ADAMANTIUS (fl. 258). Origen it quoted under this name. His commentaries on the Old Testament are the works quoted from.
AEGIDIUS CORBOLIENSIS, of Corbeil (d. 1220). A doctor at Montpellier, and Canon of Paris.
ALANUS DE INSULIS, OR DE RYSSEL (d. 1202). A monk of Canterbury, most probably an Englishman. His principal work is a poem in 9 books, called ANTI-CLAUDIANUS, largely quoted by all Middle Age writers. An account of it is given in the notes on the Secreta Secretorum (E.E.T.S.). He also wrote DE PLANCTU NATURAE, PARABOLAE, etc.
ALBERTUS MAGNUS (1193-1280). A famous doctor in the University of Paris and a Dominican Theologian. The works quoted are commentaries on the Natural Histories of Aristotle. They have often been printed. He was teacher of Thomas Aquinas and a contemporary of our author.
ALBUMAZAR (d. 886). An Arab astronomer.
ALCUIN (735-804). An English theologian: the work quoted is his "DeSeptem Artibus."
ALEXANDER NECKHAM, OR NEQUAM (1157-1217). His principal work is "DeNaturis Rerum," a book little known on the Continent. Its use byBartholomew is thus another proof of his English birth.
ALFARAGUS (9th cent.). An Arab astronomer, whose work is notable as being the chief source of the celebrated astronomical treatise, "The Sphere," of Johannes Sacrobosco (John of Halifax), a contemporary Englishman. It was the popular text-book for over three centuries, and was as well known as Euclid.
ALFREDUS ANGLICUS (fl. 1200). A physician and translator of Aristotle.See JACOB'S AESOP for a discussion on his works.
AL GHAZEL (1061-1137). A sceptic opponent of Averroes.
AMBROSE (d. 397). The Hexameron is the work used.
ANSELM (1033-1109). Theologian, Archbishop of Canterbury. The inventor of Scholasticism.
ARCHELAUS. A Greek geographer.
ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.). I would refer the reader to BRÈCHILLETJOURDAIN on the EARLY TRANSLATIONS OF ARISTOTLE, where he will find amine of information on the works of this writer used in the MiddleAge.
AUGUSTINE (d. 430).
AURORA, THE. A metrical version of the Bible by PETRUS DE RIGA, Canon of Rheims (d. 1209).
AVERROES (d. 1217). Moorish commentator on Aristotle.
AVICEBRON (d. 1070), OR IBN GEBIROL. A Spanish Jew. Author of the FONTIS VITA. A work translated by Gundisalvi, of the greatest influence on the Metaphysic of the Middle Age. See MUNCK, MÉLANGES.
AVICENNA (980-1036). An Arab physician, and commentator on Aristotle.
AYMON, OR HAYMON (d. 1244). An English Franciscan, afterwards General of the Order, who revised the breviary and rubrics.
BASIL (329-379). In HEXAMERON.
BEDE (673-735). The work by which he was best known in the thirteenth century was not his History but the works on theCalendar, etc.
BELETH, JOHN (before 1165). A French writer on ecclesiastical matters.
BESTIARIUM. A collection of early myths on animals; of Eastern origin.There are many different forms of this work. All are founded onPhysiologus.
BOETHIUS (470-526). His treatise on arithmetic is the work quoted here. His "Consolation" was almost unknown in the early Middle Age, his popularity resting on his translations of Aristotle and his treatises on Music and Arithmetic, the latter being a very important work in the history of the science.
CALLISTHENES, PSEUDO-. Author of the HISTORIA ALEXANDRI MAGNI DEPRELIIS. See BUDGE'S Syriac Version of this work.
CASSIODORUS (480-575). DE SEPTEM DISCIPLINIS. One of the favouriteMiddle Age Text-Books.
CATO (233-151 B.C.). On AGRICULTURE.
CHALCIDIUS (3rd cent.). A commentator on the TIMAEUS of Plato. Only a part of this is preserved.
CICERO (107-44 B.C.). In SOMN. SCIPIONIS.
CONSTANTINUS AFER (d. 1087). A Benedictine monk of Monte Cassino, andmost probably the introducer of Arab medicine into Italy. He wrote theVIATICUM and the PANTEGNA (20 books). He introduced Arab medicine intoEurope through the School of Salerno, translating many Arab authors.
CYPRIAN (d. 285). A Syriac astrologer, afterwards Bishop of Antioch, and Martyr in the Diocletian persecution.
DAMASCENE (11th cent.). Quoted by Constantinus Afer. A physician.
DAMASCENE, JOHN (end of 12th cent.). An Arab physician.
DAMASCIUS (circ. 533). A Syrian commentator on Aristotle, who took refuge in Persia. Author of a work on wonders quoted by Photius.
DIOSCORIDES (d. 47 B.C.).
DIONYSIUS AREOPAGITUS, PSEUDO- (circ. 400). DE CELESTI HIERARCHIA, DEDIVINIS NOMINIBUS.
DONATUS (333). A Grammarian.
EUFICIUS (circ. 600). A disciple of Gregory.
FULGENTIUS (circ. 550). A grammarian.
GILBERTUS (circ. 1250). A celebrated English physician in France; wrote COMPENDIUM MEDICINAE.
GREGORY (circ. 590). On Job.
HALY (circ. 1000). A Jewish physician. Wrote a PANTEGNI orCOMPLEMENTUM MEDICINAE. The first medical work translated byConstantius Afer.
HERMES. In ALCHEMIA (not now extant).
HUGUTION PIZANUS (d. 1210). A jurisconsult and writer on Grammar.
HYGINUS, PSEUDO- (6th cent.). Writer on Astronomy.
INNOCENT III. (d. 1216). Wrote "De Contemptu Mundi," etc.
ISAAC (circ. 660). An Arab physician, who translated many Greek authors into Arabic.
ISIDORE (d. 636). Bishop of Seville. He wrote a work on Etymology in 20 books, one of the most popular works of the Middle Age.
JACOBUS DE VITRIACO (d. 1240). A Crusading Bishop, afterwards Cardinal legate. Wrote an EXEMPLAR, and 3 books of Eastern and Western History.
JOSEPH BEN GORION (900). Abridgment of Jewish History containing many legends.
JOSEPHUS (37-95). Jewish historian.
JORATH. DE ANIMALIBUS. A Syriac writer (?).
LAPIDARIUM. See MARBODIUS DE GEMMIS. There are many treatises under this name.
LEO IX. (1054). See Migne, Patrologia.
LUCAN (d. 65). One of the most popular Latin poets of the Middle Age.
MACER FLORIDUS (6th cent.). On THE VIRTUES OF HERBS.
MACROBIUS (circ. 409). His commentary on the dream of Scipio was a favourite work in Medieval times.
MARTIANUS CAPELLA (circ. 400). Wrote a poem, THE MARRIAGE OF MERCURY AND PHILOLOGIA, treating of THE SEVEN LIBERAL ARTS, which was the standard text-book from the 5th century for the schools.
MESSAHALA (circ. 1100).
METHODIUS, PSEUDO- (8th cent.). DE AGARINI.
MICHAEL SCOT (circ. 1235). At this time concerned in the translation of some Arabic works on Astronomy, and Aristotle's DE COELO and DE MUNDO DE ANIMA, and HISTORIA NATURALIS with commentaries.
PAPIAS (circ. 1053). Grammarian. [Milan, 1467, etc.]
PERSPECTIVA SCIENCIA. I cannot say whether this is Bacon's, Peckham's, or Albertus Magnus', but I believe it to be Peckham's, who was an Englishman, and afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury.
PETRUS COMESTOR (d. 1198). Named MAGISTER HISTORIARUM or Master of Histories, wrote an account of the world from the Creation, which, when translated into French, was called the "Mer des Histoires." A favourite Medieval book.
PHILARETUS (1100). A writer on Medicine.
PHYSIOLOGUS. A Syriac compilation of moralities on animal myths. It first appears in Western Europe as THEOBALDUS DE NATURIS XII. ANIMALIUM. Of Alexandrian origin, it dates from before the fourth century, and appears to have been altered at the will of each writer.
PLATEARIUS SALERNITANUS (circ. 1100) was Johannes, one of a family of physicians at Salerno. His work is called the PRACTICA. A book on the virtues of herbs. [Lugd., 1525, etc.]
PLATO (430-348 B.C.). The TIMAEUS is quoted, probably from Chalcidius.
PLINY (d. 79). Natural History. This and Isidore's work are the two chief sources of medieval knowledge of Nature.
PRISCIAN (circ. 525). Grammarian and physicist.
PTOLEMY (circ. 130). An Alexandrian astronomer, known through Arabic translations only at that time. [Ven., 1509, etc.]
RABANUS MAURUS (776-856) of Fulda, pupil of Alcuin. A Benedictine, afterwards Archbishop of Mayence, who wrote DE UNIVERSO MUNDO. [1468; Col., 1627, etc.]
RASIS (d. 935). An Arab physician, perhaps the greatest of the School.[Ven., 1548, etc.]
REMIGIUS (d. 908). A teacher of Grammar in the School of Paris. His grammar remained in use there four centuries. He wrote a gloss on Marcianus Capella.
RICARDUS DE ST. VICTOR (d. 1173). A Scottish theologian, Prior of St.Victor. A mystic of considerable acuteness. [Ven., 1506, etc.]
RICARDUS RUFUS (circ. 1225). A Cornishman who was a doctor in great renown, both at Oxford and Paris. He afterwards joined the Franciscans.
ROBERTUS LINCOLN., GROSTÊTE (d. 1253), the celebrated Bishop ofLincoln and patron of Bacon. Taught at Paris and at Oxford.Commentaries on Aristotle.
SALUSTIUS (d. 363?). DE DIIS ET MUNDO. A geographer.
SCHOLA SALERNITANA (circ. 1100). A treatise on the preservation of health in leonine verse for popular use, said to be addressed to Robert of England. It has been translated and commented on hundreds of times. The Middle Age very sensibly thought preservation from disease a branch of medicine equally important with the cure of it.
SECUNDUS. A writer on Medicine.
SOLINUS (circ. 100). Wrote an account of things in general—POLYHISTORIA.
STEPHANUS (circ. 600). Commentary on Galen.
STRABUS (d. 847). A Benedictine, Abbot of Reichenau, near Constance.One of the authors of the Gloss.
VARRO, M. T. (116-26 B.C.). Most celebrated grammarian.
WILLIAM CONCHES (d. 1150). Lectured at Paris, 1139, on Grammar, wroteDE NATURA.
ZENO (circ. 400), A writer on Medicine, and teacher at Alexandria.
This list of Authorities cited is that given at the end of the complete work of Bartholomew.
Latin Editions
Date. Place Printer. Remarks.
HC *2500 Pr 8530 Pell 1867 1480 July 29 Lyon . Philippi & Reinhard. HC 2501 1048 1868 1481 Köln . Koelhoff HC 2502 8573 1869 1482 Nov. 21 Lyon . Petrus of Hungary HC 2503 8531a 1870 1482 Dec. 10 Lyon . Philippi & Reinhard. HC *2504 1055 1871 1483 Jan. 19 Köln . Koelhoff. H 2505 2036 1872 1483 May 30 Nürnberg Koberger H *2506 592 1873 1485 Feb. 14 Strassburg Press xv. HC *2507 3130 1874 1488 May 23 Heidelberg Press i. H 2508 .. .. 1488 Strassburg (Panzer I 36, 139) HC *2509 665 1875 1491 Aug. 11 Strassburg Press xv. HC *2510 2073 1876 1492 June 20 Nürnberg Koberger H 2511 .. .. 1495 Strassburg (Panzer I 52, 286) HC *2498 1105 1865 n.d. Köln Press viii. [circ 1473] formerly attributed to Zell. HC *2499 7452 1866 n.d. Basel Ruppel.[circ 1468] 10003 .. 1505 Aug. 11 Strassburg Husner. 11131 .. 1519 May 11 Nürnberg Peypus f.J.Koberger .. 1571 Venezia (Graesse III. 92) .. 1574 Paris. (Graesse III. 92) .. 1575 Strassburg (Graesse III. 92) .. 1601 Frankfurt Richter B.M. .. 1609 Frankfurt Stein Bib. Nat.
Dutch Version
H 2521 1479 ? ?HC 2522 9173 1886 1485 Haarlem Bellaert
Note—Pr. = Proctor.
French Version by Jehan Corbichon in1372
Date Place Printer RemarksHC 2514 Pr 8556 Pell 1880 . 1482 Nov.12 Lyon Huss.HC 2518 8561 1882 . 1485 Oct.23 Lyon Huss.HC 2515 .. 1881 . 1485-[6],Jan.26 Lyon Le RoyH 2516 .. 1883 . 1487, April 7 Lyon Huss.HC 2517 8564 1884 . 1491-[2],Mar.15 Lyon Huss... 1885 . 1496-[7] Lyon Huss. (Cop. II 884)HC 2519 .. .. . 1500 Lyon Le DiamantierHC 2513 8540 1879 . n.d. Lyon Siber (c.1482).. 1877 . ? Lyon? ImperfectHC 2512 .. 1878 . n.d. Paris for A. Verard.. 1510 Paris for Petit& Lenoir(Brunet II 1622).. 1512 Rouen n.p. (Brunet II1622).. 1518 Paris for Petit & LenoirBib.Nat... 1525 Paris P. Lenoir B.M... 1528,May 5 Paris Gandoul Voynich... c. 1530 [Paris] B.M... 1539 Paris Longis B.M... 1556 Paris L'Anglier(Brunet II 1623), Grasse says 1566.. 1556 Paris Groulleau Bib. Nat... 1556 Paris De Banville Bib.Nat... 1556 Paris M.Boursette B.M.Bib Nat.
Spanish Version by Fr. Vincent de Burgos
HC 2523 Pr 8722 Pell 1887 1494,Sep.18 Toulouse Mayer 1556 Toledo De Avila B.M.
English Version by John of Trevisa in1397
HC 2520 Pr 9725 n.d. Westminster W. de Worde[c.1495]1535 London Berthelet B.M.1582 London East B.M.
The first edition of this selection was published at London in 1893.
The 1535 edition has 8 unpaged leaves (title, table, prologue, and Book I.), 338 numbered leaves, and printer's mark of Lucretia. The following errors in pagination are noted: 181 for 189, 197 for 187, 201 for 200, 203 for 201, 211 for 209.
The chief point of interest in the Bibliography is the question raised by Wynkyn de Worde's positive statement in his edition in his epilogue:
And also of your charyte call to remembraunceThe soule of William Caxton first prynter of this bokeIn latin tonge at Coleyn hymself to avaunceThat every well disposyd man may theron lokeAnd John Tate the yonger Joy mote he brokeWhich late hathe in Englond doo make this paper thynneThat now in our Englyssh this boke is prynted Inne.
Mr. Gordon Duff is disposed to think that Caxton may have worked on the undated Cologne edition (H.C. *2498), which must in that case be put before 1476, finding a link between his Bruges type and the Cologne presses in a work printed at Louvain in 1475 which contains type of both descriptions.
Most of these editions are in the British Museum. The copy of the Berthelet edition there has an autograph of Shakespeare in it—one of the Ireland forgeries.
Accord,n., harmonyAccording,part., punning, or in harmonyAdamant,n., a diamondAddercop,n., a spiderAfeard,part., affrightedAfore,prep., beforeAlmery,n., a cupboard, a butteryAnon,adv., immediatelyApaid,v., served, repaidApaired,adj., injured, impairedAreared,adj., uprightAssay,v., to tryAught,n., anythingAvisement,n., forethought, counselAway with,v., to sufferAwreak,v., revengeAyencoming,n., returningAyenge,prep., againstAyenward,adv., vice versa
Bate,v.,hawking, to flutter the wings as if preparingfor flightBays,n., the fruit of the laurelBecause,conj., in order thatBeclip,v., embrace, enfoldBehind forth,adv., from back to frontBehooteth,v., advises, givesBehove,v., to be necessaryBernacle,n., a bridleBeshine,v., to illuminateBisse,n., a secondBlemish,v., shrink, blenchBlow,v., to obtain lead, etc., from ores in a furnaceBoisterous, boystous,adj., thick, strong, solidBourgeon,v., to bud, burst forthBray,v., to poundBrock,n., a badgerBuck,v., to washBusily,adv., carefullyBut,prep., except
Car,n., means or instrumentCarfle,v., to poundCarrions,n., corpsesCast,v., to intendChaffer,n., tradeChine,n., chink, cleftClarity,n., clearnessClepe,v., callCliff,n., shoreClue,n., a clew or hank (of yarn)Comfort,v., to strengthenCommon,v., to share one's food with others and ayenwardConject,v., conjectureCoverture,n., coveringCraftily,adv., skilfullyCulvour,n., pigeonCurtel,n,, a kirtle, a short coat, a covering
Deadly,adv., mortalDeeming,n., judgment, opinionDefault,n., deficiencyDepart,v., to separate, share outDespiteously,adv., contemptuouslyDetty,adj., generousDisperple,v., to scatter, destroyDo, done,v., to put, to donDoomsman,n., judgeDraust,n., dross, impurity
Ear,v., to reapElse,adv., otherwiseEnform,v., to makeEven tofore,adv., opposite toExpert,adv., tried
Fare,v., to happenFear,v. a., to frightenFell,n., an undressed skinFen,n., clayFine,n., a boundaryFleet,v., to float, to swim;cf. "to flit"Flux,n., a flow, a catarrhFore,n., trail, spoor;cf. "foor"Frot,v., to rubFumous,adj., vaporous, cloudyFumosity,n., vapourFundament,n., foundation
Gentle,adj., noble, high-mindedGesses,n., jesses, cords for fastening the legs of a hawkGete,n., goatsGhastful,adj., frightfulGin,a., machineGlad,v. a., to pleaseGlimy,adj., slimyGloss,n., the comment on Scripture, compiled in the ninthcentury from the fathersGlue,n.. any glutinous substanceGnod,v., to rub?Grieve,v., to hurtGrutching,n., growlingGutter,n., drop
Hale,v., to dragHap,n., chanceHards, hirds,n., towHaught,part., hatchedHeckle,v., to straighten out lint by a coarse combHele,v., to cover;cf., helingHight,v., is calledHoar,adj., feathered
Hop,n., the seed case of the flaxplantHorrible,adj., unpleasant to hearHousebond,n., husbandHovey,part., hovel, cottageHoving,part., staying
Infect,adj., spotted, injuredIntendment,n., understanding
Jape,v., to cry out
Kele,v., to coolKind,n., natureKindly,adj., natural;adv., naturally
Langhaldes,n., ropes connecting the fore and hind legs of ahorse or cow to stay it from jumpingLatten,n., a kind of brassLea,n., pasture landLesings,n., untruthsLet,v., to hinderLewd,adj., ignorantLiefer,adv., ratherLikelihood,n., resemblanceLimb,n., an instrument;cf., "limb of the law"Limbmeal,adv., limb by limb;cf., "piecemeal"List,n., a limit, borderLodesman,n., pilotLowte,v., to trumpet
Make,n., a mateManner,adj., manner of, kind ofMawmet,n., an idol or toyMean,n., intermediary, meansMean,v., to assert, considerMedley,v., to mixMeinie,n., domestics, householdMerry,adj., fortunateMeselry,n., leprosy Mess,n., portionMessager,n., messengerMete,v., measure, apportionMews,n., originally a place in which hawks were kept "mewedup"Mildness,n., generosityMinish,v., to narrowMirror,n., seems to have been used only when the surface wascurved, the word "shewer" being used for a plane mirrorMistake,v., to take wrongly
Namely,adj., especiallyNathless,con., neverthelessNe,con., norNeedly,adj., necessarilyNerve,n., sinewNesh,adj., softNether,adj., lowerNice,adj., silly, small, triflingNicely,adv., sillilyNother,con., neitherNoyful,adj., noxious, hurtfulNoying,n., harm
Ordinate,adj., ordered, prescribedOtherdeal,adv., otherwiseOverthwart,adj., crossed over on itself
Passing,adj., surpassingPatent,n., a plate or paten (patine)Pight,adj., put, pitchedPowder,n., dust of any kindPricket,n., a spike used for candlestick, hence a candlePrinciples,n., indecomposable elementsPure,v.a., to purifyPursueth,v, suiteth?
Quicken,v.i., to come to lifeQuiver,adj., nimble, active
Ramaious,adj., (hawking), slowRavish,v., to snatchReclaim,n., (hawking}, the calling back of a hawkRefudation,n., a process in which vinegar is poured on lead,distilled off, and again suffered to act on itRelief,n., a dessertRese,v., to rush on anyoneResolve,v., to loosen, weaken, to dissolveRheum,n., salt humourRibbed,adj., beaten with a "rib," in dressing flaxRidge,n., the back boneRiever,n., a violent, robber, a raiderRivelled,adj., wrinkledRively,adv., wrinkled, shrunkRodded,adj., separated from tow—"redded"Routs,n., crowdsRuthful,adj., sorrowful
Sad,adj., steadfast, solidSanguine,adj., blood-likeScarce,adj., sparing, avariciousSeethe,v., to boilSelde,adv., seldomSele,v., to coverShamefast,adj., shamefacedSheltrons,n., palisadesShern,adj., shoreShewer,n., a looking-glassShingle,n., inroofing, brushwood, or small boardsShipbreach,n., shipwreckShore,adj., shorn (of the hair)Shrewd,adj., bitter;cf., shrewSilly,adj., blessed,henceinnocent,hencesimpleSinew,n., a nerveSlubber,v., to do anything carelesslySmirch,v., to soilSod,adj., stewedSolar,n., an upper floorSolemn,adj., celebrated, earnestSomedeal,adv., somewhatSometime,adv., onceSooth,n., truthSpanells,n., ropes connecting the fore or hind feet of ananimal to impede its movements
Spousehood,n., marriageSpousebreach,n., adulterySpronge,adj., sprinkledStare,v., to stayStartling,part., leaping and jumpingStint,v., to stopStint,adj., stoppedStraight,adj., confinedStraited,adj., narrowedSty,v., to climbSuspect,adj., in suspicion
Tatch,n., spotTatched,adj., spottedTewly, lividTilth,v., to cultivateTilth,n., tillageTofore,prep., beforeToll,v., to enticeTrow,v., to believe;cf., trust
Unmighty,adj., unableUnneth,adv., hardlyUplandish,adj., rusticUtter,adj., outer
Very,adj., true
Wait,n., a guardWanhope,n., despairWarily,adv., carefullyWeen,v., consider, thinkWem,n., blemish, faultWend,adj., wound upWerish,adj., insipidWhelk,n., a swellingWhet,v., to sharpenWhiche,n., a wicket-gatecf., "wych gate"Wilful,adj., of set purposeWit,n., a sense;cf"out of his wits"Witty,adj., sensiblyWonder,adj., wondrousWonderly,adv., wondrouslyWood,adj., crazy, franticWoodness,n., madnessWoose,n., fluidWorship,n., reverence, authorityWosen,n., the arteriesWot,v., knewWrang,adj., injured, wrungWreak,n., revengeWreck,v., to revengeWrecker,n., avenger