Fig. 426
Leaveselliptic to ovate, oval or slightly obovate, acute or rounded at apex, concave-cuneate at the entire base, coarsely often doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and slightly and irregularly divided above the middle into 2 or 3 pairs of small acute lobes, half grown when the flowers open about the 20th of March and then thin, yellow-green and roughened above by short white hairs and hoary-tomentose below, and at maturity thick, deep green, very lustrous and scabrate on the upper surface, coated on the lower surface with pale hairs, 2½′—3½′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a prominent midrib and primary veins; petioles slightly wing-margined at apex, densely hoary-tomentose early in the season, becoming glabrous, ⅖′—1½′ in length.Flowersabout ¾′ in diameter, on long slender tomentose pedicels, in wide lax mostly 5—12-flowered corymbs, with large lanceolate to spatulate foliaceous bracts and bractlets slightly serrate above the middle, and generally persistent until after the petals fall; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, thickly coated with matted white hairs, the lobes gradually narrowed from the base, long, slender, acuminate, laciniately glandular-serrate, slightly villose on the outer surface, densely villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers white; styles 4 or 5.Fruitripening early in October, on long slender drooping slightly hairy pedicels, in few-fruited clusters, subglobose, bright canary yellow, about 1′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with spreading lobes; flesh thick, light yellow, soft and succulent; nutlets 4 or 5, gradually narrowed and rounded at the ends, irregularly ridged on the back with a broad grooved ridge, ⅓′ long.
A tree, 30°—35° high, with a tall trunk sometimes a foot in diameter, covered with gray scaly bark, large ascending and spreading branches forming an open irregular head, and stout nearly straight unarmed branchlets thickly coated with hoary tomentum when they first appear, becoming purple, lustrous and nearly glabrous at the end of their first season and dark brown or gray-brown the following year.
Distribution.Borders of woods in low ground, valley of the Brazos River near Columbia, Brazoria County, and in low woods on the Colorado River, at Wharton, Wharton County, Texas.
Fig. 427
Leavesoblong-obovate or oval, acute or acuminate, gradually narrowed, cuneate and entire below the middle, coarsely and often doubly serrate with broad straight or incurved glandular teeth, and unequally divided above into numerous acute or acuminate lobes, when the flowers open from the middle to the end of March coated on the upper surface with short pale caducous hairs and on the lower surface with thick hoary tomentum, and at maturity thin and firm in texture, glabrous, dark green, and lustrous above, pale and pubescent below, and usually about 3′ long and 2′ wide, with a slender midrib, remote primary veins extending to the point of the lobes, conspicuous secondary veins, and reticulate veinlets; petioles more or less winged toward the apex, tomentose early in the season, becoming pubescent, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often 5′ long and 3′ wide, with rounded, acute lobes.Flowers¾′ in diameter, on long stout hoary-tomentose pedicels, in broad loose many-flowered tomentose corymbs, with oblong-obovate to lanceolate finely glandular-serrate villose conspicuous bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube broadly obconic, covered with thick pale tomentum, the lobes broad, acute, very coarsely glandular-serrate, tomentose on the outer surface and villose on the inner surface; stamens 20, anthers yellow; styles 5, surrounded at base by tufts of white hairs.Fruitripening after the middle of October, on slender elongated pedicels, in loose dropping clusters, short-oblong to subglobose, scarlet, about ½′ long; calyx much enlarged, with coarsely serrate erect and persistent villose lobes; flesh thin, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, rounded and occasionally obscurely grooved on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 15°—20° high, with a tall straight trunk 8′—10′ in diameter, covered with thin dark brown furrowed bark, spreading branches forming a broad open head, and branchlets hoary-tomentose at first, soon puberulous, dull reddish brown or yellow-brown by midsummer, becoming ashy gray late in the autumn, and armed with few straight gray spines about 1′ in length.
Distribution.Low rich woods on the bottom-lands of the Brazos River at Columbia and Brazoria, Brazoria County, Texas.
Fig. 428
Leaveselliptic to ovate or slightly obovate, acuminate, cuneate at the entire base, and coarsely often doubly serrate above with broad straight glandular teeth, coated below with hoary tomentum and covered above with short white hairs when they unfold, more than half grown when the flowers open from the first to the middle of April, and at maturity thin, yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, paler and villose-pubescent on the lower surface, especially on the slender midrib and primary veins, 2′—3½′ long, and 1′—2′ wide; petioles slender, slightly wing-margined at apex, densely villose-pubescent with white hairs early in the season, becoming glabrous or nearly glabrous, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate to broad-elliptic, more coarsely serrate, occasionally slightly divided into short broad lateral lobes, often 4′ long and 2½′ wide, with a stout midrib and petioles broadly wing-margined at apex, and about ½′ in length.Flowers¾′ in diameter, on stout pedicels thickly covered like the narrow obconic calyx-tube with matted silvery white hairs, in broad compact many-flowered villose corymbs, with conspicuous glandular-serrate villose bracts and bractlets mostly persistent until after the flowers open; calyx-lobes narrow, acuminate, laciniately glandular-serrate, slightly villose-pubescent when the buds open; stamens 20; anthers white; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of white tomentum.Fruitripening from the middle to the end of September, on elongated slender puberulous pedicels, in few-fruited drooping red-stemmed clusters, short-oblong to subglobose, rounded at the ends, scarlet, ½′ to ⅔′ in diameter, the calyx persistent, much enlarged, with erect or spreading conspicuous lobes; nutlets 3—5, rounded at base, acute at apex, ridged on the back with a high rounded ridge, about ⅓′ long.
A tree, often 25° high, with a trunk 8′ in diameter, covered with dark bark slightly divided by shallow fissures into broad thin plates, spreading ashy gray branches forming a round-topped head, and slender zigzag branchlets, covered when they first appear with long white hairs, soon glabrous, orange-brown or reddish brown during their first season and dull gray the following year, and armed with numerous straight slender purple spines 1′—2′ in length.
Distribution.Limestone soil, in upland woods and glades; common in the limestone belt of central Alabama, from the neighborhood of Gallion, Hale County to western Mississippi (Starkville, Oktibbeha County, and Brookville, Noxubee County).
Fig. 429
Leavesovate to elliptic, acute, concave-cuneate or rounded at the narrow base, sharply doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and slightly divided into 3 or 4 pairs ofnarrow acuminate lateral lobes, unfolding with the opening of the flowers at the end of April or early in May and then light yellow-green tinged with bronze color, lustrous and covered above with short shining caducous white hairs and hoary-tomentose below, and at maturity thin, light yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, paler and pubescent on the lower surface, especially on the slender midrib, and 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes, 1¾′—2¼′ long, and 1½′—2′ wide; petioles slender, more or less wing-margined at apex, villose early in the season, pubescent in the autumn, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, acute, cuneate at the wide base, often 2½′—3′ long and 2′—2½′ wide; petioles stout, wing-margined at apex ¾′—1′ long.Flowers1′ in diameter, on short stout pedicels covered with matted pale hairs, in 3—10-flowered compact compound or rarely simple villose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, covered with matted pale hairs, the lobes glabrous, narrowed from the base, with wide rounded sinuses between them, slender, acuminate, tipped with a small red gland, and glandular-serrate with stipitate red glands; stamens 20; anthers pale yellow; styles 4 or 5, usually 5.Fruitripening at the end of September, on stout erect villose pedicels, in few-fruited clusters, subglobose, often broader than high, crimson, lustrous, marked by numerous large pale dots, pubescent at the ends, and ½′—¾′ in diameter; calyx prominent, with a short villose tube, and reflexed appressed villose lobes often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, light yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 4 or 5, thin, full and rounded at apex, narrowed and acute at base, grooved with a broad shallow groove and sometimes irregularly ridged on the back, about5/16′ long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk sometimes 6′ in diameter, slender branches forming a narrow open head, and thin nearly straight branchlets thickly covered at first with long lustrous white hairs, dull light reddish brown and puberulous at the end of their first season, becoming dark gray-brown, and armed with stout straight or slightly curved dark purple shining spines usually about 1¼′ long, or unarmed.
Distribution.Banks of small streams in moist soil from Doe Run to Bismarck, St. François County, Missouri.
Fig. 430
Leavesovate, short-pointed, slightly lobed usually only above the middle with short broad acute lobes, and coarsely and frequently doubly serrate to the broad-cuneate base with spreading glandular teeth, coated above in early spring with soft white hairs, and below with dense hoary tomentum, about a third grown when the flowers open at the end of May, and at maturity thin and firm in texture, blue-green and scabrate on theupper surface, pale and pubescent on the lower surface on the midrib and primary veins, 2′—2½′ long, and 1½′ to nearly 3′ wide; petioles slender, glandular, often more or less winged above, at first tomentose, becoming nearly glabrous, ¾′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, truncate or slightly cordate at the broad base, more deeply lobed, often 2½′—3′ long and wide, the petioles wing-margined at apex often glandular, and 1′—1½′ in length.Flowersabout ¾′ in diameter, in broad loose tomentose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, villose with long matted hairs, the lobes lanceolate, villose, and glandular with large red stipitate glands; stamens 20; anthers small, nearly white; styles 5, surrounded at base by a thin ring of pale tomentum.Fruitripening early in October and falling gradually until after midwinter, on stout pedicels, in erect slightly villose few-fruited clusters, short-oblong to subglobose, crimson, lustrous, marked by large scattered pale dots, slightly hairy toward the ends, ½′—⅝′ long, ⅓′—½′ in diameter; calyx prominent, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, elongated, glandular, villose, spreading or reflexed, often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thin, pale yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, thin, rounded and irregularly ridged on the back, ¼′ long.
A tree, 18°—30° high, with a trunk 6′—8′ in diameter, stout spreading branches forming a broad round-topped symmetrical head, and stout zigzag branchlets dark green and covered with matted pale hairs when they first appear, soon becoming light orange-brown and very lustrous, and armed with numerous stout straight or slightly curved dark chestnut-brown shining spines 2′—2½′ long.
Distribution.Limestone ridges near the St. Lawrence River at Châteaugay, Caughnawaga, and La Tortue in the Province of Quebec.
Fig. 431
Leavesovate, acute, truncate, rounded or slightly cordate at the broad base, regularly divided into 4 or 5 pairs of short acute lateral lobes, and doubly serrate with straight glandular teeth, when they unfold covered above with short soft pale hairs and glabrous below, about a third grown when the flowers open the middle of May, and at maturity thin but firm and rigid in texture, glabrous, dark yellow-green, bright and lustrous above, pale yellow-green below, 2′—2½′ long and wide, with a slender pale midrib and primary veins; petioles slender, villose early in the season, soon becoming glabrous and dark red below the middle, 1½′—2½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots frequently divided into narrow acute lateral lobes, and often 3½′—4′ long and wide.Flowers¾′ in diameter, on stout villose pedicels, in compact narrow many-flowered corymbs covered with matted pale hairs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, glabrous, or villose toward the base, thelobes narrowed from a broad base, acute, coarsely glandular-serrate, villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers small, pale pink; styles 4 or 5.Fruitbeginning to ripen and fall about the middle of September and continuing to fall until the end of October, on stout pedicels, in glabrous few-fruited clusters, short-oblong to obovoid, bright cherry-red, lustrous, marked by dark scattered pale dots, ⅝′—¾′ long, and ½′—⅝′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, the lobes slightly glandular-serrate, usually deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thick, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 4 or 5, dark-colored, rounded on the back, ¼′ long.
A tree, 18°—20° high, with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter, wide-spreading branches forming a handsome symmetrical head, and stout branchlets dark green and coated with matted pale hairs when they first appear, soon becoming light red-brown, light orange-brown and lustrous in their second year, and armed with thick nearly straight bright chestnut-brown spines often 3′ in length.
Distribution.Sandy shores of Lake Zurich, Lake County, Illinois.
Fig. 432
Leavesbroad-ovate to suborbicular, rounded and often short-pointed at apex, rounded, broadly cuneate or truncate at the entire base, coarsely serrate above with straight gland-tipped teeth, and divided usually only above the middle into several short broad acute or acuminate lobes, about half grown when the flowers open during the last week of April and then thin, yellow-green, covered above with short pale hairs and pubescent below on the midrib and veins, and at maturity thin but firm in texture, dark yellow-green, glabrous and smooth on the upper surface, pale and glabrous on the lower surface with the exception of a few hairs near the base of the thin yellow midrib and of the 4 or 5 pairs of slender prominent primary veins arching to the point of the lobes, 2′—2½′ long, 1¾′—2½′ wide, and often broader than long; petioles slender, slightly winged at apex, villose while young with long matted white hairs, becoming glabrous, ¾′—1′ in length.Flowers⅝′ in diameter, on slender hairy pedicels, in compact 5—10-flowered villose corymbs, with oblong-obovate to linear acuminate glandular bracts and bractlets mostly persistent until the flowers open; calyx-tube broadly obconic, slightly hairy at base, glabrous above, the lobes slender, acuminate, glandular with minute dark red stipitate glands, or entire, glabrous on the outer surface, sparingly villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers pale rose color; styles 5.Fruitripening at the end of September and soon falling, on long slender glabrous pedicels, in few-fruited drooping clusters, subglobose to short-ovoid, bright yellow, marked by many smallpale dots, ¾′—1′ in diameter; calyx small, with spreading reflexed lobes slightly villose toward the apex and often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thin, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, rounded and very slightly grooved on the back, about ⅜′ long.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk 4′—5′ in diameter, covered with nearly black deeply furrowed bark, erect branches, and nearly straight branchlets dark green tinged with red and slightly villose when they first appear, bright red-brown and lustrous at the end of their first season, becoming dark dull reddish brown the following year, and unarmed, or armed with slender nearly straight bright chestnut-brown shining spines usually about 1′ long.
Distribution.Banks of the Desperes River, South St. Louis, St. Louis County, Missouri; not common.
Fig. 433
Leavesoblong-obovate, acute, cuneate, rounded or rarely truncate at the broad entire base, coarsely doubly serrate above with glandular teeth, and slightly and irregularly divided into broad acute lateral lobes, about a third grown when the flowers open fromthe middle to the end of April and then thin, light yellow-green and roughened above by short lustrous white hairs and hoary-tomentose below, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale and tomentose or pubescent on the lower surface, particularly on the stout midrib and 4 or 5 pairs of prominent primary veins, 3′—4′ long, and 2½′—3′ wide; petioles slender, more or less wing-margined at the apex, glandular, hoary-tomentose early in the season, becoming sparingly villose in the autumn, 1¼′—1½′ in length.Flowers¾′ in diameter, on slender tomentose pedicels, in broad many-flowered hoary-tomentose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, thickly coated with long densely matted white hairs, the lobes small, acuminate, glandular-serrate, villose; stamens 20; anthers small, rose color; styles 5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of snow-white hairs.Fruitripening the middle of October, on stout villose pedicels, in few-fruited clusters, short-oblong, rounded and villose at the ends, crimson or reddish yellow, lustrous, marked by small pale dots, ¾′—2′ in diameter; calyx prominent, with a short tomentose tube and much enlarged coarsely glandular-serrate hairy erect incurved lobes often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, orange-colored, with an astringent subacid flavor; nutlets 5, thin, rounded and slightly grooved on the back,5/16′—⅜′ long.
A tree, sometimes 25° high, with a trunk often a foot in diameter, covered with thick dark brown furrowed bark, large spreading and ascending branches forming an open irregular head, and stout branchlets covered at first with long matted white hairs, light orange-brown, lustrous and puberulous at the end of their first season, becoming ashy gray or light grayish brown the following year, and armed with many stout nearly straight dark purple shining spines usually about 2½′ long.
Distribution.Dry upland woods, near Fulton, Hempstead County, Arkansas; common.
Fig. 434
Leavesbroad-ovate, acute or rarely rounded at apex, broadly concave-cuneate at base, coarsely doubly glandular-serrate above, and usually divided above the middle into 4 or 5 pairs of broad acute lobes, covered above when they unfold with short soft pale hairs and below with a thick coat of hoary tomentum, more than half grown when the flowers open late in March, and at maturity thick and firm, dark green and lustrous above, pale and pubescent or tomentose below, particularly on the stout midrib, primary veins, prominent secondary veins and reticulate veinlets, 3′—4′ long, 2½′—3′ wide; petioles stout, deeply grooved, more or less winged above, at first tomentose, becoming nearly glabrous, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots sometimes truncate or slightly cordate at the broad base, more deeply lobed, and frequently 3′ long and wide.Flowers¾′ in diameter, onelongated slender densely villose pedicels, in broad open many-flowered tomentose corymbs, with oblong or oblong-obovate acute conspicuous villose bracts and bractlets often 1½′ in length; calyx-tube broadly obconic, coated with pale tomentum, the lobes foliaceous, gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, coarsely glandular-serrate, and villose with long matted pale hairs; stamens 20; anthers large, dark red; styles 5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of pale tomentum.Fruitripening toward the end of October, in drooping many-fruited tomentose ultimately glabrous clusters, obovoid and tomentose until nearly grown, becoming when fully ripe short-oblong or slightly obovoid, rounded at the ends, bright scarlet, marked by occasional large pale dots, puberulous at apex, ¾′—1′ long; calyx enlarged, with glandular-serrate usually erect lobes, dark red at base on the upper side, often deciduous before the ripening of the fruit; flesh thick, yellow, sweet, and edible; nutlets 5, slightly grooved on the back, ¼′—⅓′ long.
A tree, often 30° high, with a tall trunk sometimes a foot in diameter, thick branches ascending while the tree is young, forming an open irregular crown, and spreading in old age into a broad symmetrical round-topped head, and branchlets dark bronze-green and covered with long matted white hairs when they first appear, becoming dull reddish brown and ultimately pale ashy gray, and armed with occasional thin nearly straight bright chestnut-brown lustrous spines usually about 2′ long, or often unarmed.
Distribution.Rich bottom-lands, Texas coast region; valley of the lower Brazos River to those of the Navidad (Canardo, Jackson County), Guadalupe (Victoria, Victoria County), and Cibolo (Sutherland Springs, Wilson County).
Fig. 435
Leaveselliptic to obovate, usually acute or occasionally rounded at apex, obtusely or acutely cuneate at the entire base, irregularly doubly serrate above with slender glandular teeth, and often divided above the midrib into narrow acuminate lobes, when they unfold conspicuously plicate, often dark red and coated above with long soft pale hairs and covered below with a thick coat of silvery white shining tomentum, about a third grown when the flowers open from the middle to the end of March, and at maturity thin but firm in texture, dark green, lustrous and scabrate above, pale and pubescent or tomentose below, and 2′—2½′ long and wide, with a slender midrib, 4 or 5 pairs of thin primary veins, and conspicuous reticulate veinlets; petioles stout, tomentose, about ½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded or obtusely cuneate at the wide base, usually deeply divided into numerous acuminate lateral lobes, often 3′ long and 2½′ wide.Flowers¾′ in diameter, on long slender tomentose pedicels, in broad many-flowered lax hoary-tomentosecorymbs, with oblong-obovate glandular-serrate villose bracts and bractlets; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, hoary-tomentose, the lobes short, acute, coarsely glandular-serrate, tomentose; stamens 20; anthers small, dark red; styles 5, surrounded at base by tufts of long snow-white hairs.Fruitripening after the middle of October, on slender nearly glabrous pedicels, in few-fruited tomentose spreading clusters, subglobose but often rather longer than broad, rounded at the ends, tomentose until nearly fully grown, glabrous at maturity, dark red, marked by numerous large pale dots, about ½′ in diameter; calyx prominent, with short spreading often deciduous lobes; flesh thin, light yellow, hard and dry, generally shrivelling before the fruit falls; nutlets 5, rounded and ridged on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, remarkable for the lustre of its white tomentum, occasionally 25° high, with a tall trunk 6′—8′ in diameter, covered with light gray scaly bark, becoming near the base of old trees deeply furrowed and nearly black, ascending branches forming a broad symmetrical head, and branchlets coated when they first appear with hoary tomentum, becoming light red-brown and more or less villose during their first season, glabrous and rather darker in their second year, and armed with numerous straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown shining spines usually 1′—1¼′ long.
Distribution.Sandy bottom-lands in open Live Oak-forests on the Brazos River, near Columbia, Brazoria County, Texas.
Fig. 436
Leavesoval to broad-ovate, acute and often short-pointed at apex, gradually narrowed and concave-cuneate at the entire base, sharply and sometimes doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and often slightly and irregularly lobed above the middle, fully grown when the flowers open about the 10th of May and then thin, light yellow-green, roughened above by short rigid pale hairs and pubescent below, particularly on the slender midrib and 5 or 6 pairs of remote primary veins, and at maturity thin and firm, lustrous and scabrate on the upper surface, pale and pubescent on the lower surface, and generally about 3′ long and 2′ wide; petioles slender, winged at apex, tomentose, ultimately pubescent, 1′—1¼′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots usually ovate, coarsely serrate, more deeply lobed, and frequently 4′—5′ long and 3′—4′ wide.Flowers1′ in diameter, on long slender tomentose pedicels, in broad many-flowered lax corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, villose, the lobes narrow, acuminate, glandular-serrate, and covered more or less thickly with pale hairs; stamens 20; anthers pale rose color; styles 4 or 5, usually 5, surrounded at base by a broad ring of pale tomentum.Fruitripening in October, onlong slender pubescent pedicels, in drooping few-fruited clusters, obovoid, rounded at the ends, bright cherry-red, lustrous, marked by occasional large pale dots, about ⅝′ long and ½′ in diameter; calyx prominent, with linear glandular-serrate closely appressed lobes often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thin, light yellow, juicy; nutlets 4 or usually 5, rounded, and deeply grooved on the back, dark brown, ⅝′ long.
A tree, 25°—30° high, with a trunk a foot in diameter, spreading branches forming a broad symmetrical head, and slender branchlets light green and villose when they first appear with long matted pale hairs, dull red-brown and pubescent in their first season, becoming glabrous the following year, and armed with occasional thin nearly straight bright chestnut-brown shining spines usually about 1½′ long.
Distribution.Rich bottom-lands of the streams of Shannon County, southern Missouri.
Fig. 437
Leavesovate to suborbicular, acute or rounded and short-pointed at apex, broadly cuneate or rounded at the entire base, coarsely and sharply doubly serrate above with glandular teeth, and often irregularly divided above the middle into short broad acute lateral lobes, less than half grown when the flowers open during the last week of April and then dark green and villose above and covered below with a thick coat of hoary tomentum, and at maturity subcoriaceous, dark blue-green, lustrous and scabrate on the upper surface, yellow-green and tomentose on the lower surface, 1½′—2′ long, and 1′—1½′ wide, with a thick midrib, and 3—5 pairs of stout primary veins extending obliquely to the point of the lobes; petioles stout, tomentose, ½′—¾′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots often broad-ovate, very coarsely glandular-serrate, rounded or truncate at base, and frequently 3′ long and wide.Flowers¾′ in diameter, on short stout pedicels covered with long matted pale hairs, in compact many-flowered hoary-tomentose corymbs, with large glandular-serrate conspicuous bracts and bractlets persistent until the flowers open; calyx-tube broadly obconic, hairy, the lobes short, broad, acute, glandular with minute stipitate glands, densely villose on the outer surface and slightly villose on the inner surface; stamens 20; anthers rose color; styles 5, surrounded at base by large tufts of snow-white hairs.Fruitripening at the end of October, on short tomentose erect pedicels, in few-fruited clusters, subglobose to short-oblong, rounded and slightly hairy at the ends, ½′ in diameter; calyx enlarged, with villose coarsely serrate usually erect spreading or incurved persistent lobes bright red on the upper side near the base; flesh thin, orange color, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, thin, rounded and very irregularly ridged on the back, about ¼′ long.
A tree, sometimes 25° high, with a stout trunk covered with pale bark, spreading anderect branches, and stout zigzag branchlets light green and villose early in the season, dull red-brown and sparingly villose or pubescent at the end of their first year, becoming dark or light gray-brown, and armed with many long straight purple shining ultimately ashy gray spines 1¼′—3½′ in length.
Distribution.Southwestern Missouri; common near Webb City, Jasper County; well distinguished by the distinctly blue color of the small leaves, the dark crimson hard fruits and by the remarkable development of the spines unusual in the species of this group.
Fig. 438
Leavesbroad-ovate or rarely oval, acute, regularly divided above the middle into numerous short acute lobes, and coarsely doubly serrate with straight glandular teeth except at the rounded truncate or occasionally cuneate base, coated with dense matted pale hairs when they unfold, about half grown when the flowers open at the end of May or early in June and then roughened above by stout stiff hairs and soft-pubescent below, and at maturity thin, smooth, very dark green and lustrous above, paler below, and slightly villose on the under side of the slender midrib, and of the thin prominent primary veins extending to the point of the lobes, 2′—3′ long and wide; petioles slender, densely villose early in the season, becoming puberulous, ¾′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots acute or acuminate, round or obtusely cuneate at base, more deeply lobed, often 3′—4′ long and 3′ wide.Flowersabout ¾′ in diameter, on slender pedicels, in broad many-flowered tomentose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, densely tomentose, the lobes narrow, elongated, acuminate, glandular-serrate, villose on both surfaces; stamens 10; anthers, large, pale yellow; styles 3—5, usually 3 or 4, surrounded at base by a broad ring of thick hoary tomentum.Fruitripening about the middle of August and mostly falling before the first of September, on stout pedicels, in erect spreading or rarely drooping few-fruited villose clusters, subglobose but rather longer than broad, bright crimson marked by many large pale dots, villose, particularly toward the ends, with long scattered white hairs, ¾′ long; calyx little enlarged, with elongated coarsely glandular-serrate spreading lobes often deciduous before the fruit ripens; flesh thick, bright yellow, subacid; nutlets 3 or 4, light-colored, prominently ridged on the back with a high rounded ridge, about ¼′ long.
A tree, 15°—20° high, with a short trunk 10′—12′ in diameter, stout ascending branches forming a broad open irregular head, and slender conspicuously zigzag branchlets clothed early in the season with long matted pale hairs, becoming dark orange-brown and very lustrous before midsummer, glabrous or puberulous during their first winter, bright orange-brownor gray-brown during their second year, and armed with many stout straight or slightly curved bright chestnut-brown shining spines 2½′—3′ long.
Distribution.Thickets on a dry bank in the Arnold Arboretum, valley of the Mystic River at West Medford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and near Lyme, New London County, Connecticut.
Often cultivated in the parks and gardens in the neighborhood of Boston; very conspicuous and easily recognized in winter by its ascending remarkably zigzag branchlets.
Fig. 439
Leavesovate, acute, rounded, truncate, slightly cordate or broad-cuneate at base, usually divided into 2 or 3 pairs of short narrow acute lobes, and coarsely often doubly serrate with glandular teeth, roughened above by short pale hairs and villose below when they unfold, nearly fully grown when the flowers open early in June, and at maturity thick and firm in texture, conspicuously blue-green and glabrous above, light yellow-green and somewhat pubescent below on the slender midrib and remote primary veins, 2′—2½′ long, and 1′—1½′ wide; petioles slender, more or less tomentose early in the season, usually becoming glabrous and light red below the middle before autumn, and ¾′—1′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, rounded or slightly cordate at base, more deeply lobed, and often 3′—4′ long and wide.Flowers¾′ in diameter, on short slender densely villose pedicels, in compact few-flowered densely villose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, coated with thick hoary tomentum, the lobes lanceolate, finely glandular-serrate, tomentose on the outer surface usually only below the middle, villose on the inner surface; stamens 10; anthers small, light yellow; styles 5, surrounded at base by tufts of pale hairs.Fruitripening early in September and usually remaining on the branches during the remainder of the year, on short slightly pubescent pedicels, in compact erect villose clusters, obovoid to short-oblong, bright scarlet, marked by scattered pale dots, more or less villose or pubescent toward the ends; calyx prominent, persistent, with a long tube, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acuminate, finely glandular-serrate, villose, dark red on the upper side below the middle, spreading or erect; flesh thick, yellow, dry and mealy; nutlets 5, ridged on the back with a broad ridge,5/16′ long.
A tree, 15°—20° high, with a tall trunk 8′—10′ in diameter, covered with deeply fissured bark separating into thin loose plate-like scales, stout wide-spreading branches forming a broad round-topped often symmetrical head, and slender somewhat zigzag branchlets coated early in the season with hoary tomentum, soon becoming glabrous and light chestnut-brownand lustrous, and armed with straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown spines 1½′—2′ long.
Distribution.Limestone ridges; valley of the St. Lawrence River near Montreal, Province of Quebec, southward through the Champlain valley to eastern New York and westward through New York, and southern Ontario to the neighborhood of Toronto.
Fig. 440
Leavesovate, acuminate, rounded or abruptly cuneate at base, coarsely often doubly serrate with straight glandular teeth, and slightly divided into 3 or 4 pairs of short broad acuminate lobes, slightly tinged with red when they unfold, more than half grown when the flowers open the middle of May and then thin, dark yellow-green and roughened above by short white hairs and villose on the prominent midrib and primary veins below, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and scabrate on the upper surface, paler, scabrate and still somewhat villose on the midrib and veins below, 2½′—3½′ long, and 2′—2¾′ wide; petioles slender, slightly wing-margined at apex, villose through the season, occasionally glandular, 1¼′—1½′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots rounded or truncate at base, coarsely serrate, more deeply lobed, and often 4′—4½′ long and broad, with a stout midrib, prominent primary veins, a conspicuously glandular petiole, and large foliaceous lunate coarsely glandular-serrate persistent stipules.Flowers¾′—1′ in diameter, on slender densely villose pedicels in broad lax hairy mostly 8—15-flowered corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, covered with long white hairs, the lobes long, slender, acuminate, laciniately glandular-serrate, glabrous on the outer surface, villose on the inner surface; stamens 8—12; anthers faintly tinged with pink; styles 3—5.Fruitripening and falling early in October, on short stout drooping slightly hairy pedicels, in 4—12-fruited clusters, short-obovoid, full and rounded at apex, bright orange-red marked by small pale dots, puberulous at the ends, ¾′—1′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, with small spreading lobes dark red on the upper side, their tips often deciduous from the ripe fruit; flesh thick, orange-yellow, somewhat acidulous, edible, sometimes made into jelly; nutlets 3—5, rounded at apex, acute at base, rounded and slightly grooved or ridged on the back, about ⅓′ long.
A tree, sometimes 30° high, with a tall trunk often 18′ in diameter, covered with dark gray scaly bark, large spreading branches forming a wide symmetrical round-topped head, and stout slightly zigzag branchlets dark orange-green and more or less tinged with red when they first appear, becoming dark chestnut-brown, marked by large dark lenticels and more or less pubescent in their first season, dark red-brown the following year, and armed with stout straight or slightly curved chestnut-brown spines 1′—1½′ long.
Distribution.Meadows in low moist soil near Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
Fig. 441
Leavesovate, acute, gradually narrowed and cuneate at the nearly entire base, coarsely doubly serrate above with straight glandular teeth, and divided into 3 or 4 pairs of short acute lobes, half grown at the end of May or early in June when the flowers open and then roughened above by short stiff pale hairs and soft-pubescent below, particularly on the midrib and veins, and at maturity thin, dark yellow-green and scabrate above, pale below, 3′—3½′ long, and 2′—2½′ wide, with a thick yellow midrib and remote primary veins puberulous on the lower side; petioles stout, nearly terete, more or less winged at apex, tomentose early in the season, becoming puberulous, often bright red toward the base, 1′—2′ in length; leaves at the end of vigorous shoots broad-ovate, cuneate, rounded, truncate, or occasionally slightly cordate at base, often 4′ long and 3′—3½′ wide.Flowers1′ in diameter, on long slender villose pedicels, in broad many-flowered tomentose corymbs; calyx-tube narrowly obconic, covered with a thick coat of long matted white hairs, the lobes gradually narrowed from a broad base, acute, glandular with large red stipitate glands, glabrous or villose on the outer surface; stamens 10; anthers small, pale yellow; styles 3—5, surrounded at base by a narrow ring of long white hairs.Fruitripening and falling during the first half of September, on elongated slender slightly villose pedicels, in broad gracefully drooping many-fruited clusters, obovoid, bright orange-red, lustrous, marked by large scattered pale dots, puberulous toward the base, about ¾′ long; calyx much enlarged, with erect coarsely glandular-serrate persistent lobes; flesh yellow, thin, subacid, dry and mealy; nutlets usually 5, rounded and slightly ridged on the back, about ⅓′ in length.
A tree, 20°—25° high, with a tall trunk occasionally a foot in diameter, ascending or spreading ashy gray branches forming a broad handsome head, and branchlets dark green and coated with hoary tomentum when they first appear, light or dark orange-brown and slightly tomentose at midsummer, becoming glabrous, lustrous, and light red-brown or dark orange-brown, and armed with numerous thin straight or somewhat curved bright chestnut-brown shining spines 2½′—3′ in length.
Distribution.Rich damp hillsides and the borders of woods and roads; valley of the St. Lawrence River from the Isle of Orleans westward; Hull County, Province of Quebec; near Ottawa, Ontario; valley of the Penobscot River and Gerrish Island, Maine to the coast of eastern Massachusetts.
Fig. 442
Leavesoval, acute, rounded or broad-cuneate at the entire base, irregularly divided usually only above the middle into numerous short acute lobes, and coarsely and oftendoubly serrate above with straight or incurved glandular teeth, about half grown when the flowers open the middle of May, and then roughened above by short pale hairs and villose below on the slender midrib and primary veins, and at maturity thin, light green and scabrate on the upper surface, pale and nearly glabrous on the lower surface, 2½′—3½′ long, and 2′—3′ wide; petioles slender, villose early in the season, finally glabrous, 1½′—2′ in length; stipules oblong-obovate, acute, villose, coarsely glandular-serrate, ½′ long, those of the upper leaves mostly persistent until after the ripening of the fruit.Flowers1′ in diameter, on short stout hairy pedicels, in many-flowered densely villose corymbs; calyx-tube broadly obconic, villose, the lobes long, lanceolate, glandular with small pale stalked glands, villose on both surfaces; stamens 10, sometimes 8; anthers small, rose color; styles 3—5.Fruitripening and falling at the end of September, on slender glabrous pedicels, in drooping villose many-fruited crowded clusters, short-oblong, full and rounded at the ends, bright crimson, lustrous, covered at the ends with scattered pale hairs, 1′ long, and ½′—¾′ in diameter; calyx little enlarged, the lobes elongated, glandular-serrate above the middle, villose on the inner surface, spreading, or erect and incurved; flesh thin, yellow, juicy and acid; nutlets 3—5, thick, pale brown, deeply and often doubly and irregularly grooved on the back, ¼′—⅓′ long.
A tree, sometimes 20° high, with a tall trunk often a foot in diameter, covered with pale gray scaly bark, stout ascending branches forming a broad symmetrical head, and slender zigzag branchlets dark green and clothed at first with long matted pale hairs, becoming in their first summer light chestnut-brown and slightly villose, dark chestnut-brown and very lustrous in their second year, and armed with stout straight or somewhat curved dark chestnut-brown shining spines 1½′—2′ long.
Distribution.Western New York (common) to western Pennsylvania, and through southern Ontario to southern Michigan.
Cratægus spissifloraSarg.