The Project Gutenberg eBook ofMental Philosophy: Including the Intellect, Sensibilities, and WillThis ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.Title: Mental Philosophy: Including the Intellect, Sensibilities, and WillAuthor: Joseph HavenRelease date: February 28, 2014 [eBook #45041]Most recently updated: October 24, 2024Language: EnglishCredits: E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Les Galloway, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MENTAL PHILOSOPHY: INCLUDING THE INTELLECT, SENSIBILITIES, AND WILL ***
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online atwww.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: Mental Philosophy: Including the Intellect, Sensibilities, and WillAuthor: Joseph HavenRelease date: February 28, 2014 [eBook #45041]Most recently updated: October 24, 2024Language: EnglishCredits: E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Les Galloway, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
Title: Mental Philosophy: Including the Intellect, Sensibilities, and Will
Author: Joseph Haven
Author: Joseph Haven
Release date: February 28, 2014 [eBook #45041]Most recently updated: October 24, 2024
Language: English
Credits: E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Les Galloway, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MENTAL PHILOSOPHY: INCLUDING THE INTELLECT, SENSIBILITIES, AND WILL ***
The Project Gutenberg eBook, Mental Philosophy: Including the Intellect, Sensibilities, and Will, by Joseph Haven
INCLUDING THE
INTELLECT, SENSIBILITIES, AND WILL.
BY
JOSEPH HAVEN, D. D., L. L. D.,
LATE PROF. OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY IN THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY,CHICAGO, ILL., AND LATE PROF. OF INTELLECTUAL AND MORALPHILOSOPHY IN AMHERST COLLEGE.
IMPROVED EDITION.
NEW YORK:SHELDON AND COMPANY,8Murray Street.1881
Dr. Haven's Valuable Series of School andCollege Text-Books.MENTAL PHILOSOPHY $2.00MORAL PHILOSOPHY 1.75HISTORY OF ANCIENT AND MODERN PHILOSOPHY. (In press).
Dr. Haven's Valuable Series of School andCollege Text-Books.
MENTAL PHILOSOPHY $2.00
MORAL PHILOSOPHY 1.75
HISTORY OF ANCIENT AND MODERN PHILOSOPHY. (In press).
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1857, byGOULD AND LINCOLN,In the Clerk's office of the District Court Of the District of Massachusetts.
If any apology were necessary for adding yet another to the numerous works on Mental Philosophy which have recently appeared, the circumstances that led to the preparation of the present volume may, perhaps, constitute that apology.
When called, several years since, to the chair of Mental and Moral Philosophy, in this Institution, the text-books, then in use, seemed to me not well adapted to the wants of College students. Nor was it easy to make a change for the better. Of the works in this department, then generally in use in our Colleges, some presumed on a more extensive acquaintance with the science than most young men at this stage of education are likely to possess; others, again, erring on the opposite extreme, were deficient in thorough and scientific treatment; while most, if not all, were, at the best, incomplete, presenting buta partial survey of the entire field. In none of them was the science of mind presented in its completeness and symmetry, in a manner at once simple, yet scientific; in none of them, moreover, was it brought down to the present time. Something more complete, more simple, more thorough, seemed desirable.
Every year of subsequent experience as a teacher has but confirmed this impression, and made the want of a book better adapted to the purposes of instruction, in our American Colleges, more deeply felt. The works on mental science, which have recently appeared in this country, while they are certainly a valuable contribution to the department of philosophy, seem to meet this deficiency in part, butonlyin part. They traverse usually but a portion of the ground which Psychology legitimately occupies, confining their attention, for the most part, to theIntellectualFaculties, to the exclusion of theSensibilities, and theWill.
Feeling deeply the want which has been spoken of, it seemed to me, early in my course, that something might be done toward remedying the deficiency, by preparing with care, and delivering to the classes, lectures upon the topics presented in the books, as they passed along. This course was adopted—a method devolving much labor upon the instructor, but rewarding him by the increased interest and morerapid progress of the pupils. Little by little the present work thus grew up, as the result of my studies, in connection with my classes, and of my experience in the daily routine of the recitation and lecture room. Gradually the lectures, thus prepared, came to take the place more and more of a textbook, until there seemed to be no longer any reason why they should not be put into the hands of the student as such.
It is much easier to decide what a work on mental science ought to be, than to produce such a work. It should be comprehensive and complete, treating of all that properly pertains to Psychology, giving to every part its due proportion and development. It should treat the various topics presented, in a thorough and scientific manner. It should be conversant with the literature of the department, placing the student in possession, not only of the true doctrines, but, to some extent also, of thehistoryof those doctrines, showing him what has been held and taught by others upon the points in question. In style it should be clear, perspicuous, concise, yet not so barren of ornament as to be destitute of interest to the reader.
At these qualities the writer has aimed in the present treatise; with what success, others must determine.
All science, in proportion as it is complete and true, becomes simple. In proportion as this result is attained, the labor bestowed upon it disappears from view, and the writer seems, perhaps, to others, to have said but a very plain and common thing. This is peculiarly the case with mental science. The difficulty of discussing with clearness and simplicity, and, at the same time, in a complete and thorough manner, the difficult problems of Psychology, will be understood only by those who make the attempt.
J. H.
INTRODUCTION.CHAPTER I.PAGEON THE NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF MENTAL SCIENCE.15Section.I.—Nature of the Science.15Section.II.—Importance of Mental Science.20CHAPTER II.ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE MENTAL POWERS.27Section.I.—General Analysis.29Section.II.—Analysis of Intellectual Powers.31Section.III.—Historical Sketch—Various Divisions of the Mental Faculties.35DIVISION FIRST.THE INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES.PRELIMINARY TOPICS.CHAPTER I.CONSCIOUSNESS.39CHAPTER II.ATTENTION.46CHAPTER III.CONCEPTION.53PART FIRST.THE PRESENTATIVE POWER.SENSE, OR PERCEPTION BY THE SENSES.58Section.I.—General Observations.59Section.II.—Analysis of the Perceptive Process.61Section.III.—Analysis and Classification of the Qualities of Bodies.65Section.IV.—Organs of Sense—Analysis of their Several Functions.68Section.V.—Amount of Information derived from the Respective Senses.72Section.VI.—Credibility of our Sensations and Perceptions.81Section.VII.—Historical Sketch.84I. Of different Divisions of the Qualities of Bodies.84II. Of different Theories of Perception.87PART SECOND.THE REPRESENTATIVE POWER.GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.94CHAPTER I.MEMORY.96Section.I.—Mental Reproduction.96I. Nature.96II. Laws.101Section.II.—Mental Recognition, as distinguished from Mental Reproduction.113I. General Character.113II. What is implied in an Act of Memory.118III. Qualities of Memory.118IV. Memory as related to Intellectual Strength.121V. Cultivation of Memory.125VI. Effects of Disease on Memory.128VII. Influence of Memory on the Happiness of Life.131VIII. Historical Sketch—Different Theories of Memory.133CHAPTER II.IMAGINATION.137Section.I.—General Character of this Faculty.137Section.II.—Relation to other Faculties.138Section.III.—Active and Passive Imagination.140Section.IV.—Imagination a simple Faculty.142Section.V.—Not merely the Power of Combination.144Section.VI.—Limited to Sensible Objects.147Section.VII.—Limited to new Results.148Section.VIII.—A Voluntary Power.149Section.IX.—Use and Abuse of Imagination.152Section.X.—Culture of Imagination.154Section.XI.—Historic Sketch—Various Definitions and Theories of Imagination by different Writers.158PART THIRD.THE REFLECTIVE POWER.GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.162CHAPTER I.THE SYNTHETIC PROCESS.—GENERALIZATION.165Section.I.—Nature of the Synthetic Process.165Section.II.—Province and Relation of several Terms employed to denote, in Part, or as a Whole, this Power of the Mind.172Section.III.—Historical Sketch—The Realist and Nominalist Controversy.177CHAPTER II.THE ANALYTIC PROCESS—REASONING.180Section.I.—The Nature of the Process.181Section.II.—Relation of Judgment and Reasoning.187Section.III.—Different Kinds of Reasoning.188I. Demonstrative.189II. Probable—(1.) From Testimony; (2.) From Experience; (3.) From Analogy.192Section.IV.Use of Hypotheses and Theories in Reasoning.199Section.V.—Different Forms of Reasoning.203I. Analysis of the Proposition.203II. Analysis of the Syllogism.205III. Laws of Syllogism.207IV. Different Kinds of Syllogism.209V. Different Forms of Syllogism.210VI. Laws of Thought on which the Syllogism depends.212VII. Use and Value of the Syllogism.213VIII. Historical Sketch of the Science of Logic.219PART FOURTH.INTUITIVE POWER.CHAPTER I.EXISTENCE AND NATURE OF THIS FACULTY.228CHAPTER II.TRUTHS AND CONCEPTIONS FURNISHED BY THIS FACULTY.238Section.I.—Primary Truths.238Section.II.—Intuitive Conceptions.241I. Space.241II. Time.244III. Identity.249IV. Cause.257V. Idea of the Beautiful and the Right.262CHAPTER III.THE CONCEPTION AND COGNIZANCE OF THE BEAUTIFUL.263Section.I.—Conception of the Beautiful.263Section.II.—Cognizance of the Beautiful.286CHAPTER IV.IDEA AND COGNIZANCE OF THE RIGHT.303Section.I.—Idea of Right—Whence comes the Idea.303Section.II.—Cognizance of the Right—1. Nature of Conscience; 2. Authority of Conscience.314SUPPLEMENTARY TOPICS.CHAPTER I.INTELLIGENCE IN MAN AS DISTINGUISHED FROM INTELLIGENCE IN THE BRUTE.329CHAPTER II.MIND AS AFFECTED BY CERTAIN STATES OF THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM.342Section.I.—Sleep.343Section.II.—Dreams.351Section.III.—Somnambulism.360Section.IV.—Insanity.368DIVISION SECOND.THE SENSIBILITIES.PRELIMINARY TOPICS.CHAPTER I.NATURE, DIFFICULTY, AND IMPORTANCE OF THIS DEPARTMENT OF THE SCIENCE.377CHAPTER II.ANALYSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE SENSIBILITIES.382PART FIRST.SIMPLE EMOTIONS.CHAPTER I.INSTINCTIVE EMOTIONS.395Section.I.—Of that general State of Mind known as Cheerfulness, and its Opposite, Melancholy.396Section.II.—Sorrow at Loss of Friends.399Section.III.—Sympathy with the Happiness and Sorrow of Others.402CHAPTER II.RATIONAL EMOTIONS.409Section.I.—Emotions of Joy or Sadness, arising from the Contemplation of our own Excellence, or the Reverse.409Section.II.—Enjoyment of the Ludicrous.413Section.III.—Enjoyment of the New and Wonderful.424Section.IV.—Enjoyment of the Beautiful, and the Sublime.427Section.V.—Satisfaction in View of right Conduct, and Remorse in View of wrong.434PART SECOND.THE AFFECTIONS.CHAPTER I.BENEVOLENT AFFECTIONS.441Section.I.—Love of Kindred.442Section.II.—Love of Friends.447Section.III.—Love of Benefactors.452Section.IV.—Love of Home and Country.454CHAPTER II.MALEVOLENT AFFECTIONS.458Resentment, with its Modifications, Envy, Jealousy, Revenge.458-469PART THIRD.THE DESIRES.CHAPTER I.NATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF DESIRES.473CHAPTER II.DESIRES ARISING FROM THE PHYSICAL CONSTITUTION.477CHAPTER III.DESIRES ARISING FROM THE CONSTITUTION OF THE MIND.481Section.I.—Desire of Happiness.481Section.II.—Desire of Knowledge.487Section.III.—Desire of Power.490Section.IV.—Certain Modifications of the Desire of Power, as Desire of Superiority and Desire of Possession.493Section.V.—Desire of Society.501Section.VI.—Desire of Esteem.505CHAPTER IV.HOPE AND FEAR.510DIVISION THIRD.THE WILL.PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS.517CHAPTER I.NATURE OF THE WILL.520Section.I.—Elements involved in an Act of Will.521Section.II.—Investigation of these Elements.523I. Motive.523II. Choice.526III. Executive Volition.530CHAPTER II.RELATION OF THE WILL TO OTHER FACULTIES.531CHAPTER III.FREEDOM OF THE WILL.538Section.I.—Presumptions in Favor of Freedom.539Section.II.—Direct Argument.544CHAPTER IV.CERTAIN QUESTIONS CONNECTED WITH THE PRECEDING.549Section.I.—Contrary Choice.549Section.II.—Power to do what we were not disposed to do.551Section.III.—Influence of Motives.554I. Is the Will always as the greatest apparent Good.554II. Is the Will determined by the strongest Motive.555III. Are Motives the Cause and Volitions the Effect.556CHAPTER V.THE DOCTRINE OF THE WILL VIEWED IN CONNECTION WITH CERTAIN TRUTHS OF RELIGION.560Section.I.—The Power which God exerts over the Human Mind and Will.561Section.II.—Man's Power over Himself.566CHAPTER VI.STRENGTH OF WILL.569CHAPTER VII.HISTORICAL SKETCH—OUTLINE OF THE CONTROVERSY RESPECTING FREEDOM OF THE WILL.573REFERENCES.584
INTRODUCTION.