LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Note.—In order to facilitate reference to the illustrations, they have been so placed as to be easily found, without turning back. It has not, however, always been possible to place them in consecutive and proper order. To preserve the sequence, they are numbered in the order in which they are referred to in the text, although—especially in ChapterXI.—they are sometimes referred to in paragraphs widely apart.
Fig.Page.1,2The cotton gin163Elephant opener174Bale breaker175Dobson and Barlow’s bale breaker196,7Diagrams of mixing arrangements208Diagram of mixing arrangements219Taylor, Lang, and Company’s opening machine2510Dobson and Barlow’s opening machine2511,12Lord Brothers’ porcupine cylinders2613Diagram of mixing and opening2714Platt Brothers and Company’s opening machine2815Crighton and Sons’ opening machine2916Section of opener grid, ordinary type3017Crighton and Sons’ improved opener2918Longitudinal section of Crighton’s improved grid3019Cross section of Crighton’s improved grid3020Lord Brothers’ combined porcupine and Crighton opening machine3321Platt Brothers and Company’s improved dust trunk3422Lord Brothers’ single scutching machine3623Lord Brothers’ single scutching machine, end view3824Howard and Bullough’s improved grid for scutching machine3825Crighton and Sons’ scutching machine3926Crighton and Sons’ leaf extractor4027Platt Brothers and Company’s scutcher diagram of dead plate4128,29,30,31Lord Brothers’ piano feed motion4332Platt Brothers and Company’s old form of pedal nose4433Platt Brothers and Company’s new form of pedal nose4434Old and new arrangement of pedal bowls4435Platt Brothers and Company’s rope driving for cones4536Platt Brothers and Company’s pedal regulator4637,38Dobson and Barlow’s pedal regulator4939,40Asa Lees and Company’s pedal regulator4941Asa Lees and Company’s rope driving for cones4842Plan of mixing room lattices. Platt Brothers and Company5043Plan of scutching room. Platt Brothers and Company5044Ashworth Brothers’ revolving flat carding engine6345Vertical section of coiler5946Diagram of roller carding engine5647Perspective view of Mason’s roller carding engine5748John Hetherington and Sons’ stripper for roller carding engine6049Lord Brothers’ setting bracket for roller carding engine6050Leigh’s flexible bend6551Hetherington’s old construction of flat6652Hetherington’s new construction of flat6653Hetherington’s transverse section of bend milling apparatus6754Hetherington’s side elevation of bend milling apparatus6755Platt Brothers’ new setting of flats6956Platt Brothers’ old setting of flats6957Perspective view Platt’s card6858Diagram of Dobson and Barlow’s bend7159Front view of Dobson and Barlow’s bend7160Front view of Howard and Bullough’s bend7061Section of Howard and Bullough’s bend7362Front view of Knowles’ bend7363Diagram of Knowles’ bend7464Ashworth’s bend7565Side elevation of Brooks’ carding engine7666Front view of milling arrangement of Brooks’ carding engine7767Sectional view of milling arrangement of Brooks’ carding engine7768Side elevation of Wellman card8069Dobson and Barlow’s dish feed8370Lap before acted on by licker-in8971Lap after being acted on by licker-in8972Dobson and Barlow’s doffer covers8473Dobson and Barlow’s pedestal8774Ashworth Brothers’ driving arrangement8775Enlarged view of doffer fleece8976Diagram of card setting9277Diagram of Garnett teeth for licker-in9378Diagram of setting of teeth9579Enlarged view of needle pointed teeth9780Enlarged view of side ground tooth9781Enlarged view of side ground tooth9782Whiteley’s fillet winding drum9983Riveted and sewn flats10184Dronsfield’s fillet stretcher for flats10385Perspective view of Whiteley’s clip10386Transverse section of flat with Whiteley’s clip10387Longitudinal section of flat with Whiteley’s clip10388Transverse section of Tweedale’s fastener10389Sykes’ slow motion10690Transverse section of Hetherington’s slow motion10691End view of Hetherington’s slow motion10692Side view of card with Hetherington’s slow motion10693Side view of Brooks’ slow motion10794End view of Brooks’ slow motion10795Side view of Knowles’ slow motion10896Sectional view of Knowles’ slow motion10897Dronsfield’s grinding roller10898,99End views of Dronsfield’s grinding roller109100,101,102Views of emery filleting109103Horsfall grinding roller110104Diagram of flat and wire111105Knowles’ flat grinding apparatus111106Hetherington’s flat grinding apparatus112107Edge’s flat grinding apparatus114108Higginson’s flat grinding apparatus115109Platt’s flat grinding apparatus116110Dronsfield’s roller grinding machine118111Whiteley’s stripping brush119112Dobson and Barlow’s sliver lap machine123113Dobson and Barlow’s ribbon lap machine121114Transverse section of Heilmann combing machine127115Enlarged section of Heilmann combing machine122116Enlarged section of nipper mechanism of Heilmann combing machine125117Front view, Hetherington’s improved nipper130118Sectional view, Hetherington’s improved nipper130119Perspective view, Dobson and Barlow’s combing machine131120Transverse section, Dobson and Barlow’s combing machine134121Side view, detaching mechanism, Dobson and Barlow’s combing machine133122Plan, detaching mechanism, Dobson and Barlow’s combing machine133123End view, Brooks’ drawing frame139124Transverse section, Brooks’ drawing frame139125Front view, Brooks’ drawing frame139126Elevation and section, Leigh’s loose boss rollers138127Howard and Bullough’s electric stop motion146128Front view, Mason’s slubbing frame149129Sectional elevation, Mason’s long collar151130Sectional elevation, Higgins’ spindle153131Elevation of Higgins’ spindle153132Diagram of winding on roving frames156133Diagram of winding on roving frames156134Back view of roving frame159135Plan, Johnson’s cone motion161136Elevation, Johnson’s cone motion161137Section of differential motion163138Curtis and Rhodes’s differential motion164139Tweedale’s differential motion165140Front view of building motion167141Back view of building motion169142Plan of building motion169143Elevation of Paley’s traverse motion173144End view of Paley’s traverse motion173145Plan of Paley’s traverse motion173146Section of Paley’s traverse motion173147Diagram of variations of traverse174148Diagram of mule (essential parts)178149Front view of Platt’s mule181150Back view of Platt’s mule181151Diagram of setting of a pair of mules180152Diagram of driving bands for mule185153Longitudinal section of mule driving mechanism185154Back view of mule driving mechanism185155End view of rope attachment to end frame187156Diagram of cam shaft and connections191157Plan view of duplex driving191158Diagram of belt guiding mechanism195159Counter faller regulator198160Backing-off mechanism197161Diagram of copping arrangement205162Diagram of taking-in and holding out201163Diagram of building of cop207164Diagram of coils on nose of cop207165Diagram of copping rail arrangement204166Diagram of winding barrel movement208167Diagram of movement of quadrant arm211168Diagram of winding mechanism212169Diagram of winding chain tightening motion215170,171Diagram of position of scrolls beginning and end of set216172Diagram of winding-on motion for chain221173Diagram of ordinary arrangement of camshaft220174Section of pendant plate and clutch221175Front view of pendant plate221176Side view of Hetherington’s mule222177Back view of Hetherington’s mule223178Elevation of Dobson and Hardman’s nosing motion224179Enlarged view of Dobson and Hardman’s nosing motion225180Dobson and Barlow’s governing motion227181Dub’s governing motion229182Side elevation of Curtis’ mule without cam shaft230183Plan of Curtis’ mule without cam shaft230184Inclined carriage slips for mules231185Front view of Brooks’ ring spinning frame237186End view of Brooks’ ring spinning frame235187Transverse section of Brooks’ ring spinning frame236188Longitudinal partial section of one spindle and roller stand243189Common ring spindle243190Booth Sawyer ring spindle243191Rabbeth ring spindle245192Whitin gravity ring spindle245193Dodd ring spindle245194Bernhardt’s bee spindle and anti-ballooner249195Single ring247196Coulthard’s double ring and holder247197Diagram of winding on ring frames251198Elevation of spindle with Lancaster’s traveller253199Perspective view of ring and Lancaster’s traveller253200Plan of Platt’s ring and traveller253201Section of Platt’s ring and traveller253202Howard and Bullough’s weft spinning frame255203Asa Lees and Co.’s rope driving for tin rollers254204Stubbs’ bobbin reel263205Elevation of seven-lea arrangement267206Section of shell for swift end266207Guest and Brooks’ skeining motion268208Elevation of bundling press269209Perspective view of doubling winding machine271210Transverse section of doubling winding machine273211Section of one head of gassing machine274212Thread beaming machine277213Thread polishing machine275214Wield’s spooling machine279215Dronsfield’s cloth pasting machine283216Dronsfield’s leather grinding machine285217Roller leather splicing machine285218Roller pulling machine284219Roller ending machine284220Roller trueing machine287221Roving bobbins289222Ring spinning bobbins288223Ring doubling and throstle bobbins291224Niess’ yarn scale292225Mule indicator for hanks293226Mule indicator for draws293227Side view of indicator mechanism295228End view of indicator mechanism295229Front view of indicator for slubbing frames294230Back view of indicator for slubbing frames294231Bridge’s paste pump295232Plan of card room of Standard Spinning Company Limited299
The cotton gin
Elephant opener
Bale breaker
Dobson and Barlow’s bale breaker
Diagrams of mixing arrangements
Diagram of mixing arrangements
Taylor, Lang, and Company’s opening machine
Dobson and Barlow’s opening machine
Lord Brothers’ porcupine cylinders
Diagram of mixing and opening
Platt Brothers and Company’s opening machine
Crighton and Sons’ opening machine
Section of opener grid, ordinary type
Crighton and Sons’ improved opener
Longitudinal section of Crighton’s improved grid
Cross section of Crighton’s improved grid
Lord Brothers’ combined porcupine and Crighton opening machine
Platt Brothers and Company’s improved dust trunk
Lord Brothers’ single scutching machine
Lord Brothers’ single scutching machine, end view
Howard and Bullough’s improved grid for scutching machine
Crighton and Sons’ scutching machine
Crighton and Sons’ leaf extractor
Platt Brothers and Company’s scutcher diagram of dead plate
Lord Brothers’ piano feed motion
Platt Brothers and Company’s old form of pedal nose
Platt Brothers and Company’s new form of pedal nose
Old and new arrangement of pedal bowls
Platt Brothers and Company’s rope driving for cones
Platt Brothers and Company’s pedal regulator
Dobson and Barlow’s pedal regulator
Asa Lees and Company’s pedal regulator
Asa Lees and Company’s rope driving for cones
Plan of mixing room lattices. Platt Brothers and Company
Plan of scutching room. Platt Brothers and Company
Ashworth Brothers’ revolving flat carding engine
Vertical section of coiler
Diagram of roller carding engine
Perspective view of Mason’s roller carding engine
John Hetherington and Sons’ stripper for roller carding engine
Lord Brothers’ setting bracket for roller carding engine
Leigh’s flexible bend
Hetherington’s old construction of flat
Hetherington’s new construction of flat
Hetherington’s transverse section of bend milling apparatus
Hetherington’s side elevation of bend milling apparatus
Platt Brothers’ new setting of flats
Platt Brothers’ old setting of flats
Perspective view Platt’s card
Diagram of Dobson and Barlow’s bend
Front view of Dobson and Barlow’s bend
Front view of Howard and Bullough’s bend
Section of Howard and Bullough’s bend
Front view of Knowles’ bend
Diagram of Knowles’ bend
Ashworth’s bend
Side elevation of Brooks’ carding engine
Front view of milling arrangement of Brooks’ carding engine
Sectional view of milling arrangement of Brooks’ carding engine
Side elevation of Wellman card
Dobson and Barlow’s dish feed
Lap before acted on by licker-in
Lap after being acted on by licker-in
Dobson and Barlow’s doffer covers
Dobson and Barlow’s pedestal
Ashworth Brothers’ driving arrangement
Enlarged view of doffer fleece
Diagram of card setting
Diagram of Garnett teeth for licker-in
Diagram of setting of teeth
Enlarged view of needle pointed teeth
Enlarged view of side ground tooth
Enlarged view of side ground tooth
Whiteley’s fillet winding drum
Riveted and sewn flats
Dronsfield’s fillet stretcher for flats
Perspective view of Whiteley’s clip
Transverse section of flat with Whiteley’s clip
Longitudinal section of flat with Whiteley’s clip
Transverse section of Tweedale’s fastener
Sykes’ slow motion
Transverse section of Hetherington’s slow motion
End view of Hetherington’s slow motion
Side view of card with Hetherington’s slow motion
Side view of Brooks’ slow motion
End view of Brooks’ slow motion
Side view of Knowles’ slow motion
Sectional view of Knowles’ slow motion
Dronsfield’s grinding roller
End views of Dronsfield’s grinding roller
Views of emery filleting
Horsfall grinding roller
Diagram of flat and wire
Knowles’ flat grinding apparatus
Hetherington’s flat grinding apparatus
Edge’s flat grinding apparatus
Higginson’s flat grinding apparatus
Platt’s flat grinding apparatus
Dronsfield’s roller grinding machine
Whiteley’s stripping brush
Dobson and Barlow’s sliver lap machine
Dobson and Barlow’s ribbon lap machine
Transverse section of Heilmann combing machine
Enlarged section of Heilmann combing machine
Enlarged section of nipper mechanism of Heilmann combing machine
Front view, Hetherington’s improved nipper
Sectional view, Hetherington’s improved nipper
Perspective view, Dobson and Barlow’s combing machine
Transverse section, Dobson and Barlow’s combing machine
Side view, detaching mechanism, Dobson and Barlow’s combing machine
Plan, detaching mechanism, Dobson and Barlow’s combing machine
End view, Brooks’ drawing frame
Transverse section, Brooks’ drawing frame
Front view, Brooks’ drawing frame
Elevation and section, Leigh’s loose boss rollers
Howard and Bullough’s electric stop motion
Front view, Mason’s slubbing frame
Sectional elevation, Mason’s long collar
Sectional elevation, Higgins’ spindle
Elevation of Higgins’ spindle
Diagram of winding on roving frames
Diagram of winding on roving frames
Back view of roving frame
Plan, Johnson’s cone motion
Elevation, Johnson’s cone motion
Section of differential motion
Curtis and Rhodes’s differential motion
Tweedale’s differential motion
Front view of building motion
Back view of building motion
Plan of building motion
Elevation of Paley’s traverse motion
End view of Paley’s traverse motion
Plan of Paley’s traverse motion
Section of Paley’s traverse motion
Diagram of variations of traverse
Diagram of mule (essential parts)
Front view of Platt’s mule
Back view of Platt’s mule
Diagram of setting of a pair of mules
Diagram of driving bands for mule
Longitudinal section of mule driving mechanism
Back view of mule driving mechanism
End view of rope attachment to end frame
Diagram of cam shaft and connections
Plan view of duplex driving
Diagram of belt guiding mechanism
Counter faller regulator
Backing-off mechanism
Diagram of copping arrangement
Diagram of taking-in and holding out
Diagram of building of cop
Diagram of coils on nose of cop
Diagram of copping rail arrangement
Diagram of winding barrel movement
Diagram of movement of quadrant arm
Diagram of winding mechanism
Diagram of winding chain tightening motion
Diagram of position of scrolls beginning and end of set
Diagram of winding-on motion for chain
Diagram of ordinary arrangement of camshaft
Section of pendant plate and clutch
Front view of pendant plate
Side view of Hetherington’s mule
Back view of Hetherington’s mule
Elevation of Dobson and Hardman’s nosing motion
Enlarged view of Dobson and Hardman’s nosing motion
Dobson and Barlow’s governing motion
Dub’s governing motion
Side elevation of Curtis’ mule without cam shaft
Plan of Curtis’ mule without cam shaft
Inclined carriage slips for mules
Front view of Brooks’ ring spinning frame
End view of Brooks’ ring spinning frame
Transverse section of Brooks’ ring spinning frame
Longitudinal partial section of one spindle and roller stand
Common ring spindle
Booth Sawyer ring spindle
Rabbeth ring spindle
Whitin gravity ring spindle
Dodd ring spindle
Bernhardt’s bee spindle and anti-ballooner
Single ring
Coulthard’s double ring and holder
Diagram of winding on ring frames
Elevation of spindle with Lancaster’s traveller
Perspective view of ring and Lancaster’s traveller
Plan of Platt’s ring and traveller
Section of Platt’s ring and traveller
Howard and Bullough’s weft spinning frame
Asa Lees and Co.’s rope driving for tin rollers
Stubbs’ bobbin reel
Elevation of seven-lea arrangement
Section of shell for swift end
Guest and Brooks’ skeining motion
Elevation of bundling press
Perspective view of doubling winding machine
Transverse section of doubling winding machine
Section of one head of gassing machine
Thread beaming machine
Thread polishing machine
Wield’s spooling machine
Dronsfield’s cloth pasting machine
Dronsfield’s leather grinding machine
Roller leather splicing machine
Roller pulling machine
Roller ending machine
Roller trueing machine
Roving bobbins
Ring spinning bobbins
Ring doubling and throstle bobbins
Niess’ yarn scale
Mule indicator for hanks
Mule indicator for draws
Side view of indicator mechanism
End view of indicator mechanism
Front view of indicator for slubbing frames
Back view of indicator for slubbing frames
Bridge’s paste pump
Plan of card room of Standard Spinning Company Limited