American(an), Manhi̍-tánga (anFrench).Arm, ischtó.Arrow, uan (anFrench).Autumn, tandje (anandjFrench).Avenge(v), gráschupä.Beard, putain (tainFrench), or indjähin (jFrench;innasal, likei).Bird, uaschi̍nga.Black, sábä.Blind, ischtá-uä̍rabaje (jFrench;edistinctly pronounced).Blood, uahpi̍h.Blue, tóh.Bone(bones), uah-huh.Bow, minn-djä (jFrench).Brave, uanompasche (scheGerman; distinctly pronounced).Brave man, uassissigä (guttural).Brook, uatschi̍ska.Brother(older), uischiniäh.Brother(younger), uissonga.Child, schi̍nga-schinga.Cold(adj), sni̍h; very cold, sni̍h-uatschä.Copper(metal), mansä̍-sih.Dance(v), uatschi̍.Day, hambá (French).Deaf, nihü̍tsche-ning-kä (e½; the whole run together).Devil(evil spirit), uakán-pi̍hschä (ashort and ½).Die(v), ts-ä̍h (tsis merely a fore tone).Dish(of wood), i̍ntschipä (German throughout).Dog, schong-gä (German).Door, tischúpä.Dream(v), hombra (German throughout).Drink(v), latan (French).Dumb, i̍ha-baje (jFrench;edistinctly pronounced).Ear, natáh: hence mule, natáh-tánga; i.e., big ears.Earth, makáh, or maniga (guttural, indistinct).Enemy, okitsche (e½).Englishman, Sanganásch.Evening, pah-set-tan (anFrench).Eye, ischtá.Father, indadjä (jFrench).Feather, manschon (onFrench).Fire, pedje (jFrench;edistinctly pronounced).Flesh, táh-tóhka.Forest, schán.Frenchman, Ischtáchä (chGerman, guttural).Friend, korá.Go(v), grih-grah (German throughout;rwith the point of the tongue).God, uakán-tánga (firstanFrench) or uakoͣ́nda.Good, tanhä (anFrench); it tastes good, láhgenih.Great(tall), tánga (German, guttural).Gun, uahóta; rifle, minh-gi̍ng-graha.Hair, pah-hah.Hand, nompé (omFrench).Head, páh.Healthy, ansi̍ri.Heart, nonn-je (jFrench;edistinctly pronounced).Heat, (n), man-schtä (anFrench;schtaGerman).Horse, kawa; plural is the same.House(lodge), ti̍h.Hunger, nompä-anhin (omFrench likewiseanand finalin.nasal, likei).Hunt(v), tábreh.I, uïe (e½).Ice, tschácha (chguttural).Iron, mansä̍ (anFrench); yellow iron.Kettle(iron), tschäckä̍.Knife, manhi (anFrench).Lame, ih-rá-ha.Lance, uä̍h-schap-schäh (the whole run together).Lead(n), mansä-man (anFrench).Leader(chief), kahigä̍.Leg, schä̍ga (German throughout).Life, ani̍h.Lightning, uakin-ala (innasal, almost likei; the whole run together).Man, niká; nika-schiga, several men, people.Meal(or to eat?), uanúmbra (German throughout).Medicine-feast, opä̍han-uakan (anFrench); or medicine-day, hámba-uakan (amandanFrench).Medicine-lodge, kih-uakándagä.Medicine-man, uakándagä (German throughout;gguttural).Medicine-pouch, uahhóbä.Moon, mi̍h, or mi̍h-ómba (omFrench).Morning, han-bach-tschä (hanFrench;bachGerman guttural).Mother, ni̍h-tánga.Mountain, pahha.Mountain(great), pahha-tánga.Mountain(small), pahha-schi̍nga.Mourning(n), nanschischon.Mouth, i-há.Much(many), hühe (e½).Negro, ni̍ka-sabä.Night, hán-dje (anandjFrench;eshort).Nose, pah-schu.Pipe(tobacco), naniómba.Powder(gun-powder), nichotsche (chguttural;edistinct).Quick, uasch-kan (kanFrench).Quiver, uáh-onju (nandjFrench); this, as well as bow and arrow, no longer occurs among them.Red, schúdja (jFrench).Red(to paint red), schudja-gáhcha (chguttural).River, uatschi̍ska-tánga; i.e., great brook, or river; they call the Missouri, Nih-schodje (jFrench;e½), i.e., the muddy water.Sand, tschansemon (French).Scalp(n), pahá.Scalp(v; scalp an enemy), pahá-rüsá.Scalp-dance(war-dance), tután-uatschi.Shield(n), uágrä (short;rwith the point of the tongue); to carry a shield, tschehá-uágrä.Sick, itüh-häga (run together).Silver, mansaskan (anFrench); i.e., white iron.Small, uah-hohstia, or uah-hohta.Smoke(n), schódiä.Snow(n), wáh.Speak(v), i̍hha-uaska.Spirits(distilled), pädjini̍h.Spring(the season), päädje (aaseparated;jFrench).Star, uïtscháchpe (chGerman, guttural).Stingy(greedy), uah-chrih (chwith the point of the tongue).Stone, in (insomewhat nasal, likei).Strong, uaschkan-gran-rä (anandgranFrench).Summer, bellokellan (anFrench).Sun, uin (uandiseparated;innasal, likei).Teeth, hi̍h.Thunder(n), gronhóta.Tobacco(smoking tobacco), nanähü.Tomahawk(with the pipe), manhispä-nani̍omba (anFrench).Tongue, lähja (jFrench).Toothache, hi̍h-hi̍h.Trail, ohschángä (German).Ugly, pih-sche (e½).Village, taman (anFrench).War, tu-tan (anFrench).War-club(casse tête, tomahawk), manhispä-schi̍nga.Warmth, manschtä (anFrench).Wash(v), gruschá.Water, ni̍h.Weep(v), hagä̍.White(color), skáh.Widow, ni̍hka-tombaschä (omFrench).Wind(n), tadjä (jFrench).Winter, páhletan (eshort;anFrench).Woman(wife), uakó (uaseparated).Wood, tschán (anFrench).Yellow, si̍h.Yes, hóh-uä.
American(an), Manhi̍-tánga (anFrench).
Arm, ischtó.
Arrow, uan (anFrench).
Autumn, tandje (anandjFrench).
Avenge(v), gráschupä.
Beard, putain (tainFrench), or indjähin (jFrench;innasal, likei).
Bird, uaschi̍nga.
Black, sábä.
Blind, ischtá-uä̍rabaje (jFrench;edistinctly pronounced).
Blood, uahpi̍h.
Blue, tóh.
Bone(bones), uah-huh.
Bow, minn-djä (jFrench).
Brave, uanompasche (scheGerman; distinctly pronounced).
Brave man, uassissigä (guttural).
Brook, uatschi̍ska.
Brother(older), uischiniäh.
Brother(younger), uissonga.
Child, schi̍nga-schinga.
Cold(adj), sni̍h; very cold, sni̍h-uatschä.
Copper(metal), mansä̍-sih.
Dance(v), uatschi̍.
Day, hambá (French).
Deaf, nihü̍tsche-ning-kä (e½; the whole run together).
Devil(evil spirit), uakán-pi̍hschä (ashort and ½).
Die(v), ts-ä̍h (tsis merely a fore tone).
Dish(of wood), i̍ntschipä (German throughout).
Dog, schong-gä (German).
Door, tischúpä.
Dream(v), hombra (German throughout).
Drink(v), latan (French).
Dumb, i̍ha-baje (jFrench;edistinctly pronounced).
Ear, natáh: hence mule, natáh-tánga; i.e., big ears.
Earth, makáh, or maniga (guttural, indistinct).
Enemy, okitsche (e½).
Englishman, Sanganásch.
Evening, pah-set-tan (anFrench).
Eye, ischtá.
Father, indadjä (jFrench).
Feather, manschon (onFrench).
Fire, pedje (jFrench;edistinctly pronounced).
Flesh, táh-tóhka.
Forest, schán.
Frenchman, Ischtáchä (chGerman, guttural).
Friend, korá.
Go(v), grih-grah (German throughout;rwith the point of the tongue).
God, uakán-tánga (firstanFrench) or uakoͣ́nda.
Good, tanhä (anFrench); it tastes good, láhgenih.
Great(tall), tánga (German, guttural).
Gun, uahóta; rifle, minh-gi̍ng-graha.
Hair, pah-hah.
Hand, nompé (omFrench).
Head, páh.
Healthy, ansi̍ri.
Heart, nonn-je (jFrench;edistinctly pronounced).
Heat, (n), man-schtä (anFrench;schtaGerman).
Horse, kawa; plural is the same.
House(lodge), ti̍h.
Hunger, nompä-anhin (omFrench likewiseanand finalin.nasal, likei).
Hunt(v), tábreh.
I, uïe (e½).
Ice, tschácha (chguttural).
Iron, mansä̍ (anFrench); yellow iron.
Kettle(iron), tschäckä̍.
Knife, manhi (anFrench).
Lame, ih-rá-ha.
Lance, uä̍h-schap-schäh (the whole run together).
Lead(n), mansä-man (anFrench).
Leader(chief), kahigä̍.
Leg, schä̍ga (German throughout).
Life, ani̍h.
Lightning, uakin-ala (innasal, almost likei; the whole run together).
Man, niká; nika-schiga, several men, people.
Meal(or to eat?), uanúmbra (German throughout).
Medicine-feast, opä̍han-uakan (anFrench); or medicine-day, hámba-uakan (amandanFrench).
Medicine-lodge, kih-uakándagä.
Medicine-man, uakándagä (German throughout;gguttural).
Medicine-pouch, uahhóbä.
Moon, mi̍h, or mi̍h-ómba (omFrench).
Morning, han-bach-tschä (hanFrench;bachGerman guttural).
Mother, ni̍h-tánga.
Mountain, pahha.
Mountain(great), pahha-tánga.
Mountain(small), pahha-schi̍nga.
Mourning(n), nanschischon.
Mouth, i-há.
Much(many), hühe (e½).
Negro, ni̍ka-sabä.
Night, hán-dje (anandjFrench;eshort).
Nose, pah-schu.
Pipe(tobacco), naniómba.
Powder(gun-powder), nichotsche (chguttural;edistinct).
Quick, uasch-kan (kanFrench).
Quiver, uáh-onju (nandjFrench); this, as well as bow and arrow, no longer occurs among them.
Red, schúdja (jFrench).
Red(to paint red), schudja-gáhcha (chguttural).
River, uatschi̍ska-tánga; i.e., great brook, or river; they call the Missouri, Nih-schodje (jFrench;e½), i.e., the muddy water.
Sand, tschansemon (French).
Scalp(n), pahá.
Scalp(v; scalp an enemy), pahá-rüsá.
Scalp-dance(war-dance), tután-uatschi.
Shield(n), uágrä (short;rwith the point of the tongue); to carry a shield, tschehá-uágrä.
Sick, itüh-häga (run together).
Silver, mansaskan (anFrench); i.e., white iron.
Small, uah-hohstia, or uah-hohta.
Smoke(n), schódiä.
Snow(n), wáh.
Speak(v), i̍hha-uaska.
Spirits(distilled), pädjini̍h.
Spring(the season), päädje (aaseparated;jFrench).
Star, uïtscháchpe (chGerman, guttural).
Stingy(greedy), uah-chrih (chwith the point of the tongue).
Stone, in (insomewhat nasal, likei).
Strong, uaschkan-gran-rä (anandgranFrench).
Summer, bellokellan (anFrench).
Sun, uin (uandiseparated;innasal, likei).
Teeth, hi̍h.
Thunder(n), gronhóta.
Tobacco(smoking tobacco), nanähü.
Tomahawk(with the pipe), manhispä-nani̍omba (anFrench).
Tongue, lähja (jFrench).
Toothache, hi̍h-hi̍h.
Trail, ohschángä (German).
Ugly, pih-sche (e½).
Village, taman (anFrench).
War, tu-tan (anFrench).
War-club(casse tête, tomahawk), manhispä-schi̍nga.
Warmth, manschtä (anFrench).
Wash(v), gruschá.
Water, ni̍h.
Weep(v), hagä̍.
White(color), skáh.
Widow, ni̍hka-tombaschä (omFrench).
Wind(n), tadjä (jFrench).
Winter, páhletan (eshort;anFrench).
Woman(wife), uakó (uaseparated).
Wood, tschán (anFrench).
Yellow, si̍h.
Yes, hóh-uä.
Blanket(woolen), hahi̍n (innasal, likei).Deer's-tail(hair ornament), táhsinnja (jFrench).Leggings, hü̍hninggä (German).Moccasins, hómpä (omFrench).Shirt, o̍ch-kiüera (chguttural;e½); i.e., white man's shirt, for they wear none, not even of leather.
Blanket(woolen), hahi̍n (innasal, likei).
Deer's-tail(hair ornament), táhsinnja (jFrench).
Leggings, hü̍hninggä (German).
Moccasins, hómpä (omFrench).
Shirt, o̍ch-kiüera (chguttural;e½); i.e., white man's shirt, for they wear none, not even of leather.
One, uïnchtschä (uinchnasal;uandiseparated;nFrench;chguttural).Two, nombá (omFrench).Three, lahbeni (e½;nishort).Four, toh-bá.Five, sah-tá (ssoft;tashort).Six, schah-pé.Seven, peh-umbá (German).Eight, kih-atóba.Nine, grä̍bena-tscheh-uïningkä̍ (the whole run together); i.e., ten less one; they also say, schangká.Ten, grä̍bena (e½;nashort).Eleven, grä̍bena-ahgenä-uächze (uachnasal;achguttural;zeshort).Twelve, grä̍bena-agenih-nombá.Thirteen, grä̍bena-lahbeni.Twenty, grä̍bena-nombá; and so on.Hundred, grä̍bena-hütanga.Thousand, grä̍bena-itó-grabë̍na-hütanga.I eat, uaranombra-tatsch, or uanumbra-minktsch.You(thou)eat, uaranumbra.He eats, same as I eat.We eat, there is no plural form, the plural is expressed by using "many."Eat(imper singular and plural), uanumbra.I shall eat, nomp-eh-anhin-uaranumbra-tatsch (anandnFrench); i.e., I am hungry and shall eat.
One, uïnchtschä (uinchnasal;uandiseparated;nFrench;chguttural).
Two, nombá (omFrench).
Three, lahbeni (e½;nishort).
Four, toh-bá.
Five, sah-tá (ssoft;tashort).
Six, schah-pé.
Seven, peh-umbá (German).
Eight, kih-atóba.
Nine, grä̍bena-tscheh-uïningkä̍ (the whole run together); i.e., ten less one; they also say, schangká.
Ten, grä̍bena (e½;nashort).
Eleven, grä̍bena-ahgenä-uächze (uachnasal;achguttural;zeshort).
Twelve, grä̍bena-agenih-nombá.
Thirteen, grä̍bena-lahbeni.
Twenty, grä̍bena-nombá; and so on.
Hundred, grä̍bena-hütanga.
Thousand, grä̍bena-itó-grabë̍na-hütanga.
I eat, uaranombra-tatsch, or uanumbra-minktsch.
You(thou)eat, uaranumbra.
He eats, same as I eat.
We eat, there is no plural form, the plural is expressed by using "many."
Eat(imper singular and plural), uanumbra.
I shall eat, nomp-eh-anhin-uaranumbra-tatsch (anandnFrench); i.e., I am hungry and shall eat.
Ayowas, Páhodjä.Comanches, Baschtá.Crows, Kahchä̍ (chguttural).Dacotas, Schauánn (aanduseparated).Foxes, given same name as Sahkis.Konzas, Kansä̍ (anFrench).Missouris, Waschóra.Omáhas, Omahá.Otos, Wadochtáta (ochguttural).Pahnis, Pani̍.Sakis, Sáhki.
Ayowas, Páhodjä.
Comanches, Baschtá.
Crows, Kahchä̍ (chguttural).
Dacotas, Schauánn (aanduseparated).
Foxes, given same name as Sahkis.
Konzas, Kansä̍ (anFrench).
Missouris, Waschóra.
Omáhas, Omahá.
Otos, Wadochtáta (ochguttural).
Pahnis, Pani̍.
Sakis, Sáhki.
Antelope, tatóhka.Badger, hogá (gaGerman, guttural).Bear(black), uassábä.Bear(grizzly), mantó (anFrench).Beaver, tscháhbä.Buffalo(bull), tschetoga.Buffalo(calf), tschéh-schínga.Buffalo(cow), tschéh.Cat, mi̍hka.Cat(European), ing-grong-grä̍scha (German).Elk(general name), opán (anFrench).Elk(calf), opán-schinga.Elk(doe), opán-mi̍nga (second word German).Elk(stag), opán-tánga, or hächága (chguttural).Fox, schongréscha (German).Fox(prairie), schongréscha-schi̍nga.Hare(white), manschtin-skah.Lynx(felix rufa), mih-ká.Muskrat, táh-si.Opossum, sindiäschtá.Otter, tochenángä (chGerman, guttural).Panther, ingróng-ga (German throughout; run together).Panther-skin, ingrónggaha.Rabbit(hare), manschtin-schi̍nga (anFrench;innasal, likei).Skunk, mang-gá.Snake, uets-ah (uandeseparated; the whole run together).Snake(rattle snake), sin-diä̍-chala (chguttural).Spider, tschä̍büka.Turkey(wild), súhka.Wolf, schomikásse (edistinct).
Antelope, tatóhka.
Badger, hogá (gaGerman, guttural).
Bear(black), uassábä.
Bear(grizzly), mantó (anFrench).
Beaver, tscháhbä.
Buffalo(bull), tschetoga.
Buffalo(calf), tschéh-schínga.
Buffalo(cow), tschéh.
Cat, mi̍hka.
Cat(European), ing-grong-grä̍scha (German).
Elk(general name), opán (anFrench).
Elk(calf), opán-schinga.
Elk(doe), opán-mi̍nga (second word German).
Elk(stag), opán-tánga, or hächága (chguttural).
Fox, schongréscha (German).
Fox(prairie), schongréscha-schi̍nga.
Hare(white), manschtin-skah.
Lynx(felix rufa), mih-ká.
Muskrat, táh-si.
Opossum, sindiäschtá.
Otter, tochenángä (chGerman, guttural).
Panther, ingróng-ga (German throughout; run together).
Panther-skin, ingrónggaha.
Rabbit(hare), manschtin-schi̍nga (anFrench;innasal, likei).
Skunk, mang-gá.
Snake, uets-ah (uandeseparated; the whole run together).
Snake(rattle snake), sin-diä̍-chala (chguttural).
Spider, tschä̍büka.
Turkey(wild), súhka.
Wolf, schomikásse (edistinct).
July and August, tschetoga-ki̍rucha; i.e., the moon when the buffalo is in heat.September, October and November, tah-kiruchä, i.e., the time when the deer is in heat.December, tah-habrähka; i.e., moon of the thin hides.January and February, mi̍hka-kiruchä; i.e., the time when the lynx is in heat.March and April, oh-uä-gachä (chguttural); i.e., the time of the maize.
July and August, tschetoga-ki̍rucha; i.e., the moon when the buffalo is in heat.
September, October and November, tah-kiruchä, i.e., the time when the deer is in heat.
December, tah-habrähka; i.e., moon of the thin hides.
January and February, mi̍hka-kiruchä; i.e., the time when the lynx is in heat.
March and April, oh-uä-gachä (chguttural); i.e., the time of the maize.
FOOTNOTES:[269]Written from the pronunciation of Mr. Chardon, who had lived a long time among the Osages and understood the language perfectly. They call their people Wasaji. Formerly they were a powerful tribe, and were always at war with the neighboring Indians, even with the Konsas who speak the same dialect. They were originally divided into the Great and Little Osages; but about forty years ago a part of them, known under the name of the Chaneer's, or Clermont's band, separated from the rest and moved to the Arkansa. On the present dwelling place of the Osages, see Gallatin (ibid., p. 126). They regard themselves as autochthonous.—Maximilian.Comment by Ed.For F. A. Chardon, see our volume xxiii, p. 188, note 144. For Clermont's band and its separation from the Osage, consult our volume v, pp. 191, 192.
[269]Written from the pronunciation of Mr. Chardon, who had lived a long time among the Osages and understood the language perfectly. They call their people Wasaji. Formerly they were a powerful tribe, and were always at war with the neighboring Indians, even with the Konsas who speak the same dialect. They were originally divided into the Great and Little Osages; but about forty years ago a part of them, known under the name of the Chaneer's, or Clermont's band, separated from the rest and moved to the Arkansa. On the present dwelling place of the Osages, see Gallatin (ibid., p. 126). They regard themselves as autochthonous.—Maximilian.Comment by Ed.For F. A. Chardon, see our volume xxiii, p. 188, note 144. For Clermont's band and its separation from the Osage, consult our volume v, pp. 191, 192.
[269]Written from the pronunciation of Mr. Chardon, who had lived a long time among the Osages and understood the language perfectly. They call their people Wasaji. Formerly they were a powerful tribe, and were always at war with the neighboring Indians, even with the Konsas who speak the same dialect. They were originally divided into the Great and Little Osages; but about forty years ago a part of them, known under the name of the Chaneer's, or Clermont's band, separated from the rest and moved to the Arkansa. On the present dwelling place of the Osages, see Gallatin (ibid., p. 126). They regard themselves as autochthonous.—Maximilian.
Comment by Ed.For F. A. Chardon, see our volume xxiii, p. 188, note 144. For Clermont's band and its separation from the Osage, consult our volume v, pp. 191, 192.