or 28600 / 53280 =53.7 cent per ton
Total Expense $ 75,069.60
or 75069.60 / 53280 =$ 1.409 per ton
Divided as follows:
[12]
NUMBER FOUR
Manufacturing Costs Per Ton of Ice Using Steam Power at
Medium-Sized-Town Rates for Labor
100-ton capacity per day.
1,080--400-1b. cans.
333 days continuous full output.
7,600-ton Storage House.
COST OF POWER:
A modern, highly efficient and economical steam driven high speed compressor plant must be installed so as to get the maximum power out of coal. The boiler-room will contain two 200-H. P. water-tube boilers with automatic stokers and coal bin overhead holding two weeks' supply of coal. Steam pressure 175 lbs. As the firing of the boilers is automatic and requires practically no work on the part of the engineers, no firemen will be needed. Ashes will also be automatically removed. The engine room equipment will consist of two 100-ton high speed compressors, direct connected to two Simple Condensing Unaflow Engines; also two generators, two cooling tower pumps, two air compressors, switchboard, etc. All to be equipped with the latest labor and power-saving devices.
Equipped as above, 25 tons of refrigeration can be easily obtained from one ton of ordinary 12500 B T U coal. 1.8 tons of refrigeration is required to produce one ton of ice, including the cooling of the storage house.
Therefore, the power cost of making one ton of ice with coal at $5.00 per ton equals $5.00 divided by 25/1.8 = 37 cent. (One cent per ton of ice is added for heating of dipping-tank water.Assuming one month's shut down for inspection and repairs, the total output of 100 tons of ice for 333 days amounts to 33,300 tons of ice.
The total power cost of making 33,300 tons of ice is therefore,33,300 x 37 cent, equals $ 12,321.00
[13]
ENGINE ROOM AND ICE PLANT LABOR COST:
or 13160 / 33300 =39.52 cent per ton
Engineer will do his own firing of boilers and will pull all the ice and set it up in ante room if required. One pull required every 70 minutes.
Chief Engineer will act as shipping clerk.
OFFICE EXPENSE:
or 3300 / 33300 =9.9 cent per ton
or 1500 / 33300 =4.5 cent per ton
[14]
OVERHEAD CHARGES:
or 19520 / 33300 ==68.7 cent per ton
Total Expense $ 52,298.50
or 52298.50 / 33300 =$1.57 per ton
Divided as follows:
[15]
OTTO LUHR
CONSULTING ENGINEER
&
HERMAN FRIEDL
ARCHITECT
ICE MAKING SYSTEM
154 W. RANDOLPH STREET, CHICAGO
[Transcriber's Note]
I found this document and the attached papers and photographs among my father's papers. I offer it as an insight into the finances and structure of business and trades in the early 1900's.
There are no dates included in this document but a Google search of "Otto Luhr" produced these items:
Mechanical and Refrigerating Engineer's Handy Book; Otto Luhr; 1913.Automatic refrigerating liquid feeder and regulator; United States Patent 1725875; 8/27/1929.Refrigerator car; United States Patent 1642882; 9/20/1927.
Since the title page states "Patent Applied For", this document was probably published around 1925.
Note the prices quoted for materials and labor:
Coal, $5.00 a ton. [In 2009, about $100/ton, down from $300 in 2008.]Unskilled Labor, $6.00/day; that's DAY, not HOUR.Skilled Labor, $8 to $10/dayElectricity, $0.009/KWH [my latest bill (in 2009) was $0.1317/KWH]
Note the job titles in the attached documents: Barnmen, Washers, Blacksmiths
Finally, the optimistic tone of the document contrasts with the decline of the ice business in the 1940's, fifteen years later. I remember the ice deliveries and the weight sign my mother put in the window before we got our first mechanical refrigerator after World War II.
[End Transcriber's Note]
DETROIT CREAMERY COMPANY
ORGANIZATION
1 -- Board of Directors
2 -- Operating Committee
TREASURER & COMPTROLLER
Harry J. Weigand
Accounting - Detroit Creamery & Subsidiaries
Loans & Contracts - Detroit Creamery & Subsidiaries
Appropriations - Detroit Creamery & Subsidiaries
Banks - Detroit Creamery & Subsidiaries
Account Dept Personnel - Detroit Creamery & Subsidiaries
Credits & Collections
Corporate Records
Purchasing Department
Legal Department
PLANT ENGINEERING--MAINTAINANCE
POWER and REFRIGERATION
John Kostuch (Chief Engineer)
Paul Culver (Consulting)
Norman Mitehell (Technical) (Advisory) (Dept. Head)
HENRY STREET (MAINTAINANCE)
James Crunnley (In Charge)
(a) Electrical & General (Ray Casson)
(b) Conveyors, Bottle Washers, Fillers, Cappers (Howard Strauss)
(c) All other Machinery (Assign Mechanics)
HENRY STREET (POWER & REFRIGERATION)
Harry Hollenbeck (In Charge)
(a) Engineers
(b) Firemen
MAIN PLANT (MAINTAINANCE) (POWER & REFRIGERATION)
John Kostuch (In Charge)
REC. STATIONS & MFG. PLANTS
John Kostuch (Chief)
Elmer DeWitt(Asst)
Frank Mortimer (Mech)
C. S. McBride (Production Dept.)
SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
John Kostuch (Chief)
Paul Culver--Norman Mitchell--Dept. Head
MACHINE SHOP (MAIN PLANT)
John Kostuch (In Charge)
TRANSPORTATION & SHOPS
J. Harry Watson