line may stop a press; a careless correction spoil the whole edition of a book.Study the rules.—Compositors are expected to carefully study the rules governing composition. A failure to do this will show plainly in the proof. It must be remembered, however, that all work done in the office is not in accordance with the regular or office style. Special instructions will invariably accompany copy of this kind, and a compositor should ascertain when taking out copy whether it is to be set according to office style; if it is not, he should read instructions carefully and confer fully with the foreman or man at the desk about doubtful questions. The kind of type for the text (other than long primer) and the use of leads are indicated in the preparation of the copy, as are indention, type for headlines, “cast” of tables, and other minor details. The compositor should not go wrong on these matters, nor should his type contain many errors, if he will apply himself, think, make certain of his instructions, and use care.Divisions.—Frequent divisions of words are undesirable, but do not avoid them entirely at the expense of uniform spacing.Do not divide compound words except at the compounding hyphen in any but extreme cases.Divisions at the ends of three adjacent lines will not be passed by readers except in extreme cases or in narrow measure.Divisions on syllables of two letters should be made but rarely.Spacing and justifying.—The spacing of matter must be governed by the leading.Solid matter should be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, and when about to divide a word prefer to take in.Leaded matter should also be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, but when about to divide a word prefer to drive over.In double-leaded matter en quads should be used and divisions driven over.Avoid, if possible, the very thin or very wide spacing of the first line of a paragraph.All lines of composition must be justified so tightly that they will stand unsupported in the stick.Observe in spacing the various formations of letters. There should be less space between final “y” and initial “w,” for instance, than between final “d” and initial “h;” less between final “o” and initial “c” than between final “f” and initial “b.” When a little extra spacing is necessary, never place it between a comma and the first letter of succeeding word. The spacing between capital letters in headings should also be governed by letter formation.Do not do all the spacing at either the right or left of the line, but distribute it in conformity with the foregoing suggestions. The appearance of a page as a whole depends very much upon the care shown in spacing.Compositors should take every precaution to prevent the soiling of proof sheets, as it is necessary for the reviser to see clearly every mark on the margin of a proof after it has been corrected.Do not try to cover up or hide an accident. After a proof is read the first time, if a word or line is pied, or if a “dropout” occurs, or any accident happens to the type, it is the duty of the workman to call attention to it in writing on the latest proof sheet, whether it be a galley revise, page revise, stone revise, press revise, or foundry revise. If a proof sheet be not available or immediately at hand, put the types involvedFEET UPPERMOSTwhen returning them to the galley, page, or form. This direction is intended for all who handle type—laborers, compositors, makers-up, imposers, and electrotypers—and will be insisted upon. Accidents will happen, and correctness can be assured only by faithfully following the instruction here given.READING.Readers are expected to be alert, clear-headed, diligent, and thoughtful.Proofs that are overinked, pale, smeared, or that have margins too narrow for proper marking, or for any reason are not good proofs, must be refused.When a proof is taken out, the reader should inform himself fully as to the character of the work, whether there are any special instructions or peculiarities concerning it, whether proof will be sent out or the work go directly to press, and get such other information as he may think will assist him; and before beginning to read he should make sure that copy agrees with proof and that the entire proof is legible. It is well to do preparatory work and take a general survey of a proof before beginning to read it.The style in which correction marks are made on a proof is an element of considerable importance. Straggling, unsymmetrical characters, disconnected marks placed in the margins above or below the lines to which they relate, irregular lines leading from an incorrect letter or word to a correction, large marks, marks made with a blunt pencil, indistinct marks, a frequent use of the eraser to obliterate marks hastily or incorrectly made, are all faults to be avoided. Corrections so made are not respected by the compositor, and he is frequently annoyed and delayed in deciphering what they mean and to what they refer. In reading proof of wide tables the reader should take advantage of white space as near as possible to the error and place the correction therein, thus aiding all who have occasion to handle the proof afterwards.The time to be spent in reading a proof should be governed, in a great measure, by its importance. While in certain classes of ordinary work the reader is not expected to detect more than the plainer errors and make his proof correct to copy, in work of value he should read critically and try to discover more serious blunders than spelling, capitalization, punctuation, etc. But speed should never be greater than is consistent with practical correctness.A single reading of figures, either in columns or lines, should be sufficient. The failure of first reader and copyholder to detect wrong figures is a serious fault; confidence in them is immediately strained, the second readers become suspicious of all proofs read by them and feel compelled to reread entire proof by copy, and many far-reaching annoyances are liable to follow. When a reader does not feel positive that figures are correct to copy, or if his sight becomes confused by a multiplicity of figures or from other cause, he should request that the proof be reread by copy by someone else. Physical weakness is not a fault; carelessness and indifference are always culpable.The substance of the preceding paragraph applies also to “fol. lit.” matter, especially bills, laws, and court work.When an entire “take” or proof seems to have been set uniformly, a reader should never make important changes in indentions of tables or make like corrections which will cause a great deal of work without consulting the foreman, the copy preparer, or the man at the proof table.The reader should endeavor to verify, by the reference books in the office, all proper names, whether they are of people or places, or whatever they may be; every date; every quotation from standard works; every foreign word or phrase, and the ordinary nomenclature of science. When this can not be done and he has a reasonable doubt, he should request the author to verify it. But when the reader does discover errors of this class or when he detects inconsistent and erroneous statements, obviously made by the writer through lapse of the memory or slip of the pen, it is his duty to correct. He does so at his peril, however. He must know, not suspect, that they are errors, and be prepared, if called upon, to vindicate the soundness of his correction by recognized authority. If he does not know, he should query.When a reader is unable to decide positively as to the correctness of a date, phrase, name, quotation, etc., or if he does not feel at liberty to make the desired change because of instructions to “follow” or “follow literally,” or because he is reading a bill or law, he should query. This should not always be done by a simple question mark (for that is sometimes so confusing to the author that he feels like raising a query of his own as to its meaning), but by writing the suggested amendment or explaining the reason for the query in full.In work of particular value—historic or scientific publications, books that may be used for reference, etc.—the reader should be on the lookout for faulty construction of sentences, bad metaphors, inconsistent statements, the misuse of words, and defects of similar character. These he should query. The proofs of this class of work always go out, and the author will probably welcome reasonable suggestions; but the reader must not worry himself or the author about the extreme niceties of grammar or suggest pedantic emendations. Discrimination should be made and the author’s style not confounded with his lapses.Readers will carefully note the instructions to compositors as to spacing, division of words, etc., and never hesitate to mark when work is imperfect.Second readers are enjoined to keep in full sympathy with first readers and copy preparers. They must always consult with the latter before making important changes in proof, and they should feel free to respectfully call the attention of a first reader to errors in style or blunders of any kind that may have been frequently overlooked by him. The marks of the copy preparer must be given consideration by all. He has probably handled the entire work and is in a position to know more about its peculiarities than the man who reads but a small portion.GALLEY-PROOF REVISING.The importance of revising proofs well can not be overestimated. While a reviser is not expected to read proof, it is not enough for him to slavishly follow the marks found on the proof sheet which has been to the composing room for correction. His aim should be to discover new errors, if possible, make the matter uniform in all essential points, and correct inconsistencies, due perhaps to a difference of opinion among the readers. At the same time he should see that all corrections have been properly made in the type, that words or lines have not been transposed by the compositor in making the corrections, and that the rules governing spacing, division of words, and good printing generally have been observed. Compositors have no excuse for the neglect of even spacing, either when setting the type or when making corrections, and the reader or reviser who passes bad spacing will be held in fault.A reviser must not remodel the punctuation of the readers or make any serious changes in the work unless the matter apparently needing correction is of unmistakable importance. If he thinks it necessary that an important change should be made, he should submit the change proposed to the foreman for his decision.All queries made by readers must be carefully transferred to the proof to be sent out, which should always be clean and well printed.Every paragraph containing an alteration in a proof that makes one or more overruns must be reread as first proof. It must be read aloud by copyholder, word for word, to the end of the paragraph, or at least far enough to satisfy the reviser that the proper correction has been made and no new errors have slipped in while the lines were being handled. The practice of revising the alteration only and of rereading without copyholder has been the source of many errors, and will no longer be permitted.Revising should be done with reasonable dispatch, but good work must not be sacrificed to haste. The “hurry” excuse for passing bad work will not be accepted, as assistance will be furnished whenever necessary.PRESS REVISING.Press revising is a branch of proof-room work requiring special adaptability and great diligence and care. Not only must the reviser observe that the rules governing the work of those who precede him have been followed, but he must be on the alert for a multiplicity of points not coming within their sphere. Hence, a clear head, quick eye, knowledge of the style, acquaintance with the make-up of various publications, a high sense of order, an ability for detail, and mind and nerves not easily disturbed are prerequisites to success in the work.A few general rules only can be given to guide the press reviser. He handles a variety of work and must decide each point as it presents itself. He is cautioned never to allow his work to get behind (calling for assistance when rushed), but not to make a sacrifice of correctness for the sake of speed.The following rules should be carefully studied:1. See that galley slips connect before beginning the page or press revise.2. See that page folios are continuous, that running heads are correct and uniform, and that the proper signature is correctly placed.3. See that the series of proof sheets is clean and clear; send for another proof in case they are not.4. Revise carefully, observing connections between pages, carrying all unanswered queries, and taking care that continued and repeated lines are free from errors.5. If a revise is badly corrected or is from any cause not reasonably free from error, call for another correction and proof (stating number wanted), and destroy all duplicates.6. Be on the lookout for “dropouts,” doublets, and transpositions, applying the rules laid down for first revisers.7. Read by copy all running heads, and box heads in continuous tables; see that all leading lines are carried at the top where subordinate matter turns over; that dollar marks and italic captions of columns are properly placed and uniform; that the matter is as compact as circumstances will permit, and that footnotes fall on the page containing the corresponding reference, and are symmetrically arranged.8. Preserve complete files of all proofs returned to the desk in the ordinary course of business, especially of the final proofs from which a work is sent to the press or foundry.9. On first page of a signature of a stone or press revise carry the number of copies and kind of paper, with any special directions that may be necessary; and see that the form is properly imposed.10. Be particular in making the “mark-off” on a galley slip when the first page proofs are sent out, cutting the proof sheet and noting upon it the connecting galley slug, the folio of the succeeding page, and the proper signature of the same. Retain the “mark-off” and deliver the galley slips with the clean proof to the proof clerk.11. Always make sure that different sets of proof sheets on any work are correctly marked in series, as “R,” “2d R,” “3d R,” etc., and when a sheet is stamped “another proof” carry the same designating “R” on the corresponding clean one, and destroy the stamped proof when it has served its purpose.12. In Court of Claims and Supreme Court records the index must be filled in by the press reviser, the first signature being retained for that purpose.13. When two or more jobs are imposed in one form, the reviser should separate the parts to verify the imposition. Until familiar with the “fold,” however, caution must be exercised in cutting the sheet.14. Press, stone, and foundry revises are equally important. In the latter especial care must be taken that rules do not lap, that work is not jammed in the “lockup,” that damaged letters and “slips” are indicated, and that the matter is ready in all respects to pass severe criticism.15. Government publications are usually made up in the following order:Page 1. Title.Page 2. Blank.Page 3. Table of contents. If ending on an odd-numbered page, then—Page 4. Blank.Page 5. Letter of transmittal.Page 6. Blank.Page 7. Text proper.In the body of the work new pages will be properly indicated on the proof sheet. Tables of contents, letters of transmittal, lists of illustrations, the text proper of a book, and all matter following half titles (except parallel tables) should begin on a new odd page.SIGNATURES.16. All signatures are designated by consecutive numbers—2, 3, 4, etc.—from the first to the last. The distinguishing feature is usually the jacket number, preceding the signature number and connected with it by a 2-em dash. For some works contractions of the title are used, especially in annual or other periodical reports, forms for which can be had upon reference to the last one issued. House and Senate documents take the following signature forms:H. Ex. 123——7S. Rep. 13——9H. Rep. 247——3S. Ex. 27——3H. Mis. 17——2S. Mis. 123——2H. Ex. 13—pt 2——5S. Mis. 42—pt 3——9Signatures are usually worked in sixteens, but with large pages the form of eights is the standard when printed from type.BILL REVISING.17. In sending bills to press there are points to be watched which do not appear in other work. The open character of the pages makes the form peculiarly liable to accident, and each page must be closely scanned for faults. A press reviser must be fully conversant with all the details and peculiarities of bill work and be ready to correct or take counsel upon any seeming error of style or apparent fault. He must see that the indorsements on bills fall on “even” pages and that they back up properly and have the proper make-up; also compare the number of the bill on the indorsement with that on the face, as a safeguard against error. When any change has been made in the side folios, he must run the same to the end of the series and answer for their correctness. He must see that the proper number of copies is written on each signature page, according to the schedule or memorandum furnished him. In short, the reviser is an umpire on bill work whose alertness is his qualification for the work. He is not expected to read the proof, but he must train his eye to detect errors at a glance.18. Bills are worked in forms of eights. The signatures are made up like the following:Senate bills:Senate amendments to House bills:S. 2433——2A. H. R. 4864——2Senate resolutions:House bills:S. R. 196——2H. R. 2142——3Senate Mis. Docs.:House resolutions:S. Mis. 24——2H. Res. 194——319. When a bill is reprinted on account of some error or change, an asterisk is used at the foot of the first page. When more than one signature is reprinted, the asterisk follows the signature number.20. Committee bills are always confidential. If of more than eight pages the distinguishing signature must be invented and placed on the first as well as succeeding forms. There are usually several prints of committee bills, each of which must be distinguished by serial additions to the signature, as A, B, C, etc.21. Every paragraph which has been overrun in correcting must be read aloud by copyholder from the proof sheet, which must be followed literally.
HELP EACH OTHER.
Workmen in every department should follow instructions in spirit as well as in letter. Unthinking performance—the listless doing of just what has been told and no more—is not satisfactory. It is believed the good workman will take interest in his duties. He is expected at suitable times to help others in their work. The excuse that it is “none of my business,” or that “it was the reader’s business,” or that “it was the foreman’s business” to give a word of warning or a helping hand to prevent delay, error, or other trouble is a poor one. It is the business of every man to do what he can to prevent error in any department, and as faulty work is usually done through inattention or unfamiliarity with the style, suggestions should be courteously offered and received.
TYPESETTING.
For the successful maintenance of a high standard of workmanship and for the correctness of the work done in the office, not a little depends upon the care, judgment, skill, and intelligence of the compositors. Indifferent, careless men are not in demand in an office where important publications are constantly being prepared for press, and where the slightest neglect on the part of those handling the work may cause serious delay and confusion in some other division of the office. Recollect that one badly justified line may stop a press; a careless correction spoil the whole edition of a book.
Study the rules.—Compositors are expected to carefully study the rules governing composition. A failure to do this will show plainly in the proof. It must be remembered, however, that all work done in the office is not in accordance with the regular or office style. Special instructions will invariably accompany copy of this kind, and a compositor should ascertain when taking out copy whether it is to be set according to office style; if it is not, he should read instructions carefully and confer fully with the foreman or man at the desk about doubtful questions. The kind of type for the text (other than long primer) and the use of leads are indicated in the preparation of the copy, as are indention, type for headlines, “cast” of tables, and other minor details. The compositor should not go wrong on these matters, nor should his type contain many errors, if he will apply himself, think, make certain of his instructions, and use care.
Divisions.—Frequent divisions of words are undesirable, but do not avoid them entirely at the expense of uniform spacing.
Do not divide compound words except at the compounding hyphen in any but extreme cases.
Divisions at the ends of three adjacent lines will not be passed by readers except in extreme cases or in narrow measure.
Divisions on syllables of two letters should be made but rarely.
Spacing and justifying.—The spacing of matter must be governed by the leading.
Solid matter should be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, and when about to divide a word prefer to take in.
Leaded matter should also be spaced with 3-to-em spaces, but when about to divide a word prefer to drive over.
In double-leaded matter en quads should be used and divisions driven over.
Avoid, if possible, the very thin or very wide spacing of the first line of a paragraph.
All lines of composition must be justified so tightly that they will stand unsupported in the stick.
Observe in spacing the various formations of letters. There should be less space between final “y” and initial “w,” for instance, than between final “d” and initial “h;” less between final “o” and initial “c” than between final “f” and initial “b.” When a little extra spacing is necessary, never place it between a comma and the first letter of succeeding word. The spacing between capital letters in headings should also be governed by letter formation.
Do not do all the spacing at either the right or left of the line, but distribute it in conformity with the foregoing suggestions. The appearance of a page as a whole depends very much upon the care shown in spacing.
Compositors should take every precaution to prevent the soiling of proof sheets, as it is necessary for the reviser to see clearly every mark on the margin of a proof after it has been corrected.
Do not try to cover up or hide an accident. After a proof is read the first time, if a word or line is pied, or if a “dropout” occurs, or any accident happens to the type, it is the duty of the workman to call attention to it in writing on the latest proof sheet, whether it be a galley revise, page revise, stone revise, press revise, or foundry revise. If a proof sheet be not available or immediately at hand, put the types involvedFEET UPPERMOSTwhen returning them to the galley, page, or form. This direction is intended for all who handle type—laborers, compositors, makers-up, imposers, and electrotypers—and will be insisted upon. Accidents will happen, and correctness can be assured only by faithfully following the instruction here given.
READING.
Readers are expected to be alert, clear-headed, diligent, and thoughtful.
Proofs that are overinked, pale, smeared, or that have margins too narrow for proper marking, or for any reason are not good proofs, must be refused.
When a proof is taken out, the reader should inform himself fully as to the character of the work, whether there are any special instructions or peculiarities concerning it, whether proof will be sent out or the work go directly to press, and get such other information as he may think will assist him; and before beginning to read he should make sure that copy agrees with proof and that the entire proof is legible. It is well to do preparatory work and take a general survey of a proof before beginning to read it.
The style in which correction marks are made on a proof is an element of considerable importance. Straggling, unsymmetrical characters, disconnected marks placed in the margins above or below the lines to which they relate, irregular lines leading from an incorrect letter or word to a correction, large marks, marks made with a blunt pencil, indistinct marks, a frequent use of the eraser to obliterate marks hastily or incorrectly made, are all faults to be avoided. Corrections so made are not respected by the compositor, and he is frequently annoyed and delayed in deciphering what they mean and to what they refer. In reading proof of wide tables the reader should take advantage of white space as near as possible to the error and place the correction therein, thus aiding all who have occasion to handle the proof afterwards.
The time to be spent in reading a proof should be governed, in a great measure, by its importance. While in certain classes of ordinary work the reader is not expected to detect more than the plainer errors and make his proof correct to copy, in work of value he should read critically and try to discover more serious blunders than spelling, capitalization, punctuation, etc. But speed should never be greater than is consistent with practical correctness.
A single reading of figures, either in columns or lines, should be sufficient. The failure of first reader and copyholder to detect wrong figures is a serious fault; confidence in them is immediately strained, the second readers become suspicious of all proofs read by them and feel compelled to reread entire proof by copy, and many far-reaching annoyances are liable to follow. When a reader does not feel positive that figures are correct to copy, or if his sight becomes confused by a multiplicity of figures or from other cause, he should request that the proof be reread by copy by someone else. Physical weakness is not a fault; carelessness and indifference are always culpable.
The substance of the preceding paragraph applies also to “fol. lit.” matter, especially bills, laws, and court work.
When an entire “take” or proof seems to have been set uniformly, a reader should never make important changes in indentions of tables or make like corrections which will cause a great deal of work without consulting the foreman, the copy preparer, or the man at the proof table.
The reader should endeavor to verify, by the reference books in the office, all proper names, whether they are of people or places, or whatever they may be; every date; every quotation from standard works; every foreign word or phrase, and the ordinary nomenclature of science. When this can not be done and he has a reasonable doubt, he should request the author to verify it. But when the reader does discover errors of this class or when he detects inconsistent and erroneous statements, obviously made by the writer through lapse of the memory or slip of the pen, it is his duty to correct. He does so at his peril, however. He must know, not suspect, that they are errors, and be prepared, if called upon, to vindicate the soundness of his correction by recognized authority. If he does not know, he should query.
When a reader is unable to decide positively as to the correctness of a date, phrase, name, quotation, etc., or if he does not feel at liberty to make the desired change because of instructions to “follow” or “follow literally,” or because he is reading a bill or law, he should query. This should not always be done by a simple question mark (for that is sometimes so confusing to the author that he feels like raising a query of his own as to its meaning), but by writing the suggested amendment or explaining the reason for the query in full.
In work of particular value—historic or scientific publications, books that may be used for reference, etc.—the reader should be on the lookout for faulty construction of sentences, bad metaphors, inconsistent statements, the misuse of words, and defects of similar character. These he should query. The proofs of this class of work always go out, and the author will probably welcome reasonable suggestions; but the reader must not worry himself or the author about the extreme niceties of grammar or suggest pedantic emendations. Discrimination should be made and the author’s style not confounded with his lapses.
Readers will carefully note the instructions to compositors as to spacing, division of words, etc., and never hesitate to mark when work is imperfect.
Second readers are enjoined to keep in full sympathy with first readers and copy preparers. They must always consult with the latter before making important changes in proof, and they should feel free to respectfully call the attention of a first reader to errors in style or blunders of any kind that may have been frequently overlooked by him. The marks of the copy preparer must be given consideration by all. He has probably handled the entire work and is in a position to know more about its peculiarities than the man who reads but a small portion.
GALLEY-PROOF REVISING.
The importance of revising proofs well can not be overestimated. While a reviser is not expected to read proof, it is not enough for him to slavishly follow the marks found on the proof sheet which has been to the composing room for correction. His aim should be to discover new errors, if possible, make the matter uniform in all essential points, and correct inconsistencies, due perhaps to a difference of opinion among the readers. At the same time he should see that all corrections have been properly made in the type, that words or lines have not been transposed by the compositor in making the corrections, and that the rules governing spacing, division of words, and good printing generally have been observed. Compositors have no excuse for the neglect of even spacing, either when setting the type or when making corrections, and the reader or reviser who passes bad spacing will be held in fault.
A reviser must not remodel the punctuation of the readers or make any serious changes in the work unless the matter apparently needing correction is of unmistakable importance. If he thinks it necessary that an important change should be made, he should submit the change proposed to the foreman for his decision.
All queries made by readers must be carefully transferred to the proof to be sent out, which should always be clean and well printed.
Every paragraph containing an alteration in a proof that makes one or more overruns must be reread as first proof. It must be read aloud by copyholder, word for word, to the end of the paragraph, or at least far enough to satisfy the reviser that the proper correction has been made and no new errors have slipped in while the lines were being handled. The practice of revising the alteration only and of rereading without copyholder has been the source of many errors, and will no longer be permitted.
Revising should be done with reasonable dispatch, but good work must not be sacrificed to haste. The “hurry” excuse for passing bad work will not be accepted, as assistance will be furnished whenever necessary.
PRESS REVISING.
Press revising is a branch of proof-room work requiring special adaptability and great diligence and care. Not only must the reviser observe that the rules governing the work of those who precede him have been followed, but he must be on the alert for a multiplicity of points not coming within their sphere. Hence, a clear head, quick eye, knowledge of the style, acquaintance with the make-up of various publications, a high sense of order, an ability for detail, and mind and nerves not easily disturbed are prerequisites to success in the work.
A few general rules only can be given to guide the press reviser. He handles a variety of work and must decide each point as it presents itself. He is cautioned never to allow his work to get behind (calling for assistance when rushed), but not to make a sacrifice of correctness for the sake of speed.
The following rules should be carefully studied:
1. See that galley slips connect before beginning the page or press revise.
2. See that page folios are continuous, that running heads are correct and uniform, and that the proper signature is correctly placed.
3. See that the series of proof sheets is clean and clear; send for another proof in case they are not.
4. Revise carefully, observing connections between pages, carrying all unanswered queries, and taking care that continued and repeated lines are free from errors.
5. If a revise is badly corrected or is from any cause not reasonably free from error, call for another correction and proof (stating number wanted), and destroy all duplicates.
6. Be on the lookout for “dropouts,” doublets, and transpositions, applying the rules laid down for first revisers.
7. Read by copy all running heads, and box heads in continuous tables; see that all leading lines are carried at the top where subordinate matter turns over; that dollar marks and italic captions of columns are properly placed and uniform; that the matter is as compact as circumstances will permit, and that footnotes fall on the page containing the corresponding reference, and are symmetrically arranged.
8. Preserve complete files of all proofs returned to the desk in the ordinary course of business, especially of the final proofs from which a work is sent to the press or foundry.
9. On first page of a signature of a stone or press revise carry the number of copies and kind of paper, with any special directions that may be necessary; and see that the form is properly imposed.
10. Be particular in making the “mark-off” on a galley slip when the first page proofs are sent out, cutting the proof sheet and noting upon it the connecting galley slug, the folio of the succeeding page, and the proper signature of the same. Retain the “mark-off” and deliver the galley slips with the clean proof to the proof clerk.
11. Always make sure that different sets of proof sheets on any work are correctly marked in series, as “R,” “2d R,” “3d R,” etc., and when a sheet is stamped “another proof” carry the same designating “R” on the corresponding clean one, and destroy the stamped proof when it has served its purpose.
12. In Court of Claims and Supreme Court records the index must be filled in by the press reviser, the first signature being retained for that purpose.
13. When two or more jobs are imposed in one form, the reviser should separate the parts to verify the imposition. Until familiar with the “fold,” however, caution must be exercised in cutting the sheet.
14. Press, stone, and foundry revises are equally important. In the latter especial care must be taken that rules do not lap, that work is not jammed in the “lockup,” that damaged letters and “slips” are indicated, and that the matter is ready in all respects to pass severe criticism.
15. Government publications are usually made up in the following order:
Page 1. Title.Page 2. Blank.Page 3. Table of contents. If ending on an odd-numbered page, then—Page 4. Blank.Page 5. Letter of transmittal.Page 6. Blank.Page 7. Text proper.
In the body of the work new pages will be properly indicated on the proof sheet. Tables of contents, letters of transmittal, lists of illustrations, the text proper of a book, and all matter following half titles (except parallel tables) should begin on a new odd page.
SIGNATURES.
16. All signatures are designated by consecutive numbers—2, 3, 4, etc.—from the first to the last. The distinguishing feature is usually the jacket number, preceding the signature number and connected with it by a 2-em dash. For some works contractions of the title are used, especially in annual or other periodical reports, forms for which can be had upon reference to the last one issued. House and Senate documents take the following signature forms:
H. Ex. 123——7S. Rep. 13——9H. Rep. 247——3S. Ex. 27——3H. Mis. 17——2S. Mis. 123——2H. Ex. 13—pt 2——5S. Mis. 42—pt 3——9
Signatures are usually worked in sixteens, but with large pages the form of eights is the standard when printed from type.
BILL REVISING.
17. In sending bills to press there are points to be watched which do not appear in other work. The open character of the pages makes the form peculiarly liable to accident, and each page must be closely scanned for faults. A press reviser must be fully conversant with all the details and peculiarities of bill work and be ready to correct or take counsel upon any seeming error of style or apparent fault. He must see that the indorsements on bills fall on “even” pages and that they back up properly and have the proper make-up; also compare the number of the bill on the indorsement with that on the face, as a safeguard against error. When any change has been made in the side folios, he must run the same to the end of the series and answer for their correctness. He must see that the proper number of copies is written on each signature page, according to the schedule or memorandum furnished him. In short, the reviser is an umpire on bill work whose alertness is his qualification for the work. He is not expected to read the proof, but he must train his eye to detect errors at a glance.
18. Bills are worked in forms of eights. The signatures are made up like the following:
Senate bills:Senate amendments to House bills:S. 2433——2A. H. R. 4864——2Senate resolutions:House bills:S. R. 196——2H. R. 2142——3Senate Mis. Docs.:House resolutions:S. Mis. 24——2H. Res. 194——3
19. When a bill is reprinted on account of some error or change, an asterisk is used at the foot of the first page. When more than one signature is reprinted, the asterisk follows the signature number.
20. Committee bills are always confidential. If of more than eight pages the distinguishing signature must be invented and placed on the first as well as succeeding forms. There are usually several prints of committee bills, each of which must be distinguished by serial additions to the signature, as A, B, C, etc.
21. Every paragraph which has been overrun in correcting must be read aloud by copyholder from the proof sheet, which must be followed literally.
SIGNATURE NUMBERS FOR EIGHTS.